Resumo

A total of 860 Embrapa 051 pullets were allocated into three groups based on their 19-week body weights (heavy: 1.48 kg ± 0.01 SD, N= 172 birds, medium: 1.32 kg ± 0.039 SD, N= 516 birds, light: 1.19 kg ± 0.019 SD, N=172 birds) and housed in floor pens with nests for a 65-week production period. Heavy-weight birds exhibited higher egg production during weeks 24-28, while medium-weight hens surpassed heavy-weight counterparts between weeks 41-46, and light-weight hens outperformed heavy-weight birds in weeks 61-65. From weeks 57-65, no significant egg production differences were noted between heavy and medium-weight hens. Body weight at 19 weeks affected floor eggs, cracked eggs, and double-yolk eggs (P < 0.05) during weeks 22-34. Heavy-weight hens laid fewer floor eggs, medium-weight hens had fewer cracked eggs (0.3%), and light-weight hens produced fewer double-yolk eggs (1.1%). No significant impact of weight grouping on egg weight was observed. Results indicated that body weight at 19 weeks influences the laying cycle, with heavy, medium, and light-weight hens exhibiting distinct egg production patterns, nest use and egg quality traits at different phases of the cycle.

Oitocentas e sessenta frangas Embrapa 051 foram alocadas em três grupos de peso corporal às 19 semanas (pesadas: 1,48 kg ± 0,01 DP, N= 172 aves, médias: 1,32 kg ± 0,039 DP, N= 516 aves, leves: 1,19 kg ± 0,019 DP, N=172 aves) e alojadas em piso com ninhos por 65 semanas. As aves pesadas apresentaram maior produção de ovos nas semanas 24-28, enquanto as médias superaram as pesadas nas semanas 41-46, e as leves superaram as pesadas nas semanas 61-65. Nas semanas 57 a 65, não houve diferenças significativas na produção de ovos entre as aves pesadas e médias. O peso às 19 semanas afetou ovos no chão, ovos trincados e ovos duplos (P < 0,05) nas semanas 22-34. As aves pesadas botaram menos ovos no chão, as médias tiveram menos ovos trincados (0,3%), e as leves produziram menos ovos com duas gemas (1,1%). Não houve impacto significativo do peso inicial no peso dos ovos. Em conclusão, o peso às 19 semanas influencia o ciclo de postura, com aves pesadas, médias e leves exibindo padrões distintos de produção de ovos, uso do ninho e características de qualidade em diferentes fases do ciclo.

Resumo

Evaluated different feed forms (FF), (mash or pellets), feeding systems (FS) (ad libitum or controlled) and metabolizable energy levels (ME) (2,900 kcal/kg or 2,750 kcal/kg) in rearing period 1 (7 to 12 weeks) and 2 (13 to 17 weeks). Utilized 400 brown-egg laying pullets a completely randomized design in 2x2x2 factorial arrangement (eight treatments, with five replications). In period 1, feed intake was similar (P > 0,05) between FF and between ME, however pullets fed ad libitum showed 27.5% higher intake than fed with controlled amounts (P < 0,05). Body weight (BW) differed (P < 0.05) in the FS. Feed conversion (FC) was not affected (P > 0.05) by any of the study factors. Flock uniformity was affected (P < 0.05) by FF and by FS, with an interaction between the factors (P < 0.05). The pullets fed the mash feed ad libitum had better uniformity (P < 0.05) than the pullets fed with the controlled mash feed. The pelleted feed caused the worst uniformity. In rearing period 2, feed intake was affected (P < 0.05). That pullets fed mash or pelletized feed ad libitum consumed 8g more (P < 0.05) on average, than those in the controlled FS. In the ad libitum supply, intake was higher (P < 0.05) for the mash feed than for the pelleted feed. BW and FC were not affected by any of the factors (P > 0.05). Uniformity (%) was influenced by the mash or controlled systems (P < 0.05). Between 7 and 17 weeks of age, brown-egg laying pullets need to be fed with a mashed diet in a controlled feeding system, with 2,750 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy.

