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Purpose: To evaluate the association of collagen gel with F18 bioactive glass (BG) in the healing of non-contaminated cutaneous wounds induced in healthy Wistar rats. Methods: One hundred twelve adult and healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 28): saline solution (0.9%); healing ointment based on allantoin and zinc oxide; collagen gel; and association of F18 BG powder and collagen gel. All the rats underwent the creation of a 3-cm diameter wound in their dorsal region. Macroscopic, thermographic, and tensiometric evaluations of the wound were performed. Results: The presence of granulation tissue varied significantly in and between the groups. The surface temperature assessed through thermography of wounds treated with saline solution (0.9%) increased significantly over time and between the groups. No difference was identified regarding tensiometry. Conclusions: Collagen gel associated with F18 BG induced beneficial healing effects on non-contaminated cutaneous wounds in Wistar rats, which included the induction of increased blood perfusion as assessed through thermography.

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Purpose: The surgical glue is widely used in closing cutaneous surgical wounds. Corticosteroids are indicated for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The present work evaluated the pharmacological effects of triamcinolone (AT) incorporated into surgical glue (C) on the initial phase of the wound healing process in Wistar rats. Methods: Through in-vivo studies, the effects of the healing process, C or C+AT in the same rat were evaluated for seven and 14 days post-surgery. Results: The C+AT association did not change the physicochemical properties of the polymer. This association in wound healing confirmed the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of the corticosteroid, with less neovascularization and fibrosis, in addition to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix carried out by the balance of myofibroblasts and less dense collagen fibers, culminating in tissue regeneration and possible reduction of side effects. Conclusion: This association is a powerful and innovative pharmacological tool, promising in translational medicine.

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A mucinose cutânea é uma doença autoimune que consiste na deposição exacerbada de mucina na pele. Acomete principalmente os cães da raça shar-pei devido a um fenótipo característico representado por pele espessada com múltiplas dobras. A mucinose cutânea pode se apresentar por meio de lesões focais, multifocais ou difusas, variando de leves a graves, além de linfedema em membros. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um cão com quatro anos de idade que manifestou alterações cutâneas, inicialmente com edema e hematoma nos membros pélvicos, as quais evoluíram, resultando na degradação da pele e exposição dos ligamentos do membro afetado. O exame histopatológico diagnosticou a mucinose cutânea. O tratamento incluiu a administração de corticoides via oral, juntamente com a realização de curativos tópicos que envolveram a limpeza das lesões e a aplicação de pomadas apropriadas. O objetivo deste relato se originou da observação da gravidade dos sinais clínicos apresentados pela paciente e da eficácia notável do tratamento aplicado, que resultou na reestruturação da pele.(AU)

Cutaneous mucinosis is an autoimmune disease that consists of the exacerbated deposition of mucin in the skin. It mainly affects Shar-pei dogs due to a characteristic phenotype represented by thickened skin with multiple folds. This condition can present itself through focal, multifocal or diffuse lesions, ranging from mild to severe, in addition to lymphedema in the limbs This paper reports a case of four years old dog, that manifested skin changes, initially with edema and hematoma in the pelvic limbs that later evolved resulting in the skin degradation and ligaments exposure of the affected limb. Histopathological examination diagnosed cutaneous mucinosis. Treatment applied included the administration of oral corticosteroids, along with topical dressings that involved cleaning the lesions and applying appropriate ointments. The objective of this report originated from the severity of the clinical signs presented by the patient and the remarkable effectiveness of the treatment applied, which resulted in the skin restructuration.(AU)

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Cutaneous neoplasms have a significant representation in the casuistry of neoplasms in felines, emphasizing squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Thus, clinical knowledge is necessary for the correct diagnostic and curative approach to the patient. This study aimed to report two cases of late diagnosis of Bowenoid carcinoma in adult cats (> one year) admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí in order to collaborate with the existing literature and help veterinarians in the knowledge of associated lesions. At macroscopy in the hospital admission, both cats presented lesions on the head in the bilateral supraorbital frontal region that slowly evolved into erosions and crusted ulcers with purulent exudation, in addition to lesions in the perilabial region (case 1). In microscopy, findings revealed Bowenoid carcinoma in situ. Supraorbital lesions revealed the abrupt formation of epidermal plaques, including follicular infundibulum continuous with the acanthotic epidermis with loss of normal stratification. Focal orthokeratosis and marked atypia of keratinocytes (macrokaryosis, macronucleosis, macrocytosis, anisokaryosis, and anisocytosis) were also observed. Early diagnosis through clinical analysis combined with histopathological evaluation is of fundamental importance to ensure therapeutic success, improving the patient's prognosis, a condition not achieved in the cases presented mainly due to late diagnosis.(AU)

