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1.
Anim. Reprod. (Online) ; 12(1): 7-23, Jan.-Mar.2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461139

Resumo

Efferent ductules are small, delicate tubules that connect rete testis with the head of the epididymis, first identified by de Graaf in 1668. Although difficult to find in routine dissection, the ductules are an essential component of the male reproductive tract and in larger mammals occupy up more than 50% of the caput epididymidis. My introduction to research began with the study of efferent ductules in the domestic turkey, and to my surprise these small structures with kidney-like function become the core for numerous discoveries throughout my scientific career. In this review, only two discoveries that I found interesting will be discussed: cilia that line the efferent ductule lumen and estrogen receptors that play an essential role in regulating fluid reabsorption. A potential link between these two discoveries was uncovered in the study of efferent ductule effects observed in the estrogen receptor knockout mouse and following toxic exposure to the fungicide benomyl.


Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Perus/anatomia & histologia , Perus/fisiologia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/análise , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/fisiologia , Fármacos para a Fertilidade
2.
Anim. Reprod. ; 12(1): 7-23, Jan.-Mar.2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-745421

Resumo

Efferent ductules are small, delicate tubules that connect rete testis with the head of the epididymis, first identified by de Graaf in 1668. Although difficult to find in routine dissection, the ductules are an essential component of the male reproductive tract and in larger mammals occupy up more than 50% of the caput epididymidis. My introduction to research began with the study of efferent ductules in the domestic turkey, and to my surprise these small structures with kidney-like function become the core for numerous discoveries throughout my scientific career. In this review, only two discoveries that I found interesting will be discussed: cilia that line the efferent ductule lumen and estrogen receptors that play an essential role in regulating fluid reabsorption. A potential link between these two discoveries was uncovered in the study of efferent ductule effects observed in the estrogen receptor knockout mouse and following toxic exposure to the fungicide benomyl.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Perus/anatomia & histologia , Perus/fisiologia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/análise , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/fisiologia , Fármacos para a Fertilidade
3.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1490036

Resumo

Epididymal lithiasis (EL) histopathology is described using light and electronic microscopy in roosters (Gallus gallus domesticus) naturally affected by EL in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The histologic and morphological changes by EL in roosters was performed regarding cellular and subcellular details through light and electron microscopy. Efferent ductules epithelium lysosomal increase in size and numbers, membrane rupture, cellular vacuolation, ciliary loss, basal membrane degeneration, inflammatory reaction with mononuclear infiltrations, edema, epithelial and vascular endothelium losses were described. All industrial and freerange chickens showed EL in varying degrees in the efferent ductules (ED). However, ED altered areas did not correlate with the presence of luminal stones. Non-ciliated ED epithelium cells presented several atypically large lysosomes. Plicae loss and basal vacuoles were observed in the epithelium of dilated regions. Cellular cilia loss and apical cytoplasmic membrane rupture resulted in leakage of the cytoplasmic contents to the ED lumen, and ED epithelium desquamation occurred with or without lesion to the basal membrane. Basal membrane alterations were associated with profound sub-epithelial connective tissue damage. Aggregations of desquamated epithelium and spermatozoa were seen in the lumen of ED and compact aggregates were considered the basis for calculi formation. The widespread occurrence and high severity of EL lesions are indicative of the importance of EL as a cause of infertility in male chickens.

4.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-718070

Resumo

Epididymal lithiasis (EL) histopathology is described using light and electronic microscopy in roosters (Gallus gallus domesticus) naturally affected by EL in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The histologic and morphological changes by EL in roosters was performed regarding cellular and subcellular details through light and electron microscopy. Efferent ductules epithelium lysosomal increase in size and numbers, membrane rupture, cellular vacuolation, ciliary loss, basal membrane degeneration, inflammatory reaction with mononuclear infiltrations, edema, epithelial and vascular endothelium losses were described. All industrial and freerange chickens showed EL in varying degrees in the efferent ductules (ED). However, ED altered areas did not correlate with the presence of luminal stones. Non-ciliated ED epithelium cells presented several atypically large lysosomes. Plicae loss and basal vacuoles were observed in the epithelium of dilated regions. Cellular cilia loss and apical cytoplasmic membrane rupture resulted in leakage of the cytoplasmic contents to the ED lumen, and ED epithelium desquamation occurred with or without lesion to the basal membrane. Basal membrane alterations were associated with profound sub-epithelial connective tissue damage. Aggregations of desquamated epithelium and spermatozoa were seen in the lumen of ED and compact aggregates were considered the basis for calculi formation. The widespread occurrence and high severity of EL lesions are indicative of the importance of EL as a cause of infertility in male chickens.

