A utilização da moxabustão como terapia na cicatrização por segunda intenção em cães: Relato de dois casos / The use of moxibustion as a healing therapy by secondary intention in dogs: report of two cases

A terapia com moxabustão envolve combustão de uma mistura de ervas, composta predominantemente por Artemisia vulgaris. Pode ser aplicada em diversas patologias sendo de grande utilidade para cicatrização de tecidos. O objetivo deste artigo foi abordar o uso da moxabustão em dois cães com feridas contaminadas, em que os tratamentos foram destinados a promover a cicatrização por segunda intenção. É descrito o caso de uma cadela da raça pastor-alemão com deiscência de pontos (caso 1) e o de uma cadela sem raça definida com ferida traumática por mordedura (caso 2). Nos dois casos, o tratamento com a moxabustão, modalidade da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC), foi efetivo no tratamento das feridas por segunda intenção, melhorando os aspectos de oxigenação, circulação e revitalização de tecidos. Após dois anos no caso 1, o tecido apresenta-se pigmentado e alopécico; no caso 2, a epiderme encontra-se queratinizada, uniforme e com presença de pelos, em menor dimensão há tecido pigmentado.(AU)

Moxibustion therapy involves burning a mixture of herbs, consisting predominantly of Artemisia vulgaris. It can be applied in several pathologies and is very useful for tissue healing. The aim of this article was to present the use of Moxibustion in two dogs with contaminated wounds, whose treatment aimed to achieve healing by second intention. It is presented the case of a German Shepherd dog with dehiscence of points (case 1) and one of a mixed breed dog with traumatic wound by bite (case 2). In both cases, the treatment with Moxibustion, a modality of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of wounds by secondary intention, improving aspects of oxygenation, circulation and tissue revitalization. After two years in case 1 the tissue is pigmented and alopecic; in case 2 the epidermis is keratinized, uniform and with the presence of hairs, in a smaller dimension there is pigmented tissue.(AU)

Automutilação em abutre real (Sarcoramphus papa) mantido em cativeiro / Automutilation in real vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) maintained in captivity / Automutilación en un buitre dorado (Sarcoramphus papa) mantenido en cautividad

O abutre real (Sarcoramphus papa) é um pássaro compacto de cor extraordinária, cabeça nua, possui carúnculas e papilas carnudas vermelhas e alaranjadas em torno do bico, a íris é branca com um anel orbital vermelho. Em cativeiro, o estresse é uma condição bastante observada, o que pode levar a automutilação, podendo evoluir para lesões graves na pele e músculos. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever os procedimentos adotados em um caso de automutilação em Sarcoramphus papa, mantido em cativeiro, e a importância do manejo adequado para essa espécie em cativeiro. Foi atendido em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário, um urubu-rei apresentando ferimento contaminado, com exposição óssea na asa direita. Após tratamento o animal foi encaminhado para uma reserva conservacionista para que fosse condicionada a voltar para seu habitat natural.(AU)

The real vulture is a compact bird of extraordinary color (in adult plumage). Its bare head, as the scientific name suggests, has caricatures and fleshy red papillae applied around the beak, and an iris of the eye is white with a red orbital ring. In captivity, stress is a widely observed condition, which can lead to self-mutilation, which can progress to severe skin and muscle injuries. The purpose of this report is to describe the procedures adopted in the case of automation in Sarcoramphus papa, kept in captivity and with an importance of the appropriate manual for this species in captivity. He was seen at a University Veterinary Hospital, a king vulture showed a contaminated wound, with bone exposure on the right. After treatment or animal was sent to a conservation reserve to be conditioned and return to its natural habitat.(AU)

buitre real (Sarcoramphus papa) es un ave compacta de extraordinario color, cabeza desnuda, tiene carúnculas y papilas rojas y anaranjadas alrededor del pico, el iris es blanco con un anillo orbital rojo. En cautiverio, el estrés es una condición ampliamente observada, que puede llevar a la automutilación, posiblemente evolucionando en lesiones graves de la piel y los músculos. El objetivo del presente informe es describir los procedimientos adoptados en un caso de automutilación en Sarcoramphus papa, mantenido en cautividad, y la importancia del manejo adecuado para esta especie en cautividad. Un buitre real que presentaba una lesión contaminada con exposición ósea en el ala derecha fue tratado en un Hospital Universitario Veterinario. Tras el tratamiento, el animal fue enviado a una reserva de conservación para que pudiera ser acondicionado para volver a su hábitat natural.(AU)

Utilização de hipoclorito de sódio 0, 5% no tratamento de ferida aberta em uma cadela – relato de caso / Use of 0, 5% sodium hypochlorite solution to treat cutaneous wound in dog – case report

Foi atendida em uma clínica veterinária na cidade de Maceió/AL uma cadela Poodle apresentando extensa área de ferimento cutâneo contaminado em face crânio-lateral do membro torácico direito. Procedeu-se a limpeza da lesão e instituiu-se protocolo de tratamento utilizando-se solução de hipoclorito de sódio 0,5%, através da dispersão para antissepsia e facilitação da retirada de crostas e debris necróticos. O tratamento foi conduzido durante vinte e quatro dias observando-se completa recuperação do animal. Neste trabalho discute-se a utilização do hipoclorito como método alternativo, eficiente, de baixo custo e de fácil aplicação para tratamento de feridas abertas.

A female Poodle dog showing an extensive area of a contaminated cutaneous wound on the cranio-lateral surface of the right arm was take care in a veterinary clinic on Maceio city. The injury was washed and then a clinical protocol of treatment was used with the buffering of a 0,5% Sodium Hypochlorite solution to promote antisepsis and improve the removal of necrotical debris and crusts. The treatment was conduced for twenty days and was observed the complete recover of the animal skin at the end of it. On this work the use of Hypochlorite can be considered an alternative treatment method for contaminated cutaneous wound by its efficient action, low costs and easy application.

