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1.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 45: e64163, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1436985

Resumo

The objective of this review is to bring information about innovations and technologies that, through genetic improvement, are being used to improve the sustainability and productivity of agricultural crops, improve human nutrition, as well as conservation and decontamination of soils. Bioremediation consists of using microorganisms that have the ability to modify or decompose certain pollutants, with the possibility of increasing their activity through genetic engineering, building new strains for the transformation of pollutants into inert substances. Genetic improvement is seeking to develop cultivars that are more tolerant to periods of water deficit. Plant biofortification consists of varieties of improved plants that have a higher content of vitamins and minerals, which are obtained through genetic improvement. Thus, biotechnology is once again essential for world agricultural production and can bring a series of other benefits to society.(AU)


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Biofortificação , Biotecnologia , 24444
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e248026, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1374638

Resumo

Poultry industry is amongst highly developed industries of Pakistan, fulfilling the protein demand of rapidly increasing population. On the other hand, the untreated poultry waste is causing several health and environmental problems. The current study was designed to check the potential of keratinolytic fungal species for the conversion of chicken-feather waste into biofortified compost. For the purpose, three fungal species were isolated from soil samples. These strains were pure cultured and then characterized phenotypically and genotypically. BLAST searches of 18S rDNA nucleotide sequence of the fungal isolates revealed that the two fungal isolates belonged to genus Aspergillus and one belonged to genus Chrysosporium. Optimum temperature for Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Chrysosporium queenslandicum was 29, 26 and 25 oC, respectively. A. flavus showed maximum (53%) feather degradation, A. niger degraded feather waste up to 37%, while C. queenslandicum showed 21% keratinolytic activity on chicken feathers at their respective temperature optima. The degradation potential of these fungal species showed their ability to form compost that has agro-industrial importance.


A indústria avícola está entre as indústrias altamente desenvolvidas do Paquistão, atendendo a demanda de proteína da população em rápido crescimento. Por outro lado, os resíduos de aves não tratados estão causando diversos problemas de saúde e ambientais. O presente estudo foi desenhado para verificar o potencial de espécies de fungos queratinolíticos para a conversão de resíduos de penas de frango em composto biofortificado. Para tanto, três espécies de fungos foram isoladas de amostras de solo. Essas cepas foram cultivadas puramente e, em seguida, caracterizadas fenotipicamente e genotipicamente. As pesquisas do BLAST da sequência de nucleotídeos do rDNA 18S dos isolados de fungos revelaram que os dois isolados de fungos pertenciam ao gênero Aspergillus e um pertencia ao gênero Chrysosporium. A temperatura ótima para Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger e Chrysosporium queenslandicum foi de 29, 26 e 25 oC, respectivamente. A. flavus apresentou degradação máxima de penas (53%), A. niger degradou resíduos de penas em até 37%, enquanto C. queenslandicum apresentou 21% de atividade queratinolítica em penas de frango em suas respectivas temperaturas ótimas. O potencial de degradação dessas espécies de fungos mostrou sua capacidade de formar composto de importância agroindustrial.


Assuntos
Produtos Avícolas , Biodegradação Ambiental , Paquistão
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e271684, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1439659

Resumo

One of the most serious problems worldwide is heavy metal (HM) pollution. HMs can have a toxic effect on human health and thus cause serious diseases. To date, several methods have been used to clean environments contaminated by HMs, but most of them are expensive, and it is difficult to achieve the desired result. Phytoremediation is currently an effective and affordable processing solution used to clean and remove HMs from the environment. This review article discusses in detail the technology of phytoremediation and mechanisms of HM absorption. In addition, methods are described using genetic engineering of various plants to enhance the resistance and accumulation of HMs. Thus, phytoremediation technology can become an additional aid to traditional methods of purification.


Um dos problemas mais graves em todo o mundo é a poluição por metais pesados (HMs). Os HMs podem ter um efeito tóxico na saúde humana e, assim, causar doenças graves. Até o momento, vários métodos têm sido utilizados para limpar ambientes contaminados por HMs, mas a maioria deles é cara, sendo difícil alcançar o resultado desejado. A fitorremediação é, atualmente, uma solução de processamento eficaz e acessível usada para limpar e remover HMs do ambiente. Este artigo de revisão discute em detalhes a tecnologia de fitorremediação e os mecanismos de absorção de HMs. Além disso, são descritos métodos que utilizam a engenharia genética de várias plantas para aumentar a resistência e o acúmulo de HMs. Assim, a tecnologia de fitorremediação pode se tornar uma ajuda adicional aos métodos tradicionais de purificação.


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Engenharia Genética , Metais Pesados , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental , Cazaquistão
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e271009, 2023. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1505868

Resumo

Salt stress and heavy metal are instigating hazard to crops, menace to agricultural practices. Single and combined stresses affecting adversely to the growth and metabolism of plants. To explore salt and heavy metal resistant plant lines as phytoremediants is a need of time. Physiological responses are main adaptive responses of the plants towards stresses. This response varies with species and ecotype as well as type and level of stress. Two cucurbit weeds from two ecotypes were selected to evaluate their physiological adaptations against independent and combined stresses of various levels of salt (NaCl) and heavy metal (NiCl2). Various physiological parameters like water potential, osmotic potential, pressure potential, CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and production of adaptive chemicals like SOD, CAT, proteins, sugars and proline were studied. Citrullus colocynthis showed more adaptive response than Cucumis melo agrestis and desert ecotype was more successful than agricultural ecotype against stresses.


