Immobilization of mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum in E coli and application for kraft pulp biobleaching / Imobilização de xilanase mutada de Neocallimastix patriciarum em E coli e aplicação para polpa kraft

As an important enzyme, xylanase is widely used in the food, pulp, and textile industry. Different applications of xylanase warrant specific conditions including temperature and pH. This study aimed to carry out sodium alginate beads as carrier to immobilize previous reported mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum which expressed in E. coli, the activity of immobilization of mutated xylanase was elevated about 4% at pH 6 and 13% at 62 °C. Moreover, the immobilized mutated xylanase retained a greater proportion of its activity than the wide type in thermostability. These properties suggested that the immobilization of mutated xylanase has potential to apply in biobleaching industry.

Como importante enzima, a xilanase é amplamente utilizada na indústria alimentícia, de celulose e têxtil. Diferentes aplicações de xilanase garantem condições específicas, incluindo temperatura e pH. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar grânulos de alginato de sódio como carreador para imobilizar xilanase mutada relatada anteriormente de Neocallimastix patriciarum que expressa em E. coli, a atividade de imobilização da xilanase mutada foi elevada em cerca de 4% em pH 6 e 13% a 62 °C. Além disso, a xilanase mutada imobilizada reteve uma proporção maior de sua atividade do que o tipo amplo em termoestabilidade. Essas propriedades sugerem que a imobilização da xilanase mutada tem potencial para aplicação na indústria de biobranqueamento.

Immobilization of mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum in E coli and application for kraft pulp biobleaching / Imobilização de xilanase mutada de Neocallimastix patriciarum em E coli e aplicação para polpa kraft

As an important enzyme, xylanase is widely used in the food, pulp, and textile industry. Different applications of xylanase warrant specific conditions including temperature and pH. This study aimed to carry out sodium alginate beads as carrier to immobilize previous reported mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum which expressed in E. coli, the activity of immobilization of mutated xylanase was elevated about 4% at pH 6 and 13% at 62 °C. Moreover, the immobilized mutated xylanase retained a greater proportion of its activity than the wide type in thermostability. These properties suggested that the immobilization of mutated xylanase has potential to apply in biobleaching industry.(AU)

Como importante enzima, a xilanase é amplamente utilizada na indústria alimentícia, de celulose e têxtil. Diferentes aplicações de xilanase garantem condições específicas, incluindo temperatura e pH. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar grânulos de alginato de sódio como carreador para imobilizar xilanase mutada relatada anteriormente de Neocallimastix patriciarum que expressa em E. coli, a atividade de imobilização da xilanase mutada foi elevada em cerca de 4% em pH 6 e 13% a 62 °C. Além disso, a xilanase mutada imobilizada reteve uma proporção maior de sua atividade do que o tipo amplo em termoestabilidade. Essas propriedades sugerem que a imobilização da xilanase mutada tem potencial para aplicação na indústria de biobranqueamento.(AU)

Brown propolis bioactive compounds as a natural antimicrobial in alginate films applied to Piper nigrum L / Potencial dos compostos bioativos da própolis marrom como antimicrobiano natural em filmes de alginato aplicados na Piper nigrum L

An edible coating of sodium alginate incorporated with brown propolis (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) was applied to black pepper grains to improve microbiological quality over 30 days. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry identified 29 metabolites in the extract, mainly terpene compounds (51.74%), phenolic compounds (25.83%), and flavonoids (14.48%). Brown propolis showed greater antibacterial activity for Gram-positive bacteria (MIC from 0.1 to 0.5 mg.mL-1) and lower activity for Escherichiacoli (MIC 18 mg.mL-1). A 5% increase in propolis in the coating reduced Bacilluscereus counts by 7-fold, 9.4% for Staphylococcusaureus, and 5.4% for mesophilic bacteria. The edible sodium alginate coating containing brown propolis was effective in reducing microbes on black pepper, with a concentration of 15% propolis assuring the microbiological quality of the spice after 20 days.

Revestimento comestível de alginato de sódio incorporado com própolis marrom (2,5%, 5%, 10% e 15%) foi aplicado em grãos de pimenta-do-reino para melhorar a qualidade microbiológica ao longo de 30 dias. Análise de cromatografia gasosa associada à espectrometria de massa identificou 29 metabólitos no extrato, principalmente compostos terpênicos (51,74%), compostos fenólicos (25,83%) e flavonóides (14,48%). A própolis marrom apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana para bactérias Gram-positivas (CIM de 0,1 a 0,5 mg.mL-1) e menor atividade para Escherichia coli (CIM 18 mg.mL-1). Um aumento em 5% no revestimento da própolis reduziu a contagem de Bacillus cereus em sete vezes, 9,4% para Staphylococcus aureus e 5,4% para bactérias mesófilas. O revestimento comestível de alginato de sódio e própolis marrom foi eficaz na redução microbiana da pimenta-do-reino, em que a concentração de 15% de própolis garantiu a qualidade microbiológica da especiaria até 20 dias.

