Human disturbance affects behavioural time allocation in a fiddler crab (Austruca annulipes) in Southern Thailand

Human disturbances affect the macroinvertebrate populations in coastal regions. They respond to disturbances by altering their density and behaviour. Therefore, many of them are used as bioindicator species of human disturbance. Here, we pioneer the use of fiddler crabs to examine whether they alter their behaviour under human disturbance. Male fiddler crabs possess one large claw used for courting (waving) and fighting, and one small feeding claw, whereas females have two feeding claws. They show several surface activities. This study investigates (1) the effects of human disturbance on density and sex-ratio, and (2) the effects of human disturbance, and sex on behavioural time allocations in Austruca annulipes. Their density, sex-ratio, and time allocations were investigated in human-disturbed area (DA) and nondisturbed area (NDA). They showed feeding, feeding and walking, walking, running, standing/vigilance, inside burrows, burrowing, grooming, fighting, and waving. The results showed that crab density was higher and the sex ratio was more male biased in NDA than in DA. Human disturbance and sex affected time allocations but their interaction had no effect. Crabs in DA spent more time running, standing, and inside burrows but less time walking, burrowing, fighting, and waving than crabs in NDA. Between sexes, males spent more time standing, burrowing, grooming, and fighting but less time feeding, and walking than females. This indicates that human disturbances force the crabs to spend more time on anti-predator and escape behavior (standing/vigilance, running, inside burrows) rather than courting (waving) and constructing burrows (mating/breeding sites), which are important for breeding.(AU)

Effect of the performance, calving date and lactation period on the probability of pregnancy in beef cows

Determining what and how much each environmental factor affects pregnancy is crucial to the sustainability and management of beef cow herds. The study evaluated through logistic regression the effect of environmental variables on the increase or reduction in the pregnancy rate of beef cows. The average pregnancy rate in the cows was 73 %, with an average age for the herd of 3.7 years. An increase in age of one year represented a 30 % increase in pregnancy, while a reduction of one year reduced the odds of pregnancy in the cows by 23 %. During the lactation period, an extra seven days' lactation reduced the odds of pregnancy by 12 %. For every seven days that weaning was brought forward, the cows' pregnancy odds increased by 14 %. An increase of 0.1 kg in average daily gain represented an increase of 17 % and 15 % in the odds of pregnancy during the first 60 days post-partum and 60 days to the end of the reproductive period. On the other hand, the loss of 0.1 kg in average daily gain resulted in a 14 % and 13 % reduction in the cows' pregnancy odds, respectively. Factors such as age, the precocity of calving in the calving season, the time the calf remains with the cow and better performance in cows between calving and the end of the mating are strategies that increase the chances of pregnancy in beef cows.(AU)

Sex and animal behavior on yield and bruises in different beef cuts / Sexo e comportamento animal no rendimento e contusões em diferentes cortes de carcaça de bovinos

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of behavioral differences in cattle on bruising on different cuts and on carcass yield. A total of 4,061 lots of cattle were evaluated, which corresponded to 199,026 carcasses. Animal temperament was classified as calm, anxious, or excited. The following carcass cuts were evaluated: round, rump, shin, thin flank, tenderloin, and rib. Of the total number of slaughtered animals, 68.26% had at least one type of bruise with complete removal of the affected tissue. There was an interaction effect between sex and temperament on the occurrence of bruises on the different cuts and on carcass yield. In castrated males, bruises on the round, rump, shin, and tenderloin cuts did not differ between temperament classes, but the excited males showed more bruises on the thin flank and rib cuts. Among the females, for all cuts, the number of bruises was higher (P<0.05) in those with excited temperament than in the anxious and calm animals, which did not differ (P>0.05). Additionally, carcass yield relative to plant weight decreased (P<0.05), with the calm females exhibiting the highest values, followed by those with anxious and excited temperament. In the castrated males, however, although performance declined, those with anxious and excited temperament did not differ (P>0.05). Females and more reactive animals have more bruises on their carcass.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos das diferenças comportamentais dos bovinos e seus reflexos nas contusões nos diferentes cortes e nos valores de rendimento de carcaça. Foram avaliados 4.061 lotes de bovinos, perfazendo 199.026 mil carcaças. O temperamento animal foi classificado em calmo, ansioso e excitado. Foram avaliados os cortes das carcaças divididas em coxa, alcatra, dianteiro e lombo, vazio e costela. Do total de lotes de animais abatidos, 68,26% apresentaram pelo menos um tipo de contusão com remoção completa do tecido afetado. Ocorreu interação entre o sexo e temperamento animal para os diferentes cortes na ocorrência de contusões e no rendimento de carcaça. Nos machos castrados as contusões dos cortes da coxa, alcatra, dianteiro e lombo não diferiram entre as classes de temperamento, tendo os animais agressivos mais contusões nos cortes do vazio e costela. Nas fêmeas em todos os cortes, as quantidades de contusões verificadas foram superiores (P<0,05) para animais com comportamento excitado do que animais ansiosos e calmos, não ocorrendo diferença entre os mesmos (P>0,05). O rendimento de carcaça em relação do peso de frigorífico quanto as classes comportamentais, nas fêmeas foi decrescente (P<0,05) com maiores valores para animais calmos, seguidos dos animais ansiosos e com menores rendimentos para animais com temperamento excitado, enquanto nos machos castrados, embora o rendimento tenha sido decrescente, animais com temperamento ansioso e excitado não diferiram (P>0,05). Carcaças oriundas de fêmeas e de animais com maior reatividade apresentam mais lesões.(AU)