O estresse salino e os metais pesados são um perigo instigante para as plantações e uma ameaça para as práticas agrícolas. Estresses simples e combinados afetam adversamente o crescimento e o metabolismo das plantas. Explorar linhagens de plantas resistentes a sais e metais pesados como fitorremediantes é uma necessidade de tempo. As respostas fisiológicas são as principais respostas adaptativas das plantas aos estresses. Essas respostas variam de acordo com a espécie e o ecótipo, bem como com o tipo e o nível de estresse. Duas plantas daninhas cucurbitáceas de dois ecótipos foram selecionadas para avaliar suas adaptações fisiológicas frente a estresses independentes e combinados de vários níveis de sal (NaCl) e metal pesado (NiCl2). Vários parâmetros fisiológicos, como potencial hídrico, potencial osmótico, potencial de pressão, taxa de assimilação de CO2, condutância estomática, clorofila a e b, carotenoides e produção de produtos químicos adaptativos, por exemplo, SOD, CAT, proteínas, açúcares e prolina, foram estudados. Citrullus colocynthis apresentou resposta mais adaptativa do que Cucumis melo agrestis e o ecótipo deserto foi mais bem-sucedido do que o ecótipo agrícola contra estresses.


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Metais Pesados/efeitos adversos , Citrullus , Controle de Plantas Daninhas , Estresse Salino
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e242830, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278540

Resumo

Abstract Pesticide residues that contaminate the environment circulate within the hydrological cycle can accumulate within the food chain and cause problems to both environmental and human health. Microbes, however, are well known for their metabolic versatility and the ability to degrade chemically stable substances, including recalcitrant xenobiotics. The current study focused on bio-prospecting within Amazonian rainforest soils to find novel strains fungi capable of efficiently degrading the agriculturally and environmentally ubiquitous herbicide, glyphosate. Of 50 fungal strains isolated (using culture media supplemented with glyphosate as the sole carbon-substrate), the majority were Penicillium strains (60%) and the others were Aspergillus and Trichoderma strains (26 and 8%, respectively). All 50 fungal isolates could use glyphosate as a phosphorous source. Eight of these isolates grew better on glyphosate-supplemented media than on regular Czapek Dox medium. LC-MS revealed that glyphosate degradation by Penicillium 4A21 resulted in sarcosine and aminomethylphosphonic acid.


Resumo Resíduos de agrotóxicos que contaminam o meio ambiente circulam no ciclo hidrológico, podendo se acumular na cadeia alimentar e causar problemas tanto à saúde ambiental quanto humana. Por sua vez, microrganismos são bem conhecidos por sua versatilidade metabólica e capacidade de degradar substâncias quimicamente estáveis, incluindo xenobióticos recalcitrantes. O estudo atual se concentrou na bioprospecção nos solos da floresta amazônica para encontrar novas linhagens de fungos capazes de degradar com eficiência o herbicida onipresente na agricultura e no meio ambiente, o glifosato. Entre os 50 fungos isolados (usando meio de cultura suplementado com glifosato como única fonte de carbono), a maioria eram isolados do gênero Penicillium (60%) e os outros eram isolados de Aspergillus e Trichoderma (26 e 8%, respectivamente). Todos os 50 isolados de fungos foram capazes de usar glifosato como fonte de fósforo. Oito desses isolados cresceram melhor em meio suplementado com glifosato do que em meio Czapek Dox regular. LC-MS revelou que a degradação do glifosato por Penicillium 4A21 resultou nos metabólitos sarcosina e ácido aminometilfosfônico.


Assuntos
Humanos , Penicillium , Trichoderma , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Aspergillus , Solo , Microbiologia do Solo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Organofosfonatos , Fungos , Glicina/análogos & derivados
6.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e242536, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1339356

Resumo

Abstract Chromium (VI) a highly toxic metal, a major constituent of industrial waste. It is continuously release in soil and water, causes environmental and health related issues, which is increasing public concern in developing countries like Pakistan. The basic aim of this study was isolation and screening of chromium resistant bacteria from industrial waste collected from Korangi and Lyari, Karachi (24˚52ʹ46.0ʺN 66˚59ʹ25.7ʺE and 24˚48ʹ37.5ʺN 67˚06ʹ52.6ʺE). Among total of 53 isolated strains, seven bacterial strains were selected through selective enrichment and identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics. These strains were designated as S11, S13, S17, S18, S30, S35 and S48, resistance was determined against varying concentrations of chromium (100-1500 mg/l). Two bacterial strains S35 and S48 showed maximum resistance to chromium (1600 mg/l). Bacterial strains S35 and S48 were identified through 16S rRNA sequence and showed 99% similarity to Bacillus paranthracis and Bacillus paramycoides. Furthermore, growth condition including temperature and pH were optimized for both bacterial strains, showed maximum growth at temperature 30ºC and at optimum pH 7.5 and 6.5 respectively. It is concluded that indigenous bacterial strains isolated from metal contaminated industrial effluent use their innate ability to transform toxic heavy metals to less or nontoxic form and can offer an effective tool for monitoring heavy metal contamination in the environment.


