Onfalocele em bezerro neonato / Omphalocele in neonate calf

Background: An omphalocele is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the protrusion of the abdominal contentsthrough the base of the umbilical cord. A defect in the midline of the abdomen results in the abdominal contents beingcovered by a membranous sac near the umbilical cord, which ultimately results in the failure of the abdominal organs toreturn to the abdominal cavity in the early gestational stages and the development of an omphalocele. This study aimed toaddress the diagnosis, medical-surgical management, and treatment for an omphalocele in a newborn calf.Case: A 2-day-old male Red Angus calf, weighing 35 kg, was referred to the HVU-UFSM. According to the owner, theanimal was born via normal delivery, had ingested milk, was alert, and had an enlarged pendulous abdomen at the umbilicus. Physical examination did not show any changes in vital functions; however, intestinal stasis was observed. Anin-depth examination revealed the presence of a round mass of tissue approximately 15 cm in diameter that was fillingthe remnant of the umbilical cord. This structure was covered by a thin, slightly dried membrane that isolated the contentsfrom the external environment. On palpation, the mass was firm and non-reducible, and an omphalocele was suspected.Given the severity of the condition, the animal immediately underwent an emergency surgical procedure to correct thecongenital defect. The surgery involved placing the intestinal loops that were present inside the sac in the abdominal cavity. At the end of the procedure, the animal was placed in a quadrupedal position to better assess omphalocele reduction.Postoperatively, the following medications were administered: a single dose of an analgesic along with a dipyrone andhyoscine-based antispasmodic (25 mg/kg, IM), an enrofloxacin-based antibiotic (2.5 mg/kg, IM) once a day for 7 days...

Onfalocele em bezerro neonato / Omphalocele in neonate calf

Background: An omphalocele is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the protrusion of the abdominal contentsthrough the base of the umbilical cord. A defect in the midline of the abdomen results in the abdominal contents beingcovered by a membranous sac near the umbilical cord, which ultimately results in the failure of the abdominal organs toreturn to the abdominal cavity in the early gestational stages and the development of an omphalocele. This study aimed toaddress the diagnosis, medical-surgical management, and treatment for an omphalocele in a newborn calf.Case: A 2-day-old male Red Angus calf, weighing 35 kg, was referred to the HVU-UFSM. According to the owner, theanimal was born via normal delivery, had ingested milk, was alert, and had an enlarged pendulous abdomen at the umbilicus. Physical examination did not show any changes in vital functions; however, intestinal stasis was observed. Anin-depth examination revealed the presence of a round mass of tissue approximately 15 cm in diameter that was fillingthe remnant of the umbilical cord. This structure was covered by a thin, slightly dried membrane that isolated the contentsfrom the external environment. On palpation, the mass was firm and non-reducible, and an omphalocele was suspected.Given the severity of the condition, the animal immediately underwent an emergency surgical procedure to correct thecongenital defect. The surgery involved placing the intestinal loops that were present inside the sac in the abdominal cavity. At the end of the procedure, the animal was placed in a quadrupedal position to better assess omphalocele reduction.Postoperatively, the following medications were administered: a single dose of an analgesic along with a dipyrone andhyoscine-based antispasmodic (25 mg/kg, IM), an enrofloxacin-based antibiotic (2.5 mg/kg, IM) once a day for 7 days...(AU)

Doppler sonography of the umbilical and uterine arteries blood flow of pregnant Saanen goats

The objective was to evaluate the blood flow of the uterine artery (UA) and umbilical artery (UMB) in the physiological pregnancy of goats by means of Doppler throughout the gestational period. Twenty-five Saanen goats weighing 55 ± 10 kg and aged between 2 and 5 were evaluated weekly, from the 21st until the 143rd day of gestation, and daily from that period until parturition. Values for peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indices of the uterine and umbilical arteries were determined. The values obtained were correlated with gestational age by Spearman's test, tested for adjustment to regression models and compared with the number of fetuses by ANOVA. The umbilical cord was first visualized at 28 days. Of the variables evaluated, RIUMB and PIUMB correlated with gestational age (p<0.001; and 0.046; respectively) and RIUMB had a low negative correlation with the number of fetuses per pregnancy (p = 0.003; r- Spearman = - 0.218). PSVUMB and EDVUMB values did not correlate with gestational age (p=0.737 and 0.768, respectively), but there was a decrease in the mean values throughout pregnancy (PSVUMB= 0.07; 0.31 and EDVUMB= 0.01; 0.06) as well as the change in the flow pattern of the spectral trace. The mean values of the uterine artery dopplervelocimetric variables PSVUT, EDVUT, PIUT and RIUT did not correlate with gestational age (p= 0.324; 0.372, 0.143; 0.13; respectively). It is expected that the results obtained will contribute to a broader understanding of the hemodynamic changes resulting from pregnancy in goats.(AU)

