Cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma in a goat

Apocrine neoplasms are rare in goats. This report describes an apocrine adenocarcinoma in a 5-year-old female Boer goat with an ulcerated, exophytic, multilobulated mass on the left dorsolateral cervical area. Histologically, the dermis was effaced and expanded by a poorly demarcated epithelial neoplasm with desmoplasia. Neoplastic cells were arranged in acini with papillary projections into the lumen and had cuboidal or columnar, eosinophilic, occasionally vacuolated cytoplasm. Nuclei were round and had finely stippled chromatin with one nucleolus. Neoplastic cells contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)­positive and diastase­resistant, alcian blue­positive cytoplasmic granules. There were 6 mitoses in 2.37 mm2 (equivalent to 10 FN22/40X fields). Histologic and histochemical features in the current case were consistent with a cutaneous apocrine gland adenocarcinoma.(AU)

Adenocarcinoma de saco anal com metástase vertebro-medular em um Cocker Spaniel / Anal sac adenocarcinoma with vertebromedullary metastasis in a Cocker Spaniel

Background: Several neoplasms can affect the perianal region, being the hepatic adenoma and the anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC), which is considered the most frequent. The ASAC is a malignant neoplasm originating from the secretory epithelium of the perianal apocrine glands and is rarely seen in veterinary medicine. The ASAC occurs mainly in adult to elderly canines with high metastasis rates. Patients may be asymptomatic or manifest discomfort and behavioral changes. In the presence of metastasis, the most frequent clinical signs are inappetence, coughing, dyspnea, and colorectal obstruction. Given this scenario, this paper aims to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic examination, and necropsy findings of a Cocker Spaniel with ASAC and metastasis in the vertebral body, spinal cord, and cauda equina. Case: A 8-year-old neutered male Cocker Spaniel (12 kg of body mass) with a clinical history of non-ambulatory paraparesis was evaluated. The patient also presented tenesmus, difficulty to defecate, and the presence of nodules in the anal sac area. On the neurological examination, asymmetrical changes compatible with injury between L4-S3 were found. A complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and imaging exams such as plain radiography, abdominal ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were requested. Blood count revealed anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. The liver showed increased echogenicity and thickened pancreas in the abdominal US scan. A slightly heterogeneous, vascularized mass with irregular borders was identified in the topographic region of the sublumbar lymph nodes; MRI images demonstrated an expansile formation in the ventral region of the lumbosacral spine, corresponding to the sublumbar lymph nodes and interruption of the cerebrospinal fluid at L5, suggestive of compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina. A presumptive diagnosis of perianal neoplasm with metastasis was made based on the complementary exams. The dog was referred to necropsy, which revealed a 4 cm tumor in the perianal region that invaded the pelvic canal. Multifocal nodules were present on the lung surface, liver, and kidneys, suggesting metastasis. On the cross-section of the spine, one could note the presence of the tumor in the vertebral bodies, spinal cord, and cauda equina from L5 to S3. Even with histopathological evaluation of the tumor, only the immunohistochemical analysis allowed us to confirm the anal sac adenocarcinoma. Discussion: Adenomas and carcinomas are perianal gland neoplasms common in adult and elderly male dogs; the Cocker Spaniel breed is among the most affected. The clinical signs presented by the patient, such as tenesmus and difficulty in adopting the posture of defecation, are common, although neurological changes are rare. As for metastasis, carcinomas of the perianal region present high chances of metastasis to organs including the liver, kidneys, and lungs, both lymphatically and hematogenously, but few studies have related these factors to neurological alterations due to metastasis. We concluded that metastases from carcinomas to the spine must be considered a possible differential diagnosis in cases of patients presenting clinical signs that are compatible with spinal cord compression and a history of previous neoplasm.

Retrospective evaluation of canine anal sac carcinoma (260 cases) in Brazil: late detection and failures in lymph node evaluation / Avaliação retrospectiva do carcinoma de saco anal canino (260 casos) no Brasil: detecção tardia e falhas na avaliação dos linfonodos