Utilização de hipoclorito de sódio 0, 5% no tratamento de ferida aberta em uma cadela relato de caso / Use of 0, 5% sodium hypochlorite solution to treat cutaneous wound in dog case report

Foi atendida em uma clínica veterinária na cidade de Maceió/AL uma cadela Poodle apresentando extensa área de ferimento cutâneo contaminado em face crânio-lateral do membro torácico direito. Procedeu-se a limpeza da lesão e instituiu-se protocolo de tratamento utilizando-se solução de hipoclorito de sódio 0,5%, através da dispersão para antissepsia e facilitação da retirada de crostas e debris necróticos. O tratamento foi conduzido durante vinte e quatro dias observando-se completa recuperação do animal. Neste trabalho discute-se a utilização do hipoclorito como método alternativo, eficiente, de baixo custo e de fácil aplicação para tratamento de feridas abertas.(AU)

A female Poodle dog showing an extensive area of a contaminated cutaneous wound on the cranio-lateral surface of the right arm was take care in a veterinary clinic on Maceio city. The injury was washed and then a clinical protocol of treatment was used with the buffering of a 0,5% Sodium Hypochlorite solution to promote antisepsis and improve the removal of necrotical debris and crusts. The treatment was conduced for twenty days and was observed the complete recover of the animal skin at the end of it. On this work the use of Hypochlorite can be considered an alternative treatment method for contaminated cutaneous wound by its efficient action, low costs and easy application.(AU)

Antimicrobial photodinamic therapy combined with laser photobiomodulation in the treatment of skin wounds in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Laser photobiomodulation has been used in the treatment of various injuries and diseases. This promotes modulation of the inflammatory process, edema reduction and devitalized tissue regeneration. The advantages of Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy are its easy application and the absence of side effects. Other advantages are the cost of the therapy, minimal damage to animal tissue, the broad spectrum of action, and efficiency against strains resistant to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to report the clinical and their resolution in a female dog with a traumatic, infected wound treated with laser phototherapy as an alternative therapy method. Case: A 3-year-old bitch Border Collie, weighing 18 kg, from the municipality of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, waspresented for examination with a history of traumatic laceration of the left thoracic member. On the anamnesis, it was reported that the patient presented with laceration of the left thoracic member. The wound was cleaned and an antibiotic [30 mg/kg of 12/12 h] and anti-inflammatory [0.1 mg/kg every 24 h were prescribed, both for 5 days]. Twenty-four h after the surgical procedure, there was dehiscence of the sutures, with daily topical therapy based on zinc oxide for secondary intention healing. Upon physical examination, the wound was found to be contaminated with swollen and erythematous edges, an ulcerated area with devitalized tissue, serous exudate, and 8.8 cm2 of wounded area. Given the macroscopic characteristics of the lesion, phototherapy was associated with conventional therapy until complete healing of the wound, with three weekly applications at 48 h intervals. Initially, the wound was cleaned with saline solution at 0.9% and a single treatment with aPDT was scheduled due to the high degree of contamination. The dosimetry parameters of irradiation were calculated according to the wounded area with a diode laser of 0.1W of power, continuous emission, spot area of 0.028 cm2, and energy of 9 J per application point. A gauze imbibed with 1 mL of methylene blue aqueous solution (300 µM), which was the photosensitizer was applied to the lesion, with a pre-irradiation time of 5 min, after which it was irradiated with red laser (RL) (λ = 660nm) for 90 s per point, using the sweeping technique. The edge of the lesion was irradiated with infrared laser (IRL) (λ = 808 nm), total energy of 5 J, using the technique of specific points and 1 J of energy/point. After aPDT, low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) sessions were set up with RL and IRL, with energies of 0.5 J/point and 1 J/point, respectively. The wound was cleaned daily, protected with a bandage, and clinically evaluated until complete regression. Discussion: In the present case, methylene blue was used as a photosensitizer, but it is noteworthy that, apparently, each microorganism responds differently to photosensitizers. Thus, the therapy becomes specific for each application, for example: the type of photosensitizer, its concentration, pre-irradiation time, type of light used in photosensitization, wavelength, energy, power, mode delivery of light. Thus, for the best result, the specific protocol in each application should be used Low-intensity laser therapy is an easily executed technique with effective results. The use of PDT associated with photobiomodulation therapy enabled rapid healing of the cutaneous wound, in addition to an improvement in clinical signs and pain caused by the lesion. The technique proved to be an efficient alternative in the treatment of wounds, whether used in isolation or associated with conventional therapy.

Automutilação em abutre real (Sarcoramphus papa) mantido em cativeiro / Self-mutilation in king vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) kept in captivity / Automutilación en buitre real (Sarcoramphus papa) mantenido en cautiverio

O abutre real (Sarcoramphus papa) é um pássaro compacto de cor extraordinária, cabeça nua, possui carúnculas e papilas carnudas vermelhas e alaranjadas em torno do bico, a íris é branca com um anel orbital vermelho. Em cativeiro, o estresse é uma condição bastante observada, o que pode levar a automutilação, podendo evoluir para lesões graves na pele e músculos. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever os procedimentos adotados em um caso de automutilação em Sarcoramphus papa, mantido em cativeiro, e a importância do manejo adequado para essa espécie em cativeiro. Foi atendido em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário, um urubu-rei apresentando ferimento contaminado, com exposição óssea na asa direita. Após tratamento o animal foi encaminhado para uma reserva conservacionista para que fosse condicionada a voltar para seu habitat natural.(AU)