Nutrição de peixes ornamentais / Fish nutrition ornamental

Já é de conhecimento que a piscicultura é o setor de produção animal que mais cresce no mundo (FAO, 2018), e a piscicultura ornamental merece destaque pelo grande crescimento que demonstrou nos últimos anos. Entre os anos de 2001 e 2016, as exportações internacionais de peixes ornamentais cresceram mais de 84% (International Trade Centre, 2018), e os principais importadores são Estados Unidos, China e Reino Unido (Trend Economy, 2020). Apesar do grande potencial da piscicultura ornamental, no Brasil essa atividade ainda é pouco expressiva e a produção não é capaz de abastecer o mercado interno, principalmente dos maiores mercados consumidores, localizados na região Sudeste (Anjos et al., 2009; Fernandes et al., 2016). Assim, a coleta extrativa de peixes ornamentais, principalmente na Bacia Amazônica, é a principal responsável pelas importações de peixes nativos ornamentais, tanto em quantidade quanto em variedade de espécies ( Junk et al., 2007). Como consequência, são poucos os estudos que abordam nutrição e desempenho, principalmente de larvas de peixes ornamentais (Degani, 1993), e grande parte dos estudos nutricionais para essas espécies são baseados nas metodologias convencionais para peixes de corte (Sales e Janssens, 2003). Esses estudos são importantes para definir as exigências nutricionais e dar suporte para formulações adequadas para as principais espécies de peixes ornamentais, visando não apenas à produção e à saúde dos peixes, mas também às qualidades estéticas de cada espécie e à qualidade da água.(AU)

Reprodução de procionídeos / Procyonids reproduction

Poucas informações a respeito da biologia dos procionídeos estão disponíveis para quem busca conhecer mais sobre essas espécies. Entretanto, alguns estudos a respeito da reprodução destes animais foram realizados. As principais espécies encontradas no Brasil são o quati, o guaxinim e o jupará, e, dentre esses, o quati se destaca por ser o que possui o maior número de informações reprodutivas. A maioria dos procionídeos aparece como espécies não ameaçadas, porém a falta de informações sobre estes animais pode fazer com que estes dados possam estar defasados. É importante o conhecimento reprodutivo dos procionídeos pois, devido as ações antrópicas que ocasionam a perda de habitat natural, essas espécies, em breve, podem entrar para a lista de animais ameaçados de extinção. Assim, esse artigo tem como objetivo descrever alguns dados por meios de estudos reprodutivos que podem auxiliar ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação dessas espécies.(AU)

Little information about the biology of procyonids is available for those who want to know more about these species. However, some studies regarding the reproduction of these animals were developed. The main species found in Brazil are coati, raccoon, and kinkajou, among which the coati stands out for being the one with the highest number of reproductive information. Most procyonids appear as non-threatened species, but the lack of information about these animals may cause these data to be outdated. Reproductive knowledge of procyonids is important because, due to anthropic actions that cause loss of natural habitat, these species may soon enter on the list of endangered animals. Thus, this article aims to describe some data by means of reproductive studies that can help to develop conservation strategies for these species.(AU)

