Resumo

An integrative review was conducted to identify which intercrops, composed of grasses from tropical or temperate climates, are most commonly used in ruminant feeding and which result in higher productivity. The review followed a developed and tested protocol according to the PVO strategy to formulate the guiding question. Data were collected from articles published in the electronic databases SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science (Main Collection), and SciELO Citation Index (Web of Science) through a single cross-reference search. It was not carried out temporally, regionally, nor limited to Brazil. Among the selected studies, the genera found were Lolium (26.7%), Avena (26.7%), Brachiaria (20.0%), Cynodon (13.4%), Panicum (6.6%), and Sorghum (6.6%). The technologies adopted in the articles were target height (50.0%), reseeding (33.3%), and defoliation intensity (16.7%). The animal species used were beef cattle, dairy cattle, and goats - 50.0%, 33.3%, and 16.7%, respectively. It was possible to observe that the use of different cultivars yields positive results; this was most evident with the grasses most used in intercropping: ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) and black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb); which showed higher productivity values compared to monoculture.

Com o objetivo identificar quais consórcios compostos por gramíneas de clima tropical ou temperado são mais utilizados na alimentação de ruminantes e quais resultam em maior produtividade, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa. A revisão seguiu um protocolo desenvolvido e testado de acordo com a estratégia PVO, para formular a pergunta orientadora. Os dados foram coletados em artigos publicados nas bases de dados eletrônicos SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science (Coleção Principal) e SciELO Citation Index (Web of Science), por meio de uma única busca cruzada de referências. Não foi utilizado corte temporal, regional nem limitado ao Brasil. Entre os estudos selecionados, os gêneros encontrados foram Lolium (26,7%), Avena (26,7%), Brachiaria (20,0%), Cynodon (13,4%), Panicum (6,6%) e Sorghum (6,6%). As tecnologias adotadas nos artigos foram metas de altura (50,0%), ressemeadura (33,3%) e intensidade de desfolhamento (16,7%). As espécies animais utilizadas foram bovinos de corte, bovinos leiteiros e cabras - 50,0%, 33,3% e 16,7%, respectivamente. Foi possível verificar que o uso de diferentes cultivares promove resultados positivos; isso foi mais evidente com as gramíneas mais utilizadas no consórcio: azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam) e a aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb), que apresentaram valores de produtividade mais altos em comparação ao monocultivo.

Resumo

The cheese after processing, generates whey, which is a residue that has potential benefit to human health. However, there are still few studies that seek to evaluate the composition and potential benefits of goat milk whey, even though it is a promising dairy source. Despite this, the large-scale generation of this waste can favor the environmental impact when improperly disposed of. Given this, the use of all content of dairy production can reverse this impact and increase the income of the dairy industry. Thus, this research prepared a powdered product based on goat's milk whey from the spray drying technique and evaluate its physicochemical composition by chemical analytical methods and protein profile through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The elaborated product had a higher carbohydrate content than protein, and the identification of protein fractions showed that the most expressive bands represented beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactoalbumin. Therefore, the elaborated product has the potential to generate novel products for human consumption and with potential health benefits.

O queijo após processado gera o soro de leite, sendo este um resíduo que possui potencial benefício à saúde humana. No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos que buscam avaliar a composição e os potenciais benefícios do soro de leite de cabra, mesmo esta sendo uma fonte láctea promissora. Apesar disso, a geração em larga escala deste resíduo pode favorecer o impacto ambiental quando descartado inadequadamente. Em vista disso, a utilização de todo conteúdo gerado na produção de lácteos pode reverter este impacto e aumentar o rendimento da indústria de laticínios. Diante disso, é importante buscar o desenvolvimento de novos produtos para favorecer a redução do impacto gerado. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar um produto em pó, à base de soro de leite de cabra a partir da secagem pela técnica de spray drying e avaliar sua composição físico-química por métodos químicos analíticos e perfil proteico através da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. O produto elaborado apresentou maior teor de carboidratos do que proteína, e a identificação das frações proteicas mostrou que as bandas mais expressivas representavam beta-lactoglobulina e alfa-lactoalbumina. Portanto, o produto elaborado apresenta potencial para geração de novos produtos para consumo humano e com prováveis benefícios à saúde.

Resumo

The objective of this work is toidentify which carcass and cut characteristics have the best discriminatory power, between sexes and slaughter weights, through discriminant analysis.Were used 32 goats, with initial average weights of 3.11 kg for males and 3.06 kg, for females, for animals slaughtered at 70 days; 3.65 kg for males and 3.25 kg for females for animals slaughtered at 100 days of weight. Objective assessments consisted of morphometric measurements: external carcass length (ECL); internal carcass length (ICL); leg length (LEL); chest width (CHW); croup width (CRW); thigh perimeter (THP); croup perimeter (CRP); chest perimeter (CHP); chest depth (CHD); internal chest depth (ICD) using the hypsometerand flexible tape (Truper®). In the total of 18 primaryvariables evaluated, the following variables were included in the discriminant model, using the stepwise method: empty body weight, chest depth, chest width, thigh circumference, neck, loin, leg length,and rump width. The discriminant analysis was efficient to discriminate and identify the carcass and cut characteristics with better discriminatory power between the sex and slaughter weight of the animals.(AU)