Foram avaliadas diferentes formas de ração (FA), (farelo ou pellets), sistemas de alimentação (SA) (ad libitum ou controlado) e níveis de energia metabolizável (EM) (2.900 kcal/kg ou 2.750 kcal/kg) nos períodos de criação 1 (7 a 12 semanas) e 2 (13 a 17 semanas). Foram utilizadas 400 frangas poedeiras semipesadas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2x2x2 (oito tratamentos, com cinco repetições). No período 1, o consumo de ração foi semelhante (P > 0,05) entre FA e entre SA, porém frangas alimentadas ad libitum apresentaram consumo 27,5% maior do que as alimentadas com quantidades controladas (P < 0,05). O peso corporal (PC) diferiu (P<0,05) no SA. A conversão alimentar (CA) não foi afetada (P > 0,05) por nenhum dos fatores do estudo. A uniformidade do lote foi afetada (P < 0,05) por FF e por FS, com interação entre os fatores (P < 0,05). As frangas alimentadas com ração farelada ad libitum apresentaram melhor uniformidade (P < 0,05) do que as frangas alimentadas com ração farelada controlada. A ração peletizada causou a pior uniformidade. No período de recria 2, o consumo de ração foi afetado (P < 0,05). As frangas alimentadas com ração farelada ou peletizada ad libitum consumiram 8g a mais (P < 0,05) em média, do que aquelas no FS controlado. No fornecimento ad libitum, o consumo foi maior (P < 0,05) para a ração farelada do que para a ração peletizada. O PC e o FC não foram afetados por nenhum dos fatores (P > 0,05). A uniformidade (%) foi influenciada pelo sistema farelado ou controlado (P < 0,05). Entre 7 e 17 semanas de idade, as frangas poedeiras de ovos vermelhos precisam ser alimentadas com dieta farelada em sistema de alimentação controlado, com 2.750 kcal/kg de energia metabolizável.

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Meat consumption has been declining in favor of a shift towards poultry due to its lower price, health benefits and consumers' preference. One of the ways to enhance broiler production and quality is to substitute standard maize (SM) with quality protein maize (QPM) in animal diets. QPM is a high lysine maize with improved nutritional and biological values, developed by the selection of a naturally occurring recessive opaque2 mutation, which can reduce the use of costly feed components - synthetic lysine and protein ingredients such as soybean and fishmeal. Different feeding trials with QPM in broiler diets indicated that body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast meat yield (BMY), and abdominal fat (AF) are the main improved features. Herein, an overview of the effects of QPM on broiler performance and carcass characteristics, as well as the financial effects of its use, is presented. Different effects of QPM were observed, depending, in the main, on the QPM hybrid used in the trial. The possible reasons for the discrepancies and suggestions for overcoming them, focused on the utilization of the full potential of QPM, are discussed.

Resumo

The aim was to evaluate the correlation and develop regression equations for the body composition of sheep of different sex classes, obtained by the comparative slaughter method, using the composition of the neck region and loin eye area (LEA). Forty-five sheep of three sex classes (15 intact males, 15 castrated males and 15 females) receivedthree feeding levels (ad libitumor restrictions of 70 or 80% of ad libitumintake). Animals were distributed in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with 5 repetitions. The LEA showed: positive correlation with empty body weight, fasting body weight, meat, protein, ether extract and water (p < 0.01), for all sex classes; with bones for intact males and females (p < 0.01); with ash content for intact males and a moderate correlation for castrated males (p < 0.01). The neck was correlated with empty body weight, fasting body weight, meat, protein, ether extract, water and energy in all sex classes (p < 0.01); and moderate correlation with bone (r=0.58) and ash (r=0.67) for intact males. Intact males showed higher R² values in their prediction equations in relation to the other sex classes.(AU)

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Body weight and vertical stratum utilization are important functional characteristics of species. Several studies have explored the capture success of different traps. These studies, however, did not explore how trappability is influenced by body weight. Here, we investigated the relationship between the weight of marsupial species caught in traps with trap type (wire cage and Sherman) and trap placement (ground and understory). For this we used data from Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840 (n = 127; 75-958 g) and Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854) (n = 327; 8.5-46 g) captured in semideciduous forest fragments in central Brazil. The results show that heaviest individuals of D. albiventris (391.01 ± 197.57 g) were captured more often by wire cage traps, regardless of trap placement. In contrast, G. agilis was trapped at similar rates regardless of weight, trap type or trap placement. We conclude that wire cage traps are more efficient at catching large marsupials weighing more than 300 g on average. Furthermore, the size of the individuals captured is not influenced by where the trap is placed (ground or understory). These findings contribute to a better understanding of the natural history and trappability of Neotropical marsupials.