The king vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) is a large bird with extraordinary color, bold head, presenting red and orange fleshy papules and papillae around its beak, with white iris and a red orbital ring. In captivity, stress is a condition that is widely observed, which can lead to self-mutilation. Such mutilation, in turn, can progress to severe skin and muscle injuries. The purpose of this report is to describe the procedures adopted in a case of self-mutilation in Sarcoramphus papa, kept in captivity, and the importance of proper management for this species in captivity. The king vulture presenting a contaminated wound with bone exposure on the right wing was treated at a University Veterinary Hospital. After treatment, the bird was sent to a conservation reserve to be conditioned to return to its natural habitat.(AU)

El buitre real (Sarcoramphus papa) es un ave compacta de extraordinario color, cabeza descubierta, tiene carúnculas y papilas carnosas rojas y anaranjadas alrededor del pico, el iris es blanco con un anillo orbital rojo. En cautiverio, el estrés es una condición ampliamente observada, que puede conducir a la automutilación, pudiendo progresar lesiones graves en la piel y músculos. El propósito de este informe es describir los procedimientos adoptados en un caso de automutilación en Sarcoramphus papa, mantenida en cautiverio, y la importancia del manejo adecuado de esta especie en cautiverio. Se atendió en un Hospital Veterinario Universitario, un buitre real presentando una herida contaminada, con exposición ósea en el ala derecha. Luego después del tratamiento, se envió el animal a una reserva de conservación para que fuera condicionado a volver a su hábitat natural.(AU)

Automutilação em abutre real (Sarcoramphus papa) mantido em cativeiro / Self-mutilation in king vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) kept in captivity / Automutilación en buitre real (Sarcoramphus papa) mantenido en cautiverio

O abutre real (Sarcoramphus papa) é um pássaro compacto de cor extraordinária, cabeça nua, possui carúnculas e papilas carnudas vermelhas e alaranjadas em torno do bico, a íris é branca com um anel orbital vermelho. Em cativeiro, o estresse é uma condição bastante observada, o que pode levar a automutilação, podendo evoluir para lesões graves na pele e músculos. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever os procedimentos adotados em um caso de automutilação em Sarcoramphus papa, mantido em cativeiro, e a importância do manejo adequado para essa espécie em cativeiro. Foi atendido em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário, um urubu-rei apresentando ferimento contaminado, com exposição óssea na asa direita. Após tratamento o animal foi encaminhado para uma reserva conservacionista para que fosse condicionada a voltar para seu habitat natural.(AU)

The king vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) is a large bird with extraordinary color, bold head, presenting red and orange fleshy papules and papillae around its beak, with white iris and a red orbital ring. In captivity, stress is a condition that is widely observed, which can lead to self-mutilation. Such mutilation, in turn, can progress to severe skin and muscle injuries. The purpose of this report is to describe the procedures adopted in a case of self-mutilation in Sarcoramphus papa, kept in captivity, and the importance of proper management for this species in captivity. The king vulture presenting a contaminated wound with bone exposure on the right wing was treated at a University Veterinary Hospital. After treatment, the bird was sent to a conservation reserve to be conditioned to return to its natural habitat.(AU)

El buitre real (Sarcoramphus papa) es un ave compacta de extraordinario color, cabeza descubierta, tiene carúnculas y papilas carnosas rojas y anaranjadas alrededor del pico, el iris es blanco con un anillo orbital rojo. En cautiverio, el estrés es una condición ampliamente observada, que puede conducir a la automutilación, pudiendo progresar lesiones graves en la piel y músculos. El propósito de este informe es describir los procedimientos adoptados en un caso de automutilación en Sarcoramphus papa, mantenida en cautiverio, y la importancia del manejo adecuado de esta especie en cautiverio. Se atendió en un Hospital Veterinario Universitario, un buitre real presentando una herida contaminada, con exposición ósea en el ala derecha. Luego después del tratamiento, se envió el animal a una reserva de conservación para que fuera condicionado a volver a su hábitat natural.(AU)

Automutilação em abutre real (Sarcoramphus papa) mantido em cativeiro / Self-mutilation in king vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) kept in captivity / Automutilación en buitre real (Sarcoramphus papa) mantenido en cautiverio

O abutre real (Sarcoramphus papa) é um pássaro compacto de cor extraordinária, cabeça nua, possui carúnculas e papilas carnudas vermelhas e alaranjadas em torno do bico, a íris é branca com um anel orbital vermelho. Em cativeiro, o estresse é uma condição bastante observada, o que pode levar a automutilação, podendo evoluir para lesões graves na pele e músculos. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever os procedimentos adotados em um caso de automutilação em Sarcoramphus papa, mantido em cativeiro, e a importância do manejo adequado para essa espécie em cativeiro. Foi atendido em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário, um urubu-rei apresentando ferimento contaminado, com exposição óssea na asa direita. Após tratamento o animal foi encaminhado para uma reserva conservacionista para que fosse condicionada a voltar para seu habitat natural.(AU)

The king vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) is a large bird with extraordinary color, bold head, presenting red and orange fleshy papules and papillae around its beak, with white iris and a red orbital ring. In captivity, stress is a condition that is widely observed, which can lead to self-mutilation. Such mutilation, in turn, can progress to severe skin and muscle injuries. The purpose of this report is to describe the procedures adopted in a case of self-mutilation in Sarcoramphus papa, kept in captivity, and the importance of proper management for this species in captivity. The king vulture presenting a contaminated wound with bone exposure on the right wing was treated at a University Veterinary Hospital. After treatment, the bird was sent to a conservation reserve to be conditioned to return to its natural habitat.(AU)