Resumo

Oviduct fluid extracellular vesicles (oEV) are essential for periconceptional events. The presence of EV has already been identified in the oviduct fluid (OF) from mammalian species, except in caprine. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and characterize the caprine oEV (coEV). Initially, in Experiment 1, coEV were isolated from the OF of either each animal individually or from a pool of three animals. In experiment 2, coEV were isolated during the follicular or luteal phases of the estrous cycle. The coEV were characterized by size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential using dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, as well as, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dot blotting (DB). Our results indicated that the physicochemical characteristics of the coEV were similar (P > 0.05), regardless of the isolation method (individual or pool). However, coEV collected during the luteal phase were larger (P < 0.05) than those during the follicular phase. The TEM showed spherical and cup-shaped particles, characteristic of exosomes. The DB revealed the presence of exosomal proteins involved in the biogenesis of coEV. In conclusion, it is possible to isolate and characterize coEV from a single caprine female and the estrous cycle phase influences the vesicles average size and PDI.(AU)

Resumo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro fermentation products, digestibility, gas production (GP) kinetics, and enteric greenhouse emissions (CH4 and CO2) of substrates with different forage:concentrate ratios (100F, grass hay only; 100C, concentrate mixture only, and mixture, an equal proportion of them) within non-woven fabric (NWT; 100 g/m2) or F57 (Ankom®) filter bags compared to directly dispersed in the medium (DIS), arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Substrates (0.5 g) were incubated using an AnkomRF GP System. Gas samples were collected during 24 and 48 h of incubation. We observed substrate × dispersion method interactions on GP at 48 h (GP48) and on in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The GP48 and IVOMD of the 100C substrate were greatest in DIS, intermediate in NWT, and least in F57. With mixture substrate, there were no differences in GP48 and IVOMD between DIS and NWT, but they were greater than in F57. The GP48 and IVOMD were greater in NWT than in DIS and F57 when 100F was incubated. There were no dispersion method × substrate interactions on molar proportions and total volatile fatty acids. With the increase in forage:concentrate ratio incubated, there was a linear decrease in CH4 and CO2 emission relative to organic matter digested. Overall, CH4 and CO2 emissions and digestibility were lower when substrates were incubated within filter bags. The noteworthy interaction between the incubation method and substrates indicates that the ranking of these variables for substrates with differing fermentabilities changes with the dispersion method employed.(AU)

Resumo

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intratesticular injection (ITI) of sodium chloride (NaCl) at two different concentrations for supressing reproductive development in goat kids at two months of age. The experiment was carried out at the experimental unitof Aydin Adnan Menderes University,Çine Vocational School, located in Çine, Aydin, Turkey. The experimental groups were control (C, n =9), a single ITI of 20% NaCl (T1, n = 8) or 40% NaCl (T2, n = 8). The growth, reproductivecharacteristics, and histological appearance of the testis in the kidswere examined up to nine months of age in different periods. The live weights, scrotal circumference, semen and sexual behaviorcharacteristics were not different among groups. The histogical findings were observed in bothtestes at nine months of age. Greater intensity of destruction was observed in the testes of T1 and T2 kids than that of Ckids. High levels of tubular degeneration were detected in testicular tissue samples in T1 and T2 groups. Based on the results, however, it was concluded that neither 20 nor 40% concentrations of NaCl did ensure the castration effectin the goat kids.(AU)

Resumo

A 84-day trial was conducted to investigate the potentialities of Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera leaves as natural growth promoters in ruminant production. Hence, the leaves were identified, collected, screened, air-dried, and milled separately into powdery form to make the leaf meals. A basal concentrate diet (BCD - control diet) was formulated, and were divided into nine equal portions while the leaf meals: V. amygdalina leaf meal (VALM) or M. oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) were added and thoroughly mixed with concentrate diet at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 w w-1, per each leaf meal, respectively. Thereafter fed to forty-five West African Dwarf growing goats, randomly allocated to the diets. Nutrient intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and weight change of goats were used as response criteria. The results revealed that 20% VALM improved (p < 0.05) crude protein intake, nitrogen retention, final live-weight, average daily weight gain (ADWG), and feed conversion ratio. VALM affected rumen fermentation (p < 0.05) increasing propionic, butyric acids and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentrations, and total viables bacterial. Further, positive strong correlation (R2 = 0.9498) existed between ADWG and TVFA. It can be concluded that VALM and MOLM are potential phytogenic plants capable of altering the rumen ecosystem for improved nutrient intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, better than the control diet, without any detrimental effects on growing goats' performance. Summarily, dietary inclusion of VALM at 20% improved feed utilization and animal performance.(AU)

Resumo

Several studies on the kinetics of sugarcane's fiber digestion have been published, but, to date, no study has evaluated the influence of sugarcane rind on the digestion of fresh sugarcane by ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sugarcane components (rind and pith) on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, metabolizable energy, and sugarcane quality. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme with five sugarcane genotypes [plot] (RB068027, RB058046, RB987917, RB867515, and RB855536) and three sugarcane components [sub-plot] (rind, pith, and whole cane), Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The chemical composition, in vitro gas production, in vitro digestibility, metabolizable energy, and sugarcane quality were evaluated. No interaction between components and genotypes was observed for the variables analyzed herein. Although the rind had a higher crude protein content, it showed a large amount of insoluble crude protein. The rind had higher fibrous fractions, comprising 87.33 % of the indigestible fraction of the neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The sugarcane rind showed ~ 71.20 % more lignin than the pith tissue. Further, the rind decreased by 6.5 % in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to the whole sugarcane. The in vitro NDF digestibility of the rind was 18.38 % lower than the whole sugarcane. The RB068027 genotype showed the lowest sugarcane quality. Despite the higher content of potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber (pdNDF) in the rind, its high lignin content influences the quality of the final fibrous fractions of sugarcane and negatively impacts the nutritional value. The genotypes do not differ nutritionally, but RB855536 presented higher biomass and energy yields.(AU)