Immobilization of mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum in E. coli and application for kraft pulp biobleaching

Abstract As an important enzyme, xylanase is widely used in the food, pulp, and textile industry. Different applications of xylanase warrant specific conditions including temperature and pH. This study aimed to carry out sodium alginate beads as carrier to immobilize previous reported mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum which expressed in E. coli, the activity of immobilization of mutated xylanase was elevated about 4% at pH 6 and 13% at 62 °C. Moreover, the immobilized mutated xylanase retained a greater proportion of its activity than the wide type in thermostability. These properties suggested that the immobilization of mutated xylanase has potential to apply in biobleaching industry.

Resumo Como importante enzima, a xilanase é amplamente utilizada na indústria alimentícia, de celulose e têxtil. Diferentes aplicações de xilanase garantem condições específicas, incluindo temperatura e pH. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar grânulos de alginato de sódio como carreador para imobilizar xilanase mutada relatada anteriormente de Neocallimastix patriciarum que expressa em E. coli, a atividade de imobilização da xilanase mutada foi elevada em cerca de 4% em pH 6 e 13% a 62 °C. Além disso, a xilanase mutada imobilizada reteve uma proporção maior de sua atividade do que o tipo amplo em termoestabilidade. Essas propriedades sugerem que a imobilização da xilanase mutada tem potencial para aplicação na indústria de biobranqueamento.

Brown propolis bioactive compounds as a natural antimicrobial in alginate films applied to Piper nigrum L / Potencial dos compostos bioativos da própolis marrom como antimicrobiano natural em filmes de alginato aplicados naPiper nigrumL

ABSTRACT: An edible coating of sodium alginate incorporated with brown propolis (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) was applied to black pepper grains to improve microbiological quality over 30 days. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry identified 29 metabolites in the extract, mainly terpene compounds (51.74%), phenolic compounds (25.83%), and flavonoids (14.48%). Brown propolis showed greater antibacterial activity for Gram-positive bacteria (MIC from 0.1 to 0.5 mg.mL-1) and lower activity for Escherichiacoli (MIC 18 mg.mL-1). A 5% increase in propolis in the coating reduced Bacilluscereus counts by 7-fold, 9.4% for Staphylococcusaureus, and 5.4% for mesophilic bacteria. The edible sodium alginate coating containing brown propolis was effective in reducing microbes on black pepper, with a concentration of 15% propolis assuring the microbiological quality of the spice after 20 days.

RESUMO: Revestimento comestível de alginato de sódio incorporado com própolis marrom (2,5%, 5%, 10% e 15%) foi aplicado em grãos de pimenta-do-reino para melhorar a qualidade microbiológica ao longo de 30 dias. Análise de cromatografia gasosa associada à espectrometria de massa identificou 29 metabólitos no extrato, principalmente compostos terpênicos (51,74%), compostos fenólicos (25,83%) e flavonóides (14,48%). A própolis marrom apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana para bactérias Gram-positivas (CIM de 0,1 a 0,5 mg.mL-1) e menor atividade para Escherichia coli (CIM 18 mg.mL-1). Um aumento em 5% no revestimento da própolis reduziu a contagem de Bacillus cereus em sete vezes, 9,4% para Staphylococcus aureus e 5,4% para bactérias mesófilas. O revestimento comestível de alginato de sódio e própolis marrom foi eficaz na redução microbiana da pimenta-do-reino, em que a concentração de 15% de própolis garantiu a qualidade microbiológica da especiaria até 20 dias.

Immobilization of mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum in E. coli and application for kraft pulp biobleaching / Imobilização de xilanase mutada de Neocallimastix patriciarum em E. coli e aplicação para polpa kraft

Abstract As an important enzyme, xylanase is widely used in the food, pulp, and textile industry. Different applications of xylanase warrant specific conditions including temperature and pH. This study aimed to carry out sodium alginate beads as carrier to immobilize previous reported mutated xylanase from Neocallimastix patriciarum which expressed in E. coli, the activity of immobilization of mutated xylanase was elevated about 4% at pH 6 and 13% at 62 °C. Moreover, the immobilized mutated xylanase retained a greater proportion of its activity than the wide type in thermostability. These properties suggested that the immobilization of mutated xylanase has potential to apply in biobleaching industry.

