Resumo

Background: The Transmissible Venereal Tumour (TVT) is a round cell neoplasm that affects dogs. Its localisation is predominantly venereal; however, it can be found in extragenital regions, such as skin, nostrils, mouth and eyes. This paper describes a case of nasal TVT in a geriatric dog, performing its clinical, laboratory, therapeutic and prognostic analysis. Case: A 13-year-old male dog, mixed breed, non-castrated, domiciled, weighing 19,200 kg, was attended at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (CMPA) of the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the Multidisciplinary Centre of the Barra Campus, Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB), presenting cachexia, reactive lymph nodes except the popliteal ones, dehydration, dyspnoea, arrhythmia, frequent sneezing with serous and yellowish nasal discharge, cough, difficulty in breathing, increased volume in the face (left nasal plane), enlarged volume above the right eye with a suppurative wound just below. The animal's haemogram revealed the presence of normocytic normochromic anaemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis with left regenerative shift and hyperproteinaemia. The serum biochemical tests for renal function (urea and creatinine) and hepatic function (ALT, AST and AF) showed normal levels. The cytological evaluation showed a mono-morphic population of large cells with a round nucleus, condensed chromatin and 1 to 2 prominent nucleoli, abundant and slightly basophilic cytoplasm, with multiple punctuated vacuoles, showing discrete anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and mitotic figures, confirming a case of TVT. In addition, the presence of neutrophils was evidenced, indicating an inflammatory process. Simultaneously, an X-ray of the skull was requested, which was not returned. A chemotherapy protocol was instituted using vincristine sulphate [0.025 mg/kg IV], for 5 sessions with an interval of 1 week between each session, clinical and laboratory monitoring of the regression of neoplastic cells, demonstrating total efficacy. It is worth noting that after the 2nd application of the pharmaceutical, the animal presented adverse reactions, with clinical symptoms of emesis, decreased appetite and weight loss; so, the animal was then subjected to fluid therapy, treatment with immunostimulants, appetite stimulants and antiemetics, which influenced its clinical improvement. Discussion: The importance of complementary diagnostic tests in the routine of veterinary clinics and hospitals is notice-able, aimed at establishing the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of diseases. In the present report, diverging from the majority of cases described in the literature, the animal showed signs of neoplasia at 13 years of age, in a context of reduced sexual activity. It is believed that the fact that he has free access to the street and has olfactory habits inherent to the canine species in terms of contact with the genital region of other animals, left him exposed to factors that determined the transmissibility of the neoplasm. Weekly clinical follow-up as well as laboratory tests, was essential to ascertain the effectiveness of the treatment, the presence of adverse reactions and the introduction of new drugs. The normocytic normo-chromic anaemia possibly occurred in response to the nodular and haemorrhagic characteristics of the tumour tissue. The leukocytosis due to neutrophilia and hyperproteinaemia would be related to the occurrence of an acute infectious process, probably bacterial. It is concluded that although geriatric patients present immunosuppression more easily than other age groups, in cases of TVT, the therapeutic approach with vincristine sulphate, and the clinical and laboratory follow-up adopted influence the good prognosis concerning neoplastic regression.

Resumo

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between energy, protein, enzymatic metabolism, and residual feed intake (RFI) in purebred Nellore bulls. A total of 120 Nellore bulls, individually housed, underwent performance trials while being fed a high-concentrate diet. The study utilized data from the 10 most efficient, least efficient, and moderately efficient animals. Blood samples were collected via venipuncture for a complete blood count, and serum was analyzed for albumin, total protein, urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, gamma GT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase. The data were subjected to a completely randomized design with three treatments and 10 replicates, and treatment means were compared using the Tukey test. Pearson's linear correlation analysis was performed. The most efficient animals demonstrated a 27.62% reduction in feed intake compared to the least efficient ones. No significant differences were observed in the serum biochemistry between different RFI classes. Inefficient animals exhibited elevated mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), a red blood cell index, which correlated with RFI, gain-to-feed ratio, and dry matter intake (r = 0.46, 0.42, and -0.42, respectively). Hemoglobin concentration showed correlations with RFI and gain-to-feed ratio (r = 0.36, -0.41, respectively). These findings suggest potential variations in oxygen-carrying capacity. Red blood cell parameters could serve as biomarkers for identifying inefficient animals.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as associações entre o metabolismo energético, proteico e enzimático com o consumo alimentar residual (CAR) de touros Nelore puros. Um total de 120 touros Nelore, alojados individualmente, passaram por provas de desempenho enquanto eram alimentados com uma dieta rica em concentrado. O estudo utilizou dados dos 10 animais mais eficientes, menos eficientes e moderadamente eficientes. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por punção venosa para hemograma e o soro foi analisado para albumina, proteína total, ureia, creatinina, glicose, colesterol, gama GT, AST e fosfatase alcalina. Os dados foram submetidos a um delineamento completamente casualizado com três tratamentos e 10 repetições, e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas usando o teste de Tukey. Foi realizada uma análise de correlação linear de Pearson. Os animais mais eficientes demonstraram uma redução de 27,62% no consumo de materia seca em comparação com os menos eficientes. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na bioquímica serica entre diferentes classes de RFI. Animais ineficientes apresentaram aumento na hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), um índice hematimetrico, que se correlacionou com RFI, eficiencia alimentar e consumo de matéria seca (r = 0,46; 0,42 e -0,42; respectivamente). A concentração de hemoglobina mostrou correlações com RFI e eficiencia alimentar (r = 0,36; -0,41, respectivamente). Esses achados sugerem variações potenciais na capacidade de transporte de oxigênio. O hemograma e seus parâmetros de células vermelhas do sangue podem servir como biomarcadores para identificar animais ineficientes.(AU)

