Resumo

Caecilia tentaculata is an amphibian species of the order Gymnophiona, widely distributed throughout Amazonia. We reviewed the species' color pattern based on the analysis of collection specimens representing several populations across its geographic range. We identified two main color patterns determined by the pigmentation of the primary and secondary grooves, along with variations in the color of the head, lower jaw, gular and terminal regions of the body that occur independently of the two patterns. We observed a high frequency of partial leucism in the C. tentaculata populations studied. Considering that chromatic anomalies are rare in wild animals, the unexpected high frequency of partial leucism in this species is noteworthy. Our results underscore the importance of reassessing the color patterns of Caecilia species. Therefore, we recommend that color characters should be used with caution in Caecilia taxonomy since their variation is unknown for most species of the genus.

Caecilia tentaculata é uma espécie de anfíbio da ordem Gymnophiona amplamente distribuída na Amazônia. Revisamos o padrão de cor da espécie com base na análise de espécimes de coleção representando várias populações ao longo de sua distribuição geográfica. Encontramos dois principais padrões de cor determinados pela pigmentação dos sulcos primários e secundários, além de algumas variações de coloração da cabeça, mandíbula, região gular e terminal do corpo que independem dos dois padrões. Observamos uma alta frequência de leucismo parcial nas populações de C. tentaculata estudadas. Tendo em vista que anomalias cromáticas são raras em animais selvagens, a frequência inesperadamente alta de leucismo parcial encontrada na espécie é notável. Nossos resultados ressaltam a importância de reavaliar os padrões de cor das espécies de Caecilia. Portanto, recomendamos que os caracteres de coloração devem ser usados com cautela na taxonomia de Caecilia, uma vez que sua variação é desconhecida para a maioria das espécies do gênero.

Resumo

Two new species of Elaphidiini from Colombia are described: Sphaerion costae sp. nov., and Mephritus costae sp. nov. The keys to species of Sphaerion Audinet-Serville, 1834 and Mephritus Pascoe, 1866 are translated and modified to include the new species. Chromatic variations of Mephritus apicatus (Linsley, 1935) are reported. Moreover, the geographical distribution is expanded for 12 species of Elaphidiini.

Resumo

Corn is the major energy ingredient in diets, and many ingredients have been tested aiming to replace it. In this regard, sorghum stands out for its chemical profile similar to that of corn. However, because it is low in carotenoids, its inclusion in diets reduces the egg yolk color pigmentation, which can be corrected by the addition of synthetic pigments. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and egg quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) supplemented with red (canthaxanthin) and yellow (apo-ester 10%) synthetic pigments. A total of 150 quail at 70 days of age were distributed according to the experimental diet [R1: corn-based control diet (DC); R2: sorghum-based diet (DS); R3: DS + yellow; R4: DS + yellow + red; and R5: DS + red] with six replications and five birds per experimental unit, for 28 days. Performance, egg quality, yolk color, and feed cost characteristics were evaluated. Regression equations were estimated for the effects of color as a function of periods, and treatment means were compared by Tukey's test at 0.05 probability. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of additives on the quail productive traits. However, addition of synthetic pigments significantly improved the chromatic profile of the yolks (P<0.05). Inclusion of synthetic pigments improves yolk color, but should be evaluated according to market demands.(AU)

O milho é o principal ingrediente energético nas rações. A fim de substituí-lo, vários ingredientes foram testados. Nesse sentido, destaca-se o sorgo, pois apresenta perfil bromatológico semelhante ao do milho. No entanto, por ser deficiente em carotenoides, sua inclusão na ração reduz a pigmentação da gema do ovo, o que pode ser corrigido por meio da adição de pigmentos sintéticos. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) suplementadas com os pigmentantes sintéticos vermelho (cantaxantina) e amarelo (apoéster 10%). Foram utilizadas 150 codornas japonesas com 70 dias de idade, distribuídas de acordo com a ração experimental (R1: ração referência à base de milho; R2: ração à base de sorgo (RS); R3: RS + amarelo; R4: RS + amarelo + vermelho; R5: RS + vermelho), com seis repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental, durante 28 dias. Foram avaliadas as características de desempenho, qualidade dos ovos, cor da gema e custo das rações. Equações de regressão dos efeitos da cor em função dos períodos foram estimadas, e as médias de tratamento foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com 0,05 de probabilidade. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) dos aditivos sobre as características produtivas das codornas. Entretanto, a adição de pigmentantes sintéticos melhorou significativamente o perfil cromático das gemas dos ovos de codornas (P<0,05). A inclusão de pigmentantes sintéticos melhora a cor das gemas, porém deve ser avaliada de acordo com as exigências de mercado.(AU)