Resumo O cromo (VI), metal altamente tóxico, é um dos principais constituintes dos resíduos industriais. É liberado no solo e na água, causa problemas ambientais e de saúde de crescente preocupação pública em países em desenvolvimento como o Paquistão. O objetivo básico deste estudo foi o isolamento e a triagem de bactérias resistentes ao cromo de resíduos industriais coletados em Korangi e Lyari, Karachi (24˚52'46,0"N 66˚59'25,7"E e 24˚48'37,5"N 67˚06'52,6"E). Do total de 53 cepas isoladas, sete cepas bacterianas foram selecionadas por enriquecimento seletivo e identificadas com base em características morfológicas e bioquímicas. Essas cepas foram designadas como S11, S13, S17, S18, S30, S35 e S48, apresentaram alta resistência aos metais contra concentrações variáveis (100-1500 mg / l) de cromo. Já as cepas S35 e S48 foram identificadas por meio da sequência 16S rRNA e apresentaram 99% de similaridade com Bacillus paranthracis e Bacillus paramycoides. Além disso, as condições de crescimento incluindo temperatura e pH foram otimizadas e ambas as cepas bacterianas apresentaram crescimento máximo na temperatura de 30 ºC, enquanto seu pH ótimo foi observado em 7,5 e 6,5, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o potencial de resistência dessas bactérias resistentes ao cromo pode ser efetivamente utilizado na remoção de cromo de efluentes industriais contaminados. Técnicas de base biológica usando bactérias ajudarão a fornecer métodos mais baratos e ecológicos de remoção, recuperação e desintoxicação de cromo.


Assuntos
Cromo , Metais Pesados , Bacillus , Bactérias/genética , Biodegradação Ambiental , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Resíduos Industriais/análise
7.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 51(supl.1): Pub. 891, 2023. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1444407

Resumo

Background: Taurine is an essential amino acid for cats and its deficiency causes an ocular disorder called taurine deficiency retinopathy. The retinal lesion is definitive and can be classified into five progression stages. In an advanced stage, it leads to blindness that in most cases is irreversible. This disease is considered rare as taurine is currently supplemented in commercial cat food. The objective of this report is to describe the ophthalmic changes in a cat with advanced taurine deficiency retinopathy, a rare but current disease that is important for differential diagnosis of blindness in cats. Case: We report the case of an adult mixed-breed cat (weighing 3.4 kg), that was attended by the Ophthalmology Service of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (UNESP - Botucatu), which was treated due to complaints of poor visual acuity for about 1 year. The animal, which was previously a stray animal, had been adopted for 2 years and provided premium cat food ad libitum. Ophthalmic examination showed bilateral mydriasis, with negative menace, direct pupillary, and consensual light reflexes. No change was observed in the ocular appendages, cornea, anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous humor. The eyes were normotensive and fluorescein test negative. Direct and indirect fundoscopy revealed an area of ellipsoidal hyperreflexia with darkened margins laterally to the optic nerve disk in the tapetal region and intense retinal vascular attenuation in both eyes, with a diagnosis of taurine deficiency retinopathy. Complete blood count and biochemical analysis parameters were within the normal range, including the leukocyte count. The guardian was instructed to continue feeding the cat balanced cat food and received information on the proper care and management of a blind animal. Discussion: Although taurine deficient retinopathy is currently underdiagnosed due to the supplementation of this amino acid in commercial cat food, animals that are not properly fed, such as those receiving dog food or homemade food, may be deficient in this amino acid. Taurine deficiency and in this case, the consequent taurine deficiency retinopathy, was diagnosed by visualizing the lesion characteristic of this amino acid deficit since no other retinal change presents this aspect in cats. Therefore, this lesion is considered pathognomonic of this deficiency. Hyperreflective retinal lesions with darkened margins indicate the slow chronic progression in the already stabilized lesions. The animal in this report presented pigmented lesion margins, indicating the chronicity of these retinal changes. Moreover, lesion signs are visible on fundoscopy only after a period of 2-11 months of nutritional amino acid deficiency, and complete retinal atrophy usually occurs after at least nine months of taurine deficiency. Thus, complete blindness associated with advanced retinal changes reinforced the suspicion that the animal had taurine deficiency for a prolonged period of time prior to its adoption. Its guardian was instructed to provide balanced commercial cat food, because although retinal lesions are irreversible, cardiac changes resulting from taurine deficiency are reversed with dietary supplementation. In addition, taurine deficiency affects other organs and systems, such as the central nervous, immune, and reproductive systems. In conclusion, although taurine deficiency retinopathy is currently rare, this condition should be considered one of the possible differential diagnoses for blindness in feline patients.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Retina/lesões , Doenças Retinianas/veterinária , Taurina/análise , Aminoácidos
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e270865, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1439645