Resumo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an essential oil blend (EO), based on cinnamaldehyde and diallyl disulfide, associated or not with antibiotics on intake and nutrient digestibility, ingestive behavior, rumen fermentation, ruminal microbial synthesis, and blood metabolites of feedlot cattle fed a no-forage diet. The study was carried out as a Latin Square with five treatments consisting of a blend of essential oil (EO), monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM), both separately and combined as follows: CON (monensin at 30 mg kg­1 DM), VM (virginiamycin at 25 mg kg­1 DM and monensin at 30 mg kg­1 DM), MEO25 (monensin at 30 mg kg­1 DM and EO at 25 mg kg­1 DM), MEO35 (monensin at 30 mg kg­1 DM and EO at 35 mg kg­1 DM) and EO35 (blend of EO at 35 mg kg­1 DM). There were no effects from additives and their combinations on the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients or ingestive behavior. Furthermore, treatments did not modify the ruminal pH, nor the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and ammonia, nor the microbial protein synthesis. Blood glucose concentration was higher 4 h after morning feeding for all treatments. There was a significant contrast between the VM and EO for the blood concentration of D-Lactate and L-Lactate. There was no difference between the additives in the concentration of cortisol metabolites in the feces. The blend of essential oil studied, containing cinnamaldehyde and diallyl disulfide, associated or not with antibiotics, does not change the nutritional parameters nor the metabolism of feedlot cattle fed a no-forage diet.

Resumo

The objective of the present study was to transpose sperm freezing methodology from domestic goat to the Tadjik markhor (Capra falconeri heptneri) and to address the feasibility to develop IVP and artificial insemination using such frozen semen. Semen of different adult markhor males were successfully recovered by electro-ejaculation and were then frozen using caprine methodology. Frozen semen showed good survival rates at thawing and good fertility rates were assessed in heterologous in vitro fertilization system with goat oocytes. LOPU/IVF was applied for Tadjik markhor females allowing the first successful blastocyst production in vitro. In an applied program, we also transposed successfully intrauterine AI method with frozen/thawed semen to the Tadjik markhor.AU)

Resumo

This study explores the use of WhatsApp as a tool for identifying previously undiagnosed and underreported diseases in ruminants and horses in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The research, carried out from January 2022 to December 2023, involved a WhatsApp group of 302 public service and private sector veterinarians. The contacts were categorized as those that resulted in a necropsy by the veterinary diagnostic laboratory, the sending of a sample for histopathological analysis, or the non-sending of material. The results demonstrate the efficiency of using WhatsApp for diagnosing underreported diseases such as anaplasmosis, haemonchosis, rabies, blackleg disease, Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia, bovine herpesvirus encephalitis, multiple mineral deficiency in cattle and copper poisoning in sheep, thus increasing diagnostic efficiency for veterinary laboratories. The tool also facilitated communication, resulting in an increase in conclusive diagnoses, the identification of previously undiagnosed diseases such as Chlamydia pecorum encephalomyelitis in buffalo, peripheral neuropathy in cattle, phosphorus deficiency in cattle, vitamin A deficiency, and perinatal pneumonia caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae in cattle. In addition, it was possible to identify underreported occurrences, such as cases of abortion and neonatal diarrhea and to implement the correction of diagnostic approaches in real-time via WhatsApp. The study concludes that WhatsApp improves communication between field veterinarians and diagnostic laboratories, providing valuable information on disease occurrence and diagnostic challenges.

Este estudo explora o uso do WhatsApp como ferramenta para identificação de doenças até então não diagnosticadas e subnotificadas em ruminantes e equinos em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. A pesquisa, realizada de janeiro de 2022 a dezembro de 2023, envolveu um grupo de WhatsApp composto por 302 veterinários do serviço público e da iniciativa privada. Os contatos foram categorizados naqueles que resultaram em necropsia pelo laboratório de diagnóstico veterinário, ao envio de amostra para análise histopatológica ou ao não envio de material. Os resultados demonstram a eficiência do uso do WhatsApp para o diagnóstico de doenças subnotificadas como a anaplasmose, hemoncose, raiva, carbúnculo sintomático, pneumonia por Mannheimia haemolytica, encefalite por herpesvírus bovino, deficiência mineral múltipla em bovinos e intoxicação por cobre em ovinos, ampliando assim a eficiência diagnóstica para os laboratórios veterinários. A ferramenta também facilitou a comunicação, resultando em aumento de diagnósticos conclusivos, identificação de doenças não diagnosticadas previamente como a encefalomielite por Chlamydia pecorum em búfalos, neuropatia periférica em bovinos, deficiência de fósforo em bovinos, deficiência de vitamina A e a pneumonia perinatal por Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae em bovinos. Além disso, foi possível identificar ocorrências subnotificadas como casos de aborto e diarreia neonatal, e implementar a correção de abordagens diagnósticas em tempo real via WhatsApp. O estudo conclui que o WhatsApp melhora a comunicação entre veterinários de campo e laboratórios de diagnóstico, fornecendo informações valiosas sobre a ocorrência de doenças e desafios de diagnóstico.