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Purpose: To assess the effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of three species of plants from the Piperaceae family on reducing necrosis and enhancing wound healing in an animal model of degloving injuries. Methods: The animals were divided into six groups, each consisting of six animals: sham, negative control, EEPA (Piper amalago ethanolic extract), EEPG (Piper glabratum ethanolic extract), EEPV (Piper vicosanum ethanolic extract), and positive control receiving hyperbaric oxygenation. The animals underwent surgery to induce excision wounds, and the extent of cutaneous necrosis was evaluated using graphic software, while wound healing was assessed through histopathology. Results: Skin necrosis percentage area was: sham group = 62.84% 6.38; negative control group = 63.03% 4.11; P. vicosanum = 40.80% 4.76 p < 0.05; P. glabratum 32.97% 4.01 p < 0.01; P. amalago = 32.40% 4.61 p < 0.01; hyperbaric oxygenation = 33.21% 4.29 p < 0.01. All treated groups showed higher collagen deposition and less intense, plus predominantly mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, suggesting improved healing process. Conclusions: The three tested extracts demonstrated efficacy in reducing the extent of cutaneous necrosis caused by degloving injuries and also showed evidence of improvement in the wound healing process.

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Background: A cutaneous or superficial myxoma is a benign neoplasm of dermal or subcutaneous fibroblast origin. Although rare, it has been previously described in several species, including poultry. It presents as a single node or soft mass with a gelatinous cut surface. Histopathological analysis is essential for diagnosis and to differentiate it from other mesenchymal neoplasms and inflammatory or degenerative processes. Microscopically, it consists of dermal or subcutaneous lobules of plump, stellate, or spindle-shaped, bland-looking cells embedded in a basophilic myxoid matrix. This report describes the pathological findings in a rare case of cutaneous myxoma in a 42-day-old broiler flock. Cases: During ante mortem inspection of a 42-day-old broiler flock at a slaughterhouse under the authority of the Federal Inspection Service (southern Brazil), nodular lesions or encrusted areas with yellow and black areas were observed in the head skin of less than 1% of animals. These lesions, approximately 0.5 cm in diameter, were observed on the comb, in the periocular skin region, and close to the animals' nostrils. During the breeding period, no health or epidemiological events were observed. Fragments of the lesions in the comb and periocular skin were collected and fixed in buffered 10% formalin. The samples were sent to the laboratory, routinely processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of irregular multifocal proliferation of connective tissue showing spindle cells with poorly demarcated borders and scarce cytoplasm in a slightly basophilic myxoid aspect matrix. The adjacent epidermis is compressed due to neoplastic proliferation. No areas of epithelial hyperplasia or inclusion bodies were observed. According to the pathologic description and considering its descriptive epidemiology, our main clinical suspicion was cutaneous fowl pox, a pathology characterized by the appearance of nodules in regions devoid of feathers. However, the microscopic changes observed were compatible with those described for cutaneous myxomas. In addition, the extracellular matrix was positive for Alcian Blue staining, which is an indicator of myxoma. In the present case, the SIF did not report the same macroscopic lesions in other flocks of the same origin. Discussion: Connective tissue tumors, including myxomas, occur considerably less frequently under field conditions. In addition, these neoplasms are more frequent in mature birds and are not usually described in broilers, as observed in this report. The cutaneous myxoma described in broilers is usually a sporadic neoplasm that does not cause zootechnical losses, as observed in the case report. Its etiology is unknown and has been associated with various factors, such as local trauma and foreign bodies. Some fragments of plant material from the breeding environment were microscopically detected in the encrusted areas, which may indicate previous trauma or a foreign body. Myxoma has been associated with avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup A, but SIF did not report the same macroscopic lesions in other flocks of the same breeder hen's origin in the present case. Furthermore, sporadic connective tissue tumors associated with the virus occur in mature chickens but not in broilers. Myxoma lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other connective tissue tumors and infectious agents that cause lesions in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

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Bovine cutaneous angiomatosis (BCA) is a rare condition characterized by vasoproliferative skin lesions mainly affecting cattle in the northern hemisphere. An eight-month-old Holstein heifer showed two skin easy-bleeding nodules bulging from the epidermis in the forehead and close to the right prescapular region. Skin lesions were within the dermis and had an irregular surface and a soft heterogeneous reddish parenchyma composed of numerous variable-sized arterioles, veins, and capillaries surrounded by abundant collagenous fibrous tissue. Immunohistochemical assays evidenced endothelial cells lining proliferative vascular structure immunolabeled for CD31 and Von Willebrand factor, and vascular smooth muscle cells immunostained for smooth muscle actin. All clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features observed in the Holstein heifer were hallmarks of BCA. Considering its potential for hereditary spread, BCA must be included in the differential diagnosis of easily bleeding skin nodules that do not respond to routine topical wound treatments to prevent its spread in Brazilian herds.