Resumo

This study assessed the effect of subclinical mastitis on the productivity and inflammatory markers in Jersey dairy cows. Blood, milk, and milk yield data were collected from 59 Jersey dairy cows reared under a semi-extensive system. Milk samples were collected from individual collectors and evaluated for their somatic cell count (SCC), lactose (Lact), protein, fat, total and defatted dry extracts (DDE), casein, freezing point, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) levels. After milking, blood was collected by puncturing the coccygeal arteriovenous complex. In the serum samples, the inflammatory biomarkers paraoxonase-1, albumin, and total plasma protein levels were analyzed using colorimetric methods. Samples of the entire diet provided and pastures were submitted for bromatological analysis. Additionally, the body condition score, number of lactations, milk yield, days of lactation, calving interval, number of inseminations until conception, calving-conception interval, and days of pregnancy were analyzed. The cows were categorized based on their SCC into a subclinical mastitis group (SubG), with SCC levels greater than or equal to 200,000 cells/mL, and a control group (CG), with SCC levels below 200,000 cells/mL. Blood metabolic variables, milk quality, and milk production data were analyzed using multivariate regression, analysis of variance, and logistic regression using the SAS® program. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that several markers, such as Lact, total protein, and casein, influenced milk composition, predicting over 97% of the data. The SubG showed lower concentrations of Lact (4.37 vs. 4.47%; P = 0.0002), MUN (20.55 vs. 23.85 mg/dL; P = 0.02), and DDE (9.24 vs. 9.50%; P = 0.02) compared with the CG; moreover, animals in the SubG had a higher number of lactations compared with those in the CG (4.30 vs. 2.69; P = 0.0039). Cows with a Lact content lower than 4.265% (quartile 25%), compared with those with Lact content greater than 4.565% (quartile 100%), were 52 times more likely to have subclinical mastitis. Jersey dairy cows with subclinical mastitis have lower Lact, urea, and defatted dry extract levels in their milk as well as a higher number of lactations. Therefore, Lact levels in milk serve as a good diagnostic marker of subclinical mastitis in Jersey cows. Subclinical mastitis in Jersey dairy cows did not decrease milk yield nor effect reproductive performance.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da mastite subclínica sobre os marcadores produtivos e inflamatórios em vacas leiteiras da raça Jersey. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, leite e dados produtivos de 59 vacas Jersey mantidas em sistema semi-extensivo. As amostras de leite foram coletadas a partir do uso do copo coletor individual e avaliadas quanto a contagem de células somáticas (CCS), lactose (Lact), proteína, gordura, extrato seco total e desengordurado (ESD), caseína, ponto de congelamento e nitrogênio ureico (Nul). A colheita de sangue foi realizada após a ordenha, por punção do complexo arteriovenoso coccígeo. Nas amostras de soro foram analisados os biomarcadores inflamatórios Paraoxonase-1, albumina e proteínas plasmáticas totais, por métodos colorimétricos. Amostras da dieta total fornecida e das pastagens foram submetidas as análises bromatológicas. Além disso, foram analisados o escore de condição corporal, número de lactações, produção, dias em lactação, intervalo entre partos, número de inseminações até concepção, intervalo parto concepção e dias de gestação. As vacas foram categorizadas pela contagem de células somáticas (CCS) em grupo com mastite subclínica (Gsub) com resultados de CCS maiores ou iguais a 200.000 céls/ml e grupo controle (GC) com níveis de CCS abaixo de 200.000 céls/mL. Os dados das variáveis metabólicas sanguíneas, qualidade do leite e dados produtivos foram submetidos a regressão multivariada, análise de variância e regressão logística utilizando o programa SAS®. A análise de regressão multivariada demonstrou que vários marcadores influenciam na composição do leite, predizendo mais que 97% dos dados, como para os parâmetros lactose, proteína total e caseína. O GSub apresentou menores concentrações de Lact (4,37 vs 4,47%; P = 0,0002), Nul (20,55 vs 23,85 mg/dL; P = 0,02) e de ESD (9,24% vs 9,50%; P = 0,02) em comparação ao GC. Foi observado que os animais do Gsub possuíam maior número de lactações em relação ao GC (4,30 vs 2,69; P =0,0039). As vacas que apresentaram teores de lactose menores que 4,265% (Quartil 25) em comparação com as de percentuais maiores que 4,565% (Quartil 100) apresentaram 52 vezes mais chances de ter mastite subclínica. Vacas Jersey com mastite subclínica possuem menor teor de lactose, ureia e extrato seco desengordurado no leite, apresentando também maior número de lactações. A lactose se mostrou um bom marcador no leite para diagnóstico de mastite subclínica em vacas Jersey. A mastite subclínica em vacas leiteiras da raça Jersey não diminuiu a produção de leite e não afetou o desempenho reprodutivo.(AU)

Resumo

The aimed of this study was to evaluate the influence of dietary protein levels on the biochemical and hematological parameters of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). A total of 60 pirarucus specimens were used with an initial average weight of 499 ± 36 g and an initial average length of 40.30 ± 10.10 cm, stocked with densities of four pirarucus per fish tank network 48 m2 of water surface. Feed was provided three times a day (8 am, 1 and 6 pm), with five different levels of crude protein (CP) in diet: 34, 36; 38 and 40 and 45% CP. The fish were euthanized at 310 experimental days with an average of 8.0 ± 1.0 kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected by tail vessel venipuncture, divided into two aliquots 2 mL and used for determination of biochemical levels and blood count. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression for CP levels, with the results showed as averages followed by the standard deviation. Orthogonal contrasts were applied to verify linear and quadratic effects at 5% significance. It was observed that the parameters referring to the blood count, given by erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, MCV, HCM, CHCM, glucose and total proteins showed no differences between the different diets. The average values of total proteins were 3.80 ± 0.30 g L-1, glucose and triglycerides shown averages 43.45 ± 5.65 and 56.98 ± 5.80 mg dL-1, respectively. The maximum cholesterol level 120.00 ± 13.33 mg dL-1 was obtained at the 35.4% CP level in the growth phase. Protein levels in diet influenced the cholesterol levels in the pirarucu growth phase, however, they did not influence the other biochemical and hematological parameters.(AU)

Resumo

Symphysodon discus is known in the world of aquariums for its market value, beauty, and behavior. However, more substantial information about its physiology and biology must be available, which can hinder its development and maintenance in breeding systems. The study evaluated the blood biochemistry and erythrogram of 20 specimens of S. discus captured in the municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas, with an average weight of 89.80 ± 7.13 g and an average length of 13.48 ± 0.55 cm. The erythrogram evaluated variables such as hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Blood biochemistry was analyzed, including cholesterol levels, total proteins, triglycerides, glucose, urea, and chlorides. Intra-specific variations were observed between the surveyed individuals about the Hb, MCV, and MCH values. The values of triglycerides, cholesterol, and chlorides were elevated compared to other cichlids. This study may be useful to serve as a parameter to indicate the normal health conditions of this Amazonian cichlid. It can be applied in studies for ornamental fish farming and actions for managing and conserving the species.