Resumo

This paper describes, within the framework of a retrospective study, the epidemiological and clinicopathological findings in goats and sheep with compressive lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) in Pará. This study included eight sheep and three goats from 2005 to 2022 by reviewing the clinical files of animals with CNS compressive lesions managed by the team of the Carlos Tokarnia Veterinary Hospital of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Pará. The animals with clinical signs were subjected to a general and specific clinical examination of the nervous system. All animals included in the study were necropsied, and the clinical signs were found to vary according to the location of the lesion. At necropsy, changes such as an abscess with osteomyelitis of the vertebral body with pathologic fracture and spinal cord compression, submeningeal abscess in the skull floor, subarachnoid hematoma, and congenital bone changes causing spinal cord compression and ankylosing spondylitis were noted. These findings indicate that a comprehensive clinical examination of the CNS in conjunction with necropsy findings is essential to characterize the clinical picture, localize the lesion, and determine the cause of the disease. The most affected medullary segment was between T3 and L3. Therefore, these diseases should be included in the list of differential diagnoses in farm animals with nervous system symptoms.

O presente trabalho descreve, através de estudo retrospectivo, os achados epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos em caprinos e ovinos com lesões compressivas no sistema nervoso central (SNC) no estado do Pará. O estudo retrospectivo compreendeu as observações realizadas em oito ovinos e três caprinos no período de 2005 a 2022, por meio da revisão dos arquivos de fichas clínicas de animais com lesões compressivas no SNC, atendidos pelo Hospital Veterinário Carlos Tokarnia do Instituto de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Pará. Os animais atendidos com sintomatologia clínica foram submetidos a exames clínicos geral e específico do sistema nervoso. Todos os animais incluídos no estudo foram necropsiados. Os sinais clínicos variaram de acordo com a localização da lesão. Os achados de necropsia revelaram alterações como abscesso com osteomielite do corpo da vértebra com fratura patológica e compressão da medula espinhal; abscesso sub-meningeano no assoalho do crânio; hematoma subaracnoideo e alteração óssea congênita causando compressão medular e espondilite anquilosante. A realização de um minucioso exame clínico do SNC, associado aos achados de necropsia foi importante para caracterizar o quadro clínico, localizar a lesão e determinar a causa da enfermidade. O segmento medular mais acometido foi entre T3-L3. Torna-se importante incluir estas enfermidades na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais em animais de produção que apresentem sintomatologia nervosa.

Resumo

The clinical, epidemiological and anatomopathological findings of anthelmintic poisoning in small ruminants diagnosed at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, from January 2000 to December 2022 are described. A total of 1,928 necropsies were carried out on small ruminants, of which 1,032 were goats and 896 sheep. Four outbreaks of anthelmintic poisoning were identified in these species: one outbreak of ivermectin in sheep, one outbreak of disophenol in goats and sheep and two outbreaks of nitroxinil in goats. These intoxications accounted for 0.78% and 0.23% of goat and sheep diseases diagnosed routinely. In the case of ivermectin poisoning, the animal had neurological clinical signs, and no macroscopic or histopathological alterations were observed. In the outbreaks of disophenol and nitroxinil, the animals showed anorexia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tremors, dyspnea, incoordination and limb rigidity. Macroscopically, there were liver and kidney lesions associated with circulatory alterations, such as hemorrhages and edema. Microscopically, necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes and tubular epithelial cells associated with hemorrhage and congestion were observed. The prevalence of these intoxications in small ruminants is considered low in the Semi-arid Northeast, but outbreaks can occur with high lethality in herds. The main risk factor for the occurrence of intoxications was overdose, combined with other factors such as the age of the animals, high environmental temperature, constant exercise and low body score, which increased the toxicity of anthelmintics.

Descrevem-se os achados clínicos, epidemiológicos e anatomopatológicos das intoxicações por anti-helmínticos em pequenos ruminantes diagnosticadas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, durante o período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2022. Foram realizadas 1.928 necropsias de pequenos ruminantes, sendo 1.032 caprinos e 896 ovinos. Destes, foram identificados quatro surtos de intoxicação por anti-helmínticos nessas espécies: um surto de intoxicação por ivermectina em ovino, um surto de disofenol em caprinos e ovinos e dois surtos por nitroxinil em caprinos. Essas intoxicações representaram 0,78% e 0,23% das doenças de caprinos e ovinos diagnosticadas na rotina, respectivamente. Na intoxicação por ivermectina o animal apresentava sinais clínicos neurológicos e não foram observadas alterações macroscópicas e histopatológicas. Nos surtos de disofenol e nitroxinil, os animais demonstravam anorexia, hipertermia, taquicardia, tremores, dispneia, incoordenação e rigidez de membros. Macroscopicamente observou-se lesões hepáticas e renais associadas a alterações circulatórias como hemorragias e edemas. Microscopicamente observou-se necrose e degeneração de hepatócitos e das células epiteliais tubulares associadas a hemorragia e congestão. A prevalência dessas intoxicações em pequenos ruminantes é considerada baixa no Semiárido nordestino, entretanto, os surtos podem ocorrer com alta letalidade nos rebanhos. O principal fator de risco para a ocorrência das intoxicações foi a sobredosagem aliada aos demais fatores como idade dos animais, temperatura ambiental alta, exercício constante e escore corporal baixo, que provocaram o aumento da toxicidade dos anti-helmínticos.