5.
R. bras. Ci. avíc. ; 16(1): 29-34, Jan.-Mar. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-16063

Resumo

Epididymal lithiasis (EL) histopathology is described using light and electronic microscopy in roosters (Gallus gallus domesticus) naturally affected by EL in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The histologic and morphological changes by EL in roosters was performed regarding cellular and subcellular details through light and electron microscopy. Efferent ductules epithelium lysosomal increase in size and numbers, membrane rupture, cellular vacuolation, ciliary loss, basal membrane degeneration, inflammatory reaction with mononuclear infiltrations, edema, epithelial and vascular endothelium losses were described. All industrial and freerange chickens showed EL in varying degrees in the efferent ductules (ED). However, ED altered areas did not correlate with the presence of luminal stones. Non-ciliated ED epithelium cells presented several atypically large lysosomes. Plicae loss and basal vacuoles were observed in the epithelium of dilated regions. Cellular cilia loss and apical cytoplasmic membrane rupture resulted in leakage of the cytoplasmic contents to the ED lumen, and ED epithelium desquamation occurred with or without lesion to the basal membrane. Basal membrane alterations were associated with profound sub-epithelial connective tissue damage. Aggregations of desquamated epithelium and spermatozoa were seen in the lumen of ED and compact aggregates were considered the basis for calculi formation. The widespread occurrence and high severity of EL lesions are indicative of the importance of EL as a cause of infertility in male chickens.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/imunologia , Litíase/classificação , Histologia
6.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 33(4): 487-492, Out.-Dec. 2011.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460679

Resumo

The reproductive system of male Phrynops geoffroanus adults is macroscopically described and the variation in testicular biometry is evaluated. A pair of oval testes is connected by the efferent ductules to the epididymis, which continue as deferent ducts, which emerge in the penis. The volume of the gonads showed the highest averages during spring and summer months. GSI varied significantly throughout the year, with the highest averages observed in the months that correspond to the end of spring and the beginning of summer, when the reproduction of the species takes place, and the lowest averages were seen in winter, suggesting a cyclical testicular activity.


The reproductive system of male Phrynops geoffroanus adults is macroscopically described and the variation in testicular biometry is evaluated. A pair of oval testes is connected by the efferent ductules to the epididymis, which continue as deferent ducts, which emerge in the penis. The volume of the gonads showed the highest averages during spring and summer months. GSI varied significantly throughout the year, with the highest averages observed in the months that correspond to the end of spring and the beginning of summer, when the reproduction of the species takes place, and the lowest averages were seen in winter, suggesting a cyclical testicular activity.

7.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 33(4): 487-492, Out.-Dec. 2011. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-868153

Resumo

The reproductive system of male Phrynops geoffroanus adults is macroscopically described and the variation in testicular biometry is evaluated. A pair of oval testes is connected by the efferent ductules to the epididymis, which continue as deferent ducts, which emerge in the penis. The volume of the gonads showed the highest averages during spring and summer months. GSI varied significantly throughout the year, with the highest averages observed in the months that correspond to the end of spring and the beginning of summer, when the reproduction of the species takes place, and the lowest averages were seen in winter, suggesting a cyclical testicular activity.


O sistema reprodutor de machos adultos de Phrynops geoffroanus é descrito macroscopicamente e a variação da biometria testicular é avaliada. Um par de testículos ovais está conectado pelos dúctulos eferentes aos epidídimos, que se continuam como ductos deferentes, e que por sua vez desembocam no pênis. O volume das gônadas apresentou as maiores médias durante os meses de primavera e verão. O IGS variou significativamente ao longo do ano, com maiores médias observadas nos meses que correspondem ao final da primavera e início do verão, quando ocorre a reprodução da espécie, e as menores médias durante o inverno, sugerindo uma atividade testicular cíclica.


Assuntos
Animais , Pênis , Testículo , Tartarugas , Sistema Urogenital , Ducto Deferente , Epididimo
8.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 41(2): 92-97, mar.-abr. 2004. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-4992

Resumo

The epididymal region of the domestic duck is composed by efferent ductules, whose histotopology was characterized by the proximal and distal ductules and sequentially by the epididymal duct. The epithelial lining of the efferent ductules was ciliated pseudostratified and formed by columnar cells. Also the ducts epididymidis epithelium was pseudostratified but non-ciliated. Concerning the histomorphometric analysis, the epithelial height mean was significantly greater in the distal efferent ductules, differing from the lower epithelium height mean observed in proximal efferent ductules and epididymal duct. The maximum and minimum diameter mean were significantly greater in the proximal efferent ductules, comparatively to the same diameter means of the other ductules. (AU)


A região epididimária do pato doméstico era composta pelos ductúlos eferentes, os quais hitotopologicamente foram caracterizados como dúctulos eferentes proximal e distal e, sequencialmente, pelo ducto epididimal. O epitélio dos dúctulos eferentes era pseudo-estratificado, formado por células colunares. O epitélio dos ductos epididimários mostrou-se também pseudo-estratificado, mas não ciliado. De acordo com as análises histomorfométricas, a média da altura epitelial foi significativamente maior nos dútulos esferentes distais, diferindo das baixas médias de altura epitelial observadas nos dúctulos eferentes proximais e ducto epididimal. A média dos diâmetros máximos e mínimos foi significativamente maior nos dúctulos eferentes proximais, comparativamente as médias dos mesmos diâmetros dos outros dúctulos. (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Epididimo/anatomia & histologia , Aves Domésticas/anatomia & histologia
9.
Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. ; 33(4): 487-492, 2011.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-725603

Resumo

The reproductive system of male Phrynops geoffroanus adults is macroscopically described and the variation in testicular biometry is evaluated. A pair of oval testes is connected by the efferent ductules to the epididymis, which continue as deferent ducts, which emerge in the penis. The volume of the gonads showed the highest averages during spring and summer months. GSI varied significantly throughout the year, with the highest averages observed in the months that correspond to the end of spring and the beginning of summer, when the reproduction of the species takes place, and the lowest averages were seen in winter, suggesting a cyclical testicular activity.