Presumed normal hemodynamic values of the arteries in the final third period of gestation in bitches

Background: Doppler ultrasonography enables the investigation of vascular blood flow indexes in gestational assessment,being able to detect vascular resistances that can affect fetal and maternal circulation, such as cases of placental insufficiency, associated with fetal cerebral oxygenation deficit and fetal distress. The study aims to assume hemodynamicallynormal values in the final third of gestation in bitches, of the umbilical, uteroplacental, middle cerebral and internal carotidarteries, correlating the obtained Doppler velocimetric indexes, for the assessment of the feto-placental circulation, andprediction of fetal viability indexes, fetal centralization and probable date of delivery.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty healthy bitches were examined in the final third of gestation (40-60 days). Thesewere evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography at 2 times (T): T1: between 40-50 days; T2: between 51-60 of gestation.At each time point, the peak systolic velocities (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV) used to obtain the pulsatility(IP) and resistivity (IR) indexes of the umbilical, uteroplacental, middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries of fetuseswere evaluated. Also, the systole/diastole (S/D) ratio of these vessels was evaluated. The data obtained were subjected toanalysis of variance and Tukey test, using a P value equal to 5%. A significant difference was observed between velocitiesand Doppler velocimetric indexes between the 2 phases of the gestational final third in all studied vessels. There was anincrease in the values of PSV and EDV and a decrease in the indexes, as the probable date of delivery approached. Theanalysis of the umbilical cord IR showed an increase from P1 to P2 (P < 0.05), while the IP decreased at the same time.For all studied variables there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the uteroplacental...(AU)

Presumed normal hemodynamic values of the arteries in the final third period of gestation in bitches

Background: Doppler ultrasonography enables the investigation of vascular blood flow indexes in gestational assessment,being able to detect vascular resistances that can affect fetal and maternal circulation, such as cases of placental insufficiency, associated with fetal cerebral oxygenation deficit and fetal distress. The study aims to assume hemodynamicallynormal values in the final third of gestation in bitches, of the umbilical, uteroplacental, middle cerebral and internal carotidarteries, correlating the obtained Doppler velocimetric indexes, for the assessment of the feto-placental circulation, andprediction of fetal viability indexes, fetal centralization and probable date of delivery.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty healthy bitches were examined in the final third of gestation (40-60 days). Thesewere evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography at 2 times (T): T1: between 40-50 days; T2: between 51-60 of gestation.At each time point, the peak systolic velocities (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV) used to obtain the pulsatility(IP) and resistivity (IR) indexes of the umbilical, uteroplacental, middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries of fetuseswere evaluated. Also, the systole/diastole (S/D) ratio of these vessels was evaluated. The data obtained were subjected toanalysis of variance and Tukey test, using a P value equal to 5%. A significant difference was observed between velocitiesand Doppler velocimetric indexes between the 2 phases of the gestational final third in all studied vessels. There was anincrease in the values of PSV and EDV and a decrease in the indexes, as the probable date of delivery approached. Theanalysis of the umbilical cord IR showed an increase from P1 to P2 (P < 0.05), while the IP decreased at the same time.For all studied variables there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the uteroplacental...

Sepsis due to Yersinia enterocolitica in an aborted equine fetus: case report / Sepse por Yersinia enterocolitica em um feto equino abortado: relato de caso

Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium with zoonotic potential and there are no previous records of this bacteria being isolated from aborted foals. This report aims to describe a case of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica in a seven month old aborted equine. The fequinoetus was submitted to necropsy and samples of all the organs were collected for the histological exam. Samples of liver, lung, placenta, and stomach contents were collected for bacterial culture. Macroscopically, the liver was enlarged with yellowish heterogeneous color, heart with pale myocardial areas; lungs not collapsed, heavy and shiny, thickened umbilical cord covered with fibrin and pus. Histopathologically, there was moderate multifocal necrosuppurative myocarditis and thrombosis, moderate diffuse suppurative bronchopneumonia, mild multifocal fibrinonecrotic hepatitis, and moderate diffuse necrosuppurative omphalitis with intralesional bacterial myriads and thrombosis. Mild multifocal suppurative placentitis, nephritis, myositis, cystitis, and dermatitis were also observed, in addition to mild diffuse lymphoid rarefaction. The microbiological evaluation identified Y. enterocolitica in the liver, lung, and stomach fluid. This is the first report of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica causing an abortion in a horse. This bacterium has zoonotic importance; therefore, it should be investigated in abortion in this species, serving as a differential diagnosis in reproductive disorders.(AU)