Resumo

Twenty-four lambs between four and five months of age were divided into sex classes: uncastrated males, castrated males and females, eight for each treatment, with an average body weight of 27.00 ± 3.13 kg. dry matter and water intakes were higher for uncastrated males (p < 0.001). final body weight, body weight at slaughter, average daily gain and cold carcass weight were greater for uncastrated, intermediate for castrated and lower for females (p < 0.05).hot and cold carcass yields were higher for castrated males and females, respectively. (p < 0.05).based on principal component analysis, twenty-five variables were selected out ofthirty-two, in some of the seven principal components generated, summarizing 21.87% data dimension. Discriminant analysis identified greater discrimination power for body weight at slaughter, thorax width, thorax depth, fatness, dry matter intake and hot carcass weight.All lambs were classified into their respective sex classes. Therefore, uncastrated males have performed betterthan castrated ones and both showedhigher performance than females.Females and castrated males showedhigher carcass yield.Discriminant analysis indicated heterogeneity between sex classes.(AU)

Resumo

The objective of this work is toidentify which carcass and cut characteristics have the best discriminatory power, between sexes and slaughter weights, through discriminant analysis.Were used 32 goats, with initial average weights of 3.11 kg for males and 3.06 kg, for females, for animals slaughtered at 70 days; 3.65 kg for males and 3.25 kg for females for animals slaughtered at 100 days of weight. Objective assessments consisted of morphometric measurements: external carcass length (ECL); internal carcass length (ICL); leg length (LEL); chest width (CHW); croup width (CRW); thigh perimeter (THP); croup perimeter (CRP); chest perimeter (CHP); chest depth (CHD); internal chest depth (ICD) using the hypsometerand flexible tape (Truper®). In the total of 18 primaryvariables evaluated, the following variables were included in the discriminant model, using the stepwise method: empty body weight, chest depth, chest width, thigh circumference, neck, loin, leg length,and rump width. The discriminant analysis was efficient to discriminate and identify the carcass and cut characteristics with better discriminatory power between the sex and slaughter weight of the animals.(AU)

Resumo

The objective was to estimate the body weight (BW) of Brown Alpine goats by means of body volume (BV) measurements. We used 132 pieces of information with measurements of BW, body length (BL) and thoracic perimeter (TP) from 22 goats evaluated fortnightly, between March and May 2023. Based on this information, the BV of the animals was calculated. Three mathematical models were evaluated - a linear model, a quadratic model, and an exponential model - with the measurement of BV. The goodness of fit of the equations was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE) and root of the MSE (RMSE). The predictive ability of the models was evaluated by k-fold cross-validation (k = 10). A high positive correlation between BW and TP (r = 0.95) and BL (r = 0.94) was observed. The correlation between BW and BV was higher than the other correlations (r = 0.98). The linear model showed the lowest values of MSE (9.49) and RMSE (3.08). In the cross-validation, the linear and quadratic models presented estimates of the mean BW and the standard deviation of this weight similar to the real data, and high R2 values (0.95) of the data predicted by the observed ones. The analysis of the coefficient of correlation and concordance (CCC) also showed that these models have accuracy and precision (CCC > 0.95). Thus, the linear and quadratic models estimate the body weight of Brown Alpine goats with precision and accuracy.