Resumo

O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar o impacto da taxa de ganho (TG) e do sistema de terminação sobre as características de crescimento, metabolismo muscular, metabolismo pós morte e qualidade de carne de bovinos abatidos com base no peso vivo (530 kg ± 20 kg) ou no tempo de alimentação (140 dias). Setenta e dois machos castrados cruzados Angus x Nelore foram designados aleatoriamente para um dos quatro tratamentos: 1) confinamento, alta TG (C-A); 2) confinamento, baixa TG (C-B); 3) pasto, alta TG (P-A); e 4) pasto, baixa TG (P-B). Periodicamente, ao longo do estudo, os animais foram pesados e avaliados, por ultrassonografia, quanto à deposição de tecido muscular e de gordura subcutânea. No momento do abate, foram coletados dados sobre as características de carcaça, além de amostragens do músculo Longissimus thoracis (LT) para análises de glicólise in vitro. Após 24 horas de resfriamento da carcaça, foram coletadas amostras do músculo LT para análises de metabólitos e expressão de enzimas relacionadas com o metabolismo energético. Além disso, foram coletadas amostras do músculo LT para avaliar a cor e a força de cisalhamento em 3 tempos de maturação (0, 7 e 14 dias de maturação), na qual as amostras maturadas por 7 dias também foram avaliadas por um painel sensorial de aceitação do consumidor. Todos os dados foram analisados utilizando o procedimento MIXED do software SAS a partir de um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no qual o tratamento foi considerado como efeito fixo e cada critério de abate foi analisado separadamente. Houve interação entre tratamento e o tempo de alimentação para as características de peso vivo e deposição de músculo e gordura em ambos os critérios de abate (P < 0,05). Houve interação entre tratamento e o tempo de maturação para as características de cor (L*, a* e b*) e força de cisalhamento em ambos os critérios de abate (P < 0,05). Animais C-A e C-B apresentaram carnes não-maturadas mais macia e com maiores valores de L* quando comparada com animais P-A e P-B. No entanto, a carne dos animais C-A apresentou maiores valores de a* e b* quando comparada com a de animais P-A e P-B (P < 0,05), enquanto a carne dos animais CB apresentou valores semelhantes de a* e b* quando comparada com a de animais P-A e P-B. O processo dematuração alterou a cor da carne e os valores de força de cisalhamento, o qual também foi dependente do critério de abate. No critério de abate com base no peso, a carne de animais C-A apresentaram maiores valores de L* quando comparadas com os outros tratamentos (P < 0,05), além de apresentar maiores valores de b* quando comparado com a de animais P-A e P-B (P < 0,05). Entretanto, no critério de abate com base no tempo de alimentação, a carne de animais CA apresentou maiores valores de L* quando comparada com a de animais PA e PB (P < 0,01), além de maiores valores de a* e b* quando comparada com a dos outros tratamentos quando maturadas por 7 e 14 dias (P < 0,05). Além disso, a maturação por 14 dias eliminou a diferença na força de cisalhamento entre os animais terminados a pasto e confinamento quando abatidos com base no peso (P < 0,05), entretanto isto não aconteceu quando abatidos com base no tempo de alimentação (P > 0,05). No painel sensorial, os consumidores preferiram carne de animais terminados em confinamento (CA e CB) quando comparado com animais terminados a pasto (PA e PB) (P < 0,01). Animais terminados a pasto, principalmente animais PB, apresentaram um metabolismo energético muscular mais direcionado para a via oxidativa. Além disso, animais PB quando abatidos com base no tempo de alimentação apresentaram maiores valores de pH quando comparado com animais terminados em confinamento (P < 0,05), o que não foi observado quando os animais foram abatidos com base no peso vivo. Portanto, o sistema de alimentação e a TG têm um efeito pronunciado sobre o metabolismo muscular e pós morte e, consequentemente, na qualidade de carne, no qual o sistema de terminação aparenta ser o principal responsável pelos atributos de luminosidade, maciez e aceitação sensorial da carne, enquanto a TG exerce principalmente um efeito nos atributos cromáticos da cor da carne. Além disso, a carne escura de animais terminados a pasto pode estar relacionada com carcaças leves e magras e/ou com um metabolismo muscular mais oxidativo.