Yersinia enterocolitica é uma bactéria com potencial zoonótico, e não há informações desse agente como causa de abortamento em equinos. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de sepse por Y. enterocolitica em um feto equino abortado aos sete meses. O feto foi submetido à necropsia, e amostras de todos os órgãos foram processadas para histopatologia. Para microbiologia, foram coletadas amostras de fígado, pulmão, placenta e conteúdo estomacal. Macroscopicamente, observou-se fígado aumentado com coloração amarelada heterogênea; coração com áreas pálidas no miocárdio; pulmões não colabados, pesados e brilhantes; e cordão umbilical espessado e recoberto por fibrina e pus. Na análise histopatológica, havia miocardite necrossupurativa multifocal moderada e trombose, broncopneumonia supurativa difusa moderada, hepatite fibrinonecrótica multifocal discreta e onfalite necrossupurativa difusa moderada com miríades bacterianas intralesionais e trombose. Observou-se também placentite, nefrite, miosite, cistite e dermatite supurativa multifocal discreta, além de rarefação linfoide difusa discreta. A avaliação microbiológica identificou Y. enterocolitica no fígado, no pulmão e no líquido estomacal. Este é o primeiro relato de sepse por Y. enterocolitica causando abortamento na espécie equina. Essa bactéria tem importância zoonótica, portanto deve ser investigada em casos de abortamento nessa espécie, servindo como diagnóstico diferencial em tal distúrbio reprodutivo.(AU)

Onfalite associada a pneumonia embólica em neonatos caninos / Omphalitis associated with embolic pneumonia in canine neonates

não hemorrágica, mucosa oral cianótica e dispneia intensa 48 horas após o nascimento. Apesar dos cuidados de suporte, os filhotes morreram e foram submetidos à necropsia. Na avaliação anatomopatológica, foi diagnosticada onfalite bacteriana supurativa em todos os animais, caracterizada macroscopicamente por aumento de volume em região umbilical, e, microscopicamente, por infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico e necrose, associado a numerosas colônias bacterianas intralesionais. Pneumonia intersticial multifocal a coalescente com necrose alveolar e grande quantidade de colônias bacterianas intralesionais foi diagnosticada em todos os filhotes, morfologia típica de pneumonia embólica. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae e Klebsiella ozaenae e Bacillus cereus foram isolados dos fragmentos pulmonares. Este caso demonstra a associação entre onfalite e pneumonia. Falhas nos cuidados neonatais podem ocasionar infecção bacteriana generalizada e elevada mortalidade. A antissepssia do umbigo deve ser realizada logo após o nascimento a fim de reduzir os casos de onfalite e consequentemente a mortalidade neonatal.(AU)

Four canine neonates, that were born in poor hygiene condition, presented prostration, nonhemorrhagic diarrhea, cyanotic oral mucous membranes, and intense dyspnea 48 hours after the birth. Despite supportive care, the animals died and were necropsied. Anatomopathological examination revealed suppurative bacterial omphalitis in all animals, macroscopically characterized by umbilicus enlargement and, microscopically, by neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis, associated with intralesional bacterial colonies. Multifocal to coalescent interstitial pneumonia with alveolar necrosis and numerous intralesional bacterial colonies was diagnosed in all neonates, morphologically suggestive of embolic pneumonia. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae and Bacillus cereus, were isolated from lung tissue samples. This case demonstrates the association between omphalitis and pneumonia. Inappropriate neonatal care can predispose neonates to generalized bacterial infection and death. Therefore, umbilical cord treatment should be performed immediately after birth to reduce neonatal mortality.(AU)

Onfalite associada a pneumonia embólica em neonatos caninos / Omphalitis associated with embolic pneumonia in canine neonates

não hemorrágica, mucosa oral cianótica e dispneia intensa 48 horas após o nascimento. Apesar dos cuidados de suporte, os filhotes morreram e foram submetidos à necropsia. Na avaliação anatomopatológica, foi diagnosticada onfalite bacteriana supurativa em todos os animais, caracterizada macroscopicamente por aumento de volume em região umbilical, e, microscopicamente, por infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico e necrose, associado a numerosas colônias bacterianas intralesionais. Pneumonia intersticial multifocal a coalescente com necrose alveolar e grande quantidade de colônias bacterianas intralesionais foi diagnosticada em todos os filhotes, morfologia típica de pneumonia embólica. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae e Klebsiella ozaenae e Bacillus cereus foram isolados dos fragmentos pulmonares. Este caso demonstra a associação entre onfalite e pneumonia. Falhas nos cuidados neonatais podem ocasionar infecção bacteriana generalizada e elevada mortalidade. A antissepssia do umbigo deve ser realizada logo após o nascimento a fim de reduzir os casos de onfalite e consequentemente a mortalidade neonatal.