Studies of Brazilian birds along altitudinal gradients: a critical review

Brazil is home to many mountain ranges which harbor diverse avifauna. However, studies on the altitudinal distribution of Brazilian birds are still few and many have never been published, hampering both the dissemination of basic information and conservation actions. Here we present a critical review of ornithological studies undertaken in Brazilian mountain ranges, and propose a classification of geographic scope, altitudinal gradient, and methodology. Since 1922, 184 ornithological studies included altitude in some way in Brazil, encompassing a variety of research topics and species. About a quarter of these studies were never published in peer-reviewed journals, and 39% do not provide basic data on elevation nor link the bird species with sampling plots, thus limiting their applicability. The majority of studies are concentrated (83%) in southern and southeastern Brazil, especially in the Serra do Mar range, and so most data are associated with the Atlantic Forest. Gaps remain in other regions, such as Amazonia (Pantepui region). Most studies either did not sample the entire elevation gradient, were not standardized, lacked explicit hypothesis, or did not account for a seasonal sampling embracing the four seasons of the year, so interpretation of the observed patterns remains difficult. With this compilation, we organize the available information and point to future altitudinal research on birds, in addition to highlighting the importance of preserving habitats along altitudinal gradients in the mountainous regions in Brazil.(AU)

Effects of animal type, handling, and transportation conditions on beef cattle temperament pre-slaughter / Efeito do tipo animal, manejo e condições de transporte no temperamento pré-abate de bovinos de corte

This study aimed to investigate the effects of animal type, on-farm handling, and transport conditions on temperament of beef cattle pre-slaughter. The study evaluated 4,061 cattle batches, averaging 49 animals, with a total of 199,026 cattle. Temperament was evaluated through a behavioral assessment carried out based on the temperament shown by cattle when approached by humans. One of three different temperament scores were assigned to each batch: calm, anxious, or excitable. Excitable temperament was reported in animals subjected to long transport time and distance and high loading density. The degree of carcass fatness was higher in calm animals, followed by anxious animals, with the excited temperament animals having the lowest carcass fatness degree. Older animals showed more excitable temperament, while younger animals showed calmer temperament. The excitable temperament was more evident in horned animals in relation to polled animals. Animal temperament was more reactive in batches with older cattle, low carcass fatness degree, and with more than 20% horned animals. Good handling and loading facilities and procedures at the farm contributed to adequate cattle temperament expression prior to slaughter.

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de variáveis relacionadas às condições de manejo e de transporte na expressão do temperamento pré-abate de bovinos de corte. Foram avaliados 4.061 lotes, com média de 49 animais, totalizando 199.026 bovinos. O temperamento foi avaliado por meio da expressão comportamental dos lotes diante da aproximação humana. Foram atribuídas três diferentes classificações de temperamento: "calmo", "ansioso" ou "excitável". Verificou-se temperamento excitável em animais submetidos a longos tempos de transporte, a grandes distâncias e à alta densidade de carga. O grau de gordura na carcaça foi mais elevado em animais "calmos", seguidos dos animais "ansiosos", e menor em animais de temperamento "excitado". Os animais com temperamento excitável eram mais velhos, e aqueles com temperamento calmo eram mais jovem. O temperamento excitável foi mais evidente em animais com a presença de chifres. O temperamento animal foi mais reativo em lotes de bovinos mais velhos, com baixo grau de gordura de carcaça e com mais de 20% de animais com presença de chifres. Boas instalações e condições apropriadas de manejo e de carregamento dos animais contribuem para a expressão adequada do temperamento dos bovinos no pré-abate.

The impact of training on stockpersons' behaviour and cows' fear response

In tropical developing regions, such as Brazil, animal welfare (AW) has been gaining increasing attention, while stockperson job satisfaction, which is intimately related to AW, is often neglected. This research evaluated the effects of AW training on stockpersons' attitudes and behaviour towards dairy cows and the impact on cows' fear of humans. Ten dairy farms with pasture-based systems where animal handlers are farm owners or employees were selected from three regions of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The experiment consisted of four stages: 1) Selection of pasture-based dairy farms; 2) First assessment of attitudes, human behaviour, and cows' flight distance (day one ­ D1); 3) Pre-assessment of owners' and employees' AW knowledge, and training (day two ­ D2); and 4) Final assessment of attitudes, human behaviour, cows' flight distance, and owners' and employees' AW knowledge (day three ­ D3), focusing on the training's effects on human attitudes and behaviour, and cows' fear of humans. Among owners and employees, positive attitudes were more often expressed, and negative attitudes were less frequent on day three (D3) after training. Nevertheless, the expression of positive attitudes by farm owners was less common compared to employees. Stockpersons manifested positive behaviour more frequently at D3 than on day one (D1), before training, in contrast to negative behaviour at D1. Taking all cow handling observations together, including those before and after training, the greatest percentage of negative behaviour was at the time of moving the cows from the holding area to the milking stalls (18% of all observed human behaviour), followed by moving cows out of the milking parlour (17%), positioning cows for milking (15%) and placing/removing the milking suction devices (1%). Positive human behaviour usually occurred when moving cows from the holding area to the milking stalls (21%) and during the positioning of cows for milking (19%). After training, cows' flight distances decreased. In conclusion, the training may have promoted positive human behaviour and reduced the number of fearful cows. Therefore, AW training may positively influence human behaviour, technical expertise, the reduction of fear in cows, and stockpersons' attitudes.(AU)