Resumo

Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis are diseases associated with economic losses; ticks and blood-sucking flies are important zoonotic vectors and reservoirs. This study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-Babesia spp. and anti-Anaplasma marginale antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in ruminants at the Catimbau National Park. Blood samples were collected from 119 sheep, 119 goats, and 47 cattle. Rhipicephalus microplus ticks were collected from cattle. ELISA showed seropositivity of 34% (16/47), 20.3% (24/119), and 16% (19/119) for anti-Babesia bovis; 34% (16/47), 15.2% (18/119), and 9% (7/119) for anti-Babesia bigemina; and 34% (16/47), 35.6% (42/119), and 17% (20/119) for anti-A. marginale antibodies in cattle, goats, and sheep, respectively. The information collected using an epidemiological questionnaire showed that mostly are breed in a semi-intensive system, with access to Caatinga vegetation. The circulation of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and A. marginale was confirmed. Thus, based on the prevalence, this suggests this is an enzootic instability area and is prone to outbreaks.(AU)

A Babesiose e a Anaplasmose são doenças associadas a grandes perdas econômicas, sendo carrapatos e moscas sugadoras de sangue importantes vetores e reservatórios zoonóticos dessas enfermidades. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a circulação de anticorpos anti-Babesia spp. e anti-Anaplasma marginale usando Ensaio de Imunoabsorção Enzimática (ELISA), e Babesia spp. em ruminantes no Parque Nacional do Catimbau. Foram coletados ectoparasitos e amostras de sangue de 119 ovinos, 119 caprinos e 47 bovinos. Carrapatos Rhipicephalus microplus foram coletados em bovinos. O teste ELISA mostrou soropositividade de 34% (16/47), 20,3% (24/119) e 16% (19/119) para anti-Babesia bovis; 34% (16/47), 15,2% (18/119) e 9% (7/119) para anti-Babesia bigemina; e 34% (16/47), 35,6% (42/119) e 17% (20/119) para anti-A. marginale em bovinos, caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. As informações coletadas por meio de questionário epidemiológico mostraram a maioria com sistema semi-intensivo, com acesso à vegetação de Caatinga. A circulação de B. bovis, B. bigemina e A. marginale foi confirmada. Assim, com base na prevalência, essa área foi sugerida como de instabilidade enzoótica e propensa a surtos.(AU)

Resumo

This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in ruminants slaughtered at the abattoir in district Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was determined to be 72.92% based on faecal examination. Among the ruminant species, goats exhibited a significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence of parasitic infection (78.63%) compared to cattle, buffalo, and sheep. Additionally, female ruminants showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of infection (85.62%) compared to males (65.13%). The intestines (both small and large) of small and large ruminants were found to be significantly more affected, with a prevalence of 39.58% of parasitic infection compared to other examined organs. A total of ten parasitic genera were identified in ruminants, including hydatid cysts. Ruminants with a high burden of parasites (45.74%) significantly outnumbered those with light (23.40%) and moderate (30.85%) burdens. Economically, the estimated annual losses in Pakistan due to organ condemnation with GI parasites were substantial, amounting to Pak. Rs. 405.09/- million (USD = 1,428,760). These findings underscore the significance of GI parasite infections as a major animal health concern and a cause of significant economic losses in the research area.(AU)

Este estudo investigou a prevalência de parasitas gastrointestinais em ruminantes abatidos no matadouro do distrito de Narowal, Punjab, Paquistão. A prevalência geral de infecção parasitária foi determinada como sendo de 72,92% com base em exame fecal. Entre as espécies de ruminantes, os caprinos apresentaram uma prevalência significativamente maior (P < 0,05) de infecção parasitária (78,63%), em comparação com bovinos, búfalos e ovinos. Além disso, as fêmeas de ruminantes mostraram uma prevalência significativamente maior (P<0,05) de infecção (85,62%), comparando-se com os machos (65,13%). O intestino (tanto delgado quanto grosso) de pequenos e grandes ruminantes foi significativamente mais afetado, com uma prevalência de 39,58% de infecção parasitária em comparação com outros órgãos examinados. Um total de dez gêneros de parasitas foram identificados em ruminantes, incluindo cisto hidático. Ruminantes com uma alta carga de parasitas (45,74%) superaram, significativamente, aqueles com cargas leves (23,40%) e moderadas (30,85%). Economicamente, as perdas anuais estimadas no Paquistão, devido à condenação de órgãos com parasitas gastrointestinais, foram substanciais, totalizando 405,09 milhões de rupias paquistanesas (USD = 1.428.760). Esses resultados destacam a importância das infecções por parasitas gastrointestinais como uma grande preocupação com a saúde animal e causa de perdas econômicas significativas na área de pesquisa.(AU)