Four canine neonates, that were born in poor hygiene condition, presented prostration, nonhemorrhagic diarrhea, cyanotic oral mucous membranes, and intense dyspnea 48 hours after the birth. Despite supportive care, the animals died and were necropsied. Anatomopathological examination revealed suppurative bacterial omphalitis in all animals, macroscopically characterized by umbilicus enlargement and, microscopically, by neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis, associated with intralesional bacterial colonies. Multifocal to coalescent interstitial pneumonia with alveolar necrosis and numerous intralesional bacterial colonies was diagnosed in all neonates, morphologically suggestive of embolic pneumonia. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae and Bacillus cereus, were isolated from lung tissue samples. This case demonstrates the association between omphalitis and pneumonia. Inappropriate neonatal care can predispose neonates to generalized bacterial infection and death. Therefore, umbilical cord treatment should be performed immediately after birth to reduce neonatal mortality.

Use of bovine fetal blood, omasum and hears in a slaughterhouse in São Luís County Maranhão State

The aim of the present study is to report the technical procedures applied to fetal blood, omasum and ears deriving from beef cattle slaughter in a slaughterhouse in São Luís County Maranhão State. A case study, divided into three stages, was conducted for such a purpose: (i) technical visitations to observe and better understand waste generation and its use process; (ii) analysis of slaughterhouse records about waste destination; and, (iii) photographic records for the best analysis of waste-use conditions. Based on the results, the slaughterhouse does not have the appropriate infrastructure to use the assessed waste given its artisanal techniques, which are not in compliance with the sanitary, hygiene and humanitarian legislation in Brazil. The use of waste presenting economic and commercial value is feasible and, yet, a way to go on with the technological process adopted by the assessed slaughterhouse. However, it is of paramount importance adjusting the implemented procedures and techniques in order to achieve production-management update, technological advancements in the industrial structure, and economic gains. Nevertheless, these actions must be in compliance with environmental prevention principles. It is also important emphasizing the need of rigorous inspections by the Official State Inspection and Livestock and Agriculture Defense Service in the assessed slaug

Objetivou-se com o estudo relatar os procedimentos técnicos para o aproveitamento de sangue fetal, omaso e orelha oriundos do abate de bovinos em um abatedouro frigorífico no município de São Luís-MA.Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso dividido em três etapas: (i) visitas técnicas para a observação e compreensão do processo de geração e aproveitamento dos resíduos; (ii) análise dos registros do abatedouro frigorífico sobre o destino dos resíduos;e, (iii) registros fotográficos para melhor análise das condições de aproveitamento dos resíduos. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se constatar que o abatedouro frigorífico não possui estrutura totalmente adequada para o aproveitamento dos resíduos avaliados com o emprego de técnicas artesanais em desconformidade com legislações brasileiras de cunho sanitário, higiênico e humanitário. O aproveitamento dos resíduos, todos com valor econômico e comercial, é exequível e configura-se como uma forma de continuidade do processo tecnológico do abatedouro frigorífico estudado. Mas, alerta-se para a urgente necessidade de adequações dos procedimentos e técnicas implementadas que resultarão em modernização da gestão produtiva, avanços tecnológicos da estrutura industrial e ganhos econômicos, além de estar em sintonia com os princípios de preservação ambiental. Enfatiza-se, ainda, para a necessidade premente de fiscalizações mais rigorosas por parte do Serviço de Inspeção Oficial e de Defesa Agropecuária Estadual noabatedouro frigorífico avaliado.

Use of bovine fetal blood, omasum and hears in a slaughterhouse in São Luís County Maranhão State

The aim of the present study is to report the technical procedures applied to fetal blood, omasum and ears deriving from beef cattle slaughter in a slaughterhouse in São Luís County Maranhão State. A case study, divided into three stages, was conducted for such a purpose: (i) technical visitations to observe and better understand waste generation and its use process; (ii) analysis of slaughterhouse records about waste destination; and, (iii) photographic records for the best analysis of waste-use conditions. Based on the results, the slaughterhouse does not have the appropriate infrastructure to use the assessed waste given its artisanal techniques, which are not in compliance with the sanitary, hygiene and humanitarian legislation in Brazil. The use of waste presenting economic and commercial value is feasible and, yet, a way to go on with the technological process adopted by the assessed slaughterhouse. However, it is of paramount importance adjusting the implemented procedures and techniques in order to achieve production-management update, technological advancements in the industrial structure, and economic gains. Nevertheless, these actions must be in compliance with environmental prevention principles. It is also important emphasizing the need of rigorous inspections by the Official State Inspection and Livestock and Agriculture Defense Service in the assessed slaug(AU)