Resumo

The present study aimed to evaluate concentrations and forms of application of salicylic acid used for water stress mitigation on the gas exchange and growth of yellow passion fruit. The experimental design was arranged in randomized blocks in a 4 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) via foliar application (0.0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 mM), four SA concentrations via fertigation (0.0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 mM), and two irrigation depths estimated based on the actual evapotranspiration - ETr (50 and 100% of ETr), with three replications. Water stress negatively affected the physiology and growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings at 75 days after sowing (DAS). The application of salicylic acid, regardless of the form of application, attenuates the effects of water stress on gas exchange and growth of yellow passion fruit, with the best results obtained when applying a concentration of 1.30 mM via leaf or 0.90 mM via fertirrigation. The combination of foliar application of AS and fertigation contributed to improve photosynthetic and growth parameters under water conditions of 50 and 100% of ETr. The foliar application of AS presents superior responses to the application via fertigation. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the attenuation of water stress by salicylic acid is related to the maintenance of gas exchange, which depends on the concentration and form of application, and studies testing combinations throughout the crop cycle become promising for advances in knowledge from the action of this phytohormone on abiotic stress.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as concentrações e formas de aplicação do ácido salicílico como mitigador do estresse hídrico sobre as trocas gasosas e parâmetros de crescimento do maracujazeiro amarelo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4 × 2, com tratamentos constituídos por quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico (SA) via aplicação foliar (0,0, 0,7, 1,4 e 2,1 mM), quatro concentrações de SA via fertirrigação (0,0, 0,7, 1,4 e 2,1 mM) e duas lâminas de irrigação estimadas com base na evapotranspiração real - ETr (50 e 100% da ETr), com três repetições. O estresse hídrico afetou negativamente a fisiologia e o crescimento das mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo aos 75 dias após o semeio (DAS). A aplicação de ácido salicílico, independente da forma de aplicação, atenua os efeitos do estresse hídrico nas trocas gasosas e crescimento do maracujazeiro amarelo, com os melhores resultados obtidos ao se aplicar a concentração de 1,30 mM via foliar ou 0,90 mM via fertirrigação. A combinação de aplicação de AS via foliar e fertirrigação contribuiu para melhorar os parâmetros fotossintéticos e de crescimento nas condições hídricas de 50 e 100% da ETr. A aplicação via foliar de AS apresenta respostas superiores a aplicação via fertirrigação. Esses resultados reforçam a hipótese de que a atenuação do estresse hídrico pelo ácido salicílico está relacionada a manutenção das trocas gasosas, a qual depende da concentração e forma de aplicada, sendo que estudos testando combinações ao longo do ciclo da cultura se torna promissores para avanços nos conhecimentos provenientes da atuação desse fitormônio sobre o estresse abiótico.


Assuntos
Ácido Salicílico/administração & dosagem , Passiflora/efeitos dos fármacos , Desidratação/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 53(9): e20210769, 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1418343

Resumo

Water scarcity associated with irregular rainfall in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil stands out as a limiting factor for agricultural production. Thus, the use of waters with high concentration of salts is an alternative to expand irrigated agriculture in this region. In this context, this study evaluated the water status, intercellular electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange of 'BRS SC1' sour passion fruit as a function of irrigation with water of different levels of salinity and potassium doses. The experiment was carried out in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under field conditions at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Campina Grande in São Domingos - PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, whose treatments were obtained by combining two factors: five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1), associated with four potassium doses (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the recommendation), with three replicates. Water with electrical conductivity greater than 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the relative water content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, CO2 assimilation rate, and instantaneous water use efficiency of 'BRS SC1' sour passion fruit plants. The estimated potassium dose of 85% of the recommendation (equivalent to 293 g per plant per year) mitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of passion fruit 'BRS SC1'.


Water scarcity associated with irregular rainfall in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil stands out as a limiting factor for agricultural production. Thus, the use of waters with high concentration of salts is an alternative to expand irrigated agriculture in this region. In this context, this study evaluated the water status, intercellular electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange of 'BRS SC1' sour passion fruit as a function of irrigation with water of different levels of salinity and potassium doses. The experiment was carried out in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under field conditions at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Campina Grande in São Domingos - PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, whose treatments were obtained by combining two factors: five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1), associated with four potassium doses (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the recommendation), with three replicates. Water with electrical conductivity greater than 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the relative water content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, CO2 assimilation rate, and instantaneous water use efficiency of 'BRS SC1' sour passion fruit plants. The estimated potassium dose of 85% of the recommendation (equivalent to 293 g per plant per year) mitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of passion fruit 'BRS SC1'.


Assuntos
Potássio/administração & dosagem , Passiflora/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilizantes , Estresse Salino/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 44: e61495, mar. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1413375

Resumo

Small rivers, henceforth streams, depend on organic matter (nutrients and energy) from riparian vegetation. The quality of such allochthonous debris is determinant for the transformation of organic matter compounds, where the bacterial community has a crucial role in the final decomposition of the substrate. During bacterial colonization, debris with higher concentration of nutrients (more palatable) is prioritized, which accelerates the process. This study investigated the effects of leaf palatability of two native trees on bacterial colonization (abundance) over time, through a laboratory experiment that lasted 60 days. Values of C, N, P, C:N, C:P, polyphenols, tannins, lignin, lignin:N and leaf toughness of both species were compared. Bacterial abundance was higher in species with higher nitrogen values, although they had higher leaf toughness and more polyphenols, which differs from studies indicating that high leaf toughness represents low nutritional quality. The colonization time did not influence bacterial abundance. Therefore, processes degrading riparian vegetation and reducing nutritional quality can affect local decomposition, decreasing bacterial abundance.(AU)


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Folhas de Planta/efeitos adversos , Florestas , Fenômenos Microbiológicos
11.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e237386, 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1249227

Resumo

Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03 was observed to decolorize the azo dye Congo red in synthetic wastewater. The influence of some factors on the dye decolorization efficiency was evaluated. The optimal decolorization conditions were temperature 30-35 °C, pH 10.0, incubation time 10 h, and static condition. The kinetic of Congo red decolorization fitted to the Michaelis­Menten model (Vmax = 111.11 mg L-1 h-1 and Km = 448.3 mg L-1). The bacterium was also able to degrade benzidine, a product of azo bond breakage of the Congo red, which contributed to reduce the phytotoxicity. The ability of S. xiamenensis G5-03 for simultaneous decolorization and degradation of Congo red shows its potential application for the biological treatment of wastewaters containing azo dyes.


Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03 foi capaz de descolorir o corante azo vermelho Congo em água residuária sintética. A influência de alguns fatores na eficiência da descoloração do corante foi avaliada. As condições ótimas de descoloração foram temperatura de 30-35 °C, pH 10,0 e condições estáticas. A cinética de descoloração do vermelho Congo se ajustou ao modelo de Michaelis­Menten (Vmax = 111,11 mg L-1 h-1 and Km = 448,3 mg L-1). A bactéria também foi capaz de degradar a benzidina, um produto da quebra da ligação azo do vermelho Congo, o que contribuiu para a redução da fitotoxicidade. A habilidade da S. xiamenensis G5-03 em simultaneamente descolorir e degradar o vermelho Congo demostra seu potencial de aplicação no tratamento de águas residuárias contendo corantes azo.


Assuntos
Compostos Azo , Vermelho Congo , Benzidinas , Biodegradação Ambiental , Shewanella , Corantes
12.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-8, 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468530

Resumo

In this study, we investigated the proline and protease production of different bacteria in several organic waste materials. Our aim was to produce proline and protease economically in waste that is abundantly available while reducing its environmental impact. 5 ml of different organic waste materials (OWW: Olive waste water; N.B: Nutrient Broth; EW: Eggshell; PBS: PBS buffer; PLW: Peach leaf wastes; TCW: Turkish coffee wastes; TWW: Tea waste water; WCW: Waste cheese whey; WFO: Waste frying oil) were placed in 10 ml grow tubes, inoculated and incubated for 24 h. Phosphate-buffered saline and 10% solutions of different organic wastes were added. These cultures were subsequently incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Cells were harvested at 24 h for L-proline assay. 1 ml of culture was transferred by pipette into an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 20 min at room temperature. Cellular debris was removed by centrifuge and the supernatant was used for proline activity assays. Protease activity was determined using a modified method with casein as the substrate. We found that proline and protease can easily be produced economically using Turkish coffee wastes (TCW), Waste cheese whey (WCW) and Olive waste water (OWW) organic waste. We believe that this study will result in similar research leading to the economical use of these waste materials thus reducing their impact on the environment.


Neste estudo, investigamos a produção de prolina e protease de diferentes bactérias em diversos resíduos orgânicos. Nosso objetivo era produzir prolina e protease economicamente em resíduos que estão disponíveis em abundância, reduzindo seu impacto ambiental. Cinco ml de diferentes materiais de resíduos orgânicos (OWW: resíduos de azeitona; NB: caldo nutriente; EW: casca de ovo; PBS: tampão PBS; PLW: resíduos de folhas de pêssego; TCW: resíduos de café turco; TWW: resíduos de chá; WCW: resíduos de queijo soro de leite; WFO: óleo de fritura residual) foram colocados em tubos de cultivo de 10 ml, inoculados e incubados por 24 horas. Adicionaram-se solução salina tamponada com fosfato e soluções a 10% de diferentes resíduos orgânicos. Essas culturas foram subsequentemente incubadas a 37° C durante 24 h. As células foram colhidas às 24 h para o ensaio de L-prolina. Um ml de cultura foi transferido por pipeta para um tubo Eppendorf e centrifugado a 14.000 rpm, por 20 min, em temperatura ambiente. Os detritos celulares foram removidos por centrifugação e o sobrenadante foi usado para ensaios de atividade de prolina. A atividade da protease foi determinada usando um método modificado com caseína como substrato. Descobrimos que a prolina e a protease podem ser facilmente produzidas economicamente, usando resíduos de café turco (TCW), resíduos de soro de queijo (WCW) e resíduos orgânicos de água de oliva (OWW). Acreditamos que este estudo resultará em pesquisas semelhantes, levando ao uso econômico desses materiais residuais, reduzindo, assim, seu impacto no meio ambiente.


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Peptídeo Hidrolases/biossíntese , Prolina/biossíntese , Resíduos de Alimentos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa
13.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e244703, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278506

Resumo

In this study, oil degrading bacteria discovered from fish living near the oil ports at Karachi in Pakistan were characterized. The bacteria isolated from skin, gills, and gut in fish could consume crude oil as a source of carbon and energy. Total 36 isolates were tested using Nutrient Agar (NA) and MSA media with different crude oil concentrations (0.2%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 2%, and 5%) and 4 out of 36 isolates (two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria) were selected for further identification. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolates are related to Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus flexus, Pseudomonas brenneri and Pseudomonas azotoforman. Oil degrading potential of these bacteria was characterized by GC-MS analysis of degradation of oil components in crude oil as well as engine oil. We found that one (2, 6, 10, 14-Tetramethylpentadecane) out of 42 components in the crude oil was fully eliminated and the other oil components were reduced. In addition, 26 out of 42 oil components in the engine oil, were fully eliminated and the rest were amended. Taken together, these studies identify that B. velezensis, B. flexus, P. brenneri and P. azotoforman have high oil degrading potential, which may be useful for degradation of oil pollutants and other commercial applications.


