Resumo
Coprophanaeus lancifer is a copro-necrophagous beetle endemic to the Amazon region. Although beetles belonging to the subfamily Scarabaeinae primarily feed on dung, some have a greater diet plasticity that includes carrion, fungi, rotten fruits and invertebrates. The diet of the scavenger beetle C. lancifer mainly consists of vertebrate carcasses, although it is also attracted to mammal faeces. Here, we describe the first record of this species feeding on fruits of the genus Nectandra.(AU)
Coprophanaeus lancifer es un escarabajo copro-necrófago endémico de la región amazónica. Aunque los escarabajos pertenecientes a la subfamilia Scarabaeinae se alimentan principalmente de excrementos, algunos tienen una mayor plasticidad dietética que incluye carroña, hongos, frutas podridas y invertebrados. La dieta del escarabajo carroñero C. lancifer consiste principalmente en cadáveres de vertebrados, aunque, también se siente atraído por heces de mamíferos. Aquí, describimos el primer registro de esta especie alimentándose de frutos del género Nectandra.(AU)
Assuntos
Besouros/classificação , América do Sul , Especificidade da Espécie , Ingestão de Alimentos , Plasticidade CelularResumo
Background: Macracantorhincosis is a zoonotic disease resulting from inadequate sanitary conditions, which occurs in pigs infected by acanthocephalic helminths called Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. The eggs of these parasites are resistant to cold, high temperatures and can survive up to 3 years in the soil. They are consumed by dung beetles of the Scarabeidae family causing the parasite to evolve into its infective form, the cystacanth. The pig becomes infected after ingestion of either larvae or adult forms of these coleoptera. This work describes a case report of macracantorhincosis found in a pig from the canton of Zaruma located in the province of El Oro, Ecuador. Case: One sow, approximately 24-month-old, weighing 30 kg, presented cachexia, muscle weakness, pale oral and ocular mucosa and a body temperature above 39.4°C. The animal had a bulge on the ventral side of the neck, which evolved causing progressive discomfort to the point that the animal stopped eating. The sow was dewormed for 3 consecutive days. Fifteen days later, the animal had convulsions and muscle tremors, and died some hours after the symptoms started. During necropsy procedure, pale digestive tract membranes and nodules with fibrin were observed in the small intestine (jejunum), which was incised and the presence of parasites adhered to the granulomas detected. Two granulomas for morphological and histological studies and stool samples for coproparasitic test were collected. The collected parasites were fixed in a 10% buffered formalin solution, cross-sections were made and routinely processed for histological studies. The 5 µm thick sections were stained using the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) technique. The parasite's action involves perforation of the intestinal wall though its proboscis causing peritonitis and enteritis. Other conditions in intestinal dissection such as necrotic areas, inflammation of the submucosa and adult parasites adhered to the intestinal mucosa were also observed. The coproparasitic examination was performed using the flotation and sedimentation techniques. The coproparasitic test detected dark colored feces, semi-solid consistency and the presence of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceu eggs. In the histological evaluation of the cross section of the parasite, the presence of circular and longitudinal muscle fibers and lemniscus with their constrictor muscles was observed. Cuticle, hypodermis with tapered fibers and a large number of developing mature eggs were also reported. Discussion: There is no pathognomonic symptomatology about this parasitosis and peritonitis can be generated by intestinal perforations. The findings at necropsy were ulcerations, inflammation in the small intestine and the presence of numerous nodules in the serous layer, where there was penetration of the parasite's proboscis. When fixed to the mucosa, these parasites cause ulcerations, inflammation and necrosis in the wall of the small intestine. The hypodermic layer is thicker than the muscular layer and the presence of leminis with their constricting muscles are typical features of acanthocephalus. It is considered appropriate to carry out epidemiological studies on the prevalence of the parasite Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus at pig farming system in the region, in order to determine the main risk factors. In Ecuador, cases of this disease in humans have not yet been reported, but have already been described in other countries, so the presence of this parasite in family swine farming may be considered a zoonotic-type risk factor.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Suínos/parasitologia , Acantocéfalos/isolamento & purificação , Zoonoses/diagnóstico , EquadorResumo