Objetivou-se com o estudo relatar os procedimentos técnicos para o aproveitamento de sangue fetal, omaso e orelha oriundos do abate de bovinos em um abatedouro frigorífico no município de São Luís-MA.Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso dividido em três etapas: (i) visitas técnicas para a observação e compreensão do processo de geração e aproveitamento dos resíduos; (ii) análise dos registros do abatedouro frigorífico sobre o destino dos resíduos;e, (iii) registros fotográficos para melhor análise das condições de aproveitamento dos resíduos. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se constatar que o abatedouro frigorífico não possui estrutura totalmente adequada para o aproveitamento dos resíduos avaliados com o emprego de técnicas artesanais em desconformidade com legislações brasileiras de cunho sanitário, higiênico e humanitário. O aproveitamento dos resíduos, todos com valor econômico e comercial, é exequível e configura-se como uma forma de continuidade do processo tecnológico do abatedouro frigorífico estudado. Mas, alerta-se para a urgente necessidade de adequações dos procedimentos e técnicas implementadas que resultarão em modernização da gestão produtiva, avanços tecnológicos da estrutura industrial e ganhos econômicos, além de estar em sintonia com os princípios de preservação ambiental. Enfatiza-se, ainda, para a necessidade premente de fiscalizações mais rigorosas por parte do Serviço de Inspeção Oficial e de Defesa Agropecuária Estadual noabatedouro frigorífico avaliado.(AU)

Study of comparative proteome between normal and inverted karyotypes of human mesenchymal stem cells

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells have been expanded in vitro for cellular therapy in numerous clinical settings without standardized culture conditions or quality-control schemes. The in vitro expansion is necessary to obtain sufficient cells for clinical applications. However, the expansion may induce genetic and functional abnormalities which may affect the safety and functionality of MSC, especially the chromosomal stability. This study aimed to investigate the protein profile of umbilical cord-derived MSC with normal and inverted karyotypes after expansion in the laboratory. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed and the Bradford method, Scaffold software, String and Cytoscape databases were employed to measure and characterize the protein content of umbilical cord-derived MSC. Networks of protein interactions, hub and bottleneck proteins were identified by proteomics and systems biology approaches. We found that proteins related to cellular stress were super expressed in inverted karyotype cells. Moreover, a high expression of Serpine 1, RHOA, and CTSB was found in these cells, which are proteins related to cancer. The albumin and ubiquitin proteins have been associated with a positive prognosis in cancer and cellular stress, and were up- and down-regulated in normal karyotype cells, respectively. The results suggests that the paracentric inversion inv(3)(p25p13) induced some type of cellular stress and genetic instability in human mesenchymal stem cells. These analyses showed the importance of carrying out studies related to the genetic instability of human mesenchymal stem cells using the protein expression profile as a parameter.

Study of comparative proteome between normal and inverted karyotypes of human mesenchymal stem cells

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells have been expanded in vitro for cellular therapy in numerous clinical settings without standardized culture conditions or quality-control schemes. The in vitro expansion is necessary to obtain sufficient cells for clinical applications. However, the expansion may induce genetic and functional abnormalities which may affect the safety and functionality of MSC, especially the chromosomal stability. This study aimed to investigate the protein profile of umbilical cord-derived MSC with normal and inverted karyotypes after expansion in the laboratory. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed and the Bradford method, Scaffold software, String and Cytoscape databases were employed to measure and characterize the protein content of umbilical cord-derived MSC. Networks of protein interactions, hub and bottleneck proteins were identified by proteomics and systems biology approaches. We found that proteins related to cellular stress were super expressed in inverted karyotype cells. Moreover, a high expression of Serpine 1, RHOA, and CTSB was found in these cells, which are proteins related to cancer. The albumin and ubiquitin proteins have been associated with a positive prognosis in cancer and cellular stress, and were up- and down-regulated in normal karyotype cells, respectively. The results suggests that the paracentric inversion inv(3)(p25p13) induced some type of cellular stress and genetic instability in human mesenchymal stem cells. These analyses showed the importance of carrying out studies related to the genetic instability of human mesenchymal stem cells using the protein expression profile as a parameter.(AU)

Structural plasticity and isolation of umbilical cord progenitor cells of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) raised in captivity / Plasticidade estrutural e isolamento de células progenitoras do cordão umbilical de cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) criadas em cativeiro