Symphysodon discus é conhecido no mundo dos aquários por seu valor de mercado, beleza e comportamento. Informações substanciais sobre a sua fisiologia e biologia devem estar disponíveis, o que pode dificultar seu desenvolvimento e manutenção em sistemas de reprodução. O estudo avaliou a bioquímica sanguínea e o eritrograma de 20 exemplares de S. discus capturados no município de Barcelos, Amazonas, com peso médio de 89,80 ± 7,13 g e comprimento médio de 13,48 ± 0,55 cm. O eritrograma avaliou variáveis como hematócrito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), contagem de hemácias (hemácias), volume corpuscular médio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM). A bioquímica sanguínea foi analisada, incluindo níveis de colesterol, proteínas totais, triglicerídeos, glicose, uréia e cloretos. Foram observadas variações intraespecíficas entre os indivíduos pesquisados quanto aos valores de Hb, VCM e HCM. Os valores de triglicerídeos, colesterol e cloretos foram elevados em comparação com outros ciclídeos. Este estudo pode ser útil para servir de parâmetro para indicar as condições normais de saúde desse ciclídeo amazônico. Pode ser aplicado em estudos para piscicultura ornamental e ações de manejo e conservação da espécie.

Resumo

Abstract Nanoparticles are considered viable options in the treatment of cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetite folate core shell (MFCS) on leukemic and hepatocarcinoma cell cultures as well as their effect on the animal model of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Through current study nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized by various techniques, and their properties were studied to confirm their nanostructure. Invivo study, nanoparticles were evaluated to inspect their cytotoxic activity against SNU-182 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), K562 (human leukemia), and THLE2 (human normal epithelial liver) cells via MTT test. Apoptotic signaling proteins Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expression were inspected through RT-PCR method. A cytotoxic effect of MNPs and MFCS was detected in previous cell cultures. Moreover, the apoptosis was identified through significant up-regulation of caspase-3, with Bcl-2 down-regulation. Invitro study, AML was induced in rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea followed by oral treatment with MNPS and MFCS. Biochemical indices such as aspartate and alanine amino transferases, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, uric acid, complete blood count, and Beta -2-microglubulin were assessed in serum. Immunophenotyping for CD34 and CD38 detection was performed. Liver, kidney, and bone marrow were microscopically examined. Bcl-2 promoter methylation, and mRNA levels were examined. Although, both MNPs and MFCS depict amelioration in biochemical parameters, MFCS alleviated them toward normal control. Anticancer activity of MNPs and MFCS was approved especially for AML. Whenever, administration of MFCS was more effective than MNPs. The present work is one of few studies used MFCS as anticancer agent.

Resumo Nanopartículas são consideradas opções viáveis no tratamento do câncer. Este estudo foi conduzido para investigar o efeito de nanopartículas de magnetita (MNPs) e núcleo de folato de magnetita (MFCS) em culturas de células leucêmicas e de hepatocarcinoma, bem como seu efeito no modelo animal de leucemia mielocítica aguda (LMA). Através do atual estudo, nanopartículas foram sintetizadas, caracterizadas por várias técnicas, e suas propriedades foram estudadas para confirmar sua nanoestrutura. No estudo in vivo, as nanopartículas foram avaliadas para inspecionar sua atividade citotóxica contra células SNU-182 (carcinoma hepatocelular humano), K562 (leucemia humana) e THLE2 (fígado epitelial humano normal) por meio do teste MTT. A expressão das proteínas sinalizadoras apoptóticas Bcl-2 e Caspase-3 foram inspecionadas através do método RT-PCR. Um efeito citotóxico de MNPs e MFCS foi detectado em culturas de células anteriores. Além disso, a apoptose foi identificada por meio de regulação positiva significativa da Caspase-3, com regulação negativa de Bcl-2. No estudo in vitro, a AML foi induzida em ratos por N-metil-N-nitrosoureia seguida por tratamento oral com MNPS e MFCS. Índices bioquímicos como aspartato e alanina aminotransferases e atividades de lactato desidrogenase, ácido úrico, hemograma completo e Beta-2-microglubulina foram avaliados no soro. A imunofenotipagem para detecção de CD34 e CD38 foi realizada. Fígado, rim e medula óssea foram examinados microscopicamente. A metilação do promotor Bcl-2 e os níveis de mRNA foram examinados. Embora tanto os MNPs quanto os MFCS representem uma melhora nos parâmetros bioquímicos, o MFCS os aliviou em direção ao controle normal. A atividade anticâncer de MNPs e MFCS foi aprovada especialmente para AML. Sempre, a administração de MFCS foi mais eficaz do que MNPs. O presente trabalho é um dos poucos estudos que utilizou o MFCS como agente anticâncer.

Resumo

Abstract The demand for products to replace high-cost raw materials, such oil and fish meal, in the manufacture of feed for use in aquaculture, while also guaranteeing the nutritional quality of the diets, is increasing. Silage produced with fish and vegetables residues is a low-cost and efficient protein source. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of tambaqui fingerlings fed four different levels of silage included in commercial feed with 28% crude protein, over two periods: 45 and 90 days. Each treatment was carried out over three replications, with 10 tambaqui in each 100 L experimental tank. At the end of each established period, blood samples were collected from five animals from each repetition to determine the hematological and biochemical variables. Body weight and total length, hepatosomatic and liposomal indices and hematocrit of specimens fed with diets supplemented with silage did not exhibit significant changes in both assessment period. After 45 days of feeding, the hemoglobin concentration increased when tambaqui were fed a diet including 20% silage. The red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin did not change between treatments in either period. The total protein concentrations increased significantly in the plasma of tambaqui fed with diets with the inclusion of 5 and 10% of silage, evaluated after feeding for 45 days. It was found that the groups which had silage included in their diet did not exhibit significant alterations in the evaluated parameters, and the diet was therefore not consider harmful to the health of tambaqui. Therefore, the use of silage as a feed supplement during tambaqui farming is a sustainable alternative for producers, as it leads to a reduction of impacts of fish and vegetables waste disposal.

Resumo A procura por insumos que substituam produtos de alto custo, como óleo e farinha de peixe, na fabricação de rações para uso na aquicultura é crescente, sendo necessário garantir a qualidade nutricional das dietas. A silagem produzida a partir de resíduos de pescado e de vegetais apresenta-se como uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficiente fonte proteica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas de alevinos de tambaqui alimentados com quatro níveis de inclusão de silagem em ração comercial com 28% de proteína bruta, em dois períodos: 45 e 90 dias. Cada tratamento foi realizado em três repetições, com 10 tambaquis em cada caixa experimental de 100 L. Ao término de cada período estabelecido, amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas de cinco animais de cada repetição para determinação das variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas. Peso, comprimento total e índices hepatossomático e lipossomático de espécimes alimentados com silagem não mostraram alterações significativas em ambos os períodos de avaliação, bem como os valores de hematócrito. A concentração de hemoglobina de tambaqui após 45 dias de alimentação aumentou quando foi fornecida dieta com inclusão de 20% de silagem. A contagem de eritrócitos, volume corpuscular médio e hemoglobina corpuscular média não apresentaram alterações entre os tratamentos, em ambos os períodos. As proteínas totais aumentaram significativamente no plasma de tambaquis que receberam dietas com inclusão de 5 e 10% de silagem, avaliados após 45 dias de alimentação. Evidenciou-se que os grupos com inclusão de silagem na dieta não apresentaram alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados, assim não sendo prejudiciais à higidez do tambaqui. Portanto, o uso da silagem como suplemento alimentar durante o cultivo do tambaqui é uma alternativa sustentável para produtores, por promover a redução do descarte de resíduos de pescado e da agricultura.