The Cañón del Sumidero National Park (PNCS) is a priority area for conservation, but there are few studies on its fauna, which evidences the need for further basic studies to produce adequate knowledge on its biodiversity. This study aimed to determine dung beetle assemblages temporal distribution, trophic preference, and daily activity patterns. We conducted samplings using baited pitfall traps in a PNCS tropical sub deciduous forest remnant, during the dry and rainy seasons between 2014 and 2015. We captured a total of 863 individuals of 20 species, 12 genera, and five tribes of Scarabaeinae. Estimators suggest that we obtained high faunistic representation (> 80%), but species richness is low compared to other regional studies. The community was characterized by a high number of rare species and few dominant species. We captured the greatest richness and abundance during rainy months, however, species composition between seasons did not differ significantly. Trophic preference was mainly generalist and we considered only four species as specialists to tapir dung. We observed a clear segregation between activity hours. Nevertheless, we determined only nine species as specialists (six nocturnal and three diurnal) and two others had generalist habits. The low diversity we found could be influenced by the constant pressure of the urban area and non-native species within the park, which alter the dung beetle assemblages. However, performing samplings for longer periods and using a wider range of resources would help us obtain more robust results and better understand species distribution patterns.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/classificação , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Floresta Úmida , Distribuição Temporal , Áreas Protegidas/análiseResumo
Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by deforestation are important anthropogenic drivers of changes in biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest, and has reached its highest rate in recent decades. However, the magnitude and direction of the effects on species composition and distribution have yet to be fully understood. We evaluated the responses of four taxonomic groups − birds, amphibians, orchid bees, and dung beetles - to habitat loss and fragmentation at both species and assemblage level in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon. We sampled fifteen 250-m long plots in terra-firme forest remnants. We calculated one landscape fragmentation index (fragindex), which considers the proportion of continuous forest cover, edge density and isolation in the landscape, and nine landscape configuration metrics. Logistic regression models and multivariate regression trees were used to analyze species and assemblage responses. Our results revealed that over 80% of birds, amphibians or orchid-bee species, and 60% of dung beetles were negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation. Species composition of all taxonomic groups was significantly affected by differences in forest cover and connectivity. Less than 5% of all species were restricted to landscapes with fragindex values higher than 40%. Landscape metrics related to the shape and area of forest patches determined the magnitude and direction of the effect on species responses. Therefore, changes in the landscape configuration of Ecuadorian Amazonia should be minimized to diminish the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on species occurrence and assemblage composition.(AU)
La pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat causada por la deforestación es un importante impulsor antropogénico de cambios sobre la biodiversidad en la selva amazónica. Sin embargo, la magnitud y dirección de los efectos sobre la composición y distribución de las especies aún es incomprendida. Evaluamos las respuestas de cuatro grupos taxonómicos - aves, anfibios, abejas de orquídeas y escarabajos peloteros - a la pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat, tanto a nivel de especies como de ensamblaje, en la Amazonía norte ecuatoriana. Tomamos muestras de quince parcelas de 250 m de largo en remanentes de bosque de tierra firme. Calculamos un índice de fragmentación del paisaje (fragindex), que considera la cobertura forestal continua, densidad del borde y el aislamiento en el paisaje, y nueve métricas de configuración del paisaje para analizar las respuestas de especies y ensamblajes. Más del 80% de las especies de aves, anfibios o abejas de orquídeas y el 60% de los escarabajos peloteros se vieron afectados negativamente por la pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat. La composición por especies se vio significativamente afectada por las diferencias en la cobertura forestal y la conectividad, mientras que la forma y el área de los parches de bosque determinaron la magnitud y la dirección del efecto en las respuestas de las especies. Por lo tanto, los cambios en la configuración del paisaje de la Amazonía ecuatoriana deben minimizarse para disminuir los efectos de la pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat sobre la presencia de especies y la composición de los ensambles.(AU)
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Ecossistema , Conservação dos Recursos NaturaisResumo
Although dung beetles are important members of ecological communities and indicators of ecosystem quality, species diversity, and how it varies over space and habitat types, remains poorly understood in the Brazilian Cerrado. We compared dung beetle communities among plant formations in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling (by baited pitfall and flight-interception traps) was carried out in 2012 in the Park in four habitat types: two different savanna formations (typical and open) and two forest formations (seasonally deciduous and gallery). A total of 5,400 individuals collected comprised 57 species in 22 genera. Typical savanna had the greatest species richness and abundance, followed by open savanna and deciduous forest, while the gallery forest had the fewest species but high abundance. Tunnelers (one of three main nesting behavior guilds) showed the greatest richness and abundance (except in the gallery forest, where one dweller species was extremely abundant) in all plant formations. We found that species richness and abundance of the dung beetle community are influenced by differences among plant formations. Habitat heterogeneity in the different plant formations along with anthropic influences (fire, habitat fragmentation) are cited as important factors that explain guild and species richness and distribution patterns. These results emphasize the importance of protected areas, such as SASP, for the maintenance and conservation of species diversity in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros , Biodiversidade , Pradaria , BrasilResumo