Anal sac neoplasms are common in companion animals, and the epidemiological profile has been extensively described in international studies; however, national data are still lacking. Data on the Brazilian reality of anal sac carcinoma cases' diagnosis and treatment are also scarce. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate cases of canine anal sac carcinoma and assess the profile of involvement, tumor size, and lymphatic invasion at the time of diagnosis. Information was obtained from Vetpat laboratory database, from 260 cases spanning a 12-year period (2010-2021). In histopathological evaluation at the time of diagnosis, data on sex, age, and race were described, as well as tumor size and lymphatic invasion. The presence of metastasis was also assessed in cases where lymph nodes were sampled. Simple descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate the data. Adult and elderly, female, and mixed-breed animals were more involved, indicating differences from international studies that can be attributed to sociocultural factors. In terms of tumor size, it was observed that 93% of the cases had the largest diameter above 2.5cm. Only 7% of the cases had the largest diameter below 2.5cm, demonstrating the often late diagnosis and the importance of rectal palpation examination during the general physical assessment of canine patients, particularly at an advanced age. Regarding lymphatic invasion and affected lymph nodes, 50% of the cases had lymphatic invasion described in the histopathological examination. However, only 5% of the lymph nodes were sent along with the primary tumor, indicating the disease's aggressive behavior but with possible metastases underdiagnosed.

As neoplasias de saco anal possuem incidência importante nos animais de companhia, tendo o seu perfil epidemiológico de acometimento amplamente descrito em estudos internacionais, entretanto dados nacionais ainda são escassos. De modo semelhante, dados acerca da realidade brasileira, associados ao diagnóstico e conduta desses casos, são inexistentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, de forma retrospectiva, os casos de carcinoma de saco anal canino, avaliando o perfil de acometimento, o tamanho tumoral e a invasão linfática no momento do diagnóstico. Foi obtido informações de 260 casos, respectivo a um período de 12 anos (2010-2021), proveniente do banco de dados do laboratório Vetpat. Foram descritos os dados acerca do sexo, idade e raça, bem como o tamanho tumoral e presença de invasão linfática em avaliação histopatológica no momento do diagnóstico. Os casos que cursavam com envio dos linfonodos também foram avaliados quanto a presença de metástase. Os dados foram avaliados mediante análise estatística descritiva simples. Foi encontrado um maior acometimento em animais adultos a idosos, do sexo feminino e sem raça definida, evidenciando diferenças em relação a estudos internacionais, que podem ser atribuídas a fatores socioculturais. Em relação ao tamanho tumoral, observou-se que 93% dos casos apresentavam o maior diâmetro acima de 2,5cm e apenas 7% dos casos apresentavam o maior diâmetro abaixo de 2,5cm, evidenciando o diagnostico frequentemente tardio, bem como a importância do exame de palpação retal durante a avaliação física geral de pacientes caninos, principalmente em idade avançada. Quanto a avaliação da invasão linfática e linfonodos acometidos, 50% dos casos cursavam com invasão linfática descrita em exame histopatológico, entretanto em apenas 5% dos casos os linfonodos foram enviados junto ao tumor primário, evidenciando o comportamento agressivo da doença, porém com metástases possivelmente subdiagnosticadas.

Metástase de adenocarcinoma em glândula apócrina em um cão / Metastatic apocrine gland adenocarcinoma in a dog

O adenocarcinoma de glândula apócrina raramente é relatado em cães, acometendo principalmente animais idosos e não tendo propensão entre machos ou fêmeas. Habitualmente, apresentam-se por nódulos únicos, podendo chegar até 10cm de diâmetro e, nos cães, os membros torácicos e pélvicos são os sítios de predileção. Geralmente, as neoplasias de glândulas apócrinas têm comportamento benigno, quando estas apresentam potencial maligno observam-se recidivas através de disseminação linfática e sanguínea. Relatou-se o caso de um cão macho, da raça Poodle, de 16 anos de idade, não castrado. A queixa principal referiu-se a uma lesão em orelha direita que apresentava secreção sanguinopurulenta há 30 dias, porém, ao exame físico, foi observado pequena massa no membro torácico direito, juntamente com linfonodo subescapular direito reativo. Foi colhido material de ambos os locais para exame citológico, o qual teve um resultado inconclusivo. Foi realizada nodulectomia em membro torácico direito, linfadenectomia subescapular e nodulectomia auricular. O material foi enviado para análise histopatológica. O diagnóstico foi de adenocarcinoma de glândula apócrina em membro torácico com metástase para linfonodo pré-escapular e de epitelioma sebáceo na lesão auricular. A tutora não aderiu ao protocolo quimioterápico proposto e o paciente veio a óbito após 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico.