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the gain rate (GR) and the finishing system on growth characteristics, muscle metabolism, post-mortem metabolism and meat quality of cattle slaughtered based on live weight (530 kg ± 20 kg) or feeding time (140 days). Seventy-two Angus x Nellore crossbred males were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) feedlot, high GR (FH); 2) feedlot, low GR (FL); 3) pasture, high GR (PH); and 4) pasture, low GR (PL). Periodically throughout the study, the animals were weighed and evaluated by ultrasound for the muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat deposition. At slaughter, data on carcass characteristics were collected and Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle was sampled for further in vitro glycolysis analysis. After 24 h of carcass cooling, LT muscle samples were collected for further analysis of metabolites and enzymes expression related to energy metabolism. In addition, LT muscle samples were collected to evaluate color and shear force at 3 aging times (0-, 7- and 14-days aging), in which samples aged for 7 days were also evaluated by a sensory panel of consumer acceptance. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of the SAS software from a completely randomized design, in which the treatment was considered as a fixed effect and each slaughter criterion was analyzed separately. There was an interaction between treatment and feeding time for live weight and muscle and fat deposition in both slaughter criteria (P < 0.05). The FH and FL animals showed non-aged meat more tenderness with higher L* values when compared to PH and PL animals. However, meat from FH animals showed higher a* and b* values when compared to that from PH and PL animals (P < 0.05), while the meat from FL animals showed similar a* and b* values when compared to that from PH and PL animals. The aging process modified the beef color and shear force values, which also was dependent on the slaughter criterion. In the slaughter criterion based on weight, meat from FH animals showed higher L* values when compared with that from other treatments (P < 0.05), in addition to presenting higher b* values when compared with that from PH animals and PL (P < 0.05). However, in the slaughter criterion based on feeding time, meat from FH animals showed higher L* valueswhen compared with that from PH and PL animals (P < 0.01), in addition to a higher a* and b* value when compared with that from other treatments when aged for 7 and 14 days (P < 0.05). In addition, aging for 14 days mitigated the difference in shear force between animals finished on pasture and feedlot when slaughtered based on weight (P < 0.05); however, this difference was not observed when animals were slaughtered based on feeding time (P > 0.05). In the sensory panel, consumers preferred meat from animals finished in feedlot (FH and FL) when compared to animals finished in pasture (PH and PL) (P < 0.01). Animals finished in pasture, mainly PL animals, showed a muscle energy metabolism more directed towards the oxidative pathway. In addition, PL animals showed higher pH values when compared to animals finished in feedlot when slaughtered based on feeding time (P < 0.05), which was not observed when the animals were slaughtered based on live weight. Therefore, the feeding system and GR have a pronounced effect on muscle metabolism and postmortem and, consequently, on meat quality, in which the finishing system appears to be the main responsible for the attributes of lightness, tenderness and sensory acceptance of the meat, while GR mainly has an effect on the chromatic attributes of meat color. In addition, the dark meat from animals finished on pasture may be related to light and lean carcasses and/or to a more oxidative muscle metabolism.

Resumo

The Amazon tree boa Corallus hortulanus is known for featuring a wide variation in color pattern and design markings. Although there are studies on its polychromatism, none of them addresses the geographic variation in the color pattern of this species. The aim of this study was to describe the chromatic variation found in the populations of C. hortulanus from the southern Amazon Basin and its relationship with geographic distribution of the species. Analysis of both design markings and color patterns on 112 C. hortulanus specimens from the southern Amazon Basin interfluves resulted in the identification of six distinct morphotypes. Grayish-brown coloration and elongated diamond-shaped patterns were the most frequent patterns. Two morphotypes showed a tendency of correlation with the geographical distribution of those species found in Madeira and Juruá Rivers. The small sample size does not allow for a robust conclusion on the possible cause of geographic variation. The distribution of morphological patterns of C. hortullanus in the Amazon Basin suggest that there is gene flow between populations, regardless of geographical distance and natural barriers. The variation in color pattern and markings may represent a phenotypic response to the characteristics of different habitats occupied by the species.