A angiomatose cutânea bovina (ACB) é uma condição rara caracterizada por lesões vasoproliferativas na pele que afetam principalmente bovinos do hemisfério norte. Uma novilha Holandesa de oito meses de idade apresentou dois nódulos cutâneos protuberantes na epiderme, que apresentavam fácil sangramento localizados na fronte e próximo à região pré-escapular direita. As lesões cutâneas dérmicas tinham uma superfície irregular e um parênquima avermelhado heterogêneo macio composto por numerosas arteríolas, veias e capilares de tamanho variável circundadas por tecido fibroso colagenoso abundante. O exame imuno-histoquímico evidenciou células endoteliais revestindo a estrutura vascular proliferativa imunomarcadas para CD31 e fator de Von Willebrand, e células vasculares de músculo liso imunomarcadas para actina de músculo liso. Todas as características clínicas, patológicas e imuno-histoquímicas observadas na novilha Holandesa foram características da ACB. Considerando seu potencial de disseminação hereditária, a ACB deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial dos nódulos cutâneos de fácil sangramento que não respondem aos tratamentos tópicos de rotina para evitar sua disseminação nos rebanhos brasileiros.

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This paper reports a case of congenital cutaneous fibropapillomatosis in a piglet from a swine-producing farm in the municipality of Concórdia, Santa Catarina ­ Brazil. The main gross lesion was an exophytic mass with a pinkish color, irregular surface, and margins, sometimes with a cerebrum-like appearance, extending from the right cervical and scapular regions to the craniomedial portion of the right forelimb. Histologically, the mass consisted of a well-delimited proliferation of fibrous tissue in the superficial dermis, covered by a proliferation of keratinocytes with low cellular atypia. Diffuse and severe hyperkeratosis of the epidermis was also observed. Immunohistochemistry for papillomavirus was negative, indicating that this animal had spontaneous non­viral papillomatosis. This condition is rare in pigs, with only two other cases described in the literature.(AU)

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Este estudo avaliou a eficácia de uma pomada à base de alantoina e óxido de zinco indicada para cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em equinos. As feridas foram realizadas cirurgicamente em ambos os lados da garupa, sendo que por sorteio um dos lados foi selecionado para o tratamento (GT). No lado controle (GC) realizou-se apenas lavagem com água e sabão, enquanto no GT, acrescentou-se a secagem com gaze estéril e aplicação da pomada. A evolução do processo cicatricial foi avaliada macro e microscopicamente e a área de cada ferida mensurada no período experimental. À macroscopia demonstrou que que as feridas do GT apresentaram bordas menos edemaciadas, com superfície mais lisa e regular, bem como a formação de crostas secas em relação ao GC. A partir do sétimo dia, tanto no GC quanto no GT foi possível observar a presença de fibroblastos, porém, em maior quantidade no GT. O tecido de granulação, apresentou-se maior no GC. Na avaliação histológica do 21º dia de ambos os grupos, observou-se espessamento da epiderme, proliferação e neovascularização intensa. No entanto, o GC apresentava também áreas de edema e infiltrado inflamatório sobre a ferida, o que revela possível atraso na cicatrização. Maior contração da ferida ocorreu a partir do 14° dia no GT. Além disso, a ação repelente do produto aplicado nas feridas do GT foi uma característica marcante. Conclui-se que o produto testado foi benéfico na cicatrização de feridas induzidas em equinos, com redução do período necessário para completa cicatrização, além de apresentar excelente ação repelente.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an ointment based on allantoin and zinc oxide indicated for the healing of skin wounds in horses. The wounds were surgically induced on both sides of the croup, and one side was selected by lot for treatment (TG). The control side (CG) was only washed with soap and water, while on the TG, the wound was additionally dried with sterile gauze and the ointment was applied. During the experimental period, the evolution of the healing process was evaluated macro and microscopically, and the area of each wound was measured. Macroscopically, it was noted that the wounds in the TG presented less swollen edges, with a smoother and more regular surface, as well as the formation of dry crusts in relation to the CG. From the seventh day, in both the CG and the TG, it was possible to observe the presence of fibroblasts; however, in greater quantity in the TG. The granulation tissue was higher in the CG. In the histological evaluation on the 21st day, thickening of the epidermis, proliferation, and intense neovascularization were observed in both groups. However, the CG also had areas of edema and inflammatory infiltrate over the wound, which suggests a possible delay in healing. Greater wound contraction occurred from the 14th day onwards in the TG. In addition, the repellent action of the product applied to the wounds of the TG was a notable feature. It was concluded that the tested product was beneficial for the healing of induced wounds in horses with a reduction in the period for complete healing, in addition to presenting an excellent repellent action.