El buitre real (Sarcoramphus papa) es un ave compacta de extraordinario color, cabeza descubierta, tiene carúnculas y papilas carnosas rojas y anaranjadas alrededor del pico, el iris es blanco con un anillo orbital rojo. En cautiverio, el estrés es una condición ampliamente observada, que puede conducir a la automutilación, pudiendo progresar lesiones graves en la piel y músculos. El propósito de este informe es describir los procedimientos adoptados en un caso de automutilación en Sarcoramphus papa, mantenida en cautiverio, y la importancia del manejo adecuado de esta especie en cautiverio. Se atendió en un Hospital Veterinario Universitario, un buitre real presentando una herida contaminada, con exposición ósea en el ala derecha. Luego después del tratamiento, se envió el animal a una reserva de conservación para que fuera condicionado a volver a su hábitat natural.(AU)

Utilização da pele de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) como xenoenxerto em um equino com ferimento traumático / Treatment of a traumatic equine wound using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as a xenograft

Background: Wounds are disruptions of the normal continuity of anatomic structures, generally due to local trauma. Theyare extremely prevalent in animals, especially horses, and a common reason for seeking veterinary attention. Their management aims to restore the function and integrity of the affected area in the shortest possible time and cost, while providingsatisfactory cosmetic results. This task becomes challenging when working with horses, considering the contact betweenwounds and contaminated environment is common. Thus, the present study aims to report the case of a traumatic equinewound treated with Nile Tilapia Fish Skin (NTFS).Case: A male 27-year-old horse previously castrated, with no defined breed (NDB), and weighing 400 kg presented a 6.0 x5.5 cm superficial wound in the distal left anterior limb (LAL) due to skin laceration. The animal belonged to the cavalry ofthe Military Police of Ceará, a public institution in Fortaleza, Brazil. Although in excellent general health, with no previouscomorbidities or restriction of movement, the animal was removed from its role in equine-assisted therapy (EAT) until completewound healing, aiming adequate evaluation of the novel biomaterial via lower influence of external factors. After informedconsent from the owner was obtained, Nile Tilapia Fish Skin was applied to the lesion. The Ethics Committee on the use ofanimals of the Drug Research and Development Center of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil, approved the studyprotocol. Compliance with regulations on the ethical treatment of animals was performed. Nile Tilapia Fish Skin applicationfollowed a protocol similar to that established in human clinical studies. Initially, the horse was submitted to wound cleaningwith tap water and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, with no requirement of pre-treatment surgical...

Utilização da pele de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) como xenoenxerto em um equino com ferimento traumático / Treatment of a traumatic equine wound using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as a xenograft

Background: Wounds are disruptions of the normal continuity of anatomic structures, generally due to local trauma. Theyare extremely prevalent in animals, especially horses, and a common reason for seeking veterinary attention. Their management aims to restore the function and integrity of the affected area in the shortest possible time and cost, while providingsatisfactory cosmetic results. This task becomes challenging when working with horses, considering the contact betweenwounds and contaminated environment is common. Thus, the present study aims to report the case of a traumatic equinewound treated with Nile Tilapia Fish Skin (NTFS).Case: A male 27-year-old horse previously castrated, with no defined breed (NDB), and weighing 400 kg presented a 6.0 x5.5 cm superficial wound in the distal left anterior limb (LAL) due to skin laceration. The animal belonged to the cavalry ofthe Military Police of Ceará, a public institution in Fortaleza, Brazil. Although in excellent general health, with no previouscomorbidities or restriction of movement, the animal was removed from its role in equine-assisted therapy (EAT) until completewound healing, aiming adequate evaluation of the novel biomaterial via lower influence of external factors. After informedconsent from the owner was obtained, Nile Tilapia Fish Skin was applied to the lesion. The Ethics Committee on the use ofanimals of the Drug Research and Development Center of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil, approved the studyprotocol. Compliance with regulations on the ethical treatment of animals was performed. Nile Tilapia Fish Skin applicationfollowed a protocol similar to that established in human clinical studies. Initially, the horse was submitted to wound cleaningwith tap water and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, with no requirement of pre-treatment surgical...(AU)

Efeito antisséptico e cicatrizante de formulação de uso tópico favorece reparação tecidual de feridas cutâneas em cães e gatos / Antisseptic and healing effect of topical formulation favors tissue wound repair in dogs and cats

Existem várias formas tópicas de auxiliar a reparação de lesões cutâneas visando a acelerar o processo complexo de epitelização, prevenindo infecções e minimizando o tempo de fechamento da ferida, uma vez que fatores tópicos e sistêmicos podem influenciar na cicatrização. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a evolução da reparação tecidual de quarenta e cinco pacientes, entre eles cães e gatos, apresentando lesões cutâneas justificáveis com o tratamento por segunda intenção, independente da região corpórea, utilizando-se pomada à base da associação de sulfanilamida, óleo de fígado de bacalhau, óxido de zinco e cânfora. A pomada de efeito antisséptico e cicatrizante mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento de feridas extensas por segunda intenção e contaminadas, apresentando boa evolução cicatricial e fácil aplicação, com tempo médio de evolução de trinta dias para atingir resultados satisfatórios para a reparação tecidual.

There are several topical strategies to repair of cutaneous lesions in order to accelerate the complex of epithelialisation process, preventing infections and minimizing wound closure time, since topical and systemic factors can influence wound healing. The present study aimed to evaluate the evolution of tissue repair of forty-five patients, including dogsand cats, with justifiable cutaneous lesions with second intention treatment, independent of the body region, using ointment based on the association of sulfanilamide, cod liver oil, zinc oxide and camphor. The antiseptic and healing ointment was effective in the treatment of extensive wounds by second intention and contaminated, presenting good healing evolution and easy application, with an average evolution time of thirty days to reach satisfactory results fortissue repair.