Although dung beetles are important members of ecological communities and indicators of ecosystem quality, species diversity, and how it varies over space and habitat types, remains poorly understood in the Brazilian Cerrado. We compared dung beetle communities among plant formations in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling (by baited pitfall and flight-interception traps) was carried out in 2012 in the Park in four habitat types: two different savanna formations (typical and open) and two forest formations (seasonally deciduous and gallery). A total of 5,400 individuals collected comprised 57 species in 22 genera. Typical savanna had the greatest species richness and abundance, followed by open savanna and deciduous forest, while the gallery forest had the fewest species but high abundance. Tunnelers (one of three main nesting behavior guilds) showed the greatest richness and abundance (except in the gallery forest, where one dweller species was extremely abundant) in all plant formations. We found that species richness and abundance of the dung beetle community are influenced by differences among plant formations. Habitat heterogeneity in the different plant formations along with anthropic influences (fire, habitat fragmentation) are cited as important factors that explain guild and species richness and distribution patterns. These results emphasize the importance of protected areas, such as SASP, for the maintenance and conservation of species diversity in the Brazilian Cerrado.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros , Biodiversidade , Pradaria , BrasilResumo
ABSTRACT Our goals were to determine whether the pattern of geographical distribution of dung beetles in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), Southeast Brazil, supports the identification of the areas of endemism in this biome, how the number and boundaries of the areas of endemism vary with the spatial scale used in the analysis, if the areas of endemism identified here are consistent with previous proposals described in the literature. We used the analysis of endemicity (NDM) on the distributional patterns of 198 species and subspecies of dung beetles in order to identify areas of endemism into grids of 0.25°x0.25°, 0.5°x0.5° and 1°x1°. A total of 15 consensus areas (CA) were identified with the different grid sizes employed (two of 0.25°, three of 0.5° and 10 of 1°). Our results support the assumptions about the influence of the grid size, since a smaller number of CA were identified for the 0.25° grids (02 CA), whereas by increasing the size of the units, there was an increase in the number of the areas of endemism (10 CA of 1°). Despite different levels of geographical congruence, the areas of endemism located in the BAF described elsewhere are corroborate, all or part of them. The overlap of these CA allowed the definition of three generalized areas of endemism: Southeast, Central and Southwest. These generalized areas encompassed habitats with great environmental variety, potentially influencing the levels of endemism of species of dung beetles. Furthermore, they were corroborated by other areas of endemism described in the literature, allowing us to argue that processes forming these regions have influenced dung beetle species as described for other groups of organisms.
RESUMO Nossos objetivos foram determinar se o padrão de distribuição geográfica de besouros rola-bostas na Mata Atlântica Brasileira (MAB), no sudeste do Brasil, permite a identificação das áreas de endemismo nesse bioma, como o número e os limites das áreas de endemismo variam com a escala espacial usada na análise, se as áreas de endemismo aqui identificadas são consistentes com propostas anteriores descritas na literatura. Utilizamos a análise de endemicidade (NDM) sobre os padrões de distribuição de 198 espécies e subespécies de besouros rola-bostas, a fim de identificar áreas de endemismo em grades de 0,25°x0,25°, 0,5°x0, 5° e 1°x1°. Foram identificadas 15 áreas de consenso (AC) com os diferentes tamanhos de quadrículas empregados (duas de 0,25°, três de 0,5° e 10 do 1°). Nossos resultados corroboram as premissas sobre a influência do tamanho da grade, uma vez que um número menor de AC foi identificado nas quadrículas de 0,25° (02 AC), enquanto que ao aumentar o tamanho das unidades, houve um aumento no número de áreas de endemismo (10 AC do 1°). Apesar de diferentes níveis de congruência geográfica, as áreas de endemismo localizadas no MAB descritas em outros trabalhos são corroboradas, total ou parcialmente. A sobreposição dessas AC permitiu a definição de três áreas generalizadas de endemismo: Sudeste, Central e Sudoeste. Essas áreas generalizadas englobaram habitats com grande variedade ambiental, influenciando potencialmente os níveis de endemismo de espécies de besouros. Além disso, eles foram corroborados por outras áreas de endemismo descritas na literatura, permitindo argumentar que os processos que formam essas regiões influenciaram as espécies de besouros como descrito para outros grupos de organismos.