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Purpose: To evaluate a biofilm model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in excisional cutaneous wound in mice. Methods: Preclinical, translational study conducted with 64 C57BL/6 mice randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Evaluation was on days D0, D3, D5, D7 and D10 of wound making. The profile of biofilm formation and induction was evaluated using wound closure kinetics, quantitative culture, and evaluation of wounds using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Clinical evaluation was performed by liver tissue culture, weight variation, and quantification of leukocytes in peripheral blood. Analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism software. Results: Bacterial load for induction of infection with P. aeruginosa and survival of animals was 104 UFC·mL-1. In D5 (p < 0.0001) and D7 (p < 0.01), animals in the intervention group showed a delay in the healing process and had their wounds covered by necrotic tissue until D10. Statistical differences were observed in wound cultures and weight at D5 and D7 (p < 0.01). Liver cultures and leukocyte quantification showed no statistical differences. No bacteria in planktonic or biofilm form were identified by TEM. Conclusions: The findings raise questions about the understanding of the ease of formation and high occurrence of biofilm in chronic wounds.

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Lupus erythematosus complex is an immune-mediated dermatological disease, mainly represented by the generalized and discoid forms. The last form described is milder, as it is limited to the appearance of lesions, usually on the face and in mucocutaneous regions. Its pathophysiology is considered multifactorial, however, continuous exposure to ultraviolet radiation seems to be very relevant to trigger and/or worsen clinical manifestations. DeÞ nitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological analysis, and treatment is mainly based on immunosuppression and protection against ultraviolet radiation. The objective of this study was to report the case and clinical evolution of a mixed breed bitch, diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. The bitch presented moderate desquamation, crusts and depigmentation restricted to the nasal plane. No other clinical or laboratory Þ ndings were evidenced in the screening tests. Upon conÞ rmation by histopathology, the initial therapy was started with oral prednisolone. The owners were also instructed to avoid exposure to sunlight, as well as to use topical protectors against ultraviolet radiation. The patient presented good response to therapy, showing remission of signs. Other sporadic recurrences were observed later, however, they were controlled only with topical corticosteroids, but always reinforcing the other precautions of environmental management. This work also addressed the risks, beneÞ ts and need to institute ongoing care to control discoid lupus erythematosus. Therapeutic success can vary among patients, as the intensity of the disease can be manifested in varying degrees. Therefore, in those individuals in which the condition is mild, it may be advantageous to opt for more conservative therapies in order to avoid side effects.(AU)

O complexo lúpus eritematoso é uma enfermidade dermatológica imunomediada, sendo principalmente representado pela forma generalizada e discoide. A última descrita é mais branda, pois se limita ao aparecimento de lesões geralmente em face e em regiões muco-cutâneas. Sua Þ - siopatogenia é considerada multifatorial, entretanto, a exposição contínua à radiação ultravioleta parece ser muito relevante para desencadear e/ou agravar as manifestações clínicas. O diagnóstico deÞ nitivo é obtido pela análise histopatológica, e o tratamento se baseia principalmente na imunossupressão e proteção contra a radiação ultravioleta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso e evolução clínica de uma cadela sem raça deÞ nida, diagnosticada com lúpus eritematoso discoide. A mesma apresentou moderada descamação, crostas e despigmentação restritas ao plano nasal. Nenhum outro achado clínico ou laboratorial foi evidenciado nos demais exames de triagem. Após conÞ rmado pela histopatologia, a terapia inicial foi instituída a partir da prednisolona por via oral. Os tutores também foram orientados a evitar exposição a luz solar, bem como, fazer a utilização de protetores tópicos contra a radiação ultravioleta. A paciente teve boa resposta à terapia, apresentando remissão dos sinais. Após este episódio, outras recidivas esporádicas foram observadas, entretanto, controladas apenas com corticoides tópicos, mas sempre reforçando os demais cuidados com o manejo ambiental. Este trabalho também abordou os riscos, benefícios e necessidade de instituir o cuidado contínuo para controle do lúpus eritematoso discoide. O sucesso terapêutico pode variar entre os pacientes, uma vez que a intensidade da doença pode ser manifestada em vários graus. Portanto, naqueles indivíduos em que o quadro é brando, pode ser vantajoso optar por terapias mais conservadoras, a Þ m de evitar seus efeitos colaterais.(AU)