Resumo

This work aimed to compare the efficiency of two commercial recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) formulations on productive, metabolic, behavioral, and feeding parameters of mid-lactation Holstein cows. Eighteen secondiparous cows were randomly assigned to two groups to be treated with injectable rbST (rbST-Fast, Boostin ® , MSD Saúde Animal; and rbST-Slow, Lactotropin ® , Agener União Saúde Animal). Cows were rbST-treated during five cycles of 14 days each, totaling 70 days. Blood samples were collected thrice in each cycle to assess metabolic markers. Daily, automatic feeders and individual monitoring collars measured behavior and feed intake. Milk samples were collected weekly to evaluate milk composition and somatic cell count. The rbST-Fast group had higher milk production ( p = 0.03) and tended to present greater feed intake ( p = 0.07). In addition, animals treated with rbST-Fast had higher ( p < 0.01) concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and tended ( p = 0.09) to have lower serum glucose values. As for the variation in body weight, cows treated with rbST-Fast lost approximately three times more weight ( p < 0.01) than rbST-Slow cows. Regarding milk components, cows from the rbST-Fast group produced milk with a higher lactose content ( p = 0.05). In conclusion, rbST-Fast treated cows produced more milk, had higher feed intake, and showed a higher degree of lipid mobilization, demonstrated through the higher body weight loss and higher NEFA concentrations.

Resumo

Abstract Nanoparticles are considered viable options in the treatment of cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetite folate core shell (MFCS) on leukemic and hepatocarcinoma cell cultures as well as their effect on the animal model of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Through current study nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized by various techniques, and their properties were studied to confirm their nanostructure. Invivo study, nanoparticles were evaluated to inspect their cytotoxic activity against SNU-182 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), K562 (human leukemia), and THLE2 (human normal epithelial liver) cells via MTT test. Apoptotic signaling proteins Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expression were inspected through RT-PCR method. A cytotoxic effect of MNPs and MFCS was detected in previous cell cultures. Moreover, the apoptosis was identified through significant up-regulation of caspase-3, with Bcl-2 down-regulation. Invitro study, AML was induced in rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea followed by oral treatment with MNPS and MFCS. Biochemical indices such as aspartate and alanine amino transferases, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, uric acid, complete blood count, and Beta -2-microglubulin were assessed in serum. Immunophenotyping for CD34 and CD38 detection was performed. Liver, kidney, and bone marrow were microscopically examined. Bcl-2 promoter methylation, and mRNA levels were examined. Although, both MNPs and MFCS depict amelioration in biochemical parameters, MFCS alleviated them toward normal control. Anticancer activity of MNPs and MFCS was approved especially for AML. Whenever, administration of MFCS was more effective than MNPs. The present work is one of few studies used MFCS as anticancer agent.

Resumo Nanopartículas são consideradas opções viáveis ​​no tratamento do câncer. Este estudo foi conduzido para investigar o efeito de nanopartículas de magnetita (MNPs) e núcleo de folato de magnetita (MFCS) em culturas de células leucêmicas e de hepatocarcinoma, bem como seu efeito no modelo animal de leucemia mielocítica aguda (LMA). Através do atual estudo, nanopartículas foram sintetizadas, caracterizadas por várias técnicas, e suas propriedades foram estudadas para confirmar sua nanoestrutura. No estudo in vivo, as nanopartículas foram avaliadas para inspecionar sua atividade citotóxica contra células SNU-182 (carcinoma hepatocelular humano), K562 (leucemia humana) e THLE2 (fígado epitelial humano normal) por meio do teste MTT. A expressão das proteínas sinalizadoras apoptóticas Bcl-2 e Caspase-3 foram inspecionadas através do método RT-PCR. Um efeito citotóxico de MNPs e MFCS foi detectado em culturas de células anteriores. Além disso, a apoptose foi identificada por meio de regulação positiva significativa da Caspase-3, com regulação negativa de Bcl-2. No estudo in vitro, a AML foi induzida em ratos por N-metil-N-nitrosoureia seguida por tratamento oral com MNPS e MFCS. Índices bioquímicos como aspartato e alanina aminotransferases e atividades de lactato desidrogenase, ácido úrico, hemograma completo e Beta-2-microglubulina foram avaliados no soro. A imunofenotipagem para detecção de CD34 e CD38 foi realizada. Fígado, rim e medula óssea foram examinados microscopicamente. A metilação do promotor Bcl-2 e os níveis de mRNA foram examinados. Embora tanto os MNPs quanto os MFCS representem uma melhora nos parâmetros bioquímicos, o MFCS os aliviou em direção ao controle normal. A atividade anticâncer de MNPs e MFCS foi aprovada especialmente para AML. Sempre, a administração de MFCS foi mais eficaz do que MNPs. O presente trabalho é um dos poucos estudos que utilizou o MFCS como agente anticâncer.