Resumo
Our goals were to determine whether the pattern of geographical distribution of dung beetles in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), Southeast Brazil, supports the identification of the areas of endemism in this biome, how the number and boundaries of the areas of endemism vary with the spatial scale used in the analysis, if the areas of endemism identified here are consistent with previous proposals described in the literature. We used the analysis of endemicity (NDM) on the distributional patterns of 198 species and subspecies of dung beetles in order to identify areas of endemism into grids of 0.25°x0.25°, 0.5°x0.5° and 1°x1°. A total of 15 consensus areas (CA) were identified with the different grid sizes employed (two of 0.25°, three of 0.5° and 10 of 1°). Our results support the assumptions about the influence of the grid size, since a smaller number of CA were identified for the 0.25° grids (02 CA), whereas by increasing the size of the units, there was an increase in the number of the areas of endemism (10 CA of 1°). Despite different levels of geographical congruence, the areas of endemism located in the BAF described elsewhere are corroborate, all or part of them. The overlap of these CA allowed the definition of three generalized areas of endemism: Southeast, Central and Southwest. These generalized areas encompassed habitats with great environmental variety, potentially influencing the levels of endemism of species of dung beetles. Furthermore, they were corroborated by other areas of endemism described in the literature, allowing us to argue that processes forming these regions have influenced dung beetle species as described for other groups of organisms.(AU)
Nossos objetivos foram determinar se o padrão de distribuição geográfica de besouros rola-bostas na Mata Atlântica Brasileira (MAB), no sudeste do Brasil, permite a identificação das áreas de endemismo nesse bioma, como o número e os limites das áreas de endemismo variam com a escala espacial usada na análise, se as áreas de endemismo aqui identificadas são consistentes com propostas anteriores descritas na literatura. Utilizamos a análise de endemicidade (NDM) sobre os padrões de distribuição de 198 espécies e subespécies de besouros rola-bostas, a fim de identificar áreas de endemismo em grades de 0,25°x0,25°, 0,5°x0, 5° e 1°x1°. Foram identificadas 15 áreas de consenso (AC) com os diferentes tamanhos de quadrículas empregados (duas de 0,25°, três de 0,5° e 10 do 1°). Nossos resultados corroboram as premissas sobre a influência do tamanho da grade, uma vez que um número menor de AC foi identificado nas quadrículas de 0,25° (02 AC), enquanto que ao aumentar o tamanho das unidades, houve um aumento no número de áreas de endemismo (10 AC do 1°). Apesar de diferentes níveis de congruência geográfica, as áreas de endemismo localizadas no MAB descritas em outros trabalhos são corroboradas, total ou parcialmente. A sobreposição dessas AC permitiu a definição de três áreas generalizadas de endemismo: Sudeste, Central e Sudoeste. Essas áreas generalizadas englobaram habitats com grande variedade ambiental, influenciando potencialmente os níveis de endemismo de espécies de besouros. Além disso, eles foram corroborados por outras áreas de endemismo descritas na literatura, permitindo argumentar que os processos que formam essas regiões influenciaram as espécies de besouros como descrito para outros grupos de organismos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/classificação , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças Endêmicas , FilogeografiaResumo
Our goals were to determine whether the pattern of geographical distribution of dung beetles in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), Southeast Brazil, supports the identification of the areas of endemism in this biome, how the number and boundaries of the areas of endemism vary with the spatial scale used in the analysis, if the areas of endemism identified here are consistent with previous proposals described in the literature. We used the analysis of endemicity (NDM) on the distributional patterns of 198 species and subspecies of dung beetles in order to identify areas of endemism into grids of 0.25°x0.25°, 0.5°x0.5° and 1°x1°. A total of 15 consensus areas (CA) were identified with the different grid sizes employed (two of 0.25°, three of 0.5° and 10 of 1°). Our results support the assumptions about the influence of the grid size, since a smaller number of CA were identified for the 0.25° grids (02 CA), whereas by increasing the size of the units, there was an increase in the number of the areas of endemism (10 CA of 1°). Despite different levels of geographical congruence, the areas of endemism located in the BAF described elsewhere are corroborate, all or part of them. The overlap of these CA allowed the definition of three generalized areas of endemism: Southeast, Central and Southwest. These generalized areas encompassed habitats with great environmental variety, potentially influencing the levels of endemism of species of dung beetles. Furthermore, they were corroborated by other areas of endemism described in the literature, allowing us to argue that processes forming these regions have influenced dung beetle species as described for other groups of organisms.