Automatic cattle weighing on pastures with behavioral analysis during drinking

t Livestock body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADG) are primary indicators of beef cattle productivity. The conventional method of weighing involves moving the cattle to a weighing location, which is labor-intensive, stressful for the animals and has a negative impact on their growth. An alternative approach is to use special weighing platforms attached to the drinkers to weigh the animals. This method enables daily monitoring of BW and ADG without incurring additional labor costs or stress. In this study, an experimental weighing platform, previously developed at KazATU and named after S. Seifullin, was employed to measure livestock's partial body weight (PBW). The weighing platform recorded the weights of the animals on the front legs at one-second intervals, allowing for subsequent calculation of the animals' total weight. However, due to significant weight fluctuations observed when the animals were on the platform, the accuracy of calculating the weight based on a simple average of the one-second measurements was questionable. Hence, an algorithm was developed to determine live weight by analyzing the primary data from the scales and identifying moments of animal immobility during drinking. The calculated results were compared with both mean and median values and data from Kazakhstan's information base of selection and breeding work (IBSBW). The experimental method exhibited a stronger correlation (r = 0.925) with the actual IBSBW data compared to the mean method (r = 0.887) or the median method (r = 0.921).(AU)

Cetose subclínica e seu impacto no desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras: revisão de literatura / Subclinical ketosis and its impact on the reproductive performance of dairy cows: literature review

A cetose, conhecida também como acetonemia, é um distúrbio metabólico que afeta principalmente vacas leiteiras de alta produção. A elevação anormal de corpos cetônicos nos tecidos e fluidos corporais do animal ocorre devido a um déficit de energia. A quantidade de alimento/nutrientes ingeridos não é suficiente para suprir a demanda corporal do mesmo, assim como a eficiência reprodutiva que está diretamente ligada à saúde, condição corporal e sua capacidade de produção. Animais de alta produção possuem um desafio muito grande de aumentar a produção a cada lactação, com isso, estão susceptíveis a mudanças metabólicas, entre elas a cetose, clínica ou subclínica. Tal enfermidade ocorre devido a uma má adaptação metabólica do animal a sua nova condição de lactante. A elevada incidência de doenças uterinas no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras é responsável por inúmeros prejuízos para a atividade, principalmente pela redução da eficiência reprodutiva das vacas acometidas por infecções. Contudo, visto que a cetose subclínica prevalece nos rebanhos leiteiros de alta produção, o objetivo desta revisão de literatura é apresentar a patogenia e os efeitos que esse distúrbio metabólico têm sobre a reprodução das vacas de aptidão leiteira no após o parto, utilizando de indicadores como taxa de prenhez, taxa de concepção, retorno a ciclicidade, intervalo entre partos e intervalo entre parto e estro.(AU)

Ketosis, also known as acetonemia, is a metabolic disorder that primarily affects high-yielding dairy cows. The abnormal elevation of ketone bodies in the animal's tissues and body fluids occurs due to an energy deficit. The amount of food/nutrients ingested are not enough to supply the body's demand, as well as the reproductive efficiency that is directly linked to health, body condition and its production capacity. High production animals have a very big challenge to increase production with each lactation, therefore, they are susceptible to metabolic changes, including clinical or subclinical ketosis. Such a disease occurs due to a poor metabolic adaptation of the animal to its new lactating condition. The high incidence of uterine diseases in the postpartum period of dairy cows is responsible for numerous losses to the activity, mainly for the reduction of the reproductive efficiency of cows affected by infections. However, since subclinical ketosis prevails in high production dairy herds, the objective of this literature review is to present the pathogenesis and the effects that this metabolic disorder has on the reproduction of dairy cows in the postpartum period, using indicators such as pregnancy rate, conception rate, return to cyclicity, calving interval and calving-estrus interval.(AU)