Resumo Como importante enzima, a xilanase é amplamente utilizada na indústria alimentícia, de celulose e têxtil. Diferentes aplicações de xilanase garantem condições específicas, incluindo temperatura e pH. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar grânulos de alginato de sódio como carreador para imobilizar xilanase mutada relatada anteriormente de Neocallimastix patriciarum que expressa em E. coli, a atividade de imobilização da xilanase mutada foi elevada em cerca de 4% em pH 6 e 13% a 62 °C. Além disso, a xilanase mutada imobilizada reteve uma proporção maior de sua atividade do que o tipo amplo em termoestabilidade. Essas propriedades sugerem que a imobilização da xilanase mutada tem potencial para aplicação na indústria de biobranqueamento.

Functional potential and food safety of fresh-cut 'Paluma' guava under edible coatings / Potencial funcional e segurança alimentar de goiaba 'Paluma' minimamente processada sob recobrimentos comestíveis

Guava is a fruit rich in antioxidants and its value can be enhanced by fresh-cut processing, which increases convenience for consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in bioactive compounds, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and microbial quality in slices of fresh-cut (FC) 'Paluma' guava coated with chitosan at 2% (Q), calcium chloride at 1% (CC), calcium chloride at 1% + sodium alginate at 1% (CC + A), calcium chloride at 1% + chitosan at 2% (CC + Q), and control (T - without coating). Coated slices were packed in trays, wrapped with PVC film and kept at 3 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 4% RH for 12 days and evaluated for ascorbic acid, lycopene, ß-carotene, total extractable polyphenols (TEP), and TAA by ABTS+- and DPPH . Ascorbic acid content of slices did not differ by coatings, but TEP was higher in slices coated with Q. The TAA by DPPH was higher in slices coated with Q, however, by ABTS+- it was higher in those coated with Q, CC and CC + Q. No thermotolerant coliforms or Salmonella were detected in FC guava from any treatment. However, slices coated with Q showed the lowest counts of total coliforms and molds and yeasts. Therefore, the application of Q coating provided microbiological safety to FC guava, still maintaining the levels of bioactive compounds and TAA superior to the control slices, which can characterize this as a healthy FC product, with superior functional potential.(AU)

Goiaba é um fruto rico em antioxidantes e pode ser potencializado pelo processamento mínimo, que aumenta a conveniência ao consumo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças nos compostos bioativos, atividade antioxidante total (AAT) e qualidade microbiológica de goiaba 'Paluma' minimamente processada (MP) em fatias e recobertas com quitosana a 2% (Q), cloreto de cálcio a 1% (CC), cloreto de cálcio a 1% + alginato de sódio a 1% (CC + A), cloreto de cálcio a 1% + quitosana a 2% (CC+Q) e testemunha (T - sem recobrimento). Fatias recobertas foram embaladas em bandeja com filme de PVC de 12 µm e mantidas a 3±1 °C e 80±4% U.R durante 12 dias. As avaliações foram ácido ascórbico (AA), licopeno, ß-caroteno, polifenóis extraíveis totais (PET) e atividade antioxidante total (AAT) pelos métodos ABTS+- e DPPH. O conteúdo de AA das fatias não diferiu entre recobrimentos, mas o de PET foi superior nas recobertas com Q. A AAT pelo DPPH foi superior em fatias recobertas com Q, entretanto, pelo ABTS+- foi superior nas recobertas com Q, CC e CC + Q. Não foi detectado coliformes termotolerantes nem Salmonella em goiaba MP de nenhum tratamento. Fatias recobertas com Q apresentaram contagens mais baixas de coliformes e bolores e leveduras. Portanto, a aplicação dos recobrimentos Q conferiu segurança microbiológica à goiaba MP, ainda mantendo os teores de compostos bioativos e TAA superiores às fatias controle, o que pode caracterizar este como um produto MP saudável, com potencial funcional superior.(AU)

Skin burn by termal nattress - a therapeutic approach

Background: Burns are caused by a direct or indirect action of heat on an organism, compromising the functional integrityof the skin. Hypothermia is a common intercurrence in animals during the transoperative period; thermal mattresses areused to maintain the animal’s body temperature, but inappropriate use can cause the patient’s skin to burn. In humans, burnsare quite common; however, in veterinary medicine, they are infrequent. The aim of this study was to describe a case ofaccidental burn in a canine caused by a thermal mattress, emphasizing wound treatment and analgesia used.Case: A 12-year-old male canine without defined breed weighing 15 kg underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomydue to rupture of a spleen mass and presented with intercurrence hypothermia during the anesthesia procedure, which wascontrolled using a thermal mattress. Ten days after the surgical procedure, he developed a skin lesion with erythema, suffusion, and necrosis, evolving skin displacement along the entire back with a lot of pain which was possibly caused by theuse of a thermal mattress in the transoperative procedure. The intuited analgesic treatment involved the use of numerousand different drugs, including Methadone (0.3 mg/kg, QID, SC), Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, IV), and Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg,TID, SC) (during hospitalization), as well as Tramadol (4 mg/kg, TID, PO) and Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, PO) after medicalrelease as support therapy. For the wound treatment, calcium alginate was initially used daily and subsequently changedfor daily application of dermisana oil. The patient followed up weekly for approximately two months for wound monitoring as well as adjustments to the drug therapy. The would almost completely healed, but the patient showed a significantworsening in the general clinical condition correlated with the neoplasm that he had, and the owner and clinical staff ofthe veterinary hospital opted for euthanasia...