The apocrine gland adenocarcinoma is rarely reported in dogs, common in dogs and having no sex predisposition. They usually present a single lump reaching up 10 cm in diameter. In dogs, the thoracic and pelvic limbs are the common sites. Generally, the apocrine gland neoplasms have a benign behavior; metastasis can occur through lymphatic and blood dissemination when they are malignant. We report the case of a 16-year-old, uncastrated, male Poodle dog. The client reported a lesion in the right ear that had purulent and bloody discharge for 30 days, however, on physical examination, a small mass was observed in the right thoracic limb together with a reactive right subscapular lymph node. Samples were collected from both sites for cytological examination, which had an inconclusive result. Nodulectomy was performed on the right thoracic limb, subscapular lyphadenectomy and auricular nodulectomy. The histopathological analysis revealed an apocrine gland adenocarcinoma in the thoracic limb with metastasis to the cervical lymph node and sebaceous epithelioma in the auricular lesion. The client refused the chemotherapy protocol proposed and, the patient died 30 days after the surgical procedure.

Eletrocardiografia computadorizada em cadelas com tumores mamários / Electrocardiography in bitches with mammary tumors

The incidence of cancer has increased due to greater longevity of the animals as a consequence of better control of other diseases, improvement of nutrition and good practices in preventive medicine. Malignant tumors can cause paraneoplastic syndrome such as hypercalcemia, anemia, cachexia, among others and consequent cardiovascular disorders. The electrocardiography (ECG) is a complementary exam that can reveal with its traces these rhythmic disorders. Based on that, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ECG in bitches with mammary tumors in order to detect in which type of tumor would be found significant changes as in cardiac rhythm, ECG waves, segments or cardiac axis. Twenty-nine female dogs were used in this study, being 19 bitches with mammary tumor, and they were allocated in three groups: G1: control group (n = 10), G2: benign neoplasia group (n = 6) and G3: malignant neoplasia group (n = 13). The most prevalent type of neoplasia in G2 was the benign mixed tumor (83%), followed by adenoma (17%) whereas in G3: carcinoma in mixed tumor (61%); papillary carcinoma (23%). Regarding cardiac rhythm, it was found sinus arrhythmia (SA) and normal sinus rhythm (NS): G1: 50% SA and 50% NS; G2: 67% SA and 33% NS; G3: 54% SA and 46% NS. No ventricular or atrial arrhythmias were detected. For other parameters in G1, G2 and G3, respectively (mean ± Std error): FC (bpm): 110±9.2, 120 ± 8.5, 124±7,5; P (ms): 48 ± 1.6, 51 ± 1.8, 50 ± 1.2; P (mV) 0.19 ± 0.02, 0.2 ± 0.02, 0.19 ± 0.02; PR (ms): 94 ± 4.3, 93 ± 5.5, 89 ± 3.9; QRS (ms): 56 ± 1.54, 60 ± 4, 62 ± 1.2; R (mV): 1.1 ± 0.06, 1.2 ± 0.24, 0.9 ± 0.13; QT (ms): 203 ± 9.4; 204 ± 7.9; 182 ± 15.6; and cardiac axis (°): 66 ± 6.2, 61 ± 7.9, 70 ± 7.5. There were no significant differences for all cardiac parameters and also for ST interval and T wave morphology. All electrocardiographic parameters found are in accordance with other studies carried out in the canine species. The results regarding tumor types differ from what was found in another study, in which in 18 bitches with mammary tumors, 55% were benign, with prevalence of adenomas (38%) followed by benign mixed tumors, and 45% malignant, with adenocarcinoma prevailing (22%). In another study, it was verified in 63 bitches the predominance of tubular carcinoma (26.56%) and carcinoma in mixed tumors (23.44%). Diverging from the electrocardiographic parameters of this study, a significant difference was found in the R wave amplitude value in the research by Barros et al., (2015) who performed computerized electrocardiography in 50 dogs, not only with mammary neoplasms (55% mammary carcinomas), but also in mastocytomas, lymphomas, benign tumors and other sarcomas. This author found out that the R wave amplitude values of the neoplasia group were lower when compared to the control group. In addition, we suspect that other types of tumors could result in more paraneoplastic syndrome than the mammary neoplasms found in this research. Neoplasms as lymphomas (T cells), apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas, multiple myelomas and thymomas are known as a cause of hypercalcemia of malignancy and histiocytic sarcomas, myelomas, leukemia and lymphomas causing anemia. In conclusion, ECG has no changes in benign or malignant mammary tumors in dogs. However, this fact does not exclude the importance of its performance in pre-anesthetic evaluations. Further studies with a larger sample including the clinical staging of these bitches with a balanced number of animals with low and high staging are suggested.(AU)

Adenocarcinoma em pavilhão auricular de uma felina / Adenocarcinoma in a feline auricular pavilion

Um felino não definido foi admitido no HOVET / UFRA com desidratação e extenso traumatismo craniano próximo à aurícula esquerda. Foi observada uma massa localizada próxima à base das orelhas. Após verificar que o animal não melhorou a cicatrização, foi escolhida uma técnica de excisão por conchectomia. O material foi enviado para exame histopatológico, que mostrava diagnóstico morfológico de adenocarcinoma de provável origem apócrina grau II / III. A radiação ultravioleta da luz solar é um fator que pode contribuir para a formação de carcinoma espinocelular nas extremidades das orelhas de gatos de vida livre com pelagem leve.