Analyzing White-rumped Vulture breeding behavior using Markovian modeling

Understanding wildlife behavior, including accurate identification, processing, and interpretation of activities or cues, is important to behavioral biology and corresponding conservation strategies. We characterized the breeding activities of the critically endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis following a sequential pattern from courtship to fledging. We recorded 4,160 visual observations of 20 behaviors of eight pairs of White-rumped Vultures from September 2021­April 2022 and constructed Markov chain models to model three composite behaviors (i.e., breeding, foraging, and roosting). We found that vultures at four nests displayed >70% of the time in breeding behavior, and each nest produced offspring, indicating a potential correlation between breeding behavior and successful reproductive outcomes. Our model explained each composite behavior with high accuracy. Identifying behaviors White-rumped Vulture have practical applications for developing management plans for their conservation, including the timing of critical reproductive events. Our findings and approach can improve our understanding of White-rumped Vulture behavioral ecology and conservation and have applications for other species.(AU)

Influence of color and brightness on ontogenetic shelter preference by the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)

The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879), is a species of great commercial importance. It is farmed under different conditions that translate to a great range of light environments, which impact their behavior and productivity. We present the first study employing both visual modeling and beha vioral data to evaluate the ontogenetic changes in color preferences of juveniles and adults of M. rosenbergii. We offered ten shelters of different colors to juveniles and adults and registered their preferences. Our results show that shelter preference changed with ontogeny: juveniles chose shelters based on chromaticity (preference for blue), while adults based their decisions on brightness (preference for dark grey). This preference adults show for dark colors is probably associated with light avoidance behavior. We recommend providing blue shelters for juveniles and dark shelters for adults.(AU)

Ética e condicionamento de animais selvagens para a aplicação de técnicas de reprodução assistida / Ethics and conditioning of wild animals for the application of assisted reproduction techniques

A relação humano-animal é conhecida desde o período Mesolítico e vem evoluindo ao longo dos anos pela busca de interações cada vez mais positivas. A forma como os animais e os ambientes são tratados abre muitas discussões éticas e morais em várias correntes filosóficas. O fato é que a biodiversidade vem apresentando uma redução expressiva dentro de um contexto de sexta extinção em massa do planeta e, para muitas espécies, trabalhar manejo populacional envolvendo coleções ex situ, seria a única alternativa de sobrevivência. As informações sobre a biologia das espécies selvagens ainda são muito insipientes e, portanto, faz-se necessário desenvolver pesquisas básicas que colaborem com as Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida (ARTs). A possibilidade de se trabalhar dentro do conceito de Conservação Única possibilita uma interconexão entre os planos de ação in situ e ex situ, as ações antrópicas no meio ambiente (sustentabilidade) e as pesquisas que englobam a conservação. Para tanto, utilizar as técnicas de condicionamento, que são prática voltada ao manejo de bem-estar, associadas às biotecnologias reprodutivas tem sido um manejo cada vez mais utilizado, com sucesso para muitas espécies ameaçadas. Animais manejados dentro dos protocolos de boas práticas são grandes candidatos a fazer parte dos programas de conservação integrada.(AU)

The human-animal relationship has been known since the Mesolithic period and has evolved over the years in search of increasingly positive interactions. How animals and environments are treated opens up many ethical and moral discussions in various philosophical currents. The fact is that biodiversity has been showing a significant reduction within the context of the sixth mass extinction on the planet, and, for many species, working on population management involving ex situ collections would be the only alternative for survival. Information on the biology of wild species is still very incipient; therefore, it is necessary to develop basic research that collaborates with Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ARTs). Working within the One Conservation concept enables an interconnection between in situ and ex situ action plans, anthropic environmental actions (sustainability), and research that encompasses conservation. Therefore, using conditioning techniques­a practice aimed at welfare management­associated with reproductive biotechnologies has been increasingly used, with success for many endangered species. Animals handled within suitable practice protocols are great candidates to be part of integrated conservation programs.(AU)

Gastrointestinal parasites of wild carnivores from conservation institutions in the Cerrado of Goiás, Brazil / Parasitas gastrintestinais de carnívoros silvestres de instituições de conservação no Cerrado de Goiás, Brasil