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This study aims to evaluate the influence of free omental graft without vascular microanastomosis (FOGWVA) on experimental skin healing in rabbits. Through celiotomy, a 9cm2 free omental fragment was collected in 36 rabbits, with subsequent production of a deep linear cutaneous wound in the dorsal midline measuring 3cm. In 18 animals from the omental group (OG), the omental fragment collected was fixed subcutaneously with six simple interrupted stitches using a 4-0 polyamide thread. In both treated and control (CG) groups, intradermal dermorrhaphy was performed with 4-0 polyamide thread. Experimental wounds were clinically evaluated every day. Each of the groups was divided into three subgroups of 6 animals each for histopathological evaluation on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days of postoperative. In the OG wounds, the increase in volume (omentum activation) stood out after the second postoperative day. Macroscopy showed an organic reaction to the graft on day 7, with a progressive reduction in addition to neovascularization towards the omental graft. The intense presence of mononuclear cells and collagen deposition on day 7 demonstrated an accelerated process of tissue remodeling and repair. The FOGWVA omental graft remained viable and positively influenced the cutaneous healing of the experimental wounds in rabbits.

Neste estudo, objetiva-se avaliar a influência do enxerto omental livre sem microanastomose vascular (FOGWVA) na cicatrização cutânea experimental em coelhos. Por meio de celiotomia, foi coletado fragmento omental livre de 9cm2 em 36 coelhos, com posterior produção de ferida cutânea profunda linear na linha média dorsal medindo 3cm. Apenas em 18 animais, do grupo omento (GO), o fragmento omental coletado foi fixado no subcutâneo com seis pontos simples interrompidos utilizando fio poliamida 4-0. Em ambos os grupos, tratado e controle (GC), efetuou-se dermorrafia intradérmica com fio poliamida 4-0. As feridas experimentais foram avaliadas clinicamente todos os dias. Cada um dos grupos foi dividido em três subgrupos, com seis animais cada, para avaliação anatomopatológica no sétimo, 14º e 28o dias de pós-operatório. Nas feridas do GO, destacou-se aumento de volume (ativação do omento) a partir do segundo dia pós-operatório. A macroscopia evidenciou reação orgânica ao enxerto no dia sete, com redução progressiva, além de neovascularização em direção ao enxerto omental. Intensa presença de células mononucleares e deposição de colágeno no dia sete demonstraram acelerado processo de remodelamento e reparo tecidual. O FOGWVA manteve-se viável e influenciou positivamente na cicatrização cutânea de feridas experimentais em coelhos.

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The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) consists of a group of diseases characterized by defective collagen production or failure in its organization, resulting in changes in the strength and extensibility of connective tissue. This report describes the dermatological and histological findings observed in a 3-month-old crossbreed cat with rupture and detachment of skin in the thoracic limb and rupture of the skin in the cervical region. Upon dermatological examination, the cat presented fragile and hyperextensible skin in the cervical region and a skin extensibility index of 21%. Histopathological evaluation of the skin specimens revealed evident disorganization of collagen bundles in dermis and in the Masson's trichrome staining, follicular dysplasia was found. The presumptive diagnosis of EDS was made based on the clinical and histopathological findings. Sanger sequencing did not detect any mutated alleles for the c.3420delG mutation in COL5A1 gene, which was an autosomal dominant mutation previously been associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in cats. The absence of this mutation in the reported cat suggests that other mutation may also be responsible for the development of cutaneous asthenia in this or maybe other genes related to collagen metabolism.

A síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) consiste em um conjunto de doenças caracterizadas pela produção deficiente de colágeno ou falha em sua organização, resultando em alterações na resistência e extensibilidade do tecido conjuntivo. Este relato descreve os achados dermatológicos e histológicos observados em um gato mestiço de três meses de idade com ruptura e descolamento de pele do membro torácico e ruptura da pele na região cervical. Ao exame dermatológico, o gato apresentava pele hiper-extensível, fragilizada na região cervical e índice de extensibilidade cutânea de 21%. A avaliação histopatológica das amostras de pele revelou desorganização evidente dos feixes de colágeno na derme e pela coloração com tricrômico de Masson foi encontrada displasia folicular. O diagnóstico presuntivo de EDS foi realizado com base nos achados clínicos e histopatológicos. O sequenciamento de Sanger não detectou nenhum alelo mutado para a mutação c.3420delG no gene COL5A1, que é uma mutação autossômica dominante previamente associada à síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos em gatos. A ausência dessa mutação no gato relatado sugere que outra mutação também pode ser responsável pelo desenvolvimento de astenia cutânea neste gene ou em outro associado ao metabolismo de colágeno.