Skin burn by termal nattress - a therapeutic approach

Background: Burns are caused by a direct or indirect action of heat on an organism, compromising the functional integrityof the skin. Hypothermia is a common intercurrence in animals during the transoperative period; thermal mattresses areused to maintain the animals body temperature, but inappropriate use can cause the patients skin to burn. In humans, burnsare quite common; however, in veterinary medicine, they are infrequent. The aim of this study was to describe a case ofaccidental burn in a canine caused by a thermal mattress, emphasizing wound treatment and analgesia used.Case: A 12-year-old male canine without defined breed weighing 15 kg underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomydue to rupture of a spleen mass and presented with intercurrence hypothermia during the anesthesia procedure, which wascontrolled using a thermal mattress. Ten days after the surgical procedure, he developed a skin lesion with erythema, suffusion, and necrosis, evolving skin displacement along the entire back with a lot of pain which was possibly caused by theuse of a thermal mattress in the transoperative procedure. The intuited analgesic treatment involved the use of numerousand different drugs, including Methadone (0.3 mg/kg, QID, SC), Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, IV), and Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg,TID, SC) (during hospitalization), as well as Tramadol (4 mg/kg, TID, PO) and Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, PO) after medicalrelease as support therapy. For the wound treatment, calcium alginate was initially used daily and subsequently changedfor daily application of dermisana oil. The patient followed up weekly for approximately two months for wound monitoring as well as adjustments to the drug therapy. The would almost completely healed, but the patient showed a significantworsening in the general clinical condition correlated with the neoplasm that he had, and the owner and clinical staff ofthe veterinary hospital opted for euthanasia...(AU)

Evaluation of wound healing effect of alginate film containing aloe vera gel and cross-linked with zinc chloride

Purpose To develop a new wound dressing composed of alginate and Aloe vera gel and cross-linked with zinc ions. Methods The aloe-alginate film was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling profile, mechanical properties, polysaccharide content and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thirty Wistar rats were divided in two groups a) treated with aloe-alginate film and b) control (treated with sterile gauze). Wound contraction measurements and hystological analysis were performed on 7th, 14th and 21st days after wound surgery. Results The aloe-alginate film presented adequated mechanical resistance and malleability for application as wound dressing. There was no statistical difference in wound contraction between two groups. Histological assay demonstrated that aloe-alginate film presented anti-inflammatory activity, stimulated angiogenesis on proliferative phase and a more significant increased in collagen type I fibers and decreased type III fibers which promoted a mature scar formation when compared to control. Conclusions The aloe-alginate film showed adequate physicochemical characteristics for wound dressing applications. The in vivo assay demonstrated that aloe-alginate film enhanced the healing process of incisional skin wounds.(AU)

Barley seed coating with urease and phosphatase to improve N and P uptake

In this work, barley seed coating with urease and phosphatase, free and immobilized in humic acids, was studied as a tool to enhance the use efficiency of N and P by plants. The seeds were encapsulated in gels of Ca-alginate by a method that allows gelation of the polymer, containing enzymes, from the surface of seeds outward. The coating process did not affect seed germination. A pot experiment with the coated seeds was carried out. The seed coating with free enzymes increased soil ammonium-N (NH4+-N) and inorganic P up to 39 and 54 %, respectively, and up to 62 and 64 %, with the immobilized enzymes, in comparison with control pots. Seed coating improved N (47-137 %) and P (29-61 %) uptake by plants. Moreover, a synergistic response in N and P uptake with both urease and phosphatase was observed. It can be concluded that the seed coating with urease and phosphatase exerted a positive effect enhancing the use of N and P by plants, which could lead to the development of natural fertilizers, minimizing the application of chemical fertilizers.