Resumo

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin and mineral levels and congenital defects in digestive and urogenital system anomalies in calves, lambs, and kids. The study material consisted of 13 calves, 15 lambs, 10 kids clinically and radiologically diagnosed with congenital digestive and urogenital system anomalies and 10 newborn clinically healthy calves, 10 lambs, and 10 kids. Congenital defects were diagnosed by clinical and radiological examination. Blood samples were collected from all animals, and sera were extracted for biochemical analysis. Vitamins A, D, and E, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, selenium, and manganese levels were measured in serum samples. Penile urethral diverticulum in kids, atresia ani, atresia ani with vaginal fistula in lambs, and atresia ani and atresia coli defects in calves were determined. Copper levels were higher, and zinc levels were lower in kids with penile urethral diverticulum compared to the control group. Vitamin A levels were lower in lambs with digestive system anomalies compared to the control group. Meanwhile, copper levels were higher in lambs with digestive system anomalies. Vitamin A and D levels were lower in calves with digestive system anomalies compared to the control group. There was no difference in the levels of the other parameters compared to the control group. In conclusion, insufficient serum vitamin A levels may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of congenital intestinal atresia in calves and lambs. Therefore, we believe that parenteral vitamin A administration to the mother, especially in the last trimester of pregnancy in regions with continental climates and poor green vegetation, would be beneficial. Further research should be conducted to determine the role of vitamin A in the etiopathogenesis of congenital atresia ani and coli.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre os níveis séricos de vitaminas e minerais e defeitos congênitos com envolvimento do sistema digestivo e urogenital em bezerros, cordeiros e cabritos. O material de estudo foi constituído por 13 bezerros, 15 cordeiros e 10 cabritos clinicamente e radiologicamente diagnosticados com anomalias congênitas do sistema digestivo e urogenital, e 10 bezerros, 10 cordeiros e 10 cabritos recém-nascidos clinicamente saudáveis. Defeitos congênitos foram diagnosticados por exame clínico e radiológico. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de todos os animais e os soros foram extraídos para análise bioquímica. Os níveis de vitaminas A, D e E, cálcio, fósforo, sódio, potássio, cloro, magnésio, cobre, ferro, zinco, selênio e manganês foram determinados nas amostras de soro. Divertículo uretral peniano em cabritos, atresia anal, atresia anal com fístula vaginal em cordeiros e defeitos de atresia anal e atresia coli em bezerros foram determinados. Os níveis de cobre foram mais altos e os níveis de zinco foram mais baixos em cabritos com divertículo uretral peniano em comparação com o grupo de controle. Os níveis de vitamina A foram mais baixos em cordeiros com anomalias do sistema digestivo em comparação com o grupo de controle. Enquanto isso, os níveis de cobre foram mais altos em cordeiros com anomalias do sistema digestivo. Os níveis de vitaminas A e D foram mais baixos em bezerros com anomalias do sistema digestivo em comparação com o grupo de controle. Não houve diferença nos níveis dos outros parâmetros em comparação com o grupo de controle. Em conclusão, níveis insuficientes de vitamina A sérica podem desempenhar um papel na etiopatogênese da atresia intestinal congênita em bezerros e cordeiros. Portanto, acreditamos que a administração parenteral de vitamina A à mãe, especialmente no último trimestre da gravidez em regiões com clima continental e vegetação verde escassa, seria benéfica. Mais pesquisas devem ser conduzidas para determinar o papel da vitamina A na etiopatogênese da atresia ani e coli congênita.

Resumo

The aim of this study was to determine changes in the carnitine and amino acid profile of goats with clinical pregnancy toxemia. The study included a total of 40 Aleppo breed goats, 20 with clinical pregnancy toxemia and 20 healthy goats. The goats with low glucose level and BHBA of 1.6-5mmol/L formed the group with clinical pregnancy toxemia, and goats with high glucose level and BHBA <0.8mmol/L formed the control group. Carnitine and amino acid profiles were determined in the groups. The results showed that the serum BHBA level was significantly higher, and the glucose level was lower in the clinical pregnancy toxemia group (p<0.001). From the serum amino acid profiles, the levels of Methyl Glutaryl, Valine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Asparagine, Arginine, Glutamic Acid, Alanine and Ornithine were determined to be statistically significantly low in the pregnancy toxemia group (p<0.01), and lysine was determined to be significantly high (p<0.01). It was determined that all serum carnitine profiles, except Decenoylcarnitine and Propionylcarnitine, were higher in goats with clinical pregnancy toxemia (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was concluded that these two profiles can be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of pregnancy toxemia.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar alterações no perfil de carnitina e aminoácidos de cabras com toxemia clínica de gestação. O estudo incluiu um total de 40 cabras da raça Aleppo, 20 com toxemia clínica de gestação e 20 saudáveis. As cabras com baixo nível de glicose e BHBA de 1,6-5 mmol/L formaram o grupo com toxemia clínica da gestação, e as cabras com alto nível de glicose e BHBA <0,8 mmol/L formaram o grupo controle. Os perfis de carnitina e aminoácidos foram determinados nos grupos. Os resultados mostraram que o nível sérico de BHBA foi significativamente maior e o nível de glicose foi menor no grupo de toxemia clínica da gravidez (P<0,001). Com base nos perfis de aminoácidos séricos, os níveis de metil-glutaril, valina, metionina, fenilalanina, tirosina, asparagina, arginina, ácido glutâmico, alanina e ornitina foram determinados como sendo estatística e significativamente baixos no grupo de toxemia da gravidez (P<0,01), e a lisina foi determinada como significativamente alta (P<0,01). Foi determinado que todos os perfis séricos de carnitina, exceto decenoilcarnitina e propionilcarnitina, foram maiores em cabras com toxemia clínica de gestação (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que esses dois perfis podem ser utilizados como biomarcadores no diagnóstico de toxemia gestacional.