Efeito antisséptico e cicatrizante de formulação de uso tópico favorece reparação tecidual de feridas cutâneas em cães e gatos / Antisseptic and healing effect of topical formulation favors tissue wound repair in dogs and cats

Existem várias formas tópicas de auxiliar a reparação de lesões cutâneas visando a acelerar o processo complexo de epitelização, prevenindo infecções e minimizando o tempo de fechamento da ferida, uma vez que fatores tópicos e sistêmicos podem influenciar na cicatrização. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a evolução da reparação tecidual de quarenta e cinco pacientes, entre eles cães e gatos, apresentando lesões cutâneas justificáveis com o tratamento por segunda intenção, independente da região corpórea, utilizando-se pomada à base da associação de sulfanilamida, óleo de fígado de bacalhau, óxido de zinco e cânfora. A pomada de efeito antisséptico e cicatrizante mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento de feridas extensas por segunda intenção e contaminadas, apresentando boa evolução cicatricial e fácil aplicação, com tempo médio de evolução de trinta dias para atingir resultados satisfatórios para a reparação tecidual.(AU)

There are several topical strategies to repair of cutaneous lesions in order to accelerate the complex of epithelialisation process, preventing infections and minimizing wound closure time, since topical and systemic factors can influence wound healing. The present study aimed to evaluate the evolution of tissue repair of forty-five patients, including dogsand cats, with justifiable cutaneous lesions with second intention treatment, independent of the body region, using ointment based on the association of sulfanilamide, cod liver oil, zinc oxide and camphor. The antiseptic and healing ointment was effective in the treatment of extensive wounds by second intention and contaminated, presenting good healing evolution and easy application, with an average evolution time of thirty days to reach satisfactory results fortissue repair.(AU)

Deep tissue culture and hemoculture in dogs with wounds and sepsis / Cultura de tecido profundo e hemocultura em cães com feridas e sepse

Contaminated and infected wounds occur very frequently in veterinary medicine and can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and death. This study aimed to test the feasibility of collecting wound material by deep-tissue or punch biopsy for microbial culture, determine the frequency of bacteria in the wound(s) and blood cultures and the susceptibility of these microbes to antimicrobials, and evaluate clinical parameters that could be related to prognosis. Thirty dogs with wounds and signs of SIRS/sepsis were included in this study. Bacteria were isolated from all wounds and 41 bacterial isolates could be identified based on culture of the materials collected by punch biopsy; 53.66% of the isolates were gram-negative, mainly involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus spp., and 46.34% were gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. The survival rate was 66.67%. Based on blood culture analysis, we identified bacteremia in seven patients, predominantly of gram-negative bacteria, which negatively affected patient survival, as six dogs died. Hypoglycemia (≤60mg/dL) and severe hyperglycemia (≥180mg/dL) also negatively affected survival as 23.33% of the hypo/hyperglycemic dogs died. Factors such as blood lactate level at admission and hematocrit levels, and mean arterial pressure were not significantly correlated with death or survival of the dogs.(AU)

As feridas contaminadas e infectadas em cães ocorrem com grande frequência na medicina veterinária e podem causar síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, sepse e morte. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram verificar a viabilidade da técnica de coleta de material da ferida por biópsia para realização de cultura microbiana, determinar a frequência das bactérias nas culturas das feridas e hemoculturas e a susceptibilidade destes agentes aos antimicrobianos, bem como avaliar parâmetros clínicos que pudessem ser relacionados ao prognóstico em 30 cães com feridas e sinais de SIRS/sepse. Foram isoladas bactérias de todas as feridas e a técnica de coleta de material para cultura por biópsia permitiu a obtenção de 41 agentes microbianos, sendo isoladas 53,66% bactérias Gram negativas e 46,34% Gram positivas, principalmente Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Enterococcus spp. As bactérias gram positivas isoladas foram Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. e Staphylococcus spp. A taxa de sobrevivência foi 66,67%. Na hemocultura constatou-se bacteremia em sete pacientes, com predominância de bactérias Gram negativas, o que influenciou negativamente na sobrevivência dos pacientes, pois seis cães vieram a óbito. A hipoglicemia (≤60mg/dL) ou hiperglicemia severa (≥180mg/dL), também influenciaram negativamente a sobrevivência, pois 23,33% dos pacientes hipo/hiperglicêmicos vieram a óbito. Já fatores como nível sérico de lactato na admissão do paciente, pressão arterial média (PAM) e hematócrito não apresentaram correlação estatística com o óbito ou sobrevivência destes pacientes.(AU)

Deep tissue culture and hemoculture in dogs with wounds and sepsis / Cultura de tecido profundo e hemocultura em cães com feridas e sepse

Contaminated and infected wounds occur very frequently in veterinary medicine and can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and death. This study aimed to test the feasibility of collecting wound material by deep-tissue or punch biopsy for microbial culture, determine the frequency of bacteria in the wound(s) and blood cultures and the susceptibility of these microbes to antimicrobials, and evaluate clinical parameters that could be related to prognosis. Thirty dogs with wounds and signs of SIRS/sepsis were included in this study. Bacteria were isolated from all wounds and 41 bacterial isolates could be identified based on culture of the materials collected by punch biopsy; 53.66% of the isolates were gram-negative, mainly involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus spp., and 46.34% were gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. The survival rate was 66.67%. Based on blood culture analysis, we identified bacteremia in seven patients, predominantly of gram-negative bacteria, which negatively affected patient survival, as six dogs died. Hypoglycemia (≤60mg/dL) and severe hyperglycemia (≥180mg/dL) also negatively affected survival as 23.33% of the hypo/hyperglycemic dogs died. Factors such as blood lactate level at admission and hematocrit levels, and mean arterial pressure were not significantly correlated with death or survival of the dogs.(AU)