Barley seed coating with urease and phosphatase to improve N and P uptake

In this work, barley seed coating with urease and phosphatase, free and immobilized in humic acids, was studied as a tool to enhance the use efficiency of N and P by plants. The seeds were encapsulated in gels of Ca-alginate by a method that allows gelation of the polymer, containing enzymes, from the surface of seeds outward. The coating process did not affect seed germination. A pot experiment with the coated seeds was carried out. The seed coating with free enzymes increased soil ammonium-N (NH4+-N) and inorganic P up to 39 and 54 %, respectively, and up to 62 and 64 %, with the immobilized enzymes, in comparison with control pots. Seed coating improved N (47-137 %) and P (29-61 %) uptake by plants. Moreover, a synergistic response in N and P uptake with both urease and phosphatase was observed. It can be concluded that the seed coating with urease and phosphatase exerted a positive effect enhancing the use of N and P by plants, which could lead to the development of natural fertilizers, minimizing the application of chemical fertilizers.(AU)

Use of Duddingtonia flagrans in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of feedlot goats / Utilização de Duddingtonia flagrans no controle dos nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos mantidos em confinamento

This study aimed to evaluate the use of a sodium alginate matrix-pelletized formulation of Duddingtonia flagrans for biological control of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in feedlot goats in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. We used 20 Saanen female goats (age, 4 months; average weight, 12 kg) that did not receive anthelmintic treatment and had counting of eggs per gram of faeces (EPGs) ≥ 500. The animals were divided into two groups: in group 1 (D. flagrans group), each animal received 3 g of pellets (0.6 g of D. flagrans mycelium) per 10 kg of body weight, twice a week, over 4 months; and in group 2 (control group), each animal received 3 g of pellets without fungus per 10 kg of body weight, twice a week, over 4 months. Each group was maintained in a separate 15-m2 stall. Larval cultures and measurements of weight, EPG, and packed cell volume (PCV) were performed every 15 days. We observed low EPG levels in the D. flagrans group throughout the experimental period, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) on day 30 and from day 60, having, at the end of the experiment, average OPG values of only 150, reduction of 92.3% when compared to control group. Haemonchus sp. was the most prevalent helminth in all larval cultures. The D. flagrans group showed a mean weight gain of 8.8 kg at the end of the experiment (p < 0.05), while the control group showed a mean weight gain of 4.8 kg. The best PCV results (p < 0.05) were also observed in the D. flagrans group from day 30. Thus, the use of D. flagrans pellets in a sodium alginate matrix was effective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodiasis of feedlot goats in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil.

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização da formulação peletizada em matriz de alginato de sódio de Duddingtonia flagrans no controle biológico das nematodeoses gastrintestinais de caprinos mantidos em confinamento no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro. Foram utilizados 20 caprinos da raça Saanen, fêmeas, com quatro meses de idade, média de peso de 12 kg, sem tratamento anti-helmíntico prévio e com contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) ≥ 500. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1, cada animal recebeu na ração 3 g de péletes (0,6 g de micélio fúngico de D. flagrans) para cada 10 kg de peso vivo, duas vezes por semana, durante quatro meses; grupo 2, cada animal recebeu na ração 3 g de péletes sem fungos para cada 10 kg de peso vivo, duas vezes por semana, durante quatro meses, servindo como grupo controle. Cada grupo permaneceu em uma baia de 15 m2. Foram realizadas contagens de OPG, determinação de volume globular (VG), coproculturas e pesagem dos animais a cada 15 dias. Observaram-se baixos valores de OPG no grupo D. flagrans durante todo o experimento, com diferença significativa (p < 0,05) no dia 30 e a partir do dia 60, tendo, ao final do experimento, valores médios de OPG de apenas 150. No grupo Controle, a contagem final foi de 1950 OPG. Haemonchus sp. foi o gênero de helminto mais prevalente em todas as coproculturas. O grupo D. flagrans apresentou média de ganho de peso de 8,8 kg ao final do experimento e o grupo Controle, 4,8 kg (p < 0,05). Também foram observados os melhores índices de VG (p < 0,05) no grupo D. flagrans a partir do dia 30. Concluiu-se que a utilização de péletes em matriz de alginato de sódio de D. flagrans foi eficaz no controle das nematodeoses gastrintestinais de caprinos mantidos em confinamento no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro.

Use of Duddingtonia flagrans in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of feedlot goats / Utilização de Duddingtonia flagrans no controle dos nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos mantidos em confinamento