Objetivou-se estimar o peso corporal (PC) de cabras da raça Alpina por meio da medida do volume corporal (VC). Foram utilizadas 132 informações, com medições de PC, comprimento corporal (CC) e perímetro torácico (PT), de 22 cabras avaliadas quinzenalmente, entre março e maio de 2023. Com base nessas informações, o VC dos animais foi calculado. Três modelos matemáticos foram avaliados - um modelo linear, um modelo quadrático e um modelo exponencial - com a medição do VC como único preditor. A qualidade de ajuste das equações foi avaliada usando-se o coeficiente de determinação (R2), o erro do quadrado médio (EQM) e a raiz do EQM (REQM). A capacidade preditiva dos modelos foi avaliada por meio de validação cruzada k-fold (k = 10). Foi observada uma alta correlação positiva entre o PC e o PT (r = 0,95) e o CC (r = 0,94). A correlação entre o PC e o VC foi maior do que as outras correlações (r = 0,98). O modelo linear mostrou os menores valores de EQM (9,49) e REQM (3,08). Na validação cruzada, os modelos linear e quadrático apresentaram estimativas do PC médio e do desvio padrão desse peso semelhantes aos dados reais e altos valores de R2 (0,95) dos dados predistos em relação aos observados. A análise do coeficiente de correlação e concordância (CCC) também mostrou que esses modelos têm precisão e acurácia (CCC > 0,95). Assim, os modelos linear e quadrático estimam o peso corporal de cabras da raça Alpina com precisão e acurácia.

Resumo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, morphometric traits, and the primal and sub primal cuts of Santa Inês lamb carcasses and their crossbreds with Dorper rams finished in feedlot. Thirty uncastrated lambs of the following genetic groups were used: 10 Santa Inês, 10 ½Dorper + ½Santa Inês and 10 -Dorper + »Santa Inês at 115 days of age averaging 20kg of live body weight. The experiment period was 53 days, preceded by seven days for adaptation. The carcasses of the Dorper crossbred lambs had higher carcass weight and yield, as well as larger thorax and rump width, and larger thorax, rump, and leg perimeter. The carcasses of the Dorper crossbred lambs also showed greater weight for all primal and sub primal carcass cuts, except for the neck. The lamb carcasses of Santa Inês had higher yields of shoulder and neck primal cuts and the carcasses of Dorper crossbred lambs showed higher loin yield. The carcasses of the crossbred lambs had higher yield of sirloin, rump steak, and frenched rack cap. The genetic group influences the linear and circular measures of the lamb carcasses and the weight of primal and sub primal cuts.

Objetivou-se avaliar o rendimento, as características morfométricas e os cortes primários e secundários da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês e de suas cruzas com reprodutores Dorper terminados em confinamento. Trinta cordeiros foram utilizados dos seguintes grupos: 10 Santa Inês, 10 ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês e 10 - Dorper + » Santa Inês, que apresentaram, no início do experimento, 115 dias de idade média e 20kg de peso vivo médio. O período experimental foi de 53 dias, precedidos de sete dias para adaptação. As carcaças dos cordeiros mestiços Dorper tiveram maiores pesos e rendimentos, bem como maiores larguras do tórax e da garupa e maiores perímetros do tórax, da garupa e da perna. As carcaças dos cordeiros mestiços Dorper também apresentaram maiores pesos para os cortes primários e secundários da carcaça, exceto para o corte do pescoço. As carcaças dos cordeiros Santa Inês apresentaram maiores rendimentos de cortes primários de paleta e pescoço, e as carcaças dos cordeiros mestiços apresentaram maior rendimento do lombo. As carcaças dos cordeiros mestiços obtiveram maiores rendimentos de picanha, lombo e carré francês. O grupo genético influencia medidas lineares e circulares da carcaça de cordeiros e o peso dos cortes primários e secundários.

Resumo

In traditional sheep production systems in tropical regions, the evaluation and monitoring of animal growth are not commonly practiced. This is primarily attributed to the limited adoption of technology and the high costs associated with acquiring livestock scales. The present study developed equations to predict body weight of Pelibuey ewe lambs using a Body Volume (BV) formula. BW and BV were obtained from 85 ewe lambs. The models evaluated were as follows: 1) linear, 2) quadratic, 3) cubic, 4) allometric, 5) exponential and 6) logarithmic. In addition, the models' predictive ability for BW was assessed by k-fold (k=10) cross-validation. The BW and BV were 20.60 ± 8.73 kg and 17.54 ± 7.89 dm3, respectively. The quadratic model showed the highest r2 and the lowest values of mean square error, root mean square error, and bayesian information criterion, while the k-fold cross-validation technique also had the highest r2 and the lowest values of mean squared prediction error and mean absolute error. The quadratic model was the best performing mathematical model for predicting BW of growing Pelibuey ewe lambs using BV.