As feridas contaminadas e infectadas em cães ocorrem com grande frequência na medicina veterinária e podem causar síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, sepse e morte. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram verificar a viabilidade da técnica de coleta de material da ferida por biópsia para realização de cultura microbiana, determinar a frequência das bactérias nas culturas das feridas e hemoculturas e a susceptibilidade destes agentes aos antimicrobianos, bem como avaliar parâmetros clínicos que pudessem ser relacionados ao prognóstico em 30 cães com feridas e sinais de SIRS/sepse. Foram isoladas bactérias de todas as feridas e a técnica de coleta de material para cultura por biópsia permitiu a obtenção de 41 agentes microbianos, sendo isoladas 53,66% bactérias Gram negativas e 46,34% Gram positivas, principalmente Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Enterococcus spp. As bactérias gram positivas isoladas foram Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. e Staphylococcus spp. A taxa de sobrevivência foi 66,67%. Na hemocultura constatou-se bacteremia em sete pacientes, com predominância de bactérias Gram negativas, o que influenciou negativamente na sobrevivência dos pacientes, pois seis cães vieram a óbito. A hipoglicemia (≤60mg/dL) ou hiperglicemia severa (≥180mg/dL), também influenciaram negativamente a sobrevivência, pois 23,33% dos pacientes hipo/hiperglicêmicos vieram a óbito. Já fatores como nível sérico de lactato na admissão do paciente, pressão arterial média (PAM) e hematócrito não apresentaram correlação estatística com o óbito ou sobrevivência destes pacientes.(AU)

The effects of photobiomodulation therapy on Staphylococcus aureus infected surgical wounds in diabetic rats. A microbiological, histopathological, and biomechanical study

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at 685 nm on diabetic wound healing in rats suffering from bacterial infection induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).METHODS:Thirty streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were allocated into two groups: control and PBMT. A 4-cm full-thickness linear-incision was made on the dorsal midline and was contaminated with S. aureus. The wounds in the PBMT group were irradiated daily for 5 consecutive days, starting 3 days after the induction and always in the mornings.RESULTS:The result revealed that PBMT resulted in a significant decrease in S. aureus CFU in the PBMT group in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). The length of wounds, in the 2nd and 3rd weeks, in the PBMT group were significantly shorter compared to the control group (P<0.05). PBMT caused a significant increase in the histological parameters in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, PBMT significantly increased the breaking strength of the surgical scars produced in the skin of the PBMT group when compared to the control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Photobiomodulation therapy may be useful in the management of wound infection through a significant bacterial growth inhibition and an acceleration of wound healing process.(AU)

The effects of low level laser therapy on Staphylococcus aureus infected third-degree burns in diabetic rats

PURPOSE:To characterize the effects of low-level laser (LLL) on third-degreeburn wounds which were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in diabetic rats.METHODS:Thirty streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were divided into two groups: the control and the LLL groups. Third-degree burns were induced using a heated metal rod, and then, were contaminated with S. aureus. The wounds in the LLL group were irradiated with a LLL (685nm) daily for five consecutive days, starting three days after the induction. The wound area was measured at 3, 5, 8, 14 and 21 days after burning. At the end of trial, the skin samples were harvested.RESULTS:Reduction in wound areas in the LLL and control groups were significantly different only on the 21st day (p<0.05). The mean bacterial numbers in the LLL group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in the control group.The number of macrophages, new blood vessels, fibroblast, and elevated collagen deposition in the LLL group significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.05).The mean breaking strength of scars in the control group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the LLL group.CONCLUSION:The low-level laser improved the healing of S. aureus third-degree burn infections in diabetic rats.(AU)

External skeletal fixator intramedullary pin "tie-in" for the repair of comminuted tibial fracture in a Brazilian fox (Pseudalopex vetulus)

Background: The Brazilian fox (Pseudalopex vetulus, Lund 1842) is a naturally endemic specie of the Brazilian savanna vegetation. Due to the rapid destruction of its habitat, the specie is considered vulnerable and subject to different kinds of trauma that usually results in fractures and dislocations. Among the methods of fractures fixation, highlights the external skeletal fixator intramedullary pin tie-in which consists of the intramedullary pin associated to the external fixator. The aim of the present report was to describe the case of a Brazilian fox with a comminuted tibial fracture, submitted to osteosynthesis using an external skeletal fixator intramedullary pin tie-in. Case: It was attended an exemplar of Pseudalopex vetulus, male, young adult, with 3.9 kg body weight and history of functional impotence of the left hindlimb. At the physical and orthopedic evaluations were observed loss of bone continuity and crepitus in tibial region, and the presence of a contaminated lacerating skin wound about 3 cm in diameter in the lateral side of the injured limb. Craniocaudal and mediolateral radiographic projections of the left hindlimb revealed the presence of a complete comminuted fracture at the proximal and distal shaft of the left tibia; and a complete transverse fracture at mid shaft of the left fibula. Due to this, the animal was submitted to fracture fixation [...]

External skeletal fixator intramedullary pin "tie-in" for the repair of comminuted tibial fracture in a Brazilian fox (Pseudalopex vetulus)

Background: The Brazilian fox (Pseudalopex vetulus, Lund 1842) is a naturally endemic specie of the Brazilian savanna vegetation. Due to the rapid destruction of its habitat, the specie is considered vulnerable and subject to different kinds of trauma that usually results in fractures and dislocations. Among the methods of fractures fixation, highlights the external skeletal fixator intramedullary pin tie-in which consists of the intramedullary pin associated to the external fixator. The aim of the present report was to describe the case of a Brazilian fox with a comminuted tibial fracture, submitted to osteosynthesis using an external skeletal fixator intramedullary pin tie-in. Case: It was attended an exemplar of Pseudalopex vetulus, male, young adult, with 3.9 kg body weight and history of functional impotence of the left hindlimb. At the physical and orthopedic evaluations were observed loss of bone continuity and crepitus in tibial region, and the presence of a contaminated lacerating skin wound about 3 cm in diameter in the lateral side of the injured limb. Craniocaudal and mediolateral radiographic projections of the left hindlimb revealed the presence of a complete comminuted fracture at the proximal and distal shaft of the left tibia; and a complete transverse fracture at mid shaft of the left fibula. Due to this, the animal was submitted to fracture fixation [...](AU)