Increased interaction between wild and urban environments owing to human population growth, increased anthropization of biomes, and habitat loss for wild animals increases the spread of infectious and parasitic agents. The present study reports on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivorous mammals at two conservation institutions in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Fecal samples from 39 adult carnivores were collected after spontaneous defecation and analyzed by flotation and sedimentation. The structure and management data of each institution were recorded. Parasitism prevalence, binomial confidence intervals (CI) at 95%, variables associated with the presence of contact animals, size of the enclosure and type of food were recorded. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the samples analyzed was 71.8% (CI 55.1­83.0; 28/39). Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Strongyloides spp., Calodium hepaticum, and Trematoda eggs, and Cystoisospora spp. oocysts were detected. Environmental conditions were not correlated with parasitism prevalence; however, the parasites found could be managed, considering their biology, such as controlling synanthropic and domestic animals in captivity, feeding with healthy feed.(AU)

A crescente urbanização e a perda de hábitat para animais selvagens tem levado a uma maior interação entre ambientes selvagens e humanos, o que pode favorecer a disseminação de agentes infecciosos e parasitários. O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais em mamíferos carnívoros em duas instituições de conservação no estado de Goiás, Brasil. Amostras fecais de 39 carnívoros adultos foram coletadas após a defecação espontânea e analisadas por flotação e sedimentação. Foram registrados os dados de estrutura e gestão de cada instituição. Prevalência de parasitismo, intervalo de confiança binomial (IC) a 95% e variáveis associadas a presença de animais de contato, tamanho do recinto e tipo de alimento foram registrados. A prevalência geral de parasitas gastrointestinais nas amostras analisadas foi de 71,8% (IC 55,1­83,0; 28/39). Foram detectados ovos de Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Strongyloides spp., Calodium hepaticum e de Trematoda e oocistos de Cystoisospora spp.. As condições ambientais não apresentaram correlação com a prevalência de parasitismo; entretanto, os parasitos encontrados podem ser manejados, considerando-se sua biologia, como controlar animais sinantrópicos e domésticos em cativeiro, e uso de alimentos livres de contaminantes.(AU)

First records of Pantophthalmidae (Insecta: Diptera) for the state of Tocantins, Brazil

Pantophthalmidae (Diptera) are recorded exclusively in the Neotropical Region. Despite the large size of adults, their species are often rare and poorly represented in entomological collections. Only two genera and 20 species are known, of which 12 are recorded in the five regions of Brazil. In the North region, the family is reported from all states, except in Tocantins. The present work provides the first records of the family for Tocantins, expanding the distribution of two species, Pantophthalmus kerteszianus (Enderlein, 1914) and P. tabaninus Thunberg, 1819. Both species are recorded for the first time in the Cerrado bi-ome. In addition, we provide photographs of the species and a distribution map.(AU)

The first record of Bergamina lineolata (Chydoridae; Aloninae) from Colombia / O primeiro registro de Bergamina lineolata (Chydoridae; Aloninae) na Colômbia

Abstract The Neotropical freshwater cladoceran Bergamina lineolata (Sars, 1901) was found in a small temporal pond in the Magdalena department. Hitherto, it has been reported in Brazil and El Salvador. It was originally described as Alonella lineolata by Sars, 1901 from Brazil and then placed to the genus Bergamina by Elmoor-Loureiro et al. (2013). This is the first record of this species in Colombia. B. lineolata can be identified by a unique combination of characters including: 1) a remarkably large and oblong postabdomen, with three denticles on distal corner; 2) basal spine of the claw very short, length less than the half claw diameter at base; 3) IDL with two setae shorter than ODL seta, armed with fine setules unilaterally in terminal half; 4) endite 1 of trunk limb I with a long smooth seta between endites 1 and 2.

Resumo O cladócero neotropical de água doce Bergamina lineolata (Sars, 1901) foi encontrado em uma pequena lagoa temporária no departamento de Magdalena, na Colômbia. Até o momento, havia sido relatado no Brasil e em El Salvador. Foi originalmente descrito como Alonella lineolata por Sars, 1901 no Brasil, e, em seguida, colocado no gênero Bergamina por Elmoor-Loureiro et al. (2013). Esse é o primeiro registro dessa espécie na Colômbia. B. lineolata pode ser identificada por uma combinação única de caracteres, incluindo: 1) um pós-abdômen notavelmente grande e oblongo, com três dentículos no ângulo distal; 2) espinho basal da garra muito curto, comprimento menor que o diâmetro da metade da garra na base; 3) IDL com duas cerdas mais curtas que cerdas ODL, armadas com sétulas finas unilateralmente na metade terminal; e 4) endito 1 do toracópodo I com uma longa cerda lisa entre os enditos 1 e 2.