Neste estudo, bactérias degradadoras de óleo descobertas em peixes que vivem perto dos portos de petróleo em Karachi, no Paquistão, foram caracterizadas. As bactérias isoladas da pele, guelras e intestinos dos peixes podem consumir petróleo bruto como fonte de carbono e energia. No total, 36 isolados foram testados usando Agar Nutriente (NA) e meio MSA com diferentes concentrações de óleo bruto (0,2%, 0,5%, 0,7%, 1%, 2% e 5%) e 4 de 36 isolados (dois Gram positivos e duas bactérias Gram negativas) foram selecionadas para posterior identificação. O sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA revelou que os isolados estão relacionados a Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus flexus, Pseudomonas brenneri e Pseudomonas azotoforman. O potencial de degradação do óleo dessas bactérias foi caracterizado pela análise de GC-MS da degradação dos componentes do óleo no óleo cru, bem como no óleo do motor. Descobrimos que um (2, 6, 10, 14-tetrametilpentadecano) de 42 componentes do óleo cru foi totalmente eliminado e os outros componentes do óleo foram reduzidos. Além disso, 26 dos 42 componentes do óleo do motor foram totalmente eliminados e o restante corrigido. Juntos, esses estudos identificam que B. velezensis, B. flexus, P. brenneri e P. azotoforman têm alto potencial de degradação de óleo, o que pode ser útil para a degradação de poluentes de óleo e outras aplicações comerciais.


Assuntos
Animais , Petróleo , Paquistão , Pseudomonas , Bacillus , Bactérias/genética , Biodegradação Ambiental , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Oceano Índico , Peixes
14.
Acta amaz ; 52(3): 264-269, 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1392866

Resumo

The natural durability of the wood is essential for the definition of its use, and this property can be enhanced with the proper chemical treatment of the wood. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to termites and decay fungi of Jacaranda copaia wood chemically modified through acetylation. Five experimental treatments were assessed: acetylation for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours and a control (non-acetylated). The acetylation was carried out by immersing wood samples in acetic anhydride at 90 °C. Acetylated and control samples were subjected to the action of xylophagous termites (Nasutitermes sp.) and decaying fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor). The acetylation process significantly increased the resistance of Jacaranda copaia wood to the attack of the xylophagous organisms. There was no mass loss after exposure to termites of the wood in any of the acetylation treatments, while in the control wood, mass loss was 9.5%. Regarding the decaying fungi, mass loss occurred in all treatments. Acetylation for 6 and 8 hours were the most efficient chemical treatments, increasing the resistance class of the Jacaranda copaia wood to highly resistant.(AU)


A durabilidade natural da madeira é essencial para a definição de seu uso, e essa propriedade pode ser potencializada com o tratamento químico adequado da madeira. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência da madeira de Jacaranda copaia modificada quimicamente por acetilação a cupins e fungos apodrecedores. Cinco tratamentos experimentais foram avaliados: acetilação por 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas e um controle (não acetilado). A acetilação foi realizada por imersão das amostras de madeira em anidrido acético a 90°C. Amostras acetiladas e controle foram submetidas à ação de cupins xilófagos (Nasutitermes sp.) e fungos apodrecedores (Gloeophyllum trabeum e Trametes versicolor). O processo de acetilação aumentou significativamente a resistência da madeira de Jacaranda copaia ao ataque dos organismos xilófagos. Não houve perda de massa após exposição aos cupins da madeira em nenhum dos tratamentos de acetilação, enquanto na madeira controle a perda de massa foi de 9,5%. Em relação aos fungos em decomposição, ocorreu perda de massa em todos os tratamentos. Os tratamentos químicos mais eficientes foram os de acetilação por 6 e 8 horas, elevando a classe de resistência da madeira de Jacaranda copaia para altamente resistente.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Biodegradação Ambiental , Isópteros/microbiologia , Bignoniaceae/fisiologia , Acetilação , Madeira/fisiologia , Fatores R
15.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 44: e62289, mar. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1413370

Resumo

Bioenhancement of hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms with suitable nutrients has a huge impact in achieving positive bioremediation of polluted environments. This study was conducted to assess the bio-enhancing effect of some organic amendments on Streptococcus pyogenes andEnterococcus faecalis co-culture with a view toremediating spent engine oil (SEO) contaminated soil. Top soil (1.5 kg) was autoclaved and thereafter contaminated with SEO at three levels. The contaminated soil was inoculated with bacterial co-culture (150 mL) and subsequently bioenhanced with compost,processed cocoa pod husk (CPH) and cow dung. The factorial experiment was laid out in completely randomized design. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were estimated on the first day, 5th week and 10th week of incubation. Results obtained show that bacterial co-culture bioenhanced with compost produced the most significant TPH reductions (1318 and 261 mg kg-1)on 10% SEO contaminated soil at the 5th and 10th week respectively (p<0.05). Again, bacterial co-culture bioenhanced with compost produced the most significant PAH reductions (65.9 and 55.8 mg kg-1) on 10% SEO contaminated soil at the 5th and 10th week respectively (p<0.05). The significant bioremediation capabilities exhibited by the bacterial co-culture bioenhanced with organic amendments in this study has made these bioremediation agents potential candidates in remediating soils impacted with petroleum hydrocarbons.(AU)


Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo/efeitos adversos , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Streptococcus pyogenes , Biodegradação Ambiental , Enterococcus faecalis , Carga Bacteriana , Hidrocarbonetos/efeitos adversos
16.
Braz. J. Biol. ; 82: 1-8, 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-31632