EFEITO BACTERICIDA DE DIFERENTES SOLUÇÕES PARA Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis EM ESTADO SÉSSIL E PLANCTÔNICO UM ESTUDO IN VITRO

Infecções dos sítios cirúrgicos são comuns, mesmo em pacientes utilizando antibioticoterapia profilática. As infecções do sítio cirúrgico são um dos principais contribuintes para a morbidade e mortalidade nos cuidados pós-operatórios. Os biofilmes são um grupo complexo de células microbianas que aderem a matriz de exopolissacarídeos presente na superfície de dispositivos médicos. As infecções associadas ao biofilme nos dispositivos médicos representam um grave problema para a saúde pública e afetam a função do dispositivo. A infecção no implante mamário de silicone ocorre em 7 a 24% das reconstruções mamárias. Estas infecções ocasionam morbidade e possível diminuição de qualidade de vida para os pacientes, além de altos custos com seu tratamento. Os anestésicos locais são utilizados comumente como agente para analgesia pós-operatória e tem um baixo custo, porém sua ação como agente microbicida ainda é controversa. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito bactericida de diferentes soluções para Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis associadas infecção de feridas cirúrgicas e próteses de silicone in vitro. Material e métodos: Para este estudo, foram avaliados os seguintes microrganismos: S. aureus e S. epidermidis. Foi realizada análise com suspensões em solução salina estéril com os microrganismos. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas: primeiro o teste de difusão em ágar e posterirormente a análise das próteses de silicone. Na primeira etapa, para o teste de difusão em ágar (avaliação das bactérias em estado planctônico), as suspensões com os microrganismos foram inoculadas com auxílio de swab estéril na superfície do ágar sangue. Na sequência, foram confeccionados orifícios equidistantes medindo 3mm de diâmetro e 3mm de profundidade no ágar sangue. Um orifício foi preenchido apenas com 1 gota da solução salina, outro com 1 gota da solução de com antisséptico, outro com 1 gota de Lidocaína pura, outro com 1 gota de solução de Lidocaína e outro com 1 gota da solução com antibiótico. Na segunda etapa, foram utilizadas 36 próteses de silicones (avaliação das bactérias em estado séssil), as quais foram divididos em 3 grupos: próteses contaminadas pelas bactérias e que não receberam tratamento; próteses contaminadas pelas bactérias que receberam tratamento antes da contaminação; e próteses contaminadas pelas bactérias que receberam tratamento após a contaminação. Os tratamentos foram realizados com clorexidina, solução de lidocaína, lidocaína pura e com solução de antibióticos (cefazolina e gentamicina). A incubação foi de 1 semana. As próteses foram semeadas por rolamento em meio de cultura ágar sangue, o qual foi incubado por 48 horas e avaliada a área com formação de colônias através de programa de análise de imagem. Resultados: As placas testadas com solução de lidocaína e a lidocaína pura não apresentaram halo de inibição. A solução de antibióticos apresentou os maiores halos de inibição em todas as bactérias testadas. Na pré-lavagem, não houve crescimento de S. epidermidis com solução de antibióticos. Na lavagem pós-contaminação, não houve crescimento de nenhuma das bactérias com a solução de antibióticos. Na lavagem pós-contaminação, houve diminuição da densidade de colonização com a clorexidina e ausência de crescimento de S. aureus com lidocaína pura e solução de lidocaína. Conclusão: A solução de antibióticos se mostrou uma boa alternativa para o controle, principalmente S. epidermidis, na lavagem pré e pós-contaminação nas próteses de silicone. A lidocaína (pura ou em solução) embora não tenham inibido o crescimento bacteriano nas placas com meio de cultura, foi capaz de diminuir a colonização por S. aureus na lavagem pós-contaminação, mostrando que pode ser utilizada como tratamento adjuvante nestes casos.

Surgical site infections are common, even in patients using prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Surgical site infections are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in postoperative care. Biofilms are a complex group of microbial cells that adhere to the exopolysaccharide matrix present on the surface of medical devices. Infections associated with biofilm in medical devices pose a serious public health problem and affect the function of the device. Infection in the silicone breast implant occurs in 7 to 24% of breast reconstructions. These infections cause morbidity and possible decrease in quality of life for patients, in addition to high costs with their treatment. Local anesthetics are commonly used as an agent for postoperative analgesia and have a low cost, but their action as a microbicidal agent is still controversial. Objective: To evaluate the bactericidal effect of different solutions for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with surgical wound infection and silicone prostheses in vitro. Material and methods: For this study, the following microrganisms were evaluated: S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Analysis was carried out with suspensions in sterile saline solution with the microrganisms. The study was carried out in two stages: first the agar diffusion test and then the analysis of silicone prostheses. In the first stage, for the agar diffusion test (evaluation of bacteria in planktonic state), the suspensions with the microrganisms were inoculated with the aid of a sterile swab on the surface of the blood agar. Then, equidistant holes were made measuring 3mm in diameter and 3 mm deep in the blood agar. One orifice was filled with 1 drop of saline only, another with 1 drop of antiseptic solution, another with 1 drop of pure Lidocaine, another with 1 drop of Lidocaine solution and another with 1 drop of the antibiotic solution. In the second stage, 36 silicone prostheses (assessment of bacteria in sessile state) were used, which were divided into 3 groups: prostheses contaminated by the bacteria and which did not receive treatment; prostheses contaminated by bacteria and which received treatment before contamination; and prostheses contaminated by bacteria and which received treatment after contamination. Treatments were performed with chlorhexidine, lidocaine solution, pure lidocaine and antibiotics solution (cefazolin and gentamicin). The incubation was 1 week. The prostheses were sown by rolling in a blood agar culture medium, which was incubated for 48 hours and the area with colony formation was evaluated using an image analysis program. Results: The plates tested with lidocaine solution and pure lidocaine did not present an inhibition halo. The antibiotic solution showed the greatest inhibition halos in all the tested bacteria. In the prewash, there was no growth of S. epidermidis with antibiotic solution. In the post-contamination wash, none of the bacteria grew with the antibiotic solution. In post-contamination washing, there was a decrease in the density of colonization with chlorhexidine and absence of growth of S. aureus with pure lidocaine and lidocaine solution. Conclusion: The antibiotic solution proved to be a good alternative for the control, mainly S. epidermidis, in the pre and post-contamination washing in silicone prostheses. Lidocaine (pure or in solution) although it did not inhibit bacterial growth on plates with culture medium, was able to decrease colonization by S. aureus in post-contamination washing, showing that it can be used as an adjuvant treatment in these cases.