Nossos objetivos foram determinar se o padrão de distribuição geográfica de besouros rola-bostas na Mata Atlântica Brasileira (MAB), no sudeste do Brasil, permite a identificação das áreas de endemismo nesse bioma, como o número e os limites das áreas de endemismo variam com a escala espacial usada na análise, se as áreas de endemismo aqui identificadas são consistentes com propostas anteriores descritas na literatura. Utilizamos a análise de endemicidade (NDM) sobre os padrões de distribuição de 198 espécies e subespécies de besouros rola-bostas, a fim de identificar áreas de endemismo em grades de 0,25°x0,25°, 0,5°x0, 5° e 1°x1°. Foram identificadas 15 áreas de consenso (AC) com os diferentes tamanhos de quadrículas empregados (duas de 0,25°, três de 0,5° e 10 do 1°). Nossos resultados corroboram as premissas sobre a influência do tamanho da grade, uma vez que um número menor de AC foi identificado nas quadrículas de 0,25° (02 AC), enquanto que ao aumentar o tamanho das unidades, houve um aumento no número de áreas de endemismo (10 AC do 1°). Apesar de diferentes níveis de congruência geográfica, as áreas de endemismo localizadas no MAB descritas em outros trabalhos são corroboradas, total ou parcialmente. A sobreposição dessas AC permitiu a definição de três áreas generalizadas de endemismo: Sudeste, Central e Sudoeste. Essas áreas generalizadas englobaram habitats com grande variedade ambiental, influenciando potencialmente os níveis de endemismo de espécies de besouros. Além disso, eles foram corroborados por outras áreas de endemismo descritas na literatura, permitindo argumentar que os processos que formam essas regiões influenciaram as espécies de besouros como descrito para outros grupos de organismos.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/classificação , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças EndêmicasResumo
A new species of Canthon is described, illustrated and the morphological similarities with related species are discussed. The species Canthon cleidecostae was named after Dr. Cleide Costa a great beetles specialist. The subgeneric category of species is considered incertae sedis until the taxonomic revision of the genus Canthon is fully addressed. Also, we provide a key for genera, subgenera and isolated species-groups that can be confused with the genus Canthon.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/anatomia & histologia , Besouros/classificação , América do Sul , ClassificaçãoResumo
A new species of Canthon is described, illustrated and the morphological similarities with related species are discussed. The species Canthon cleidecostae was named after Dr. Cleide Costa a great beetles specialist. The subgeneric category of species is considered incertae sedis until the taxonomic revision of the genus Canthon is fully addressed. Also, we provide a key for genera, subgenera and isolated species-groups that can be confused with the genus Canthon.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/anatomia & histologia , Besouros/classificação , América do Sul , ClassificaçãoResumo
ABSTRACT Dung beetle species were collected between May 2016 and July 2017 with pitfall traps baited with human feces in four Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. We sampled 5,535 individuals belonging to 46 species. Canthidium aff. trinodosum (20.71%), Eurysternus parallelus Castelnau, 1840 (14.82%), Onthophagus catharinensis Paulian, 1936 (12.09%), Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (7.61 %), Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789) (7.49%), and Canthon rutilans cyanescens Harold, 1868 (7.22%) were the most abundant species, which represented 70% of the individuals sampled. Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve had the higher richness and Morro do Cerrito the higher abundance, while Val Feltrina presented the lowest values. The greatest similarity occurred between Turvo State Park and Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve, while Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve and Val Feltrina had the lowest similarity. Only 11 species (23.9%) occurred in all sites, while 14 species were restricted to only one of the fragments. Both abundance and richness of dung beetles were positively correlated with site temperature but not with precipitation.
RESUMO Espécies de rola-bostas foram coletadas entre maio de 2016 e julho de 2017 com armadilhas de queda iscadas com fezes humanas em quatro localidades de Mata Atlântica com diferentes níveis de perturbação no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Foram amostrados 5.535 indivíduos pertencentes a 46 espécies. Canthidium aff. trinodosum (20,71%), Eurysternus parallelus Castelnau, 1840 (14,82%), Onthophagus catharinensis Paulian, 1936 (12,09%), Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (7,61%), Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789) (7,49%) e Canthon rutilans cyanescens Harold, 1868 (7,22%) foram as espécies mais abundantes, que representaram 70% dos indivíduos amostrados. A Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes teve a maior riqueza e o Morro do Cerrito a maior abundância, enquanto Val Feltrina apresentou os menores valores. A maior similaridade ocorreu entre o Parque Estadual do Turvo e a Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes, enquanto a Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes e a Val Feltrina tiveram a menor similaridade. Apenas 11 espécies (23,9%) ocorreram em todos os locais, enquanto 14 espécies foram restritas a apenas um dos fragmentos. Tanto a riqueza como a abundância de Scarabaeinae foram positivamente correlacionadas com a temperatura do local, mas não com a precipitação.