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Arthropod venoms are potential sources of bioactive substances, providing tools for the validation of popular use and new drugs design. Ants belonging to the genus Dinoponera are used in the folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. It was previously demonstrated that the venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps (DqV), containing a mixture of polypeptides, elicit antinociceptive effect in mice models of chemical, mechanical and thermal nociception. The aim of this study was to evaluate DqV antiinflammatory and antihypernociceptive effects in a mice model of traumatic cutaneous wound. Colonies of D. quadriceps were collected in the 'Serra de Maranguape' (State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil), a small mountain range located on the coastal zone, and the venom secreted by the ant glands was extracted with capillary tubes, further lyophilized and maintained at -20 ± 1ºC until use. Wounds were performed in the dorsum of Swiss mice. Animals received intravenous (i.v.) injection of DqV (50 µg kg-1 day-1) during 3 days for evaluation of inflammatory parameters present in the wounds: hypernociception, leukocyte infiltrate, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite/nitrate content. Data was tested by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test. DqV reduced (2.7 folds) hypernociception at 48 hours, leukocyte infiltration by 65% at 6 hours and myeloperoxidase activity by 60% at 0.5 hour after wound induction. In conclusion, the venom extracted from D. quadriceps glands attenuates inflammation and hypernociception in mice cutaneous wounds.(AU)

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Purpose: To evaluate the effects of rosemary leaf essential oil-based ointments on the healing of rat skin lesions. Methods: Sixty adult male rats, with dorsal excisional skin wounds made surgically under anesthesia, were divided into three groups (n = 20): Sham group (untreated wounds); control group (CG, wounds treated with vehicle); and essential oil (EO) treated group (wounds treated with essential oil-based ointments), administered topically once daily. Skin wounds were evaluated at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after EO or vehicle treatments. Lesions were analyzed macroscopically for the contraction degree. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of skin wounds were used for histopathological evaluation. Results: Macroscopic evaluation showed wounds edges with thin crust without firmness and yellowish color, along with an improvement in wound contraction in EO group when compared to the other groups. A reduced inflammatory reaction, along with newly formed small diameter capillaries and more organized and elongated collagen fibers, were more frequently observed in EO group than in the other groups. Moreover, blood vessel number and collagen fibers density were significantly higher in EO group. Conclusions: Skin lesion treatment with rosemary leaf essential oil-based ointments accelerates the initial stages of healing, reduces inflammation, and increases angiogenesis, collagen fibers density, and wound contraction in rats.

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Background: Equine cutaneous habronemiasis is common in the distal regions of the limbs. Organophosphates, appliedsystemically, one previously used treatment, which is highly effective, but currently in disuse, due to the risks of intoxication. Regional perfusion is a potential technique for distal limb wounds, since, in addition to being used in low doses, itprevents systemic circulation of the drug and possible intoxication, and has a lower treatment cost. The current work aimedto perform clinical, laboratory, and venography evaluations of the use of trichlorfon in regional intravenous perfusion, asa possible form of treatment for cutaneous habronemosis in the distal region of equine limbs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve equines were used, divided into 2 groups, with the left thoracic limb (LTL) beingthe test limb, and the right thoracic limb (RTL) the control limb. At moment zero (M0), distal radiography and venographywere performed. The tourniquet was then loosened and after 5 min, at moment one (M1), the tourniquet was repositionedfor 1.25 mg/kg (G1) and 5.5 mg/kg (G2) trichlorfon injections into the left thoracic limb, diluted in 20 mL of Ringer’s lactate solution, and 20 mL of Ringer’s lactate solution was applied to the right thoracic limb. The tourniquet was maintainedfor 30 min after infusion in both groups. At moment 2 (M2), 4 days later, blood tests, radiography, and venography wererepeated. Every day between M0 and M2, physical examinations were performed, including measurement of the pastern,fetlock, and coronet band, and a lameness examination. There were no significant alterations in clinical parameters, behavior, and appetite. In the blood cell count, there was an increase in leukocytes on D4 in G2, although remaining withinthe reference values for the species. The biochemical tests showed no alterations. There were no changes in the circumferences evaluated and 4 equines from G2 presented lameness in the LTL and...