Resumo

In this study, we investigated the proline and protease production of different bacteria in several organic waste materials. Our aim was to produce proline and protease economically in waste that is abundantly available while reducing its environmental impact. 5 ml of different organic waste materials (OWW: Olive waste water; N.B: Nutrient Broth; EW: Eggshell; PBS: PBS buffer; PLW: Peach leaf wastes; TCW: Turkish coffee wastes; TWW: Tea waste water; WCW: Waste cheese whey; WFO: Waste frying oil) were placed in 10 ml grow tubes, inoculated and incubated for 24 h. Phosphate-buffered saline and 10% solutions of different organic wastes were added. These cultures were subsequently incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Cells were harvested at 24 h for L-proline assay. 1 ml of culture was transferred by pipette into an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 20 min at room temperature. Cellular debris was removed by centrifuge and the supernatant was used for proline activity assays. Protease activity was determined using a modified method with casein as the substrate. We found that proline and protease can easily be produced economically using Turkish coffee wastes (TCW), Waste cheese whey (WCW) and Olive waste water (OWW) organic waste. We believe that this study will result in similar research leading to the economical use of these waste materials thus reducing their impact on the environment.(AU)


Neste estudo, investigamos a produção de prolina e protease de diferentes bactérias em diversos resíduos orgânicos. Nosso objetivo era produzir prolina e protease economicamente em resíduos que estão disponíveis em abundância, reduzindo seu impacto ambiental. Cinco ml de diferentes materiais de resíduos orgânicos (OWW: resíduos de azeitona; NB: caldo nutriente; EW: casca de ovo; PBS: tampão PBS; PLW: resíduos de folhas de pêssego; TCW: resíduos de café turco; TWW: resíduos de chá; WCW: resíduos de queijo soro de leite; WFO: óleo de fritura residual) foram colocados em tubos de cultivo de 10 ml, inoculados e incubados por 24 horas. Adicionaram-se solução salina tamponada com fosfato e soluções a 10% de diferentes resíduos orgânicos. Essas culturas foram subsequentemente incubadas a 37° C durante 24 h. As células foram colhidas às 24 h para o ensaio de L-prolina. Um ml de cultura foi transferido por pipeta para um tubo Eppendorf e centrifugado a 14.000 rpm, por 20 min, em temperatura ambiente. Os detritos celulares foram removidos por centrifugação e o sobrenadante foi usado para ensaios de atividade de prolina. A atividade da protease foi determinada usando um método modificado com caseína como substrato. Descobrimos que a prolina e a protease podem ser facilmente produzidas economicamente, usando resíduos de café turco (TCW), resíduos de soro de queijo (WCW) e resíduos orgânicos de água de oliva (OWW). Acreditamos que este estudo resultará em pesquisas semelhantes, levando ao uso econômico desses materiais residuais, reduzindo, assim, seu impacto no meio ambiente.(AU)


Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Resíduos de Alimentos , Peptídeo Hidrolases/biossíntese , Prolina/biossíntese , Pseudomonas aeruginosa
17.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-8, 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468558

Resumo

In this study, oil degrading bacteria discovered from fish living near the oil ports at Karachi in Pakistan were characterized. The bacteria isolated from skin, gills, and gut in fish could consume crude oil as a source of carbon and energy. Total 36 isolates were tested using Nutrient Agar (NA) and MSA media with different crude oil concentrations (0.2%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 2%, and 5%) and 4 out of 36 isolates (two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria) were selected for further identification. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolates are related to Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus flexus, Pseudomonas brenneri and Pseudomonas azotoforman. Oil degrading potential of these bacteria was characterized by GC-MS analysis of degradation of oil components in crude oil as well as engine oil. We found that one (2, 6, 10, 14-Tetramethylpentadecane) out of 42 components in the crude oil was fully eliminated and the other oil components were reduced. In addition, 26 out of 42 oil components in the engine oil, were fully eliminated and the rest were amended. Taken together, these studies identify that B. velezensis, B. flexus, P. brenneri and P. azotoforman have high oil degrading potential, which may be useful for degradation of oil pollutants and other commercial applications.


Neste estudo, bactérias degradadoras de óleo descobertas em peixes que vivem perto dos portos de petróleo em Karachi, no Paquistão, foram caracterizadas. As bactérias isoladas da pele, guelras e intestinos dos peixes podem consumir petróleo bruto como fonte de carbono e energia. No total, 36 isolados foram testados usando Agar Nutriente (NA) e meio MSA com diferentes concentrações de óleo bruto (0,2%, 0,5%, 0,7%, 1%, 2% e 5%) e 4 de 36 isolados (dois Gram positivos e duas bactérias Gram negativas) foram selecionadas para posterior identificação. O sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA revelou que os isolados estão relacionados a Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus flexus, Pseudomonas brenneri e Pseudomonas azotoforman. O potencial de degradação do óleo dessas bactérias foi caracterizado pela análise de GC-MS da degradação dos componentes do óleo no óleo cru, bem como no óleo do motor. Descobrimos que um (2, 6, 10, 14-tetrametilpentadecano) de 42 componentes do óleo cru foi totalmente eliminado e os outros componentes do óleo foram reduzidos. Além disso, 26 dos 42 componentes do óleo do motor foram totalmente eliminados e o restante corrigido. Juntos, esses estudos identificam que B. velezensis, B. flexus, P. brenneri e P. azotoforman têm alto potencial de degradação de óleo, o que pode ser útil para a degradação de poluentes de óleo e outras aplicações comerciais.