Resumo
Dung beetle species were collected between May 2016 and July 2017 with pitfall traps baited with human feces in four Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. We sampled 5,535 individuals belonging to 46 species. Canthidium aff. trinodosum (20.71%), Eurysternus parallelus Castelnau, 1840 (14.82%), Onthophagus catharinensis Paulian, 1936 (12.09%), Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (7.61 %), Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789) (7.49%), and Canthon rutilans cyanescens Harold, 1868 (7.22%) were the most abundant species, which represented 70% of the individuals sampled. Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve had the higher richness and Morro do Cerrito the higher abundance, while Val Feltrina presented the lowest values. The greatest similarity occurred between Turvo State Park and Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve, while Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve and Val Feltrina had the lowest similarity. Only 11 species (23.9%) occurred in all sites, while 14 species were restricted to only one of the fragments. Both abundance and richness of dung beetles were positively correlated with site temperature but not with precipitation.(AU)
Espécies de rola-bostas foram coletadas entre maio de 2016 e julho de 2017 com armadilhas de queda iscadas com fezes humanas em quatro localidades de Mata Atlântica com diferentes níveis de perturbação no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Foram amostrados 5.535 indivíduos pertencentes a 46 espécies. Canthidium aff. trinodosum (20,71%), Eurysternus parallelus Castelnau, 1840 (14,82%), Onthophagus catharinensis Paulian, 1936 (12,09%), Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (7,61%), Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789) (7,49%) e Canthon rutilans cyanescens Harold, 1868 (7,22%) foram as espécies mais abundantes, que representaram 70% dos indivíduos amostrados. A Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes teve a maior riqueza e o Morro do Cerrito a maior abundância, enquanto Val Feltrina apresentou os menores valores. A maior similaridade ocorreu entre o Parque Estadual do Turvo e a Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes, enquanto a Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes e a Val Feltrina tiveram a menor similaridade. Apenas 11 espécies (23,9%) ocorreram em todos os locais, enquanto 14 espécies foram restritas a apenas um dos fragmentos. Tanto a riqueza como a abundância de Scarabaeinae foram positivamente correlacionadas com a temperatura do local, mas não com a precipitação.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/classificação , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Análise Espaço-Temporal , BiodiversidadeResumo
Dung beetle species were collected between May 2016 and July 2017 with pitfall traps baited with human feces in four Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. We sampled 5,535 individuals belonging to 46 species. Canthidium aff. trinodosum (20.71%), Eurysternus parallelus Castelnau, 1840 (14.82%), Onthophagus catharinensis Paulian, 1936 (12.09%), Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (7.61 %), Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789) (7.49%), and Canthon rutilans cyanescens Harold, 1868 (7.22%) were the most abundant species, which represented 70% of the individuals sampled. Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve had the higher richness and Morro do Cerrito the higher abundance, while Val Feltrina presented the lowest values. The greatest similarity occurred between Turvo State Park and Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve, while Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve and Val Feltrina had the lowest similarity. Only 11 species (23.9%) occurred in all sites, while 14 species were restricted to only one of the fragments. Both abundance and richness of dung beetles were positively correlated with site temperature but not with precipitation.
Espécies de rola-bostas foram coletadas entre maio de 2016 e julho de 2017 com armadilhas de queda iscadas com fezes humanas em quatro localidades de Mata Atlântica com diferentes níveis de perturbação no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Foram amostrados 5.535 indivíduos pertencentes a 46 espécies. Canthidium aff. trinodosum (20,71%), Eurysternus parallelus Castelnau, 1840 (14,82%), Onthophagus catharinensis Paulian, 1936 (12,09%), Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (7,61%), Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789) (7,49%) e Canthon rutilans cyanescens Harold, 1868 (7,22%) foram as espécies mais abundantes, que representaram 70% dos indivíduos amostrados. A Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes teve a maior riqueza e o Morro do Cerrito a maior abundância, enquanto Val Feltrina apresentou os menores valores. A maior similaridade ocorreu entre o Parque Estadual do Turvo e a Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes, enquanto a Reserva Biológica Moreno Fortes e a Val Feltrina tiveram a menor similaridade. Apenas 11 espécies (23,9%) ocorreram em todos os locais, enquanto 14 espécies foram restritas a apenas um dos fragmentos. Tanto a riqueza como a abundância de Scarabaeinae foram positivamente correlacionadas com a temperatura do local, mas não com a precipitação.