This study aimed to evaluate the use of a sodium alginate matrix-pelletized formulation of Duddingtonia flagrans for biological control of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in feedlot goats in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. We used 20 Saanen female goats (age, 4 months; average weight, 12 kg) that did not receive anthelmintic treatment and had counting of eggs per gram of faeces (EPGs) ≥ 500. The animals were divided into two groups: in group 1 (D. flagrans group), each animal received 3 g of pellets (0.6 g of D. flagrans mycelium) per 10 kg of body weight, twice a week, over 4 months; and in group 2 (control group), each animal received 3 g of pellets without fungus per 10 kg of body weight, twice a week, over 4 months. Each group was maintained in a separate 15-m2 stall. Larval cultures and measurements of weight, EPG, and packed cell volume (PCV) were performed every 15 days. We observed low EPG levels in the D. flagrans group throughout the experimental period, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) on day 30 and from day 60, having, at the end of the experiment, average OPG values of only 150, reduction of 92.3% when compared to control group. Haemonchus sp. was the most prevalent helminth in all larval cultures. The D. flagrans group showed a mean weight gain of 8.8 kg at the end of the experiment (p < 0.05), while the control group showed a mean weight gain of 4.8 kg. The best PCV results (p < 0.05) were also observed in the D. flagrans group from day 30. Thus, the use of D. flagrans pellets in a sodium alginate matrix was effective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodiasis of feedlot goats in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização da formulação peletizada em matriz de alginato de sódio de Duddingtonia flagrans no controle biológico das nematodeoses gastrintestinais de caprinos mantidos em confinamento no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro. Foram utilizados 20 caprinos da raça Saanen, fêmeas, com quatro meses de idade, média de peso de 12 kg, sem tratamento anti-helmíntico prévio e com contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) ≥ 500. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1, cada animal recebeu na ração 3 g de péletes (0,6 g de micélio fúngico de D. flagrans) para cada 10 kg de peso vivo, duas vezes por semana, durante quatro meses; grupo 2, cada animal recebeu na ração 3 g de péletes sem fungos para cada 10 kg de peso vivo, duas vezes por semana, durante quatro meses, servindo como grupo controle. Cada grupo permaneceu em uma baia de 15 m2. Foram realizadas contagens de OPG, determinação de volume globular (VG), coproculturas e pesagem dos animais a cada 15 dias. Observaram-se baixos valores de OPG no grupo D. flagrans durante todo o experimento, com diferença significativa (p < 0,05) no dia 30 e a partir do dia 60, tendo, ao final do experimento, valores médios de OPG de apenas 150. No grupo Controle, a contagem final foi de 1950 OPG. Haemonchus sp. foi o gênero de helminto mais prevalente em todas as coproculturas. O grupo D. flagrans apresentou média de ganho de peso de 8,8 kg ao final do experimento e o grupo Controle, 4,8 kg (p < 0,05). Também foram observados os melhores índices de VG (p < 0,05) no grupo D. flagrans a partir do dia 30. Concluiu-se que a utilização de péletes em matriz de alginato de sódio de D. flagrans foi eficaz no controle das nematodeoses gastrintestinais de caprinos mantidos em confinamento no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro.(AU)

Desempenho germinativo de sementes de soja revestidas com polímeros hidrofílicos / Germinative performance of soybean seeds coated with hidrophyl polymers

O uso de polímeros biodegradáveis e biocompatíveis no revestimento de sementes tem se tornado importante devido às suas propriedades biológicas desejáveis e renováveis. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de polímeros hidrofílicos sobre a embebição e atributos fisiológicos de sementes de soja, cultivar NK 7059 RR. As sementes foram submetidas ao revestimento com os polímeros amido de mandioca, alginato de sódio e álcool polivinílico em quatro concentrações, sendo 0, 2, 4 e 6%. A embebição foi avaliada em intervalos de três horas durante 24 horas, totalizando oito avaliações. Para a qualidade fisiológica as sementes foram submetidas aos testes de primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência em casa de vegetação, índice de velocidade de emergência e condutividade elétrica. Os polímeros utilizados no presente estudo aumentam o percentual de embebição das sementes, principalmente o alginato de sódio na concentração de 4%. O revestimento com alginato de sódio afeta a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. De maneira geral, quanto maior a concentração dos polímeros, maior a interferência negativa no desempenho fisiológico das sementes.(AU)

The use of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers in seeds coated has become important due to their desirable and renewable biological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biopolymers on the imbibition and physiological attributes of soybean seeds, NK 7059 RR cultivar. The seeds were coated with cassava starch, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol biopolymers at four different concentrations 0, 2, 4 and 6%. The imbibition was evaluated at three hour intervals for 24 hours, totaling eight evaluations. For physiological quality the seeds were submitted to the tests of first germination count, germination, germination speed index, accelerated aging, greenhouse emergence, emergence speed index and electrical conductivity. The polymers used in the present study increase the percentage of seed soaking, especially sodium alginate at a concentration of 4%. The increase in the concentration of polymers negatively affects seedling emergence, and in the case of sodium alginate it reduces germination and seeds vigor.(AU)

Desempenho germinativo de sementes de soja revestidas com polímeros hidrofílicos / Germinative performance of soybean seeds coated with hidrophyl polymers

O uso de polímeros biodegradáveis e biocompatíveis no revestimento de sementes tem se tornado importante devido às suas propriedades biológicas desejáveis e renováveis. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de polímeros hidrofílicos sobre a embebição e atributos fisiológicos de sementes de soja, cultivar NK 7059 RR. As sementes foram submetidas ao revestimento com os polímeros amido de mandioca, alginato de sódio e álcool polivinílico em quatro concentrações, sendo 0, 2, 4 e 6%. A embebição foi avaliada em intervalos de três horas durante 24 horas, totalizando oito avaliações. Para a qualidade fisiológica as sementes foram submetidas aos testes de primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência em casa de vegetação, índice de velocidade de emergência e condutividade elétrica. Os polímeros utilizados no presente estudo aumentam o percentual de embebição das sementes, principalmente o alginato de sódio na concentração de 4%. O revestimento com alginato de sódio afeta a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. De maneira geral, quanto maior a concentração dos polímeros, maior a interferência negativa no desempenho fisiológico das sementes.