The agouti has been used as an experimental model in several studies focused on reproductive biology. The umbilical cord, an embryonic attachment that connects the foetus to the placenta, has been reported as an important anatomical site for obtaining stem cells. The objective of this study was to describe macro- and microscopically the umbilical cord of agoutis at different stages of gestation, to expand and cultivate in vitro the progenitor cells and to report their morphological characteristics. Seven cutias were submitted to caesarean section to collect the umbilical cords: five were destined for studies of cord structure in different stages of gestation (30, 35, 50, 75 and 100 days postcoital), and two were collected in the third stage of gestation for isolation and cell culture. The umbilical cord of cutias assumes a spiral arrangement, with veins and arteries on it starting 50 days after coitus. The arteries present an outer layer of smooth muscle fibres in a longitudinal and circular arrangement and a medium layer of smooth muscle fibres with only longitudinal and intimate orientation and coated by the endothelium. The veins consist of longitudinal smooth muscle fibres with an extract of smooth muscle cells, and the endothelium, in all analysed gestational phases, is a structure bounded by simple pavement epithelial tissue originating from the amnion, adhered to Whartons Jelly and forming the umbilical vessels and allantoid duct. The proposed protocol allowed the collection of a high cellular concentration of umbilical cord progenitor cells from viable cutias.(AU)

A cutia vem sendo utilizada como modelo experimental em diversos estudos voltados à biologia reprodutiva. O cordão umbilical, anexo embrionário que une o feto à placenta, tem sido relatado como um importante sítio anatômico para obtenção de células-tronco. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever macro e microscopicamente o cordão umbilical de cutias, em fases diferentes da gestação, expandir e cultivar in vitro as células progenitoras e relatar suas características morfológicas. Foram utilizadas sete cutias submetidas à cesariana para a coleta dos cordões umbilicais, cinco foram destinadas aos estudos da estrutura do cordão, em diferentes estágios de gestação (30, 35, 50, 75 e 100 dias pós-coito), e duas, no terço final da gestação, para isolamento e cultivo celular. O cordão umbilical de cutia assume disposição espiralada, com veias e artérias sobre ele a partir dos 50 dias após o coito. As artérias apresentam camada externa de fibras musculares lisas, disposição longitudinal e circular, camada média de fibras musculares lisas, apenas com disposição longitudinal e íntima revestida pelo endotélio. As veias constituídas por fibras musculares lisas longitudinais com um extrato de células musculares lisas e pelo endotélio. Em todas as fases gestacionais analisadas é uma estrutura delimitada por tecido epitelial simples pavimentoso, proveniente do âmnio, aderido a Geleia de Wharton e com formação de vasos umbilicais e ducto alantóide. O protocolo proposto permitiu a coleta de células progenitoras do cordão umbilical de cutias, viáveis com elevada concentração celular.(AU)

Efeito do escore da condição corporal materna no desenvolvimento in vitro das células tronco mesenquimais do cordão umbilical de fetos caprinos / Effect of the score of maternal body condition in the in vitro development of the mesenquimal trunk cells in the umbilical cord of caprine fetes

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do escore da condição corporal (ECC) materno sobre a capacidade de isolamento, expansão e caracterização de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do cordão umbilical de fetos caprinos. Para tanto, dezenove cabras mestiças adultas, pluríparas foram agrupadas de acordo com o ECC, atribuindo-se um escore de 1-5, (GB) grupo baixo com menor ECC, (2,3±0,1, GB, n = 9) e (GA) grupo alto com maior ECC (2,9±0,1, GA, n = 10). Durante o parto, fragmentos do cordão umbilical foram coletados e cultivados in vitro e avaliados a taxa de proliferação celular. Nenhum efeito significativo do ECC foi encontrado para os parâmetros considerados.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the maternal body condition score (ECC) on the ability to isolate, expand and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) derived from the umbilical cord of goat fetuses. Nineteen crossbred adult crossbred goats were grouped according to ECC, giving a score of 1-5 (GB) low group with lower ECC, (2.3±0.1, GB, n = 9 ) and (GA) high group with higher ECC (2.9±0.1, GA, n = 10). During delivery, umbilical cord fragments were collected and cultured in vitro and the rate of cell proliferation was evaluated. No significant effect of ECC was found for the parameters considered.

Efeito do escore da condição corporal materna no desenvolvimento in vitro das células tronco mesenquimais do cordão umbilical de fetos caprinos / Effect of the score of maternal body condition in the in vitro development of the mesenquimal trunk cells in the umbilical cord of caprine fetes

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do escore da condição corporal (ECC) materno sobre a capacidade de isolamento, expansão e caracterização de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do cordão umbilical de fetos caprinos. Para tanto, dezenove cabras mestiças adultas, pluríparas foram agrupadas de acordo com o ECC, atribuindo-se um escore de 1-5, (GB) grupo baixo com menor ECC, (2,3±0,1, GB, n = 9) e (GA) grupo alto com maior ECC (2,9±0,1, GA, n = 10). Durante o parto, fragmentos do cordão umbilical foram coletados e cultivados in vitro e avaliados a taxa de proliferação celular. Nenhum efeito significativo do ECC foi encontrado para os parâmetros considerados.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the maternal body condition score (ECC) on the ability to isolate, expand and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) derived from the umbilical cord of goat fetuses. Nineteen crossbred adult crossbred goats were grouped according to ECC, giving a score of 1-5 (GB) low group with lower ECC, (2.3±0.1, GB, n = 9 ) and (GA) high group with higher ECC (2.9±0.1, GA, n = 10). During delivery, umbilical cord fragments were collected and cultured in vitro and the rate of cell proliferation was evaluated. No significant effect of ECC was found for the parameters considered.(AU)