Assuntos
Animais , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Besouros/classificação , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , BiodiversidadeResumo
β-diversity is a key measure to understand biodiversity patterns across spatial and temporal scales.In this study, two published datasets on dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) from Brazilian Pampa arere-analyzed aiming to investigate the role of β-diversity process-related components based on compositionandabundance-based approaches for both spatial (grassland-forest ecotone) and temporal (samplings along ayear) scales. Dung beetles were sampled in a grassland-forest ecotone in October 2006 and in a grassland areamonthly during an entire year (December 2006 to November 2007), using baited pitfall traps. β-diversity wasdecomposed into turnover and nestedness-resultant components based on Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient,and also into balanced variation in abundance and abundance gradients based on Bray-Curtis dissimilaritycoefficient. Both environmental (spatial scale) and climatic (temporal scale) differences affected dung beetlessimilarly in terms of species replacement and nestedness patterns, and similarly in terms of variation in abundanceand abundance gradients. For both spatial and temporal approach, the species turnover and the variationin species abundances were higher, while nestedness patterns and abundance gradients were of minorrelative importance.
A diversidade β é uma medida chave para compreenderos padrões de biodiversidade em escalas espaciais e temporais. Neste estudo, são reanalisados dois conjuntosde dados publicados sobre escarabeíneos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) do Pampa Brasileiro, com o objetivode investigar o papel dos componentes da diversidade β relacionados a processos com base em abordagensbaseadas em composição e abundância, tanto para escala espaciais (ecótono campo-floresta) e temporais(amostragens ao longo de um ano). Os escarabeíneos foram amostrados em um ecótono de campo-florestaem outubro de 2006 e em uma área de campo mensalmente durante um ano inteiro (dezembro de 2006 anovembro de 2007), usando armadilhas de queda iscadas. A diversidade β foi decomposta em seus componentesde turnover e aninhamento com base no coeficiente de dissimilaridade de Jaccard e também em variaçãobalanceada de abundância e gradientes de abundância com base no coeficiente de dissimilaridade de Bray--Curtis. As diferenças ambientais (escala espacial) e climáticas (escala temporal) afetaram os escarabeíneos similarmente em termos de substituição de espécies e padrões de aninhamento, e similarmente em termosde variação de abundância e gradientes de abundância. Tanto para a abordagem espacial quanto temporal, asubstituição das espécies e a variação na abundância das espécies foram maiores, enquanto que os padrões deaninhamento e os gradientes de abundância foram de menor importância relativa.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/genética , Biodiversidade , Clima , Distribuição Animal , Meio AmbienteResumo
β-diversity is a key measure to understand biodiversity patterns across spatial and temporal scales.In this study, two published datasets on dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) from Brazilian Pampa arere-analyzed aiming to investigate the role of β-diversity process-related components based on compositionandabundance-based approaches for both spatial (grassland-forest ecotone) and temporal (samplings along ayear) scales. Dung beetles were sampled in a grassland-forest ecotone in October 2006 and in a grassland areamonthly during an entire year (December 2006 to November 2007), using baited pitfall traps. β-diversity wasdecomposed into turnover and nestedness-resultant components based on Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient,and also into balanced variation in abundance and abundance gradients based on Bray-Curtis dissimilaritycoefficient. Both environmental (spatial scale) and climatic (temporal scale) differences affected dung beetlessimilarly in terms of species replacement and nestedness patterns, and similarly in terms of variation in abundanceand abundance gradients. For both spatial and temporal approach, the species turnover and the variationin species abundances were higher, while nestedness patterns and abundance gradients were of minorrelative importance.(AU)
A diversidade β é uma medida chave para compreenderos padrões de biodiversidade em escalas espaciais e temporais. Neste estudo, são reanalisados dois conjuntosde dados publicados sobre escarabeíneos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) do Pampa Brasileiro, com o objetivode investigar o papel dos componentes da diversidade β relacionados a processos com base em abordagensbaseadas em composição e abundância, tanto para escala espaciais (ecótono campo-floresta) e temporais(amostragens ao longo de um ano). Os escarabeíneos foram amostrados em um ecótono de campo-florestaem outubro de 2006 e em uma área de campo mensalmente durante um ano inteiro (dezembro de 2006 anovembro de 2007), usando armadilhas de queda iscadas. A diversidade β foi decomposta em seus componentesde turnover e aninhamento com base no coeficiente de dissimilaridade de Jaccard e também em variaçãobalanceada de abundância e gradientes de abundância com base no coeficiente de dissimilaridade de Bray--Curtis. As diferenças ambientais (escala espacial) e climáticas (escala temporal) afetaram os escarabeíneos similarmente em termos de substituição de espécies e padrões de aninhamento, e similarmente em termosde variação de abundância e gradientes de abundância. Tanto para a abordagem espacial quanto temporal, asubstituição das espécies e a variação na abundância das espécies foram maiores, enquanto que os padrões deaninhamento e os gradientes de abundância foram de menor importância relativa.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Biodiversidade , Besouros/genética , Meio Ambiente , Clima , Distribuição AnimalResumo