Corallus hortulanus é uma serpente conhecida por apresentar grande variação no padrão de coloração e desenho. Apesar de estudos relacionados ao seu policromatismo, nenhum deles abordou a variação geográfica no padrão de cor desta espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a variação cromática das populações de C. hortulanus na Calha sul do Rio Amazonas e verificar a correlação entre a distribuição geográfica e a variação encontrada. A partir da análise do padrão de desenho e cor de 112 espécimes de C. hortulanus procedentes dos interflúvios (área entre dois rios) da Calha Sul foram descritos seis morfotipos. Dos seis morfotipos descritos, a cor marrom-acinzentado e o padrão de desenho losango alongado foram os mais comuns entre as populações analisadas. Dois morfotipos apresentaram uma tendência de correlação com a distribuição geográfica, estando relacionados aos rios Madeira e Juruá, embora o número de amostras tenha sido pequeno. A distribuição dos padrões morfológicos de C. hortullanus na Bacia Amazônica revelou que existe fluxo gênico entre as populações, independentemente da distância geográfica e das barreiras naturais. Provavelmente, o padrão de cor e desenho seja uma resposta fenotípica às pressões nos diferentes ambientes ocupados pela espécie.

Resumo

The genus Callicebus is one of the most diverse Neotropical primate groups, with 31 recognized species. However, large knowledge gaps still exist regarding the diversity of this genus. Such gaps are gradually being filled due to recent intensification of sampling efforts. Several geographic distributions have been better delimited, and six new species have been described in the last 15 years. The goal of the present study is to describe a new species of Callicebus belonging to the Callicebus moloch species group, recently discovered in an area previously considered to be part of the geographic distribution of C. cinerascens. Data collection was conducted through direct observations, specimen collection and interviews with local residents during four expeditions. Specimens were deposited in the mammalian collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. For a comparative evaluation, we examined specimens of the other species of the Callicebus moloch species group, especially the geographically neighboring forms, C. bernhardi and C. cinerascens. We examined 10 chromatic characters of the fur. In addition to body mass, we verified the conventional external variables and 26 craniometric variables. The new species differs from all other Amazonian Callicebus by an exclusive combination of characters, being easily distinguished by the light gray line of the forehead, dark ocher sideburns and throat, dark gray portions of the torso and flanks, and uniformly orange tail. The geographic distribution of the new species is limited by the Roosevelt and Aripuanã rivers, in the states of Mato Grosso and Amazonas, Brazil. Approximately 25% (1,246.382 ha) of this area falls within conservation areas, with five areas of sustainable use (746,818 ha) and three of integral protection (499,564 ha). Furthermore, a considerable portion of the distribution area is located within indigenous lands (1,555.116 ha – 32%). Therefore, 577% (2,801.498 ha) of the occurrence area of the new species falls within protected areas.

Resumo

A proposta deste trabalho teve como início revisar sobre o cenário da ovinocultura, bem como seus entraves como as endoparasitoses e os vários métodos de controle. O uso de anti-helmínticos ainda é a principal forma de controle, porém o surgimento de cepas multirresistentes tem limitado sua eficácia. No estado do Acre, pouco se sabe sobre a eficácia dos anti-helmínticos sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. Desta forma, foram selecionadas propriedades criadoras de ovinos ao qual estivessem parasitados e estes animais foram agrupados em grupo, onde cada grupo (n:11) recebeu um composto químico (Closantel, Albendazol, Monepantel, Ivermectina e Levamisol). Os resultados demonstraram ineficiência dos anti- helminticos em todos os grupos tratados aos sete dias de tratamento, porém houve uma melhora aos 14 dias de tratamento aos grupos Levamisol, Ivermectina e Albendazol. O grupo Monepantel e Closantel mostrou resultado negativo quanto a sua atividade anti-helmíntica. Diante do surgimento de resistência anti-helmíntica em rebanhos de ovinos no estado do Acre, se faz necessário a busca por novas alternativas no controle das endoparasitoses de ovinos. Assim extratos das folhas da Carapa guianensis e da Uncaria guianensis foram preparadas para determinar seu potencial anti-helmíntico, além de sua toxicidade através da Artemia salina Leach e a análise fitoquímica para a determinação de possíveis potenciais metabólicos bioativos com base nas reações cromáticas e de precipitação. Para avaliar o potencial anti-helmíntico dos extratos, fezes de ovinos naturalmente infectados com nematódeos gastrintestinais foram coletadas e adicionou-se 2ml do extrato etanólico da folha de Carapa guianensis e de Uncaria guianensis nas concentrações de 50mg/ml e 100mg/ml, os quais posteriormente foram submetidos à coprocultura. Os resultados comprovaram que as folhas de Carapa guianeneis e de Uncaria guianensis apresentam toxicidade, o que leva a indicar atividade biológica sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos, o qual foi comprovado através de testes biológicos (coprocultura) e que provavelmente a presença de metabólitos bioativos como o tanino estejam envolvidos nesse processo. Assim no presente trabalho, foi possível observar que diante de problemas com resistência anti-helmíntica, o uso da folha da Carapa guianensis e Uncaria guianensis pode ser uma boa alternativa no controle das endoparasitoses de ovinos na Amazônia Ocidental.