The use of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers in seeds coated has become important due to their desirable and renewable biological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biopolymers on the imbibition and physiological attributes of soybean seeds, NK 7059 RR cultivar. The seeds were coated with cassava starch, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol biopolymers at four different concentrations 0, 2, 4 and 6%. The imbibition was evaluated at three hour intervals for 24 hours, totaling eight evaluations. For physiological quality the seeds were submitted to the tests of first germination count, germination, germination speed index, accelerated aging, greenhouse emergence, emergence speed index and electrical conductivity. The polymers used in the present study increase the percentage of seed soaking, especially sodium alginate at a concentration of 4%. The increase in the concentration of polymers negatively affects seedling emergence, and in the case of sodium alginate it reduces germination and seeds vigor.

Pathogenic potential of Brucella ovis field isolates with different genotypic profile and protection provided by the vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA against B. ovis field isolates in mice / Vacina viva atenuada Brucella ovis Δ abcBA encapsulada protege camundongos frente a desafios de B. ovis isoladas de campo

Brucella ovis causes economic and reproductive losses in sheep herds. The goal of this study was to characterize infection with B. ovis field isolates in a murine model, and to evaluate protection induced by the candidate vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA in mice challenged with these field isolates. B. ovis field strains were able to colonize and cause lesions in the liver and spleen of infected mice. After an initial screening, two strains were selected for further characterization (B. ovis 94 AV and B. ovis 266 L). Both strains had in vitro growth kinetics that was similar to that of the reference strain B. ovis ATCC 25840. Vaccination with B. ovis ΔabcBA encapsulated with 1% alginate was protective against the challenge with field strains, with the following protection indexes: 0.751, 1.736, and 2.746, for mice challenged with B. ovis ATCC25840, B. ovis 94 AV, and B. ovis 266 L, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that B. ovis field strains were capable of infecting and inducing lesions in experimentally infected mice. The attenuated vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA induced protection in mice challenged with different B. ovis field isolates, resulting in higher protection indexes against more pathogenic strains.(AU)

Brucella ovis é responsável por perdas econômicas e reprodutivas em rebanhos ovinos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a infecção com as cepas isoladas de campo de B. ovis em modelo murino e avaliar a eficiência vacinal da mutante B. ovis ΔabcAB para proteção contra desafio com as cepas isoladas de campo. Foram utilizadas sete cepas isoladas de campo foram capazes de colonizar e provocar lesões no fígado e no baço de camundongos após sete dias pós-infecção. Após triagem, duas cepas foram selecionadas para a melhor caracterização (B. ovis 94 AV and B. ovis 266L). Ambas apresentaram crescimento em placa de cultivo semelhante ao da cepa de referência B. ovis ATCC 25840. A vacinação com a cepa de Brucella ovis ΔabcBA encapsulada com alginato a 1% foi capaz de proteger camundongos desafiados com as cepas isoladas de campo, com os seguintes índices de proteção: 0,751, 1,736 e 2,746, para camundongos desafiados com B. ovis ATCC 25840, B. ovis 94 AV e B. ovis 266 L, respectivamente. Estes resultados demonstraram que as cepas isoladas de campo de B. ovis são capazes de infectar e induzir lesão em camundongos experimentalmente infectados. O uso da cepa mutante atenuada B. ovis ΔabcBA para vacinação de fêmeas C57BL/6 desafiados com diferentes cepas de B. ovis induziu proteção nos camundongos desafiados com diferentes cepas de B. ovis. Deste modo, mostrando-se eficiente na proteção das cepas de campo de B. ovis.(AU)

Pathogenic potential of Brucella ovis field isolates with different genotypic profile and protection provided by the vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA against B. ovis field isolates in mice / Vacina viva atenuada Brucella ovis Δ abcBA encapsulada protege camundongos frente a desafios de B. ovis isoladas de campo