ABSTRACT In this study we present an updated checklist of species of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae, occurrying in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. One hundred and eighteen species are reported and associated with ecosystems or antropized habitat within the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
RESUMO Apresenta-se nesse estudo uma lista atualizada das espécies de besouros rola-bostas reportadas para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Cento e dezoito espécies são reportadas, e associadas aos ecossistemas ou hábitats antropizados em que ocorrem no estado.
Resumo
In this study we present an updated checklist of species of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae, occurrying in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. One hundred and eighteen species are reported and associated with ecosystems or antropized habitat within the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.(AU)
Apresenta-se nesse estudo uma lista atualizada das espécies de besouros rola-bostas reportadas para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Cento e dezoito espécies são reportadas, e associadas aos ecossistemas ou hábitats antropizados em que ocorrem no estado.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros , Grupos de População Animal , BrasilResumo
In this study we present an updated checklist of species of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae, occurrying in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. One hundred and eighteen species are reported and associated with ecosystems or antropized habitat within the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
Apresenta-se nesse estudo uma lista atualizada das espécies de besouros rola-bostas reportadas para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Cento e dezoito espécies são reportadas, e associadas aos ecossistemas ou hábitats antropizados em que ocorrem no estado.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros , Brasil , Grupos de População AnimalResumo
ABSTRACT The Caatinga is an endemic and threatened dry-forest biome distributed across northern Brazil. We evaluated the conservation value of a Caatinga Natural Reserve (NR) - Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Contendas do Sincorá - using Scarabaeinae dung beetles as a biodiversity indicator. Specifically, we contrasted two zones impacted by two distinct intensity of selective logging that happened inside the NR until 1997. Dung beetles were collected 14 years after logging, using baited pitfall traps within three main habitats (riparian forest, regenerating Caatinga or arboreal Caatinga) found in two zones (Preservation and Management Zones). A total of 1,214 individuals from 21 species were sampled. The two zones presented distinct species composition, although the habitats did not exhibit such differences. Our results indicated that the secondary areas are in a conservation status similar to arboreal Caatinga and riparian forest, 14 y after logging. Furthermore, we identified seven habitat-indicator species, two of them typical to Caatinga biome, highlighting the importance of updates in NR management plan considering the Scarabaeinae regional diversity management.
RESUMO A Caatinga é um bioma endêmico e ameaçado de floresta seca distribuída ao longo do Nordeste do Brasil. Nós avaliamos a importância conservacionista da unidade de conservação (UC) Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Contendas do Sincorá - utilizando besouros escarabeíneos como indicador da biodiversidade. Especificamente, nós contrastamos duas zonas com diferentes intensidades de impacto por corte seletivo que ocorreu no território da UC até 1997. Os besouros foram coletados 14 anos após o término o corte seletivo, através de armadilhas tipo pitfall iscadas, em três habitats principais da UC (mata ciliar, Caatinga em regeneração e Caatinga arbórea) encontrados em duas zonas (Zona de Preservação e de Manejo). Um total de 1.214 indivíduos de 21 espécies foi amostrados. As duas zonas apresentaram composições de espécies distintas, entretanto os habitats não apresentaram tais diferenças. Nossos resultados indicam que as áreas secundárias estão em um estado de conservação similares às de Caatinga arbórea e mata ciliar após 14 anos de corte. Além disso, nós identificamos sete espécies indicadoras de habitat, duas delas típicas do bioma da Caatinga, destacando a importância de reformulação do plano de manejo da UC considerando a manutenção da diversidade regional dos Scarabaeinae.