A no defined bred feline was admitted to the HOVET/UFRA with dehydration and extensive head injury near the left auricle. A mass located near the base of the ears was observed. After verifying that the animal did not improve healing, an excision by conchectomy technique was chosen. The material was sent for histopathological examination, which showed a morphological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of probable grade II / III apocrine origin. Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight is a fator that can contribute to the formation of squamous cell carcinoma on the ends of the ears of free-living cats with light coat.

Adenocarcinoma em pavilhão auricular de uma felina / Adenocarcinoma in a feline auricular pavilion

Um felino não definido foi admitido no HOVET / UFRA com desidratação e extenso traumatismo craniano próximo à aurícula esquerda. Foi observada uma massa localizada próxima à base das orelhas. Após verificar que o animal não melhorou a cicatrização, foi escolhida uma técnica de excisão por conchectomia. O material foi enviado para exame histopatológico, que mostrava diagnóstico morfológico de adenocarcinoma de provável origem apócrina grau II / III. A radiação ultravioleta da luz solar é um fator que pode contribuir para a formação de carcinoma espinocelular nas extremidades das orelhas de gatos de vida livre com pelagem leve.(AU)

A no defined bred feline was admitted to the HOVET/UFRA with dehydration and extensive head injury near the left auricle. A mass located near the base of the ears was observed. After verifying that the animal did not improve healing, an excision by conchectomy technique was chosen. The material was sent for histopathological examination, which showed a morphological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of probable grade II / III apocrine origin. Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight is a fator that can contribute to the formation of squamous cell carcinoma on the ends of the ears of free-living cats with light coat.(AU)

Tumores em bovinos encontrados em abatedouros frigoríficos / Tumors found in cattle from slaughterhouses

Numa pesquisa em abatedouros a procura de lesões em bovinos, realizada de janeiro de 2011 a julho de 2014, 544 foram encontradas, das quais 65 eram neoplasmas. Quarenta e dois porcento desses tumores eram de origem mesenquimal; 37% eram epiteliais; 14,5% eram derivados da crista neural; 5% eram tumores do cordão sexual; e 1,5 eram tumores originários do sistema nervoso periférico. O tumor mais frequentemente encontrado foi o linfoma (28% de todos os tumores), a maioria dos casos como parte do complexo leucose bovina enzoótica. O carcinoma de células escamosas foi o segundo tumor mais frequente (15% de todos os tumores). É chamada a atenção para a frequência desses tumores e para a sua importância no diagnóstico diferencial no abatedouro frigorífico entre eles e outras lesões importantes, incluindo as lesões granulomatosas da tuberculose. Houve uma ocorrência significativa do feocromocitoma adrenal (13% de todos os tumores). Papilomatose representou apenas 3% de todos os tumores. Como papilomas são comuns em bovinos, seu baixo número nesse estudo pode ser explicado pelo fato de que eles não são usualmente diagnosticados no exame post mortem (quando o couro já foi retirado da carcaça), mas sim no exame ante mortem, como ocorreu na maioria dos casos deste estudo. Tumores encontrados com menor frequência (cada um perfazendo entre 1.5 e 3% de todos os tumores) incluíram adenocarcinoma apócrino misto da cauda, adenocarcinoma mamário, adenocarcinoma uterino, carcinoma de células renais, fibroma interdigital, hemangiossarcoma, leiomioma uterino, lipoma, lipossarcoma, mesotelioma, neurofibroma, tumor de células da granulosa, tumor estromal gastrointestinal, tumores hepáticos, tumores melanocíticos, e tumores pulmonares primários. Pretende-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa possam ajudar na identificação das lesões na inspeção oficial em matadouros frigoríficos.(AU)