Nos sistemas tradicionais de produção de ovinos em regiões tropicais, a avaliação e monitoramento do crescimento dos animais não são práticas comuns. Isso se deve principalmente à adoção limitada de tecnologia e aos altos custos associados à aquisição de balanças para animais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver equações para prever o peso corporal (PC) de borregas Pelibuey usando uma fórmula de Volume Corporal (VC). Foram obtidos dados de PC e VC de 85 borregas. Os modelos avaliados foram os seguintes: 1) linear, 2) quadrático, 3) cúbico, 4) alométrico, 5) exponencial e 6) logarítmico. Além disso, a capacidade preditiva dos modelos para o PC foi avaliada por meio de validação cruzada k-fold (k=10). O PC e VC foram 20,60 ± 8,73 kg e 17,54 ± 7,89 dm3, respectivamente. O modelo quadrático apresentou o maior r2 e os menores valores de erro do quadrático médio, raiz do erro do quadrático médio e critério de informação bayesiano, enquanto a técnica de validação cruzada k-fold também teve o maior r2 e os menores valores de erro quadrático médio de predição e erro médio absoluto. O modelo quadrático foi o melhor desempenho matemático para predizer o PC de cordeiras Pelibuey em crescimento usando o VC.

Resumo

The growth pattern of broilers can be influenced by diets, environment, stress, health and management. Considering the relevance of the body structure of broilers for slaughterhouse condemnations, the aim of this study was to analyze the body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and musculoskeletal and visceral morphology of broilers with different body attributes from commercial slaughterhouses. Forty-eight plucked broilers from two different strains were distributed into three groups: standard, uneven, and cachectic. The broilers were evaluated for lean mass, body fat, BMD, and bone mineral content (BMC), and subject to macroscopic, musculoskeletal and visceral analyses. It was found that BMD was lower in the uneven and cachectic groups compared to the standard (p≤0.05), and cachectic broilers had a lower BMC compared to the other groups. The body weight of broilers in the standard group was greater compared to the other groups, while the relative weight of the proventriculus, gizzard, liver, duodenum, jejunum, cardiovascular structures, and kidney was greater among the cachectic in comparison to the others. The uneven group presented intermediate mean values for several densitometric and morphological parameters, as well as no statistical difference (p≥0.05) to the standard group in the weight of the proventriculus, spleen and kidneys, the weight and the length of duodenum, the length and diameter of the gastrocnemius, and the diameter of the sartorius muscle. It is possible to conclude that uneven broilers have similar characteristics to the standard group, demonstrating that they could be used as feedstock for processed products, reducing economic losses at the slaughterhouse.(AU)

Resumo

This study assessed the effect of strain and enriched cage stocking density on performance, egg size distribution, egg quality, and welfare status in laying hens. Lohmann brown (LB) and Lohmann LSL Classic (LW) strains at 20 weeks of age were allotted to different cage stocking densities, with 1016, 762, or 610 cm2 of cage floor area per hen. Live body weight at the age at sexual maturity and at 52 weeks of age, feather condition, and some egg quality parameters differed between hen strains and among stocking densities (p<0.01; p<0.05). However, age at sexual maturity, livability, egg production, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and duration of tonic immobility were similar between hen strains and among stocking densities (p>0.05). Furthermore, egg size distribution was similar between hen strains (p>0.05), but dissimilar among stocking densities (p<0.01). Rectal and comb temperatures differed between hen strains and among stocking densities, respectively (p<0.01; p<0.05). The age of hens influenced egg quality variables (except for egg weight and shape index), feather condition, and body region temperatures (p<0.01). These results suggest that an enriched cage floor area of up to 610 cm2 per hen does not compromise production performance and welfare status, except for the body weight of laying hens. Additionally, the two strains might be at similar levels regarding overall performance and welfare status, excluding body weight and feather condition.(AU)