The purpose of this work was to review the sheep farming scenario, as well as its obstacles such as endoparasites and various control methods. The use of anthelmintics is still the main form of control, but the emergence of multiresistant strains has limited its effectiveness. In the state of Acre, little is known about the efficacy of anthelmintics on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. In this way, sheep- rearing properties were selected to which they were parasitized and these animals were grouped into groups, where each group (n: 11) received a chemical compound (Closantel, Albendazole, Monepantel, Ivermectin and Levamisole). The results demonstrated inefficiency of anthelmintics in all groups treated at 7 days of treatment, but there was an improvement at 14 days of treatment in the Levamisole, Ivermectin and Albendazole groups. The Monepantel and Closantel group showed negative results regarding their anthelmintic activity. Faced with the appearance of anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks in the state of Acre, it is necessary to search for new alternatives in the control of ovine endoparasites. Thus, extracts from the leaves of Carapa guianensis and Uncaria guianensis were prepared to determine their anthelmintic potential, as well as their toxicity through Artemia salina Leach and the phytochemical analysis for the determination of potential bioactive metabolic potentials based on chromatic and precipitation reactions. To evaluate the anthelmintic potential of the extracts, sheep faeces naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were collected and 2ml of the ethanolic extract of the leaf of Carapa guianensis and of Uncaria guianensis were added in the concentrations of 50mg/ ml and 100mg/ ml, which later they were submitted to coproculture. The results showed that the leaves of Carapa guianensis and Uncaria guianensis show toxicity, which leads to indicate biological activity on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, which has been proven through biological tests (coproculture) and that probably the presence of bioactive metabolites such as are involved in this process. Thus, in the present study, it was possible to observe that in the presence of problems with anthelmintic resistance, the use of Carapa guianensis and Uncaria guianensis leaves may be a good alternative for the control of sheep endoparasites in the Western Amazon.

Resumo

Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms. Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomori's Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identified using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classified as negative (-), positive with focal or multifocal staining (+) and positive with diffuse staining (++). The proliferative index was calculated by counting nuclei positive for Ki-67 (anti-MIB-1) in a total of 1000 neoplastic cells. Macroscopically, the stomach fragment revealed an intramural nodule covered by mucosa and with a slightly lobulated surface. Microscopically, the neoplastic mass was located in the submucous layer of stomach and composed by a spindle cell proliferation forming intersecting fascicles. Neoplastic cells revealed vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and multiple conspicuous nucleoli. Absence of chromatic affinity for GT was observed in this tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for vimentin (++), moderate and diffuse staining for c-KIT (++), moderate and multifocal staining for S-100 (+) and negative staining (-) for SMA and CK AE1/AE3. The proliferation index was 6.8%. Discussion: GISTs are mesenquimal neoplasms that affect the GIT. The spindle aspect of this tumor is similar to other mesenquimal tumors of the GIT. A mesenquimal appearance associated with epithelioid areas was observed in this case report. Mesenquimal histogenesis was confirmed by positivity for vimentin and negativity for cytokeratin. GT evaluation revealed absence of muscular and collagenous components within the neoplasm, discarding the diagnosis of leiomiosarcoma or fibrosarcoma. The absence of smooth muscle tumor cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical negativity for SMA. In addition, multifocal and diffuse cytoplasmic imunostaining was observed for S-100 and c-KIT, respectively. According the literature, human and canine GISTs are positive for c-KIT and negative for S-100. The S-100 expression described in this study, has been reported in humans GISTs and is probably associated with neural differentiation. Therefore, histomorfological and immunohistochemical findings allowed a definitive diagnosis of canine GIST, differentiating the tumour from other mesenchymal neoplasms of the GIT.