The reproductive system of male Phrynops geoffroanus adults is macroscopically described and the variation in testicular biometry is evaluated. A pair of oval testes is connected by the efferent ductules to the epididymis, which continue as deferent ducts, which emerge in the penis. The volume of the gonads showed the highest averages during spring and summer months. GSI varied significantly throughout the year, with the highest averages observed in the months that correspond to the end of spring and the beginning of summer, when the reproduction of the species takes place, and the lowest averages were seen in winter, suggesting a cyclical testicular activity.

10.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 38(3): 114-121, 2001.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-710429

Resumo

The structure of the ductuli efferentes in the epididymis of the dog were studied by light microscopy. The efferent ductules connect the rete testis and the initial segment of the epididymis. Their epididymal segment is lined by a low simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium, which show basically nonciliated and ciliated cells. The morphological characteristics of ductuli efferentes are discussed in this report.


A estrutura dos dúctulos eferentes no epidídimo do cão foi estudada através de microscopia óptica. Os dúctulos eferentes conectam a rede testicular com o segmento inicial do epidídimo. Os eferentes epididimários são revestidos por epitélio baixo do tipo cúbico ou cilíndrico simples, constituído por dois tipos celulares: células ciliadas e não-ciliadas. As características morfológicas dos eferentes são discutidas.

11.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 38(3): 114-121, 2001.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1470556

Resumo

The structure of the ductuli efferentes in the epididymis of the dog were studied by light microscopy. The efferent ductules connect the rete testis and the initial segment of the epididymis. Their epididymal segment is lined by a low simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium, which show basically nonciliated and ciliated cells. The morphological characteristics of ductuli efferentes are discussed in this report.


A estrutura dos dúctulos eferentes no epidídimo do cão foi estudada através de microscopia óptica. Os dúctulos eferentes conectam a rede testicular com o segmento inicial do epidídimo. Os eferentes epididimários são revestidos por epitélio baixo do tipo cúbico ou cilíndrico simples, constituído por dois tipos celulares: células ciliadas e não-ciliadas. As características morfológicas dos eferentes são discutidas.

12.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 36(6): 283-289, 1999.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-710298

Resumo

A morphometrical study of the cranial, medial and caudal portions of the epididymis from 72 domestic quail was performed during one year, being six epididymides collected each month. The epididymal portions were morphometrically evaluated through five histological slides (7 µm thick) from each bird. The slides were stained by Harris hematoxilin. The morphometrical measures were taken from 4 transversal sections, randomly chosen, from each organs (120 measurements per bird each month). Measures were taken from the epididymal area. The diameter and thickness of the epithelium in the proximal and distal efferent ductules and the epididymal ducts were also measured, using 40x magnification lenses and an image analyzer coupled with a binocular Zeiss microscope. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS computer program. The analyses of the results showed that the caudal portion of the epididymus was significantly larger than the cranial portion when comparing the epididymal area and the major diameter of the distal and epididymal efferent ductules. These data suggested that the caudal portion is more active than the medial and cranial ones, similar to what occurs in mammals.


Estudo morfométrico das porções cranial, média e caudal do epidídimo, no decorrer do ano, foi realizado utilizando-se 72 epidídimos de codornas domésticas, sendo coletados 6 epidídimos por mês. As porções do epidídimo foram avaliadas morfometricamente após a obtenção de 5 lâminas histológicas de 7 µm de espessura, de cada animal, e coradas pela técnica de Hematoxilina de Harris. As medidas morfométricas foram obtidas de 4 secções transversais, escolhidas aleatoriamente, de cada corte, totalizando 120 medidas por animal/mês. Através da objetiva de 40x, foram mensurados área do epidídimo, diâmetro e altura do epitélio de revestimento dos dúctulos eferentes proximais, distais e ductos epididimários com o auxílio de um analisador de imagens acoplado a um microscópio binocular "Zeiss". Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente através de um programa computacional "SAS". Analisando-se os resultados, verificou-se que a porção caudal do epidídimo apresentou-se significativamente maior que a porção cranial em relação à área do epidídimo e o diâmetro máximo do dúctulo eferente distal e epididimário, evidenciando, portanto, que a porção caudal é mais ativa que as porções média e cranial, à semelhança do que ocorre com os mamíferos.

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