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Background: Sarcoids are the most frequent skin tumors among horses, causing serious lesions due to their different shapes, sizes, degree of invasiveness and distribution on the body. The pathogenesis of sarcoids is multifactorial, with genetic, viral and environmental involvement, making their treatment complex. The aggressiveness and high rate of recurrence of sarcoids makes it difficult to use an effective treatment, which is why there are several therapeutic routes described in the literature. Aiming to describe and expand sarcoid treatments, this paper reports on the use of acyclovir in the treatment of this type of tumor. Cases: Four horses sent to the Large Animal Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras - UFLA were diagnosed and treated for sarcoids. Case 1. Lesions on the right ear, region of the masseter muscle of the right side of the face, neck, vulva and medial aspect of the left pelvic limb. Case 2. Lesion in the left groin region. Case 3. Lesions on the face, masseter muscle region on the left side, mandibular region and right ear pinna. Case 4. Lesion in the lateral region of the left pelvic limb, close to the tarsometatarsal joint. All horses had a diagnosis of sarcoid, which was confirmed by histopathological examination of material collected after surgical excision. Macroscopically, the neoplastic lesions were classified as fibroblastic, verrucous and nodular. The tumors exhibited irregular surfaces, keratinization, and a firm consistency. Their surfaces were alopecic, slightly rough, some of them were ulcerated, and their color ranged from greyish to rosy and reddish. All the tumor masses were surgically excised from the 4 horses, and one sarcoid was treated by thermal cauterization with liquid nitrogen due to the lesion's depth and size. In most cases, the sarcoid removal sites were closed with sutures. Only 2 lesions were not sutured due to the impossibility of bringing the edges of tissue close together, or due to proximity to the tarsometatarsal joint. The surgical wounds were cleaned twice a day with sterile saline solution followed by the topical application of Acyclovir. One of the animals received complementary therapy with Cimetidine. Discussion: The equines recovered completely from their sarcoid treatment, and no recurrences were reported a year later. Thus, the combination of treatments employed for the extirpation of sarcoids proved to have greater chances of success. First, all the tumors were surgically removed with the largest possible margins of safety in order to ensure the elimination of neoplastic cells. In the postoperative period, all the animals received topical treatment of the lesions with acyclovir after surgical resection of the tumors. The drug aided the complete healing of post-surgical wounds, and healing time varied according to the size and depth of the lesion. One tumor was treated with liquid nitrogen after surgical excision of the sarcoid. Another horse was treated with cimetidine over a 3-month period after surgical excision of the neoplasm in order to reduce the sarcoid and prevent its evolution. Surgical excision of the sarcoid associated with topical application of acyclovir ointment showed satisfactory results. Moreover, the combination of surgical excision and administration of liquid nitrogen on the lesion and topical application of acyclovir ointment in the postoperative period also provided good results. Given the complexity of sarcoid treatment and the high recurrence rate of these tumors, the use of combined treatments should be taken into account.