Resumo

Goat breeding is an economic activity carried out in the rural areas of the Eastern Mediterranean region of Türkiye. The small ruminants breeding project carried out in extensive farmer conditions was a project which aimed to improve the quality and quantity of meat and milk yields of domestic goat breeds of Anatolia since 2015. The genetic improvement study of indigenous Hair goats was started in 2015 and ended in 2020, using 5985 does and 252 bucks, with the participation of 60 local volunteer farmers in the rural farming system of Eastern Anatolia of Türkiye. At the end of the study, it was found that the birth rate, twinning rate, prolificacy, litter size, and survival rate varied between, 81.88 to 98.18%, 5.26 to 13.54%, 103.00 to 111.00%, 1.11 to 1.27 and 92.67% to 99.06%, by years respectively. As a result of the breeding study, it was determined that the birth weight, weaning weight, and daily body weight gain of the offspring were increased from 2.60 to 3.07 kg, from 8.21 to 10.77 kg, and from 107.74 to 149.15 g, respectively. It was determined that the growth characteristics of kids differed significantly over the years (P < 0.001). As a result of this study, it was determined that production based on local gene resources with improved genetic capacity in rural areas is important for sustainability. Simple recording schemes for the objective assessment of performance traits and planned mating schemes will help enhance animals' production performances in traditional farming systems.

A criação de cabras é uma atividade econômica nas zonas rurais da região mediterrânica oriental da Anatólia, na Turquia. O projeto de criação de pequenos ruminantes em condições de exploração extensiva é um projeto destinado a melhorar a qualidade e a quantidade da produção de carne e leite das raças de cabras autóctones da Anatólia desde 2015. Um destes projetos, o melhoramento genético das cabras indígenas da Anatólia, teve início em 2015 e terminou em 2020, utilizando 5985 fêmeas e 252 machos, com a participação de 60 agricultores voluntários locais no sistema agrícola rural da Anatólia Oriental da Turquia. No final do estudo, observou-se que a taxa de natalidade por ano variou entre 81.88 e 98.18%, enquanto a taxa de gemelaridade foi entre 5.26 e 13.54%, a prolificidade foi entre 103.00 e 111.00%, o tamanho da ninhada foi entre 1.11 e 1.27 e a taxa de sobrevivência foi entre 92.67% e 99.06%. Além disso, observou-se que o peso ao nascer dos cabritos variou entre 2.60 kg e 3.07 kg, o peso ao desmame foi entre 8.21 kg e 10.77 kg e o ganho de peso vivo foi entre 107.74 e 149.15 g. As diferenças observadas por anos em termos de características de crescimento dos cabritos foram observadas como significativamente diferentes umas das outras (P < 0.001). No final deste estudo, concluiu-se que melhores estratégias de criação de raças locais, esquemas simples de registro para a avaliação objetiva de características de desempenho e esquemas de acasalamento planeados ajudarão a melhorar o desempenho da produção animal em sistemas agrícolas tradicionais.

Resumo

Parasitic diseases, notably babesiosis, exert a substantial impact on the global cattle industry, posing challenges to commerce, economies, and human health. This study, conducted in Southern Punjab, Pakistan, aimed to assess the prevalence of Babesia spp. across various livestock species using microscopic and PCR methods. A total of 180 blood samples (60 from each district) were systematically collected from apparently healthy animals, with 36 samples obtained from each domestic animal species, including camel, cattle, buffalo, goat, and sheep, noting that 12 samples were collected from each district for each animal species. Overall prevalence was determined to be 32.8% (59/180), with varying rates among species: 25.0% in cattle, 41.66% in buffalo, 30.55% in goats, 33.3% in sheep, and 33.3% in camels. Microscopic examination revealed slightly varied infection rates among large and small domestic animals (22.2%), while PCR results indicated a 32.8% overall infection rate in both large and small domestic animals, with no statistical significance. District-wise analysis showed regional variations, with Muzaffargarh recording a prevalence rate of 23.33% through microscopic examination, while Lodhran and Bahawalpur recorded 21.67%. PCR results revealed higher rates (38.33%, 26.67%, and 33.33%, respectively), underlining the importance of employing PCR for accurate detection. Examining ruminant types, large ruminants exhibited a 32.4% infection rate, while small domestic animals showed 33.3%, with no significant difference (p=0.897). District-wise prevalence showcased significant variation, with Muzaffargarh demonstrating a 25% prevalence, Lodhran 22%, and Bahawalpur 22%, through microscopic examination. PCR results displayed 38.33%, 27%, and 33.3%, respectively, with no statistical significance. Detailed analysis of individual districts highlighted variations in infection rates among camels, cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep. The binomial test indicated significant differences through microscopic analysis (P=0.011) but non-significant variations through PCR (P=0.065), emphasizing the precision of PCR. Regional variations in prevalence, notably with Punjab exhibiting the highest frequency (33.87%) and KPK the lowest (13.24%), suggest potential influences from varying veterinary practices and environmental factors. This study underscores the pivotal role of PCR alongside microscopy for accurate babesiosis diagnosis. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of babesiosis prevalence, emphasizing the necessity of advanced molecular techniques for informed control measures.