Resumo

In this study, the possibilities of using Cubic Spline functions and some yield-density models in the estimation of live weights of Kivircik lambs fed with different silage types were investigated. In the experiment, 40 male Kivircik lambs aged 2.5-3 months were used and the animals were fattened for 56 days. To assess the predictive performance of the fitted models, model fit statistics such as the coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted R2, mean square error (MSE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were determined. The Cubic Spline model was discovered to be the best model for quantifying Kivircik lambs live weight, with the highest R2 and adjusted R2 values, as well as the lowest MSE and AIC values. Cubic Spline functions were applied as live weight estimation model in lambs fed with silage containing 5 different ratios of corn and sunflower (100% sunflower silage, 75% sunflower + 25% corn silage, 50% sunflower + 50% corn silage, 25% sunflower + 75% corn silage, 100% corn silage). As a result, Cubic Spline functions have been found to be effective in estimating the live weight of fattened lambs.

Neste estudo, foram investigadas as possibilidades de usar funções de spline cúbica e alguns modelos de densidade de produção na estimativa de pesos vivos de cordeiros Kivircik alimentados com diferentes tipos de silagem. No experimento, foram usados 40 cordeiros Kivircik machos com 2,5 a 3 meses de idade e os animais foram engordados por 56 dias. Para avaliar o desempenho preditivo dos modelos ajustados, foram determinadas as estatísticas de ajuste do modelo, como o coeficiente de determinação (R2), o R2 ajustado, o erro quadrático médio (MSE) e o critério de informação de Akaike (AIC). O modelo de spline cúbica foi considerado o melhor modelo para quantificar o peso vivo de cordeiros Kivircik, com os valores mais altos de R2 e R2 ajustado, bem como os valores mais baixos de MSE e AIC. As funções de spline cúbica foram aplicadas como modelo de estimativa de peso vivo em cordeiros alimentados com silagem contendo 5 proporções diferentes de milho e girassol (100% de silagem de girassol, 75% de girassol + 25% de silagem de milho, 50% de girassol + 50% de silagem de milho, 25% de girassol + 75% de silagem de milho, 100% de silagem de milho). Como resultado, verificou-se que as funções de spline cúbica são eficazes na estimativa do peso vivo de cordeiros engordados.

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Abstract The use of alternative nutritional sources is an important topic for animal production such as poultry. This study examined the effect of replacing soybean meal with sunflower leaf meal in the diet of laying shaver brown pullets. A total of 30 laying birds were assigned to three treatments of 0% (as control group), 10% and 15% MSFLM inclusion. Four eggs per replicate were randomly taken for three consecutive days at two weeks interval for five times, and 18 weeks individuals were selected after 40 days of experimental time. External parameters of the eggs (egg weight, egg length, egg breadth and egg shape index, shell thickness), and body parameters (Final body weight, weight gain), feed intake and hen day production were measured. For egg length, egg breadth and shell thickness showed significant difference (p 0.05) in from the control birds. Final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and hen day production showed comparable results with values from eggs of birds on control diet. The study revealed the ability of birds to easily utilize the nutrients in the protein sources. MSFLM utilization up to 15% in pullets diet revealed no detrimental effect on the performance of the laying birds and the external qualities of eggs produced.