Resumo

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on the systemic profile of naturally infected dairy heifers during the transition period. Pregnant Holstein and Jersey heifers (n=24) were distributed in pairs into two experimental groups: (BLV+) and (BLV-). Animals in the BLV+ group were divided into two subgroups based on the median BLV proviral load (high and low). The animals were then assessed at weeks -3, -2, -1, calving time (0), +1, +2, and +3. Blood samples were obtained for hematological and biochemical analyses, as well as haptoglobin measurements. Farm BLV screening revealed a herd BLV prevalence of 57.25% and heifer BLV prevalence of 38.7%. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was the only hematological variable for which group interaction was observed, with BLV+ cattle having higher values (33.29 ± 3.39%) than BLV- cattle (31.08 ± 2.31%). Aspartate aminotransferase activity was higher in the BLV+ heifers. The BLV+ group had greater incidence of inflammation (haptoglobin ≥ 2.0 mg/dL). Fibrinogen concentrations were also higher at weeks 0 and +1 in BLV+ heifers than in BLV- heifers. A high proviral load affected total leukocyte and lymphocyte count; however, this profile was not observed in the low proviral load and paired BLV- heifers. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the impact of BLV infection on the health of dairy heifers during the transition period, demonstrating the effect of proviral load on white blood cell changes and early inflammation in infected animals.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do vírus da Leucose Bovina (BLV - BovineLeukosis Virus) sobre o perfil sistêmico em vacas primíparas no período de transição. Novilhas prenhas das raças Holandesa e Jersey (n=24) foram distribuídas em pares em dois grupos experimentais: (BLV+) e (BLV-). Os animais BLV+ foram classificados em subgrupos com alta e baixa carga proviral, de acordo com a mediana dos valores obtidos. Os animais foram avaliados nas semanas -3, -2, -1, parto (0), +1, +2 e +3. Amostras sanguíneas foram obtidas para análises hematológicas e bioquímicas, além da dosagem de haptoglobina. Na fase de triagem observou-se soroprevalência de 57,25% e 38.7%, respectivamente no rebanho e na categoria novilhas (38,7%). Em relação ao eritrograma, a concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) foi a única variável que apresentou interação grupo*tempo, observando-se maiores valores no grupo BLV+ (BLV+ = 33,29 ± 3,39%; BLV- = 31,08 ± 2,31%). BLV teve efeito sobre a atividade da enzima aspartato aminotransferase (AST), com maiores valores no grupo BLV+. Os animais BLV+ apresentaram 4,96 mais chances de inflamação (haptoglobina ≥ 2,0 mg/dL). A concentração do fibrinogênio também foi maior no grupo BLV+ no parto e semana +1 pós-parto. O efeito da carga proviral sobre os leucócitos totais e número absoluto de linfócitos foi detectado. No nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro estudo reportando o efeito do BLV sobre a saúde de vacas primíparas no período de transição, e a dependência da carga proviral sobre o perfil leucocitário e o perfil pró-inflamatório dos animais BLV+.

Resumo

The number of antral follicles is considered an important fertility trait because animals with a high follicle count (HFC) produce more oocytes and embryos per cycle. Identification of these animals by genetic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can accelerate selection of future generations. The aim of this study was to perform a genome wide association study (GWAS) on Nelore and Angus heifers with HFC and low (LFC) antral follicle counts. The groups HFC and LFC for genotyping were formed based on the average of total follicles (≥ 3 mm) counted in each breed consistently ± standard deviation. A total of 72 Nelore heifers (32 HFC and 40 LFC) and 48 Angus heifers (21 HFC and 27 LFC) were selected and the DNA was extracted from blood and hair bulb. Genotyping was done using the Illumina Bovine HD 770K BeadChip. The GWAS analysis showed 181 and 201 SNPs with genotype/phenotype association (P ≤ 0.01) in Nelore and Angus heifers, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on candidate genes that were associated with SNPs. A total of 97 genes were associated to the 181 SNPs in the Nelore heifers and the functional analysis identified genes (ROBO1 and SLIT3) in the ROBO-SLIT pathway that can be involved in the control of germ cell migration in the ovary as it is involved in lutheal cell migration and fetal ovary development. In the Angus heifers, 57 genes were associated with the 201 SNPs, highlighting Fribilin 1 (FBN1) gene, involved in regulation of growth factors directly involved in follicle activation and development. In summary, GWAS for Nelore and Angus heifers showed SNPs associated with higher follicle count phenotype. Furthermore, these findings offer valuable insights for the further investigation of potential mechanism involved in follicle formation and development, important for breeding programs for both breeds.(AU)

Resumo

The demand for products to replace high-cost raw materials, such oil and fish meal, in the manufacture of feed for use in aquaculture, while also guaranteeing the nutritional quality of the diets, is increasing. Silage produced with fish and vegetables residues is a low-cost and efficient protein source. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of tambaqui fingerlings fed four different levels of silage included in commercial feed with 28% crude protein, over two periods: 45 and 90 days. Each treatment was carried out over three replications, with 10 tambaqui in each 100 L experimental tank. At the end of each established period, blood samples were collected from five animals from each repetition to determine the hematological and biochemical variables. Body weight and total length, hepatosomatic and liposomal indices and hematocrit of specimens fed with diets supplemented with silage did not exhibit significant changes in both assessment period. After 45 days of feeding, the hemoglobin concentration increased when tambaqui were fed a diet including 20% silage. The red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin did not change between treatments in either period. The total protein concentrations increased significantly in the plasma of tambaqui fed with diets with the inclusion of 5 and 10% of silage, evaluated after feeding for 45 days. It was found that the groups which had silage included in their diet did not exhibit significant alterations in the evaluated parameters, and the diet was therefore not consider harmful to the health of tambaqui. Therefore, the use of silage as a feed supplement during tambaqui farming is a sustainable alternative for producers, as it leads to a reduction of impacts of fish and vegetables waste disposal.

A procura por insumos que substituam produtos de alto custo, como óleo e farinha de peixe, na fabricação de rações para uso na aquicultura é crescente, sendo necessário garantir a qualidade nutricional das dietas. A silagem produzida a partir de resíduos de pescado e de vegetais apresenta-se como uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficiente fonte proteica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas de alevinos de tambaqui alimentados com quatro níveis de inclusão de silagem em ração comercial com 28% de proteína bruta, em dois períodos: 45 e 90 dias. Cada tratamento foi realizado em três repetições, com 10 tambaquis em cada caixa experimental de 100 L. Ao término de cada período estabelecido, amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas de cinco animais de cada repetição para determinação das variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas. Peso, comprimento total e índices hepatossomático e lipossomático de espécimes alimentados com silagem não mostraram alterações significativas em ambos os períodos de avaliação, bem como os valores de hematócrito. A concentração de hemoglobina de tambaqui após 45 dias de alimentação aumentou quando foi fornecida dieta com inclusão de 20% de silagem. A contagem de eritrócitos, volume corpuscular médio e hemoglobina corpuscular média não apresentaram alterações entre os tratamentos, em ambos os períodos. As proteínas totais aumentaram significativamente no plasma de tambaquis que receberam dietas com inclusão de 5 e 10% de silagem, avaliados após 45 dias de alimentação. Evidenciou-se que os grupos com inclusão de silagem na dieta não apresentaram alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados, assim não sendo prejudiciais à higidez do tambaqui. Portanto, o uso da silagem como suplemento alimentar durante o cultivo do tambaqui é uma alternativa sustentável para produtores, por promover a redução do descarte de resíduos de pescado e da agricultura.