Doenças parasitárias, especialmente a babesiose, exercem um impacto substancial na indústria global de bovinos, apresentando desafios ao comércio, às economias e à saúde humana. Este estudo, realizado no Sul do Punjab, Paquistão, teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de Babesia spp. em várias espécies de animais domésticos, utilizando métodos microscópicos e de PCR. Um total de 180 amostras de sangue (60 de cada distrito) foi coletado sistematicamente de animais aparentemente saudáveis, com 36 amostras obtidas de cada espécie de animal doméstico, incluindo camelo, gado, búfalo, cabra e ovelha, observando que 12 amostras foram coletadas de cada distrito para cada espécie de animal. A prevalência global foi determinada em 32,8% (59/180), com taxas variáveis entre as espécies: 25,0% em bovinos, 41,66% em búfalos, 30,55% em cabras, 33,3% em ovelhas e 33,3% em camelos. A análise microscópica revelou taxas de infecção ligeiramente variadas entre animais domésticos grandes e pequenos (22,2%), enquanto os resultados da PCR indicaram uma taxa global de infecção de 32,8% em ambos os grupos, sem significância estatística. A análise por distrito mostrou variações regionais, com Muzaffargarh registrando uma taxa de prevalência de 23,33% através de exame microscópico, enquanto Lodhran e Bahawalpur registraram 21,67%. Resultados da PCR revelaram taxas mais altas (38,33%, 26,67% e 33,33%, respectivamente), destacando a importância da PCR para detecção precisa. Ao examinar tipos de ruminantes, ruminantes grandes apresentaram uma taxa de infecção de 32,4%, enquanto animais domésticos pequenos mostraram 33,3%, sem diferença significativa (p=0,897). A prevalência por distrito mostrou variação significativa, com Muzaffargarh demonstrando uma prevalência de 25%, Lodhran 22% e Bahawalpur 22%, através de exame microscópico. Resultados da PCR exibiram 38,33%, 27% e 33,3%, respectivamente, sem significância estatística. Análise detalhada dos distritos individuais destacou variações nas taxas de infecção entre camelos, bovinos, búfalos, cabras e ovelhas. O teste binomial indicou diferenças significativas através da análise microscópica (P=0,011), mas variações não significativas através da PCR (P=0,065), enfatizando a precisão da PCR. Variações regionais na prevalência, notadamente com Punjab exibindo a maior frequência (33,87%) e KPK a menor (13,24%), sugerem influências potenciais de práticas veterinárias variadas e fatores ambientais. Este estudo destaca o papel fundamental da PCR juntamente com a microscopia para um diagnóstico preciso da babesiose. Essas descobertas contribuem para uma compreensão mais ampla da prevalência da babesiose, enfatizando a necessidade de técnicas moleculares avançadas para medidas de controle informadas.

Resumo

Eryngiumfoetidum exhibits low germination rates and heterogeneous seed maturation. Thus, in order to reduce problems during seedling production, a number of treatments can be used. The aim of this study was to assess the physiological quality of Amazon chicory seeds submitted to water immersion treatments. Two experiments were conducted, under controlled temperature (25 ºC) and nursery conditions, with six treatments (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours) in each. A completely randomized design was used in the controlled condition and random blocks in the nursery. The following were assessed: germination/emergence speed index (GSI/ESI), mean germination/emergence time (MGT/MET), germination/emergence percentage, normal seedling development, fresh weight and dry weight. The data were submitted to linear and second-order polynomial regression analysis in the R statistical program. Under controlled conditions, Maximum GSI was 4.65 after 18.03 hours of immersion, and for MGT, 12 h of immersion provided a shorter average time (13.76 days) and obtained 39.26% of germinated seeds after 26.27 h of immersion, as well as 19.34% of normal seedlings in 27.97 h. In the nursery, a lower MET was observed after 48 h and mean fresh and dry weight were higher after 12 h (18.47 and 1.44 g, respectively). Thus, water immersion for 12 hours resulted in a shorter germination time and higher fresh and dry weight, and the treatment may have helped reactivate embryo metabolism and growth.

A Eryngium foetidum apresenta desuniformidade e baixas taxas de germinação. Assim, visando reduzir as problemáticas durante a produção de mudas, alguns tratamentos podem ser realizados. Por isso, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de chicória da Amazônia submetidas a tratamentos de imersão em água. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em condição controlada de temperatura (25 ºC) e em condição de viveiro, testados seis tratamentos (0, 12, 24, 36 e 48 horas) em ambos. Na condição controlada, utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado e no viveiro, blocos ao acaso. Sendo avaliado: índice de velocidade de germinação/emergência (IVG/IVE), tempo médio de germinação/emergência (TMG/TME), porcentagem de germinação/emergência, desenvolvimento de plântulas normais, massa fresca e massa seca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear e polinomial de 2ª ordem no programa estatístico computacional "R". Na condição controlada, o IVG apresentou valor máximo de 4,65 após estimativa de 18,03 horas de imersão, para o TMG 12 h de imersão proporcionou tempo médio menor (13,76 dias) e obteve 39,26% de sementes germinadas após estimativa de 26,27 h de imersão, assim como 19,34% de plântulas normais em 27,97 h. Enquanto no viveiro, para o TME observou menor valor após 48 h e massa fresca e seca se obteve maiores médias após 12 h, 18,47 g e 1,44 g, respectivamente. Assim, a imersão em água por 12 horas proporcionou menor tempo de germinação e maior massa fresca e seca, possivelmente o tratamento auxiliou na reativação do metabolismo e crescimento do embrião.