In a survey for lesions in cattle in abattoirs from January 2011 to July 2014, 544 lesions were found, of which 65 were neoplasms. Forty two percent of those were of mesenchymal origin; 37% were epithelial; 14,5% were neural crest derivatives; 5% were sex chord derived tumors and 1.5 was from the peripheral nervous system. The most common tumor found was lymphoma (28% of all tumors), most of them as part of the enzootic leukosis complex. Squamous cell carcinoma was the second most frequent tumor (15% of all tumors). Consideration is made on the frequency of these tumors and the importance of the differential diagnosis at gross examination at the slaughterhouse among them and other important lesions, including tuberculous granulomatous lesions. There was a significance occurrence (13% of all tumors) of the adrenal tumor, pheocromocytoma. Papillomatosis represented only 3% of all tumors; as those are common benign tumors in cattle; their low numbers in this review could be explained by the fact that these are not tumors usually detected in the postmortem examination (after the hide was stripped from the carcass) which was mostly the case of this study, but rather by antemortem inspection. Less common tumors found (each accounting for 1.5 to 3% of all tumors) included granulosa cell tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, hemangiosarcoma, hepatic tumors, interdigital fibroma, lipoma, liposarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, melanocytic tumors, mesothelioma, mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma of the tail, neurofibroma, renal cell carcinoma, primary pulmonary tumors, uterine adenocarcinoma, and uterine leiomyoma. It is intended that the results of this survey would be helpful in the identification of lesions at in the official meat inspection at the slaughterhouses.(AU)

Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia secondary to canine mammary tumors

Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes are complexes symptom that occur at a distinct site from the primary tumor or its metastasis by the production of hormone by the tissue in which the tumor appears. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is associated with an abnormal elevation of serum calcium levels and the mainly tumor related to this syndrome in canine is lymphoma, anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. In mammary tumors, the most frequent tumor that affect female dogs, this syndrome was also observed. The aims of this study were to evaluate serum calcium levels in female dogs with malignant mammary tumors and correlate calcium levels with clinicopathological parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: It was evaluated fifty-one female dogs with mammary carcinomas (simple carcinomas and carcinoma in mixed tumors) for serum calcium levels using colorimetric test. Clinical-histopathological data as spray status, pseudopregnancy, tumor size, ulceration, clinical staging, histopathological type and tumor grade were also evaluated in association with serum calcium levels. All dogs were treated with unilateral mastectomy. It was observed that 18 animals (35%) had calcium serum levels increased (>11.5 mg/dL) and 56% (10/18 cases) of these animals had serum calcium levels higher than 12 mg/dL. All dogs with hypercalcemia were asymptomatic, including two female [...](AU)

Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia secondary to canine mammary tumors

Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes are complexes symptom that occur at a distinct site from the primary tumor or its metastasis by the production of hormone by the tissue in which the tumor appears. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is associated with an abnormal elevation of serum calcium levels and the mainly tumor related to this syndrome in canine is lymphoma, anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. In mammary tumors, the most frequent tumor that affect female dogs, this syndrome was also observed. The aims of this study were to evaluate serum calcium levels in female dogs with malignant mammary tumors and correlate calcium levels with clinicopathological parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: It was evaluated fifty-one female dogs with mammary carcinomas (simple carcinomas and carcinoma in mixed tumors) for serum calcium levels using colorimetric test. Clinical-histopathological data as spray status, pseudopregnancy, tumor size, ulceration, clinical staging, histopathological type and tumor grade were also evaluated in association with serum calcium levels. All dogs were treated with unilateral mastectomy. It was observed that 18 animals (35%) had calcium serum levels increased (>11.5 mg/dL) and 56% (10/18 cases) of these animals had serum calcium levels higher than 12 mg/dL. All dogs with hypercalcemia were asymptomatic, including two female [...]

Mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma of the tail in a cow

This report describes an uncommon case of neoplasm in domesticated animals, mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma (MAA). A cutaneous mass from the tail and anal region of an adult cow was detected during the routine antemortem examination of cattle in a slaughterhouse. The mass was ulcerated, firm, measured 23 x 20 x 20 cm and weighed 10 Kg. There were extensive areas of hemorrhage and necrosis admixed with irregular islands of bone. Histopathological examination revealed multiple cysts with papillary projections into lumen. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction revealed amorphous eosinophilic secretory material into luminal spaces and on the apical surface of neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed strong cytoplasmic immunostaining of the epithelial neoplastic cells for cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and strong positive immunostaining of the myoepithelial cells for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and S-100 protein. These gross and histopathological findings observed during this study led to a final diagnosis of MAA.

Mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma of the tail in a cow

This report describes an uncommon case of neoplasm in domesticated animals, mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma (MAA). A cutaneous mass from the tail and anal region of an adult cow was detected during the routine antemortem examination of cattle in a slaughterhouse. The mass was ulcerated, firm, measured 23 x 20 x 20 cm and weighed 10 Kg. There were extensive areas of hemorrhage and necrosis admixed with irregular islands of bone. Histopathological examination revealed multiple cysts with papillary projections into lumen. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction revealed amorphous eosinophilic secretory material into luminal spaces and on the apical surface of neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed strong cytoplasmic immunostaining of the epithelial neoplastic cells for cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and strong positive immunostaining of the myoepithelial cells for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and S-100 protein. These gross and histopathological findings observed during this study led to a final diagnosis of MAA.(AU)

Estudo crítico, termográfico e terapêutico dos tumores circum-anais e dos adenocarcinomas apócrinos de saco anal caninos

Os tumores circum-anais são frequentes em cães, sendo a terceira neoplasia cutânea mais comum da espécie. Os adenomas de glândulas circum-anais possuem um bom prognóstico com a remoção cirúrgica associada à orquiectomia nos machos. Já os adenocarcinomas circum-anais apresentam alta taxa de recidiva, e os adenocarcinomas apócrinos de saco anal demonstram prognóstico de reservado a ruim, são altamente invasivos e metastáticos. Ainda não existe uma terapia de escolha para esses tumores, assim como, para os adenocarcinomas circum-anais, principalmente os metastáticos. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar os tumores circum-anais e apócrinos de saco anal, avaliando parâmetros clínicos, possibilidades diagnósticas e o uso da quimioterapia metronômica, buscando dessa forma nova abordagem a essas neoplasias. 80 cães, machos e fêmeas foram divididos em três grupos, adenoma de glândula circum-anal (AGCA) com 42 animais; adenocarcinoma de glândula circum-anal (ACGCA) com 33; e o grupo adenocarcinoma apócrino de saco anal (ACASA) com cinco animais. Foi realizada a relação citológica histopatológica, em que se obteve correlação de 81,5%. Como método diagnóstico complementar foi utilizado o estudo termográfico em 52 cães. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: SpT- temperatura no ponto central da formação; SpNT - temperatura em ponto distante da formação; AT - área elipsoide abrangendo a formação; e ANT - área elipsoide em um ponto mais distante da formação. Para AGCA a diferença entre a média de SpT (35,06°C) e de SpNT (36,51°C) foi -1,45°C (p <0,01) enquanto a diferença da média AT (35,47°C) e ANT (36,42°C) foi - 0,96°C (p < 0,05). Para ACGCA a diferença entre a média de SpT (35,17°C) e de SpNT (36,88°C) foi de -1,71°C (p < 0,01) ao passo que a entre AT (34,95°C ) e ANT (36,57°C) foi de -1,69°C (p <0,01). Comparando-se adenomas e adenocarcinomas circum-anais a diferença SpT foi -0,10 °C (p= 0,87), e a diferença AT foi de 0,52° C (p = 0,38). Ambos os tumores são mais frios do que o esfíncter saudável, porém um número significativo de adenocarcinomas circum-anais são mais frios que os adenomas circum-anais, observou-se assim um aumento da probabilidade (17,45%) de ser um ACGCA toda vez que se tem uma diferença de 1°C ou mais entre o tumor e a pele saudável. Não foi possível realizar a análise estatística do grupo ACASA por ter apenas um animal analisado. A avaliação imuno-histoquímica foi realizada em 65 cães. Para os tumores circum-anais, a taxa de Ki-67 foi maior no grupo ACGCA e o aumento teve relação com o tamanho tumoral, mas não teve relação com presença de metástase, sobrevida e tempo livre de doença. O aumento de CD-31 teve relação com o tamanho tumoral e com a menor prevalência de metástase no momento do diagnóstico e VEGF apresentou correlação somente com o tamanho tumoral. A quimioterapia metronômica com ciclofosfamida (15mg/m²/sid) e piroxicam (0,3mg/kg/sid) foi realizada durante 6 meses nos grupos ACGCA e ACASA, sendo que só o primeiro grupo teve um grupo controle. Não houve diferença estatística em relação a tempo livre de doença e sobrevida entre os animais do grupo ACGCA que receberam (subgrupo II 740,95 dias de sobrevida) e que não receberam a quimioterapia (subgrupo III 546,21 dias de sobrevida). No grupo ACASA (subgrupo IV) a sobrevida foi de 534,99 dias, dados semelhantes ao encontrado em literatura. A quimioterapia metronômica teve boa aceitação, praticidade e baixo custo, com mínimos efeitos adversos, sendo um tratamento seguro a ser usado nos animais com adenocarcinomas circum-anais e apócrinos de saco anal.