Comportamento sócio-sexual e seus problemas no desempenho de touros / Social-sexual behaviour and its problems in performance of bulls

Esta revisão pretende discorrer sobre a estrutura social dos bovinos e sua relação com o comportamento sexual, a fisiologia reprodutiva e a fertilidade de touros a campo e em regime de coleta de sêmen, levando em consideração as diferentes fases do desenvolvimento sexual, os processos de aprendizado envolvidos e os efeitos do estresse social. À luz do conhecimento etológico serão feitas reflexões sobre o fitness (sucesso reprodutivo) de touros mantidos em manejo extensivo de criação e touros em Centrais de Coleta e Processamento de Sêmen (CCPS), a organização arquitetônica dos piquetes e área de coleta e a influência da proximidade de outros touros sobre a qualidade de todo o processo.(AU)

This review intends to discuss the cattle social structure and its relationship with sexual behavior, reproductive physiology, and fertility of bulls in the field and under semen collection regime, taking into account the distinct stages of sexual development, the learning processes involved and the effects of social stress. In the light of ethological science, we will reflect on the fitness (reproductive success) of bulls in extensive breeding management or bulls in Semen Collection and Processing Centers, their architectural organization of paddocks and collection area, and the influence of the proximity of other bulls on the quality of the entire process.(AU)

Origem e destinação da fauna silvestre: levantamento de dados no estado de Sergipe / Origin and destination of wildlife: survey data in the state of Sergipe

A biodiversidade da Região Nordeste Brasileira encontra-se ameaçada pela ação humana devido a atividades como o desmatamento e a retirada de espécies silvestres do seu ambiente de origem. Assim, objetiva-se, com esta pesquisa, realizar um levantamento descritivo acerca das ações de recebimento e destinação dos animais silvestres realizadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) no estado de Sergipe. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados provenientes dos registros de captura realizados pelo IBAMA/SE entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Os animais que compunham esse banco de dados foram classificados conforme sua classe taxonômica, sendo: aves, répteis ou mamíferos. A origem dos animais que chegaram ao IBAMA foi subdividida da seguinte forma: oriundos de apreensão, de resgate ou de entrega voluntária. Já a destinação desses animais foi classificada como: óbito, soltura, cativeiro ou outros (quando não se enquadravam nas classes anteriores). Foi elaborado um banco de dados utilizando o software Excel®, e os dados foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Dos 5.247 indivíduos apreendidos ao longo do período estudado, a maior parte pertencia à classe das aves (81,9%), seguida pela dos répteis (16,4%) e dos mamíferos (1,7%). A apreensão foi a origem mais comum dos animais recebidos pelo IBAMA/SE em todos os anos avaliados; em segundo e terceiro lugar estão a entrega voluntária e o resgate, respectivamente. Para todas as classes taxonômicas, a principal destinação dos animais foi a soltura, enquanto o envio para cativeiros foi a alternativa menos frequente em todos os anos.

The biodiversity of the Brazilian Northeast region is threatened by human action due to activities such as deforestation and the removal of wild species from their original environment. Thus, this research aims to carry out a descriptive survey about the actions of reception and destination of wild animals performed by the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources Brazilian Institute Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) in the State of Sergipe. For this, data from capture records carried out by IBAMA/SE between 2016 and 2020 were used. The animals that made up this database were classified according to their taxonomic class, being, Birds, Reptiles, or Mammals. The origin of animals that arrived at IBAMA was subdivided as follows: from seizure, rescue, or voluntary delivery. The destination of these animals was classified as: death, release, captivity, or others (when they did not fit into the previous classes). A database was created using Excel® software, and the data were analyzed descriptively. Of the 5247 individuals apprehended over the period studied, most belonged to the bird class (81.9%), followed by reptiles (16.4%) and mammals (1.7%). Seizure was the most common origin of animals received by IBAMA/SE in all evaluated years, in second and third place are voluntary delivery and rescue, respectively. For all taxonomic classes, the main destination of the animals was release, while sending to captivity was the least frequent alternative in all years.