Resumo

Background: Pyometra is a bacterial and hormone-induced reproductive disease that occurs in the post-estrus luteal phase in intact queens. Pyometra is more common in the diestrus period due to the high progesterone concentration (in queens that mated, spontaneously ovulated, or were induced to ovulate). However, it can also be seen due to the use of exogenous hormones such as progesterone for the suppression of estrus. More research is needed in cases of pyometra in queens, as well as in bitches. Because, considering that the pathogenesis and characteristics of feline pyometra is similar to bitches, studies on pyometra-affected bitches are taken as reference in studies and applications on queens. From this point of view, the aims of this study were to reveal the changes in complete blood count, blood gas, and serum biochemistry parameters in feline pyometra cases and to determine the correlation between the mentioned parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 25 female cats of different breeds were used, between the ages of 6 months and 7 years, 15 were diagnosed with pyometra, and 10 healthy. Anamnesis, clinical findings, and ultrasonographic examinations were used in the diagnosis of pyometra. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on queens brought to the clinic with complaints such as anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, abdominal tension, and fever. The control group (n =10) consisted of queens that were introduced to the clinic and were reproductively healthy. Before any treatment in queens with pyometra and the control group, 1 mL blood samples were taken from v. cephalica to evaluate complete blood count, blood gases and serum biochemistry parameters. In complete WBC, Lym, Mon, Gra, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH and PLT parameters and, blood gas parameters such as pH, pCO2 , pO2 , sO2 , Na, K, Cl, lactate, glucose, HCO3 , and BE were also evaluated in taken blood samples. Biochemical parameters BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, amylase, T.BIL, D.BIL, P, CHOL, TG, LDH, TP, CPK, ALP, Ca, GGT were measured in serum samples. After examination and laboratory analysis, ovariohysterectomy was performed on queens as a treatment. Granulocyte, WBC, HCT and MCH levels of the pyometra group were higher (P < 0.05) and Lym levels were lower (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. According to these results, pH, HCO3 , and BE were lower (P < 0.05) in queens with pyometra than those in the control group, while Na and lactate parameters were higher (P < 0.05). According to the results of biochemical analysis, it was determined that BUN, creatinine levels, GGT, and LDH enzyme activities were found to be higher in the pyometra group compared to the control group, while the Ca level was found to be low (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between BUN and creatinine and LDH, WBC, granulocyte, HCT, and lactate, and a negative correlation between lymphocytes, pH, and BE in the correlation analysis performed on queens with pyometra and control group. However, a positive correlation was observed between creatinine and LDH and HCT, and a negative correlation between lymphocyte, pH and BE. Discussion: There is not enough information about pyometra in queens. As a result, it was determined that there were significant changes in complete blood count, blood gases and serum biochemical parameters in queens with pyometra in this study. These changes were generally thought to be related to dehydration and sepsis or endotoxemia. In addition, it was evaluated that prerenal azotemia occurring in pyometra affected queens may cause renal dysfunction. For this reason, it is thought that the results obtained in the presented study may contribute to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pyometra cases in queens.

Resumo

Background: Hematological analyses are seen as more preferred laboratory analyses in canine transmissible venereal tumor studies. There is no information about the availability of platelets and their indices in routine practice in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. Taking this as a starting point, this study analyzed the usefulness of platelet indices in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor in clinical laboratory diagnosis as well as examined the relationship between white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and the ratio of main platelet volume to platelets (MPV/PLT). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 42 bitches of various breeds were used. Nineteen healthy bitches were used as a control group, and the others 23 with cTVT as a study group. Metastasis was not observed in any of the bitches involved in the study. History, clinical findings, and cytological examinations were evaluated for the diagnosis of cTVT. In animals with hemorrhagic discharge and neoplastic lesions, a vaginal cytological examination was performed. Typical TVT cells with large nuclei and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the vaginal cytological examinations, and the diagnosis of TVT was made. Healthy bitches (19) and those with TVT (23) were 39.16 5.37 months and 47.61 5.14 months old, respectively. From all animals, 2 mL blood samples were collected from V. cephalica to evaluate PIs in the complete blood count (CBC). Collected blood samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. As a result of the analysis, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT data were obtained. Mild leukocytosis, an increase in PLT, and a decrease in MCV and MPV/PLT were determined in the study group compared to the control group. Cut-off values in CBC of bitches with TVT were determined as WBC: 13.35 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 90%); MCV: 67 (sensitivity: 57%; specificity: 95%); PLT: 315.50 (sensitivity: 65%; specificity: 74%); and MPV/PLT: 0.028 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 58%). In CBC analyses, a strong negative correlation between PLT and MPV/PLT was detected in both groups. Discussion: Canine transmissible venereal tumors are common in both stray and pet dogs. It is naturally transferred from animal to animal during mating by live tumor cells. This tumor can commonly affect the external genitalia and internal organs in some cases. It generally has the look of cauliflower, and its surface is ulcerated, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and infectious. More preferred laboratory analyses are complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis in cTVT for to evaluate the success of treatments. Platelet indices have been investigated in many diseases such as endotoxemia, chronic enteropathy, mammary tumor, parvoviral enteritis, septic peritonitis, lymphoma, pyometra, visceral leishmaniasis, and babesiosis in dogs. There is no information available for either diagnostic or prognostic use of the PIs in canine TVT cases. Ultimately, in light of the presented study's results, platelet indices, especially PLT and the MPV/PLT ratio, seem to be notable laboratory markers in terms of easy accessibility and low-cost assessment techniques in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. New data, however, should be established by a thorough follow-up study using a larger sample size and addressing its usefulness as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in canine transmissible venereal tumors.