Circumanal tumors are usually seen in dogs being the third most common skin cancer of the species. Circumanal gland adenomas have a good prognosis with surgical removal associated with orchiectomy in males. Circumanal adenocarcinomas, on the other hand, have a high rate of recurrence, and anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinomas demonstrate a prognosis of reserved to bad, are highly invasive and metastatic. There is still no therapy of choice for these tumors, as well as for circumanal adenocarcinomas, especially metastatic ones. The objective of this study is to characterize circumanal and anal sac apocrine gland tumours, evaluating clinical parameters, diagnostic possibilities and the use of metronomic chemotherapy, thus seeking a new approach to these neoplasms. 80 dogs, males and females were divided into three groups, circum-anal gland adenoma (AGCA) with 42 animals; circum-anal gland adenocarcinoma (ACGCA) with 33; and the anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinomas group (ACASA) with five animals. The cytological - histopathological relationship was performed, with a correlation of 81.5%. As a complementary diagnostic method, the thermographic study was used in 52 dogs. The following parameters were analyzed: SpT- temperature at the central point of the formation; SpNT - temperature in a distant point of the formation; AT - ellipsoid area covering the formation; and ANT - ellipsoid area at a more distant point from the formation. For AGCA, the difference between the mean of SpT (35.06 ° C) and SpNT (36.51 ° C) was -1.45 ° C (p <0.01) while the difference of the mean AT (35, 47 ° C) and ANT (36.42 ° C) was - 0.96 ° C (p <0.05). For ACGCA the difference between the mean of SpT (35.17 ° C) and SpNT (36.88 ° C) was -1.71 ° C (p <0.01) whereas that between AT (34, 95 ° C) and ANT (36.57 ° C) was -1.69 ° C (p <0.01). Comparing circumanal adenomas and adenocarcinomas, the SpT difference was -0.10 ° C (p = 0.87), and the AT difference was 0.52 ° C (p = 0.38). Both tumors are colder than healthy skin, but a significant number of circumanal adenocarcinomas are colder than circumanal adenomas. For each difference of 1° C between the tumor and healthy skin, there is an increased probability of 17.45% of being ACGCA. As only one animal was analyzed, it was not possible to perform the statistical analysis of the ACASA group. The immunohistochemical evaluation was performed in 65 dogs. For circumanal tumors, the Ki-67 rate was higher in the ACGCA group and the increase was related to the tumor size, but it was not related to the presence of metastasis, survival and disease-free time. The increase in CD-31 was related to tumor size and the lower prevalence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis and VEGF correlated only with tumor size. Metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (15mg/m²/sid) and piroxicam (0.3mg/kg/sid) was performed for 6 months in the ACGCA and ACASA groups, with only the first group having a control group. There was no statistical difference regarding disease-free time and survival among the animals in the ACGCA group that received (subgroup II - 740.95 days of survival) and that did not receive chemotherapy (subgroup III - 546.21 days of survival). In the ACASA group (subgroup IV), survival was 534.99 days, similar to what is observed in the literature. Metronomic chemotherapy was well accepted, practical and low cost, with minimal adverse effects, being a safe treatment to be used in animals with circumanal and apocrine anal sac adenocarcinomas.

Apocrine Adenocarcinoma in the Eyelid of a Miniature Pinscher

A 12-year-old spayed female miniature pinscher canid presented to the referring veterinarian with a 1 month history of a right eyelid mass. No other masses besides a previously diagnosed lipoma were identified after physical examination and thoracic radiographic examination. Histologically, neoplastic cells formed glands and were subdivided by a fibrous stroma, exhibited moderate cellular pleomorphism, and were immunoreactive for cytokeratin 7. Based on these findings an apocrine adenocarcinoma of the eyelid was diagnosed.(AU)