Brucella ovis causes economic and reproductive losses in sheep herds. The goal of this study was to characterize infection with B. ovis field isolates in a murine model, and to evaluate protection induced by the candidate vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA in mice challenged with these field isolates. B. ovis field strains were able to colonize and cause lesions in the liver and spleen of infected mice. After an initial screening, two strains were selected for further characterization (B. ovis 94 AV and B. ovis 266 L). Both strains had in vitro growth kinetics that was similar to that of the reference strain B. ovis ATCC 25840. Vaccination with B. ovis ΔabcBA encapsulated with 1% alginate was protective against the challenge with field strains, with the following protection indexes: 0.751, 1.736, and 2.746, for mice challenged with B. ovis ATCC25840, B. ovis 94 AV, and B. ovis 266 L, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that B. ovis field strains were capable of infecting and inducing lesions in experimentally infected mice. The attenuated vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA induced protection in mice challenged with different B. ovis field isolates, resulting in higher protection indexes against more pathogenic strains.(AU)

Brucella ovis é responsável por perdas econômicas e reprodutivas em rebanhos ovinos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a infecção com as cepas isoladas de campo de B. ovis em modelo murino e avaliar a eficiência vacinal da mutante B. ovis ΔabcAB para proteção contra desafio com as cepas isoladas de campo. Foram utilizadas sete cepas isoladas de campo foram capazes de colonizar e provocar lesões no fígado e no baço de camundongos após sete dias pós-infecção. Após triagem, duas cepas foram selecionadas para a melhor caracterização (B. ovis 94 AV and B. ovis 266L). Ambas apresentaram crescimento em placa de cultivo semelhante ao da cepa de referência B. ovis ATCC 25840. A vacinação com a cepa de Brucella ovis ΔabcBA encapsulada com alginato a 1% foi capaz de proteger camundongos desafiados com as cepas isoladas de campo, com os seguintes índices de proteção: 0,751, 1,736 e 2,746, para camundongos desafiados com B. ovis ATCC 25840, B. ovis 94 AV e B. ovis 266 L, respectivamente. Estes resultados demonstraram que as cepas isoladas de campo de B. ovis são capazes de infectar e induzir lesão em camundongos experimentalmente infectados. O uso da cepa mutante atenuada B. ovis ΔabcBA para vacinação de fêmeas C57BL/6 desafiados com diferentes cepas de B. ovis induziu proteção nos camundongos desafiados com diferentes cepas de B. ovis. Deste modo, mostrando-se eficiente na proteção das cepas de campo de B. ovis.(AU)

Influence of the geometry of nanostructured hydroxyapatite and alginate composites in the initial phase of bone repair

Purpose:To analyze, histomorphologically, the influence of the geometry of nanostructured hydroxyapatite and alginate (HAn/Alg) composites in the initial phase of the bone repair.Methods:Fifteen rats were distributed to three groups: MiHA - bone defect filled with HAn/Alg microspheres; GrHA - bone defect filled with HAn/Alg granules; and DV - empty bone defect; evaluated after 15 days postoperatively. The experimental surgical model was the critical bone defect, ≅8.5 mm, in rat calvaria. After euthanasia the specimens were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius and Masson-Goldners trichrome.Results:The histomorphologic analysis showed, in the MiHA, deposition of osteoid matrix within some microspheres and circumjacent to the others, near the bone edges. In GrHA, the deposition of this matrix was scarce inside and adjacent to the granules. In these two groups, chronic granulomatous inflammation was noted, more evident in GrHA. In the DV, it was observed bone neoformation restricted to the bone edges and formation of connective tissue with reduced thickness in relation to the bone edges, throughout the defect.Conclusion:The geometry of the biomaterials was determinant in the tissue response, since the microspheres showed more favorable to the bone regeneration in relation to the granules.(AU)

Revestimento edível usando alginato de sódio incorporado com óleo essencial de cravo e extrato de própolis verde na conservação de Mytella guyanensis / Edible coating using clove essential oil and green propolis extract incorporated sodium alginate on the conservation of Mytella guyanensis

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do revestimento edível a base de extrato de própolis verde e óleo de cravo em amostras de sururu (Mytella guyanensis). Foram elaboradas três soluções de revestimento: óleo essencial de cravo a 2 mg.m-1(OEC); própolis verde a 2% (PV2%) e própolis verde a 2% + OEC a 2 mg. mL-1(PV2%+OEC). Sururu sem revestimento foi usado como controle. As amostras foram embaladas e armazenadas a 5°C por 12 dias e realizadas análises microbiológicas (bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, coliformes a 35°C e a 45°C) e físico-químicas (bases voláteis totais e pH) em intervalos de 0, 4, 8 e 12 dias. Os revestimentos edíveis apresentaram baixa redução na carga microbiana de mesófilos, porém com redução significativa (p<0,05) na redução de coliformes a 45°C ( PV2% > PV2%+OEC > OEC). A aplicação de revestimento edível a base de PV2% e PV2%+OEC é uma alternativa eficiente para a redução da carga microbiana de coliformes em amostras de sururu refrigerado.(AU)