Resumo O uso de fontes nutricionais alternativas é um tópico importante para a produção animal, como a avicultura. Este estudo examinou o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja por farelo de folha de girassol na dieta de frangas marrons barbeadoras poedeiras. Um total de 30 aves poedeiras foram designadas a três tratamentos de 0% (como grupo controle), 10% e 15% de inclusão MSFLM. Quatro ovos por repetição foram retirados aleatoriamente por três dias consecutivos em intervalos de duas semanas por cinco vezes, e indivíduos de 18 semanas foram selecionados após 40 dias do tempo experimental. Parâmetros externos dos ovos (peso do ovo, comprimento do ovo, largura do ovo e índice de forma do ovo, espessura da casca) e parâmetros corporais (peso corporal final, ganho de peso), consumo de ração e produção diária da galinha foram medidos. Para comprimento do ovo, largura do ovo e espessura da casca apresentaram diferença significativa (p 0,05) nas aves controle. Peso corporal final, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e produção de dia de galinha mostraram resultados comparáveis com valores de ovos de aves em dieta controle. O estudo revelou a capacidade das aves de utilizar facilmente os nutrientes das fontes de proteína. A utilização de MSFLM até 15% na dieta das frangas não revelou nenhum efeito prejudicial no desempenho das aves poedeiras e nas qualidades externas dos ovos produzidos.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric parameters and the mass of adipose tissues of rats fed with cactacea flour. The animals were divided into five groups:C (Control), H (Hypercaloric diet), HP (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Pereskia grandifolia flour), HO (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Opuntia ficus-indicaflour), and HA (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Agave tequilanaflour). Feed intake and apparent digestibility, capillary glycemia, liver weight and Hepato-Somatic Index were evaluated. Adipose tissue mass and the Visceral Fat Index (VFI) and Epididymal Fat Index (EFI) were determined. The data were compared using theTukey test at 5% significance level. There was no statistical difference between the groups for body weight, BMI and Lee Index. The HP and HA groups did not differ from the C group regarding weight gain,the C group had lower apparent digestibility of thediets,the HA group presentedlower blood glucose when compared to the H and HO groups,and the H group had higher liver weight. The HP and HA groups gainedthe lowest adipose tissue mass, VFI and EFI than the H and HO groups. Among the cactaceae studied,Pereskia grandifoliashowed better effects on morphometric and adipose tissue parameters.(AU)

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This study was conducted to assess prediction models for production indexes in batches of growing pigs using performance regressors (period of the year and farm size). A database containing 663 records on the performance of pig batches (18.83 ± 4.37 to 111.26 ± 10.59 kg body weight (BW) at housing and finisher, respectively) from a private company was used to assess the following average animal characteristics: initial number of animals (INA), initial BW (IBW), initial age (IA), final BW (FBW), final age (FA), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data were categorized by period (P) of the year (P1 = Nov to Apr and P2 = May to Oct), and farm size (FS): 0 ≤ INA ≤ 1,000, FS1; 1,001 ≤ INA ≤ 2,000, FS2; 2,001 ≤ INA ≤ 3,000, FS3; and INA > 3,000, FS4. The analysis resulted in representing 58 % of the variance of FCR data. The INA impaired FCR, and having larger pig batches improves FCR and profitability. The FBW prediction errors ranged from 2.47 to 3.38 %. Feed conversion ratio prediction errors ranged from 3.27 to 4.47 %. Based on the joint criteria of non-bias and accuracy, the models for predicting the FBW of growing pig batches have practical value in animal science on account of their accuracy. In addition, increasing the initial number of housed pigs in batches affects the FCR regardless of the period of the year.

Resumo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the non-carcass components of crossbred Santa Inês lambs finished in feedlot with the inclusion of different levels of red propolis extract (RPE). Thirty-five crossbred lambswere used with an average weight of 17.08 ± 2.36 kg and mean age of five months, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replications. The treatments evaluated were: 0; 7; 14 and 21 mL of extract/animal/dayBefore slaughter, each animal was individually weighed to obtain the body weight at slaughter (BWS). The weights and yields of non-carcass components were evaluated, weights and yields of regional dishes (Buchadaand Panelada). The addition of different levels of red propolis extract (RPE) did not influence (p >0.05) the weights and yields of non-carcass components, by-products and adipose deposits, to the weight and yield of regional dishes. The use of red propolis extract in diets up to the level studied (28 mLday-1) did not change the characteristics evaluated.(AU)

Resumo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of palm kernel cake and ram effect on reproductive activity of postpartum and lactating ewes. Twentymultiparous ewes,five to eleven days postpartum,were separated into four different treatments: control, control-ram, palm and palm-ram. Body weight, difference in body weight recorded between days 0 and 42 of the experiment, diameter of the largest follicle at day zero of the study, number of ewes bearing a corpus luteum and pregnancy rate were measured in ewes. Average daily weight gain was measured in lambs. There was no effect (p≥0.05) of palm kernel supplementation, ram stimulation, or their interactions on the weights of ewes and lambs. A greater number of ewes with corpus luteum (p<0.05) were observed in ewes stimulated by rams than those not stimulated. The number of pregnant ewes was not affected by ram effect or palm kernel supplementation (p≥0.05). In conclusion, the use of the ram effect increases the incidence of corpus luteum in postpartum and lactating ewes. In addition, palm kernel cake in the diet doesnot affect body weight of postpartum ewes and lambs.(AU)