Applications of Doppler ultrasonography in reproductive health and physiology of small ruminants / Aplicações da ultrassonografia Doppler na fisiologia e saúde reprodutiva de pequenos ruminantes

Major applications of Doppler ultrasonography for evaluating reproductive potential of healthy sheep and goats are discussed in this mini-review. Basic principles of Doppler imaging and examination techniques used are also briefly described. In ewes and does, Doppler ultrasonography has primarily been used in reproductive research involving superovulatory treatments and fetal development. In both species, color Doppler sonography has proven to be an accurate non-invasive method of detecting luteal structures and monitoring changes in luteal status/dynamics during the interovulatory period and pregnancy. Studies in rams have documented changes in testicular blood supply during the period encompassing the onset of puberty as well as seasonal fluctuations in velocimetric indices of testicular arteries and their relationships to spermatogenesis/semen quality, testicular volumes and circulating concentrations of reproductive hormones. Quantitative correlations between high-velocity antral follicular blood flow and superovulatory yields in ewes promise to provide a reliable non-invasive method to predict superovulatory outcomes. Umbilical cord hemodynamics are a useful marker of fetal development and health status. However, the relationships among velocimetric indices of major supplying arteries and ovarian/testicular or mammary gland function are still equivocal and require additional confirmatory studies of multiple influencing factors.(AU)

Applications of Doppler ultrasonography in reproductive health and physiology of small ruminants / Aplicações da ultrassonografia Doppler na fisiologia e saúde reprodutiva de pequenos ruminantes

Major applications of Doppler ultrasonography for evaluating reproductive potential of healthy sheep and goats are discussed in this mini-review. Basic principles of Doppler imaging and examination techniques used are also briefly described. In ewes and does, Doppler ultrasonography has primarily been used in reproductive research involving superovulatory treatments and fetal development. In both species, color Doppler sonography has proven to be an accurate non-invasive method of detecting luteal structures and monitoring changes in luteal status/dynamics during the interovulatory period and pregnancy. Studies in rams have documented changes in testicular blood supply during the period encompassing the onset of puberty as well as seasonal fluctuations in velocimetric indices of testicular arteries and their relationships to spermatogenesis/semen quality, testicular volumes and circulating concentrations of reproductive hormones. Quantitative correlations between high-velocity antral follicular blood flow and superovulatory yields in ewes promise to provide a reliable non-invasive method to predict superovulatory outcomes. Umbilical cord hemodynamics are a useful marker of fetal development and health status. However, the relationships among velocimetric indices of major supplying arteries and ovarian/testicular or mammary gland function are still equivocal and require additional confirmatory studies of multiple influencing factors.

Salmonella Typhimurium - associated meningoencephalomyelitis in a foal / Meningoencefalomielite por Salmonella Typhimurium em potro

A 10-day old foal presented with a history of acute recumbency and generalized weakness, that progressed to seizure episodes and death. Post mortem examination revealed necrotizing and purulent omphalophlebitis and fibrinopurulent meningoencephalomyelitis. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from the central nervous system and determined to be the cause of the meningoencephalomyelitis. Due to the lack of evidence of gastrointestinal disease, the umbilical cord was considered the most likely portal of entry of the bacteria. The isolated S. Typhimurium was resistant to ampicillin and cephalotin, and partially resistant to enrofloxacin. These drugs are commonly used in the treatment of salmonellosis. This is the first report of S. Typhimurium affecting the brain and spinal cord of a foal. Salmonellosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in foals with neurologic signs, even in the absence of enterocolitis.(AU)

Um potro de 10 dias de idade foi admitido com histórico de decúbito e fraqueza generalizada aguda, com progressão para episódios de convulsão e morte. A avaliação post mortem demonstrou onfalite necropurulenta e meningoencefalomielite fibrinopurulenta. Salmonella Typhimurium foi isolada do material purulento coletado do sistema nervoso central. A ausência de diarreia e lesões entéricas associadas à presença de onfalite sugerem que o umbigo foi possivelmente a porta de entrada do agente. O isolado de S. Typhimurium apresentou resistência a cefalotina e ampicilina e resistência intermediária a enrofloxacina, drogas utilizadas para o tratamento de salmonelose. Este é o primeiro relato de S. Typhimurium levando a alterações encefálicas e medulares em potro. A salmonelose deve ser considerada, portanto, como diagnóstico diferencial em potros neonatos com alterações neurológicas, mesmo na ausência de enterocolite.(AU)