Exame clínico andrológico em búfalos: particularidades e mercado / Clinical andrological examination in buffaloes: particularities and market

A bubalinocultura tem expandido mundialmente com grande importância socioeconômica na produção de leite, carne e na tração animal. No entanto, algumas características como: a sazonalidade, poucos reprodutores com genética superior para ser multiplicada e reduzido número de touros com sucesso de coleta constante de sêmen nas Centrais, dificultam a obtenção de maiores índices reprodutivos a nível de Brasil. Neste contexto, a eficiência reprodutiva do rebanho possui papel de destaque, consequentemente, o touro bubalino e a realização do exame andrológico são essenciais para o desenvolvimento da bubalinocultura. Apesar da realização de pesquisas ao longo dos anos relacionadas à andrologia em búfalos, na prática a campo ainda existe uma lacuna referente aos aspectos reprodutivos nessa espécie, fazendo com que haja uma demanda por conhecimento específico. Diante disso, objetivou-se abordar alguns dos principais aspectos da andrologia na espécie bubalina, para auxiliar o Médico Veterinário no atendimento clínico e andrológico visando alcançar uma boa eficiência reprodutiva.(AU)

Buffalo farming has expanded worldwide with great socioeconomic importance in the production of milk, meat and animal traction. However, some characteristics such as: seasonality, few sires with superior genetics to be multiplied and reduced number of bulls with constant semen collection success in the Centrals, make it difficult to obtain higher reproductive rates in Brazil. In this context, the reproductive efficiency of the herd plays a prominent role, consequently, the buffalo bull and the performance of the andrological examination are essential for the development of buffalo breeding. Despite conducting research over the years related to andrology in buffaloes, in field practice there is still a gap regarding reproductive aspects in this species, causing a demand for specific knowledge. In view of this, the objective was to address some of the main aspects of andrology in the buffalo species, to assist the veterinarian in clinical and andrological care in order to achieve good reproductive efficiency.(AU)

Testicular biometry and hierarchy of dominance of the white-lipped peccary (Mammalia, Tayassuidae) / Biometria testicular e hierarquia de dominância do queixada (Mammalia, Tayassuidae)

The objective of this study was to obtain data on the testicular biometry of the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and to verify if there is a correlation between the individual's biometric data with their dominance rank. Data were collected from 16 adult males, aged between two and seven years, who made up the same group. By the agonistic interactions analyses we calculated the linearity indexes (h') of the dominance hierarchy and dominance rank. At the end of the behavioral observations, males were captured to collect biometric data from the testis. White-lipped peccaries showed testicles located in a perineal position, inclined cranio-ventrally with oval shape, flattened laterally and with tenso-elastic consistency (2.54±0.07). There was variance in the means (± standard deviation) of testis length (5.88±1.05cm), width (4.24 ± 0.98cm), height (4.44±0.86cm), and total scrotal width (8.78±17.05). The linear dominance hierarchy described the social structure of the males of this group (h'>0.9), with probability of linearity in the hierarchy greater than chance (P = 0.02). There was a correlation between dominance rank with the body mass, length and volume of the testicles. As in general the dimensions of the testicles are directly correlated with sperm production and also testosterone, this characteristic favors the reproductive performance of dominant white-lips males. Therefore, the characteristics of testicular biometry of white-lips should be considered for the selection of individuals more likely to reproduce in captivity favoring the conservation of this vulnerable species.(AU)

O objetivo neste estudo foi obter dados sobre a biometria testicular do queixada (Tayassu pecari) e verificar se há correlação entre os dados biométricos do indivíduo com seu posto de dominância. Os dados foram coletados de 16 queixadas adultos, com idades entre dois e sete anos, que compunham o mesmo grupo. Por meio de análises das interações agonísticas foram calculados os índices de linearidade (h') da hierarquia de dominância e determinado o rank dos indivíduos. Ao final das observações comportamentais, os machos foram capturados para coleta de dados biométricos do testículo. Os queixadas apresentaram testículos localizados em posição perineal, inclinados cranioventralmente com formato oval, achatados láterolateralmente e com consistência tensoelástica (2,54±0,07). Houve variação nas médias (± desvio padrão) do comprimento testicular (5,88±1,05cm), largura (4,24±0,98cm), altura (4,44±0,86cm) e largura escrotal total (8,78±17,05). A hierarquia de dominância linear descreveu a estrutura social dos machos desse grupo (h'>0,9), com probabilidade de linearidade na hierarquia maior que o acaso (P = 0,02). Houve correlação entre a classificação de dominância com a massa corporal, comprimento e volume dos testículos. Como em geral as dimensões dos testículos estão diretamente correlacionadas com a produção de esperma e também de testosterona, essa característica favorece o desempenho reprodutivo de machos de queixadas brancos dominantes. Portanto, as características da biometria testicular de queixadas devem ser consideradas para a seleção de indivíduos com maior probabilidade de reprodução em cativeiro favorecendo a conservação desta espécie vulnerável.(AU)