Resumo

Uma revisão taxonômica de duas espécies nominais de raias de água doce do gênero Potamotrygon previamente consideradas válidas, Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, 1963 e Potamotrygon castexi Castello & Yagolkowski, 1969, foi realizada baseada numa análise detalhada abrangendo aspectos da morfologia externa e interna, incluindo um estudo morfométrico e merístico de espécimes provenientes da distribuição registrada dessas espécies. Além dessas espécies, o status taxonômico da espécie nominal Potamotrygon menchacai Achenbach, 1967, tratada por autores prévios como sinônimo júnior de Potamotrygon falkneri, foi avaliado. As espécies nominais que constituem o que foi chamado de complexo falkneri-castexi representam exemplos da variação cromática encontrados em uma única espécie, uma vez que ocorrem padrões intermediários de coloração e os caracteres restantes não são consistentes para separação em nível específico. Sendo assim, a espécie nominal P. falkneri é considerada válida e as espécies nominais P. castexi e P. menchacai sinônimos juniores desta. Adicionalmente, uma possível espécie nova é apresentada do río Madre de Dios no Peru, sendo esta portadora de alguns caracteres destoantes de P. falkneri. Essa espécie, conhecida de poucos indivíduos, é tratada aqui provisoriamente como Potamotrygon sp.

A taxonomic revision of two nominal species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Potamotrygon previously considered valid, Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, 1963 and Potamotrygon castexi Castello & Yagolkowski, 1969, was conducted based on a detailed analysis of external and internal morphology, including a morphometric and meristic study of specimens from the recorded range of both species. The taxonomic status of the nominal species P. menchacai Achenbach, 1967, treated by previous authors as a junior synonym of P. falkneri, was also evaluated. These nominal species, which constitute what has been called the falkneri-castexi complex, were found to represent examples of chromatic variation present in a single species, given that intermediate patterns of coloration are common and the remaining characters analyzed are not consistent enough for separation at the specific level. Consequently, Potamotrygon falkneri is considered valid, whereas the nominal species Potamotrygon castexi and Potamotrygon menchacai are concluded to be junior synonyms of P. falkneri. Additionally, a putative new species is identified from the río Madre de Díos in Peru, which has some characters that do not correspond to P. falkneri. This species, known from few individuals, is here provisionally treated as Potamotrygon sp.

Resumo

The stages of gonadal development for the female of "barba-ruça" shrimp (Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888) were characterized based on histological analysis. Four stages (immature, almost mature, ripe and spawned) were determined according to the structure and arrangement of cells in the ovary. Each stage corresponds macroscopically to a characteristic color, except stages I (immature) and IV (spawned), in which colors are very similar and can be distinguished only microscopically. The chromatic scale varies from white/translucent (stage I), neutral green (almost mature) to dark green (ripe). The mean size of cells was 56.9 µm (±3.5) (stage I), 127 µm (±2.6) (stage II) and 183 µm (±1.91) (stage III). The size frequency of cells was polimodal, and different cell stages were observed in ripe ovary, suggesting the occurrence of multiple spawning. The chromatic scale developed is an important tool for laboratory analysis, and can be easily used to identify the gonadal stages.

Resumo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fermentation maceration periods on thephysicochemical, chromatic, and phenolic composition ofwines made from the 'Bordô' vine. This work was carried out at the Fruit Growing Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina -Canoinhas Campus, in 2022. The 'Bordô' grape was harvested from a commercial vineyard, totaling five treatments consisting of different fermentation maceration periods: 02, 04, 06, 08 and 10 days. The wine was bottled in July 2022, after malolactic fermentation had finished, and the wines were evaluated ten days later. The analyses were carried out in triplicate, evaluating relative density, pH, total acidity, color intensity, color tone and total polyphenols. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test. The fermentation maceration period did not influence the color tone,total titratable acidity, relative density, and pH of the wines. In terms of total polyphenol content and color intensity, there was an increase in these variables as a function of the length of fermentation maceration. Therefore, the length of fermentation maceration influences the color and phenolic composition of wines made from the 'Bordô' grape.