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Background: Preputial injuries are significant in the clinical routine. Traumas, conditions, and mass excision result in extensive and full-thickness defects that lead to chronic penile exposure and consequential injuries. Severe injuries may require preputial reconstructive surgery to restore function and aesthetics. The objective is to report the use of the preputial reconstruction technique using the caudal superficial epigastric axial standard flap associated with a single-stage, full-thickness oral mucosa graft in 3 dogs where the loss of the prepuce was significant. Cases: Three dogs were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UFMT with preputial lesions of different etiologies. All cases were referred for preventive reconstruction using a flap in the caudal axial epigastric pattern associated with a single-stage oral mucosa graft. In the 3 reported cases, changes that compromised surgical success, such as suture dehiscence, necrosis, or infection, were not observed during hospitalization. Cutaneous stitch dehiscence, however, was observed in all 3 cases. Dog 1. A small point of dehiscence and tissue necrosis was found and treated with chemical debridement and healed by second intention, which proved to be sufficient on the 30th day. Dog 2. A half-moon rotation flap was performed, which closed the defect. Dog 3. A new procedure using the reporting theme technique was necessary in order to cover the cranial portion of the foreskin. The dehiscence present in dogs 2 and 3 was significant. Flap retraction was observed in all 3 cases. In dogs 1 and 3, the retraction was slight, and the exposure of a small portion of the penile glans were observed, showing no changes that required intervention. In dog 2, retraction was important, leading to partial stenosis of the preputial ostium. A larger ostium was obtained by suturing the mucosa to the edge of the wedge. Considering the possibility of adhesion formation, "captons" were made in sterile silicone tubes, and sutures were placed in the dorsal and ventral aspects to prevent adherence of the oral mucosa graft located on the inside of the new foreskin. The captons were removed on the tenth post-operative day, revealing a good opening of the preputial orifice and adequate penile exposure. Discussion: The absence of a foreskin caused by trauma or surgical excision leads to chronic penile exposure, dryness, and ulcerations. The simple covering of the skin with an axial-type flap of the caudal superficial epigastric region tends to fail since only the graft edges are sutured into the abdominal skin. In these circumstances, the subcutaneous region on the penis is exposed and comes in direct contact with urine and the penile mucosa, causing the flap skin to grow to exacerbated retraction. The transplantation of a free-lip mucosa graft allows the subcutaneous region of the transposed skin flap to create adhesions in the fenestrated regions of the lip tissue through the formation of granulation tissue buds, which is performed in a single stage. The permanence of the penis protects the lower urinary system from the occurrence of infections relative to what is normally observed in cases where partial or total penile amputation is practiced in combination with adjunctive scrotal urethrostomy. Given the observations of the 3 cases described here, the technique of pre-facial reconstruction with an axial skin flap of the caudal superficial epigastric region, combined with free-labial mucosa graft, was found to be feasible for the single-stage foreskin technique, but that paraphimosis remanagement may be necessary when cutaneous portions of the penile skin caudal to the glans are removed.

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The superficial and deep preputial dermis contains multifocal to coalescing, well-demarcated eosinophilic granulomas (Fig. 2) characterized by a central area of abundant eosinophilic necrotic debris mixed with degenerate eosinophils surrounded by numerous epithelioid macrophages and occasional multinucleated giant cells (foreign-body type), rimmed by ill-defined layers of fibrous connective tissue. In the center of the granulomas, there are cross-sections of degenerate nematode larvae (Fig. 3). The adjacent dermal collagen is expanded by dense inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of eosinophils and a few lymphocytes and plasma cells (Fig. 4). The dermal microvasculature is prominent, with hypertrophic reactive endothelial lining. There is also vascular proliferation amidst perpendicularly oriented plump fibroblasts embedded in collagen (granulation tissue). In addition, there are numerous shrunken, hypereosinophilic, fragmented or hyalinized collagen bundles, occasionally surrounded by degranulated eosinophils (flame figures).(AU)

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The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of local administration of gentamicin or cephalothin on the healing of surgical wounds in dogs. Thirty healthy dogs were submitted to surgical castration. They were divided into 2 groups of 15 animals. After the surgical procedure, two 0.6 cm circular cutaneous wounds were made in the abdominal region. Group 1 received 0.1 ml of 0.9% saline in one wound and 0.1 ml of gentamicin (40 mg / ml) in the other wound; and group 2 received 0.1 ml of 0.9% saline and 0.1 ml of cephalothin (200 mg / ml); respectively. All wounds were sutured and assessed macroscopically 1, 3 and 10 days after the operation. On day 10, an incisional biopsy was performed for histopathological evaluation. All analyzes of macroscopic variables did not show significant differences between groups (P <0.05). There were no significant differences between groups for microscopic evaluation of collagenization, vascularization, edema and inflammatory cells (P <0.05). Thus, the topical use of the tested antibiotics does not influence skin healing in dogs.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da administração local de gentamicina ou cefalotina na cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas em cães. Trinta cães saudáveis foram submetidos à cirurgia de castração. Eles foram divididos em 2 grupos de 15 animais. Após o procedimento cirúrgico, foram feitas duas feridas cutâneas circulares de 0,6 cm na região abdominal. O grupo 1 recebeu 0,1 ml de soro fisiológico 0,9% em uma ferida e 0,1 ml de gentamicina (40 mg/ml) na outra ferida; e o grupo 2 recebeu 0,1 ml de soro fisiológico 0,9% e 0,1 ml de cefalotina (200 mg/ml); respectivamente. Todas as feridas foram suturadas e avaliadas macroscopicamente 1, 3 e 10 dias após a operação. No dia 10, foi realizada biópsia incisional para avaliação histopatológica. Todas as análises das variáveis macroscópicas não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (P<0,05). Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos para avaliação microscópica da colagenização, vascularização, edema e células inflamatórias (P<0,05). Assim, o uso tópico dos antibióticos testados não influencia na cicatrização da pele em cães.