PERFIL DE RESISTÊNCIA AOS ANTIMICROBIANOS DE COCOS GRAM-POSITIVOS E BACILOS GRAM-NEGATIVOS ISOLADOS DO AMBIENTE E SÍTIO CIRÚRGICO SUPERFICIAL DE CÃES

As infecções causadas por organismos resistentes a múltiplos fármacos (multi-drug resistance MDR) estão associadas à maior morbidade, mortalidade e aumento significativos nos custos com cuidados da saúde. Cocos Gram-positivos e bastonetes Gram-negativos são os grupos de bactérias mais frequentemente relacionadas a infecção do sítio cirúrgico em cães. Dentro do contexto de saúde única, é imperativo o aprimoramento contínuo de métodos de avaliação de contaminação e infecção bacteriana no ambiente hospitalar veterinário. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil de resistência de cocos Gram-positivos e bastonetes Gram-negativos isolados nas mãos do cirurgião, antes e após a desinquinação, no ambiente e sítio cirúrgico, durante o transoperatório de cirurgias limpas/limpas-contaminadas (G1;n=20) e cirurgias contaminadas (G2;n=10). Das 150 amostras coletadas, as do ambiente (n=30) foram obtidas pela exposição de placa com ágar Brain Heart Infusion na sala cirúrgica durante o procedimento, enquanto as do sítio cirúrgico (n=60) e as das mãos do cirurgião (n=60) foram coletadas por cotonete estéril e semeadas em ágar sangue e MacConkey. Todas as placas foram incubadas a 37ºC por 24h em estufa bacteriológica sob condições anaeróbias. Colônias sugestivas de cocos Gram-positivos e bastonetes Gram-negativos foram submetidas a testes bioquímicos para identificação dos gêneros. Por fim, foi realizado o teste de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos por disco difusão em ágar Müller-Hinton. Foram obtidos 43 isolados com características morfológicas e bioquímicas de Staphylococcus spp. e 13 de bastonetes Gram-negativos. No G1 foram isoladas cepas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativa (SCoN) (18/21), Staphylococcus spp. coagulase positiva (SCoP) (2/21) e Pseudomonas spp. (1/21), e no G2 foram isolados SCoN (14/35), SCoP (7/35), Proteus spp. (6/35), E. coli (3/35), Pseudomonas spp. (1/35) e Salmonella spp. (1/35). A proporção de resistência a antimicrobianos das bactérias isoladas variou de 27 a 100%, e a prevalência de MDR foi de 88% em SCoN, 100% em SCoP e 77% em bastonetes Gram-negativos. Dois pacientes do G2 apresentaram infecção do sítio cirúrgico superficial pós-operatório, sendo isoladas cepas de SCoP resistente à meticilina, quinolonas e MDR, Proteus spp. resistente à enrofloxacina e MDR, e Pseudomonas spp. resistente à enrofloxacina. O alto índice de resistência de bactérias comensais encontradas na pele de cães no nosso estudo é alarmante. SCoN são patógenos comunitários relacionadas a infecções hospitalares em hospitais humanos e veterinários, sua presença em pacientes hígidos e em profissionais veterinários representam importante fonte de infecção no contexto de saúde única. Vigilância contínua e aplicação de programas de gestão de antimicrobianos são essenciais na luta contra essa ameaça.

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and health care spending. Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli are bacterial species frenquently related with surgical site infections in dogs. In the context of one health, become necessary the continuous improvement of evaluation methods of bacterial infection and contamination in the veterinary hospital environment. The present project aims to evaluate the antimicrobial profile of Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli isolated of the surgical site and room during the intraoperative period and of the surgeons hands, before and after antisepsis. All samples were obtained during intraoperative of clean/clean-contaminated (G1) and contaminated surgery (G2). A total of 153 samples were collected, of which the environmental samples were obtained by exposure of Brain Heart Infusion agar plate in the surgical room during the procedure and samples from the surgical site and surgeons hands were collected by swabs and seeded on blood and Macconkey agar. The plates were incubated at 37ºC for 24h. Suggestive bacterial colonies for Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli were submitted to biochemical test for genus differentiation. Finally, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Forty-three isolates with morphological and biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. and 13 of Gram-negative bacilli were obtained. Were isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (18/21), coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) (2/21) and Pseudomonas spp. (1/21) in G1, and CoNS (14/35), CoPS (7/35), Proteus spp. (6/35), E. coli (3/35), Pseudomonas spp. (1/35) and Salmonella spp. (1/35) in G2. Multiple drug resistance rate was 88% in CoNS, 100% in CoPS and 77% in Gram-negative bacilli. The high rate of resistance of commensal bacteria found on the skin of dogs in our study is worrying. SCoN are community pathogens related to nosocomial infections in human and veterinary hospitals, their presence in healthy patients and in veterinary professionals represent an important source of infection in the one health context. Continuous surveillance and application of antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential in the fight against this threat.