Lesões encontradas em bovinos abatidos para consumo

Esta tese envolveu o estudo das lesões macro e microscópicas encontradas em bovinos abatidos para consumo e é o resultado de colheita e interpretação de lesões iniciadas em 2011. Durante o período de mestrado (2012-2014) realizou-se o levantamento das lesões parasitárias, que foram abordadas na Dissertação. As demais lesões serão abordadas nesta tese. Esse estudo prospectivo (2011-2016) foi realizado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM) e teve como objetivo descrever macro e microscopicamente as lesões de bovinos encontradas em abatedouros frigoríficos, a fim de auxiliar médicos veterinários responsáveis pelo serviço de inspeção, bem como patologistas veterinários, a identificar lesões encontradas em carcaças e vísceras dos bovinos abatidos. Durante esse período, 540 lesões foram observadas em bovinos de abatedouros frigoríficos de diferentes regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. Dessas, 17 foram lesões de origem tóxica; 65 neoplásicas; 117 parasitárias; 177 infecciosas e 164 foram classificadas como outras lesões, que incluíam lesões ocasionadas por falhas durante o abate (tecnopatias), lesões sem significado clínico importante, entre outras. Este estudo resultou em quatro trabalhos científicos: (1) Actinomicose atípica em bovinos; (2) Lesões granulomatosas encontradas em bovinos abatidos para consumo; (3) Mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma of the tail in a cow e (4) Tumores em bovinos encontrados em abatedouros frigoríficos.

The data presented in this thesis resulted from the gross and histopathological interpretation of lesions found in cattle slaughtered for human consumption. The survey for lesions in slaughtered cattle was started in 2011. During the two years of the M.Sci. program the survey was focus in parasitic lesions, which were reported and discussed in the M.Sci. dissertation. The remaining lesions are included in the present thesis and were surveyed in a prospective study (2011-2016) carried out at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM). The purpose of the study describe the gross and microscopical morphology lesions found in cattle in slaughterhouses in order to help veterinary meat inspectors and pathologists alike in identifying lesions found in the carcass and viscera of cattle at meat inspection. During the survey, 540 lesions were observed in cattle at slaughterhouses from different locations in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Seventeen of those were toxic lesions; 65 were neoplastic; 117 were parasitic and 164 were classified as sundry, which included, among others, lesions provoked by improper proceedings during the slaughter (so called technopathies), lesions with little or no clinical importance. The current study resulted in four scientific papers which are included in the thesis: (1) Atypical cases of actinomycosis in cattle; (2) Granulomatous lesions found in cattle slaughtered for meat production; (3) Mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma of the tail in a cow and (4) Tumors found in cattle from slaughterhouses.

Adenocarcinoma apócrino misto em face e palatomole de um cão / Mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma in face and soft palate of a dog

O adenocarcinoma apócrino é um neoplasma maligno de glândulas sudoríparas pouco comum em cães.Descreve-se sua ocorrência em face e faringe de um cão, sem raça definida, que apresentava disfagia, caquexia e dispneia inspiratória. A exérese cirúrgica de ambas as massas tumorais foi realizada, seguida de quimioterapia adjuvante com doxorrubicina. Ressalta-se a resposta à quimioterapia e o tempo de sobrevida pós-operatória do paciente.AU

Sweat gland neoplasms are uncommonly reported in dogs. We describe its ocurrence in the face andpharynx of a mongrel dog with dysphagia, anorexia and inspiratory dyspnea. Surgical excision ofboth tumor masses was performed, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin. We emphasizethe response to chemotherapy and patient postoperative survival time.AU

Adenocarcinoma apócrino misto em face e palatomole de um cão / Mixed apocrine adenocarcinoma in face and soft palate of a dog

O adenocarcinoma apócrino é um neoplasma maligno de glândulas sudoríparas pouco comum em cães.Descreve-se sua ocorrência em face e faringe de um cão, sem raça definida, que apresentava disfagia, caquexia e dispneia inspiratória. A exérese cirúrgica de ambas as massas tumorais foi realizada, seguida de quimioterapia adjuvante com doxorrubicina. Ressalta-se a resposta à quimioterapia e o tempo de sobrevida pós-operatória do paciente.

Sweat gland neoplasms are uncommonly reported in dogs. We describe its ocurrence in the face andpharynx of a mongrel dog with dysphagia, anorexia and inspiratory dyspnea. Surgical excision ofboth tumor masses was performed, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin. We emphasizethe response to chemotherapy and patient postoperative survival time.

Apocrine adenocarcinoma in the eyelid of a miniature pinscher

A 12-year-old spayed female miniature pinscher canid presented to the referring veterinarian with a 1 month history of a right eyelid mass. No other masses besides a previously diagnosed lipoma were identified after physical examination and thoracic radiographic examination. Histologically, neoplastic cells formed glands and were subdivided by a fibrous stroma, exhibited moderate cellular pleomorphism, and were immunoreactive for cytokeratin 7. Based on these findings an apocrine adenocarcinoma of the eyelid was diagnosed.