Resumo

Background: Cystoisospora spp. is considered a potential pathogen to cause diarrhoea in cats, and the disease occurs clinically, especially in young, weak and immunocompromised cats. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility and diagnostic roles of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) ratios in diarrheal cats infected with Cystoisospora spp. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-five cats with diarrhea due to infection caused by Cystoisospora spp. and 15 healthy cats were included in this study. The anamnesis, clinical and laboratory findings of all cats were recorded. A clinical severity score was generated for diarrheal cats, which included activity, appetite, presence of vomit, and faecal consistency. Also, cats infected with Cystoisospora spp. were classified as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) positive (+) and SIRS (-) group according to the presence of at least 3 of the SIRS criteria. The Cystoisospora spp. oocysts were diagnosed by direct smear and simple faecal flotation. Cats found positive for other parasitic and protozoal agents by faeces examination were excluded from the study. Complete blood counts (CBC) were performed with an automated blood cell counter for all cats. Blood smears were prepared (with May-Grunwald Giemsa) from samples, and the CBC results were confirmed microscopically (obj.100x). White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were recorded directly from the CBC. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was calculated as the ratio of the absolute neutrophil count to the absolute lymphocyte count. The monocyte-to-lymphocyte was calculated as the absolute monocyte count ratio to the absolute lymphocyte count. White blood cell (P = 0.015), neutrophil (P = 0.001), monocyte (P = 0.033), NLR (P = 0.000) and MLR (P = 0.042) of diarrheal cats infected with Cystoisospora spp. were significantly higher than in the healthy group. There was no significant difference between groups in the lymphocyte counts (P > 0.05). SIRS (+) group had statistically significantly higher WBC (P = 0.014), neutrophil counts (P = 0.000), NLR (P = 0.000) and MLR (P = 0.037) than the healthy group. Also, neutrophil counts and NLR of the SIRS (+) group were statistically significantly higher than the SIRS (-) group (P = 0.032; P = 0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference SIRS (+), SIRS (-), and healthy groups regarding lymphocyte and monocyte counts (P > 0.05). The clinical severity of the disease positively correlated with NLR and MLR. Also, the best cut-off value of NLR to predict SIRS was > 1.67, with 92.86% sensitivity and 84.62% specificity. MLR was not a useful predictor for SIRS. Discussion: NLR and MLR are parameters derived from complete blood count. In recent years, they have been used in human and veterinary medicine as a biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment follow-up of various diseases and provide valuable information about inflammation. In cats, there are limited studies on NLR, and to our knowledge, there are no studies on MLR. The current study suggests that NLR and MLR may be used to determine the severity of the inflammatory condition in diarrheal cats infected with Cystoisospora spp., and NLR is a useful marker for predicting SIRS status in these cats. In addition, this study also will contribute to larger-scale studies in the future.

Resumo

A Leishmaniose Visceral é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário do gênero Leishmania spp. É mais comumente relatada em cães; mas, atualmente, o número de gatos infectados tem crescido, sendo importante o estudo de casos de como essa doença se comporta nesses hospedeiros. A avaliação clínica e os exames laboratoriais são imprescindíveis para o diagnóstico definitivo de Leishmaniose em felinos. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações hematológicas e citológicas em gatos domésticos com Leishmaniose em dois gatos, provenientes do município de Fortaleza/CE. Foram avaliados os exames hematológicos, bioquímicos, citológicos e necroscópicos desses pacientes. Os principais achados de hemograma foram anemia normocítica normocrômica, rouleaux eritrocitário, agregados plaquetários e, em um dos casos, a visualização da forma amastigota. Na análise bioquímica, observou-se hipoalbunemia em um caso e, no outro, aumento dos níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina. Em ambos os casos, se observou hiperproteinemia. A citologia foi utilizada ante-mortem, para diagnóstico de um dos casos e post-mortem nos dois casos, a fim de se detectar formas amastigotas no fígado e outros órgãos linfoides, como linfonodos, baço e medula óssea. Portanto, para gatos com sinais inespecíficos, faz-se necessária a realização de exames complementares, como hemograma, bioquímica sérica, citologia das lesões e exame necroscópico, a fim de diagnóstico definitivo.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan genus Leishmania spp. It is commonly reported in dogs. However, currently, the number of infected cats has grown currently, being important to study how this disease behaves in these hosts. Clinical evaluation and laboratory tests are essential for the definitive diagnosis of leishmaniasis in felines. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the hematological and cytological alterations in domestic cats with Leishmaniasis. in Two cats from the city of Fortaleza/CE were evaluated with hematological, biochemical, cytological, and necroscopic exams. The main hemogram findings were normochromic nomocytic anemia, erythrocyte rouleaux, platelet aggregates, and, in one of the cases, visualization of the amastigote form. In the biochemical analysis, hypoalbunemia was observed in one case and, in the other case, an increase in serum levels of urea and creatinine was noticed. Hyperproteinemia was observed in both cases. Cytology was used ante-mortem for the diagnosis of one of the cases and post-mortem for both cases to identify amastigote forms in the liver and other lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Therefore, for cats with nonspecific signs, it is necessary to carry out complementary tests such as blood count, serum biochemistry, cytology of the lesions, and necroscopic examination to obtain make a definitive diagnosis.

Resumo

The study evaluates the influence of environmental enrichment on behavior, leucometry, and performance of commercial pigs. Thirty-two hybrid pigs (Landrace × Large White × Pietran), at 69 days of life, were divided into four groups and subjected to different environmental stimuli: concrete floor, with no enrichment (C); floor bedding with wood chips (CM); concrete floor, with mobiles (MO); floor bedding with wood chips and the presence of mobile (CM + MO). The study collected behavioral data of the animals during 84 days, through the growing and finishing phases, each lasting 42 days, assessing the animals' position and behavior by the instantaneous scan sampling method. The animals received ad libitum water and a specially formulated feed following the nutritional requirements for growing and finishing phases. The study considered daily feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion. Group CM in the growing phase showed prolonged standing position periods and demonstrated a greater exploration of their environment (2.1%). Groups MO and CM + MO, in the growing phase, demonstrated extended periods of interaction with the offered enrichments (10.8±2.1 and 9.1±2.8%, respectively). Piglets in the finishing phase housed in pens with floor bedding with wood chips and those housed in pens with floor bedding with wood chips and the presence of mobile (tires and chains) showed longer interaction time with enrichments (4.8 and 5.4%, respectively), compared with the other groups C and Mo. Group C remained overall the longest in a standing position in both breeding phases. There was no effect on the animals' leukogram. Environmental enrichment with wood shavings (as beddings) and hanging mobiles improves behavioral aspects of piglets in the growing and finishing periods.(AU)

Resumo

Immunomediated thrombocytopenia is a systemic metabolic disorder in which the platelet count falls below reference values, as the patient's immune system destroys them. The main clinical signs in thrombocytopenia are petechial, hemorrhages, ecchymoses and suffusions. Hematomas can also occur in coagulation disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and hematological examinations. The treatment consists of the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, delaying cell destruction, and may last for months, not always obtaining a cure for the disease. The present work reports the use of therapy with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, derived from the adipose tissue of dogs, for the treatment of chronic immunomediated thrombocytopenia, with an evolution of more than one year, in a Pinscher dog. The alternative treatment showed a good evolution, keeping platelets within the reference values during the treatment, giving the patient quality of life and removing the need for continuous medication for homeostasis after treatment.