Resumo

Sidewall openings play an important role in the indoor conditions of livestock buildings. It influences airflow patterns, air velocity distribution at the animal-occupied zones and the illumination level in the naturally ventilated animal building. However, there is a paucity of information on the effects of sidewall opening areas on the performance of broiler chickens. Hence, this study investigated the effect of sidewall opening areas on the indoor condition and the body growth of broilers. Two buildings with different sidewall opening areas were developed with broiler chickens reared in them for 28 days. The results showed that air temperatures and relative humidity of the buildings were influenced by the outdoor temperature. The indoor air temperatures of the building exceeded the recommended thermal conditions (18 to 24ºC) for broiler chickens. Similarly, the temperature-humidity index of the building exceeded 21.0ºC recommended for broilers which could result in heat stress and poor performance of broiler chickens during extremely hot weather periods. It was also found in this study that broiler chickens could not perform optimally though they were fed ad libitum. Therefore, further studies are required to ascertain the impact of sidewall opening areas on broiler performance, behaviour and physiological responses.(AU)

Resumo

Abstract The study was designed to investigate the effect of Coconut Oil on the levels of some liver and hematological parameters in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rabbits. Also the antioxidant capacity of Coconut Oil for various concentrations was assessed on the basis of percent scavenging of (DPPH) free radical. Experimental animals were divided into five groups, eight rabbits in each group. These were: group A (Normal control), group B (Toxic control), group C (Standard control), group D (Treated with Coconut Oil 50 mL/kg body weight after CCl4 intoxication), group E (Treated with Coconut Oil 200 mL/kg body weight after CCl4 intoxication). The effects observed were compared with a standard hepatoprotective drug silymarine (50 mL/kg body weight). The Coconut Oil (200 mL/kg body weight) significantly (P 0.05) reduced the elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when compared to a toxic control rabbits. The results of extract treated rabbits were similar to silymarine administered rabbits group. Treatment with Coconut Oil root and silymarine caused no significant changes in RBC, Platelets, (Hb), (MCH) concentration and (HCT) values. However, significant (P 0.05) increase was observed in the total WBC count. The present study suggested that Coconut Oil can be used as an herbal alternative (need further exploration i.e to detect its bioactive compound and its efficacy) for hepatoprotective activity.

Resumo O estudo foi desenhado para investigar o efeito do óleo de coco nos níveis de alguns parâmetros hepáticos e hematológicos em coelhos intoxicados com tetracloreto de carbono. Também a capacidade antioxidante do óleo de coco para várias concentrações foi avaliada com base na porcentagem de eliminação de radicais livres (DPPH). Os animais experimentais foram divididos em cinco grupos, oito coelhos em cada grupo. Estes foram: grupo A (controle normal), grupo B (controle tóxico), grupo C (controle padrão), grupo D (tratado com óleo de coco 50 mL/kg de peso corporal após intoxicação por CCl4), grupo E (tratado com óleo de coco 200 mL/kg de peso corporal após intoxicação por CCl4). Os efeitos observados foram comparados com um fármaco hepatoprotetor padrão silimarina (50 mL/kg de peso corporal). O óleo de coco (200 mL/kg de peso corporal) reduziu significativamente (P 0,05) os níveis séricos elevados de alanina transaminase (ALT), aspartato transaminase (AST) e fosfatase alcalina (ALP), quando comparado a um coelho controle tóxico. Os resultados dos coelhos tratados com extrato foram semelhantes aos do grupo de coelhos administrados com silimarina. O tratamento com raiz de óleo de coco e silimarina não causou alterações significativas nos valores de RBC, Plaquetas, (Hb), (MCH) e (HCT). No entanto, observou-se aumento significativo (P 0,05) na contagem total de leucócitos. O presente estudo sugeriu que o óleo de coco pode ser usado como uma alternativa fitoterápica (precisa de mais exploração, ou seja, para detectar seu composto bioativo e sua eficácia) para atividade hepatoprotetora.