Vitality evaluation methods for newborn puppies after cesarean section performed under general inhalation anestesia

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to demonstrate and to correlate possible methods for neonatal assessment in dogs born by elective cesarean surgery using inhalation anesthesia, enhancing its advantages and disadvantages as well as proposing lactate measurement as an adjunctive method of evaluation. After elective cesarean surgery of four bitches subjected to morphine premedication followed by propofol induction and sevoflurane anesthesia, 30 neonates were evaluated through blood sampling from the umbilical cord for lactate measurement and blood gas analyses, as well as neurological and cardiorespiratory assessment at birth and at 10 minutes of age. The neonates presented respiratory acidosis and acidemia at birth related to blood lactate values (4.98±1.39mmol/L). Neurological and cardiorespiratory depressions were present at birth with recovery at 10 minutes and no complications were observed during the first 30 days of life. The methods for neonatal assessment used in this study are safe when appropriately interpreted and the effects of general anesthesia on neonates were transient. Blood lactate obtained from the umbilical cord can be an option for the evaluation of these patients.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se demonstrar e correlacionar os possíveis métodos de avaliação neonatal de filhotes de cães nascidos de cesarianas eletivas com a utilização de anestesia inalatória, apontando suas vantagens e desvantagens e propor a dosagem de lactato sanguíneo como prática auxiliar. Após a cesariana eletiva em quatro cadelas submetidas ao protocolo anestésico composto de morfina, propofol e sevofluorano, foram avaliados 30 neonatos com exames de sangue do cordão umbilical para dosagem de lactato e gases sanguíneos, avaliação neurológica e cardiorrespiratória realizadas no nascimento e aos 10 minutos de vida. Os animais apresentaram acidose respiratória com acidemia ao nascimento, associados a altos valores de lactato sanguíneo (4,89±1,39mmol/L). Ocorreu depressão neurológica e cardiorrespiratória no nascimento, com recuperação após 10 minutos, sem complicações nos primeiros 30 dias. Pode-se concluir que os métodos de avaliação neonatal utilizados são seguros quando interpretados adequadamente e os efeitos da anestesia nos neonatos foram transitórios. O lactato do sangue umbilical pode ser opção na avaliação desses pacientes.

Histological characterization of reproductive tract and fetal annexes of the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus) from Brazil / Caracterização histológica do trato reprodutor e anexos fetais do peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus) do Brasil

The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is one of the most threatened aquatic mammals in Brazil, and is currently classified as "endangered" (MMA). The objective of this study was to characterize histologically the reproductive tract and fetal annexes of stranded manatees in northeastern Brazil. Tissue samples were collected from the reproductive tract of 23 manatees, which were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed using standard histological protocols and stained with hematoxylin eosin. We qualitatively described the histological and histomorphometric characteristics of each structure. Six ovaries were analyzed. In four ovaries, we found a large number of primordial and primary follicles. Two ovaries were different from the others: one had inflammatory infiltration and the other had a thickening in the cortex and absence of follicles. We also analyzed seven uteri (of which four were in the proliferative phase, two in the secretory phase, and one in the recovery phase), four placentas, one vagina, six testes (four were in the immature phase, one in the pubertal phase, and one in the mature phase), two epididymides, two penises, and one umbilical cord. The histological and morphometric findings in our work will support future analyses of the reproductive tract of T. manatus from Brazil.(AU)

O peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus) é um dos mamíferos aquáticos mais ameaçados do Brasil e, atualmente é classificado como "em perigo" (MMA). O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar histologicamente o trato reprodutor e os anexos fetais de peixes-bois marinhos encalhados no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de tecidos do trato reprodutor de 23 peixes-bois marinhos (T. manatus), que foram fixadas em formol tamponado a 10%, processados usando protocolos histológicos padrão e corados com hematoxilina eosina. Foi realizada a descrição qualitativa das características histológicas e histomorfométricas de cada estrutura. Foram analisados seis ovários. Em quatro ovários, foi encontrado um grande número de folículos primordiais e primários. Dois ovários eram diferentes dos outros: um tinha infiltração inflamatória e o outro tinha um espessamento no córtex e ausência de folículos. Também foram analisadas sete amostras uterinas (das quais quatro estavam na fase proliferativa, duas na fase secretória e uma na fase de recuperação), quatro placentas, uma vagina, seis testículos (quatro na fase imatura, um na fase puberal e um na fase madura), dois epidídimos, dois pênis e um cordão umbilical. Os achados histológicos e morfométricos em nosso trabalho apoiarão futuras análises do trato reprodutivo de T. manatus do Brasil.(AU)