Assuntos
Bacillus/genética , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Biodegradação Ambiental/métodos , Poluição por Petróleo/prevenção & controle , Pseudomonas/genética , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Remoção de Contaminantes/métodos , Peixes
18.
Sci. agric ; 79(5): e20210064, 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1341696

Resumo

Reducing soil degradation and its impacts on the environment have been one of the main challenges of the 21st century, exacerbated by a direct link between increases in the human population and soil degradation that raises current and future food security concerns. Despite this, experiences worldwide reveal that degraded land restoration projects have either achieved little success or failed. Thus, understanding the underlying causes and devising appropriate restoration mechanisms is crucial. Soil amelioration using beneficial microorganisms, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is essential and pragmatic. Glomalin, a type of glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the phylum Glomeromycota, contributes to the mitigation of soil degradation. Moreover, AMF and glomalin are highly correlated with other soil physico-chemical parameters and are sensitive to changes in the environment. As a result of this, they have been recommended for monitoring the recovery of degraded soil or stages of soil degradation. In this review, we discuss the role of AMF and glomalin in the restoration of degraded soils, including improvements to the soil structure and soil organic matter (SOM), microbial activity, reduction of fertility loss, bioremediation, and mitigation of the effects of drought and saline stress. We highlight the research gaps and discuss the prospects. This knowledge will improve our understanding of the ecological conduct of glomalin and AMF, stimulate future research, and be useful to sustainable restoration of degraded lands. Furthermore, we discussed the challenges and obstacles in the legislation and future perspectives on the production of inoculants based on AMF in Brazil.


Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/análise , Características do Solo/análise , Tratamento do Solo/legislação & jurisprudência , Micorrizas , Fenômenos Químicos , Biodegradação Ambiental/efeitos dos fármacos
19.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e259016, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1394099

Resumo

Water deficit to causes serious problems in the growth and development of plants, impairing their metabolism. Thus, it is necessary to use agents that can mitigate plant damage. This study assesses the potential of silicon to mitigate water deficit stress in Dipteryx alata Vogel seedlings and to help in their recovery after the resumption of irrigation. The study analyzed four water regimes: (I) Continuous irrigation; (II) Water deficit without Si; (III) Water deficit + 0.75 mL Si; and (IV) Water deficit + 1.50 mL Si. Seedlings were evaluated in four periods: (1) (T0 ­ time zero) at the beginning of the experiment, before irrigation suspension; (2) (P0) when the photosynthetic rates (A) of seedlings under irrigation suspension reached values close to zero, period in which irrigation was resumed; (3) (REC) when A reached values ​​close to those of seedlings under continuous irrigation, characterizing the recovery period; and (4) (END) 45 days after REC, when seedlings were kept under continuous irrigation, similar to the control. Application of 0.75 mL Si alleviates damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of D. alata seedlings that remain longer under water deficit, and contributes to faster physiological recovery after the resumption of irrigation. D. alata seedlings have recovery potential after the stress period, regardless of Si application.


O déficit hídrico vem ocasionando sérios problemas no crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, fazendo com que ocorram danos no seu metabolismo. Assim, faz necessário o uso de agentes que possam mitigar os danos ocasionados nas plantas. Objetivamos neste estudo verificar o potencial do silício de mitigar os efeitos estressantes do déficit hídrico em mudas de Dipteryx alata Vogel, e auxiliar na recuperação após a retomada da irrigação. Foram estudados quatro regimes hídricos: (I) Irrigação contínua; (II): Déficit hídrico + Si 0; (III): Déficit hídrico + 0.75 mL de Si e (IV): Déficit hídrico + 1.50 mL de Si. As mudas foram avaliadas em quatro períodos: (1) (T0 ­ tempo zero) início do experimento, período antes de iniciar a suspensão da irrigação, (2) (F0) quando os valores da taxa fotossintética nas mudas sob suspensão da irrigação chegaram próximos à zero, quando ocorreu a retomada da irrigação; (3) (REC) quando os valores de A alcançaram valores próximos ao das mudas sob irrigação contínua, caracterizando o período de recuperação e (4) (FINAL) 45 dias após a REC quando as mudas foram mantidas sob irrigação contínua, semelhante ao controle. A aplicação de 0.75 mL de Si alivia os danos ao aparato fotossintético das mudas de D. alata por maior período sob déficit hídrico, e contribui na recuperação fisiológica de maneira mais rápida após a retomada da irrigação. As mudas de D. alata apresentam potencial de recuperação após o período de estresse, independente da aplicação de Si.


Assuntos
Silício , Desidratação , Dipteryx/crescimento & desenvolvimento
20.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 44: e52779, mar. 2022. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1367956

Resumo

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects several physiological and biochemical aspects of plants. Antioxidants can be used as a potential remediation mechanism to promote plant resilience. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate increasing doses of the antioxidant lycopene on the germination and initial growth of common bean seedlings under conditions of salt stress. Seeds were treated with the following lycopene concentrations: 0.018; 0.036; 0.072; 0.144; and 0.288 g L-1 and two controls (negative and positive) and evaluated under two growth conditions (without and with salt stress) for physiological quality and pigment content. Data were analyzed by completely randomized design, in 2 x 7 factorial (two growth conditions, with paper towel moistened with water or salt solution x seven treatments, including five lycopene doses and two controls), in four replicates of 50 seeds by concentration. With the results of the analysis of variance, growth conditions (without and with salt stress) were compared by the Tukey test (5%), and the effects of lycopene doses were analyzed by polynomial regression. Lycopene promoted tolerance of bean seeds to salt stress and had a positive influence on the attenuation of salt harmful effects to the initial growth of seedlings, mainly at the doses of 0.072 g L-1 and 0.144 g L-1.(AU)


Assuntos
Estresse Fisiológico , Phaseolus/fisiologia , Phaseolus/química , Licopeno , Estresse Salino , Salinidade , Antioxidantes
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