Tem-se como objetivo deste trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de maceração fermentativa na composição físico-química, cromática e fenólica de vinhos elaborados com a videira 'Bordô'. O presente trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Fruticultura do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina ­Campus Canoinhas, no ano de 2022. A uva 'Bordô' foi colhida em um vinhedo comercial, que consistem em diferentes períodos de maceração fermentativa: 02, 04, 06, 08 e 10 dias. O vinho foi envasado em julho de 2022, após término a fermentação malolática, e após dez dias após realizou-se as avaliações dos vinhos. As análises foram realizadas em triplicata, avaliando-se: densidade relativa, pH, acidez total, intensidade de cor, tonalidade de cor e polifenóis totais. Os dados serão submetidos à análise de variância e suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O período de maceração fermentativa não influenciou a tonalidade de coloração, acidez total titulável, densidade relativa e pH dos vinhos. Em relação ao conteúdo de polifenóis totais e intensidade de cor, verificou-se aumento destas variáveis em função do aumento do período de maceração fermentativa. Portanto, o tempo da maceração fermentativa influencia na composição cromática e fenólica dos vinhos elaborados com a uva 'Bordô'.

Resumo

Estudaram-se os efeitos do BandVet® na reparação corneal em cães após ceratectomia superficial. Utilizaram-se 16 cães adultos, sem raça definida, machos ou fêmeas, sendo oito tratados com o BandVet® (BV) e os demais, com cloreto de sódio a 0,9%, (CO) subdivididos em grupos para avaliação clínica diária durante os 3, 7, 14 e 28 dias de pós-operatório. Foram atribuídos escores para a avaliação clínica quanto ao blefarospasmo, congestão conjuntival, vascularização, pigmentação e edema corneais. Encontraram-se blefarospasmo e fotofobia nos períodos iniciais de pósoperatório. Houve diferença significativa quanto à congestão conjuntival e secreção ocular aos sete dias de pós-operatório. A vascularização manteve-se constante desde os períodos iniciais, desaparecendo no período final, apenas no grupo tratado. O edema corneal esteve sempre presente em ambos os grupos, diferindo estatisticamente aos 14 dias de pós-operatório. Ao término dos períodos, os olhos ceratectomizados foram enucleados e as córneas submetidas a estudo morfométrico (contagem de células inflamatórias, contagem de pontos de colágeno, contagem de fibroblastos e mensuração da espessura do epitélio e estroma corneais), histoquímico (Alcian Blue pH 1.0 e Alcian Blue pH 2.5), de análise digital (avaliação cromática tridimensional de superfície) e imunoistoquímico (expressão da fibronectina e da tenascina). Relativamente à contagem das células inflamatórias, observou-se maior quantitativo nos animais do grupo BV, durante os quatro períodos avaliados. Relativamente aos pontos de colágeno, observou-se nas córneas dos animais do grupo BV, um maior número de pontos nos quatro períodos avaliados, havendo diferença estatística, comparativamente aos valores das áreas...

The effects of Bandvet® on corneal repair was studied after superficial keratectomy. Sixteen adult cross-breed dogs were used, being eight treated with Bandvet® (BV) and eight with saline 0.9% (CO). Daily clinical evaluations were accomplished 3, 7, 14 and 28 days in the post-operative period. Blepharospasm, conjuntival congestion, ocular discharge, photofobia, vascularization, pigmentation, and corneal edema were assessed by means of clinical scores. Blepharospasm and photofobia were noted at early stages of the post-operative period. Conjunctival congestion and ocular discharge changed significantly at day 7 of the post-operative period. Vascularization advanced axially in a constant manner in the early post-operative periods, disappearing in the late stages, only in the treated group. Corneal edema was observed in all time points in both of groups, changing significantly at day 14 of the postoperative period. At the completion of the study, keratectomized eyes were enucleated and corneas submitted to morphometrical evaluation (inflammatory cell count, collagen patches count, fibroblast count, and corneal epithelium and stromal thickness measurement) histochemistry (Alcian Blue pH 1.0 and Alcian Blue pH 2.5), digital analysis (tridimensional chromatic evaluation of the surface), and immunohistochemistry (fibronectin and tenascin labeling). During the 4 time points evaluated, inflammatory cell count was increased in the BV group. An enhanced number of collagen patches were observed in the corneas of the animals of the BV group, in the four time points evaluated, being significant in comparison to values observed in the transitional areas (P = 0.040). A higher fibroblast count was noted in the BV group at days 3, 14, 28, and 28. At day 7, however, the CO group showed higher...