A trombocitopenia imunomediada é uma desordem metabólica sistêmica, na qual a contagem plaquetária fica abaixo dos valores de referência, pois o sistema imunológico do paciente a destrói. O principal sinal clínico na trombocitopenia são hemorragias, petequiais, equimoses e sufusões. Hematomas podem ocorrer também em alterações da coagulação. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos achados clínicos e nos exames hematológicos. O tratamento consiste na utilização de corticosteroides e imunossupressores, o que retarda a destruição celular, mas pode se prolongar por meses, nem sempre obtendo cura da doença. O presente trabalho relata a utilização da terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais alogênicas, oriundas do tecido adiposo de cães, para tratamento de trombocitopenia imunomediada crônica, com evolução de mais de um ano, em um cão da raça Pinscher. O tratamento alternativo revelou boa evolução, pois manteve as plaquetas dentro dos valores de referência durante o tratamento, o que proporcionou qualidade de vida ao paciente e tornou desnecessárias medicações de uso contínuo para a homeostase após o tratamento.

Resumo

Background: Several neoplasms can affect the perianal region, being the hepatic adenoma and the anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC), which is considered the most frequent. The ASAC is a malignant neoplasm originating from the secretory epithelium of the perianal apocrine glands and is rarely seen in veterinary medicine. The ASAC occurs mainly in adult to elderly canines with high metastasis rates. Patients may be asymptomatic or manifest discomfort and behavioral changes. In the presence of metastasis, the most frequent clinical signs are inappetence, coughing, dyspnea, and colorectal obstruction. Given this scenario, this paper aims to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic examination, and necropsy findings of a Cocker Spaniel with ASAC and metastasis in the vertebral body, spinal cord, and cauda equina. Case: A 8-year-old neutered male Cocker Spaniel (12 kg of body mass) with a clinical history of non-ambulatory paraparesis was evaluated. The patient also presented tenesmus, difficulty to defecate, and the presence of nodules in the anal sac area. On the neurological examination, asymmetrical changes compatible with injury between L4-S3 were found. A complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and imaging exams such as plain radiography, abdominal ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were requested. Blood count revealed anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. The liver showed increased echogenicity and thickened pancreas in the abdominal US scan. A slightly heterogeneous, vascularized mass with irregular borders was identified in the topographic region of the sublumbar lymph nodes; MRI images demonstrated an expansile formation in the ventral region of the lumbosacral spine, corresponding to the sublumbar lymph nodes and interruption of the cerebrospinal fluid at L5, suggestive of compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina. A presumptive diagnosis of perianal neoplasm with metastasis was made based on the complementary exams. The dog was referred to necropsy, which revealed a 4 cm tumor in the perianal region that invaded the pelvic canal. Multifocal nodules were present on the lung surface, liver, and kidneys, suggesting metastasis. On the cross-section of the spine, one could note the presence of the tumor in the vertebral bodies, spinal cord, and cauda equina from L5 to S3. Even with histopathological evaluation of the tumor, only the immunohistochemical analysis allowed us to confirm the anal sac adenocarcinoma. Discussion: Adenomas and carcinomas are perianal gland neoplasms common in adult and elderly male dogs; the Cocker Spaniel breed is among the most affected. The clinical signs presented by the patient, such as tenesmus and difficulty in adopting the posture of defecation, are common, although neurological changes are rare. As for metastasis, carcinomas of the perianal region present high chances of metastasis to organs including the liver, kidneys, and lungs, both lymphatically and hematogenously, but few studies have related these factors to neurological alterations due to metastasis. We concluded that metastases from carcinomas to the spine must be considered a possible differential diagnosis in cases of patients presenting clinical signs that are compatible with spinal cord compression and a history of previous neoplasm.

Resumo

Os mastócitos maduros são encontrados em tecidos vascularizados, principalmente localizados em contato a antígenos externos, como nos pulmões, trato gastrointestinal e pele. Mastócitos em sangue periférico são considerados anormais, indicando mastocitemia. A causa deve ser investigada, para diferenciação de desordens inflamatórias, reações de hipersensibilidade ou neoplasias, principalmente o Mastocitoma. Foram analisados e discutidos os resultados de exame clínico e complementares de um cão sem raça definida, adulto, macho, 9 anos, 11 kg, não castrado, com histórico de dor na palpação abdominal e uma lesão supurativa em região escrotal. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas em tubo contendo anticoagulante para realização de hemograma e em tubo sem anticoagulante, para a realização dos exames bioquímicos de albumina, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), fosfatase alcalina (FA), creatinina, glicose e ureia. Também foi realizado exame de Ultrassonografia (US), para melhor avaliação. Os resultados indicaram uma anemia regenerativa e uma eritropoiese acelerada. Também foi observado linfopenia, monocitose e um aumento significativo de mastócitos e corpúsculos de Döhle. Ainda havia uma trombocitopenia, com presença de macroplaquetas; portanto, trombopoiese acelerada. Nos exames bioquímicos, foram verificados hipoalbuminemia e aumento da enzima FA. A visualização desses mastócitos só foi possível pela análise de extensões sanguíneas, feitas por um médico veterinário patologista; caso contrário, não seriam encontrados, dificultando a conduta terapêutica com o paciente. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de mastocitemia em um cão e discutir os achados clínicolaboratoriais encontrados.

Mature mast cells are found in vascularized tissues, mainly sites in contact with external antigens such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Mast cells in peripheral blood are considered abnormal, indicating mastocythemia. The cause should be investigated for diagnosis of inflammatory disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, or neoplasms, especially mastocytoma. In the present study, we analyzed the results of the clinical and complementary examination of a mixed breed dog, adult, male, 9 years old, 11 kg, not neutered, which on physical examination presented pain on abdominal palpation and suppurative lesion in the scrotal region. Blood samples were collected in a tube containing an anticoagulant to test the blood count and in tubes without an anticoagulant for biochemical tests for albumin, alanine aminotransferase (AAT), alkaline phosphate (AP), creatinine, glucose, and urea. Ultrasonography (US) was also performed for better evaluation. The results indicate a regenerative anemia and an accelerated erythropoiesis. Lymphopenia, monocytosis, and a significant increase in mast cells and Döhle bodies were also observed. There was also thrombocytopenia with the presence of macro platelets, therefore accelerated thrombopoiesis. Hypoalbuminemia and increased AP enzyme were verified in the biochemical tests. The visualization of these mast cells is only possible by the analysis of blood extensions performed by a veterinary pathologist, otherwise, they would not be found, making difficult the therapeutic conduct with the patient. Thus, this report aims to describe a case of mastocythemia in an adult dog of no defined breed and discuss the clinical laboratory findings.