Emergências reprodutivas de cadelas e gatas em um hospital veterinário universitário / Reproductives emergencies in female dogs and female cats treated in a teaching veterinary hospital

Emergências obstétricas são comuns na rotina clínica de cães e gatos. Dentre as emergências obstétricas uma das mais importantes é a distocia. De modo geral, a distocia ocorre quando há falha no momento do parto ou na expulsão do feto, sendo que a causa mais comum de distocia nas duas espécies é a inércia uterina primária. Outra emergência obstétrica de ocorrência frequente em cadelas e gatas é a piometra. Esta doença é uma infecção que ocorre no útero, causada por alterações hormonais na fase do diestro dos animais. As duas enfermidades (distocia e piometra) podem ter o envolvimento de anticoncepcionais, tanto nas cadelas como nas gatas. Em relação ao tratamento, na maioria das vezes, as distocias em cadelas e gatas são abordadas por meio da realização de cesarianas. Em piometra, a terapêutica mais efetiva é a realização de ovariohisterectomia. Neste estudo, 43 cadelas e 20 gatas com emergências obstétricas foram monitoradas durante 90 dias. Entre as cadelas, 29 (67,44%; 29/43) apresentaram piometra e 13 (30,23%; 13/43) distocia. Além disso, uma cadela apresentou prolapso vaginal. Entre as gatas, 13 apresentaram distocia (65%; 13/20) e sete (35%; 7/20) piometra. Algumas dessas emergências obstétricas foram relacionadas ao uso de anticoncepcional. Assim, os clínicos veterinários devem desencorajar esta prática e incentivar a castração das fêmeas.

Obstetric emergencies are common in the clinical routine of dogs and cats. One of the most important obstetric emergencies is dystocia. In general, dystocia occurs when there is a failure at the parturition time or expulsion of the fetus, and the most common cause of dystocia in both species is primary uterine inertia. Another frequently occurring obstetric emergency in bitches and cats is piometra. This disease is an infection that occurs in the uterus caused by hormonal changes in the diestrus phase of animals. In both diseases (dystocia and pyometra), contraceptives can be involved in female dogs and cats. Regarding the treatment, most of the time, dystocias in bitches and cats are addressed through cesarean sections. In pyometra, the most effective therapy is to perform ovariohysterectomy. In the present study, 43 female dogs and 20 female cats with emergency obstetric were monitored during 90 days. Among bitches, 29 (67.44%; 29/43) had pyometra, and 13 (30.23%; 13/43) showed dystocia. In addition, one female dog presented vaginal prolapse. Among the cats, 13 had dystocia (65%; 13/20) and seven (35%; 7/20) pyometra. Some of these obstetric emergencies were related to contraceptive use. Thus, veterinary clinicians must discourage this practice and encourage the neutering of females.

Anestesia intravenosa parcial (AIVP) em uma lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) neonata / Partial intravenous anesthesia (PIVA) in a neonate maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Background: The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid in South America and the only representative of its genus. The scientific literature presents studies referring to the management and anaesthesia of the species but is scarce in case of emergency procedures, and to date, there are no reports of anaesthesia for emergency procedures in a neonatal maned wolf. Thus, this study aimed to report xenotransfusion and emergency anaesthesia for thoracic limb amputation in an approximately 8-days-old maned wolf pup. Case: A maned wolf pup, approximately 8-day-old, with a history of an accident with an agricultural machine, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná - Palotina Sector (HVP - UFPR) with a grade III open fracture of left radius and ulna. At the physical evaluation, bullous rales were observed in the right caudal lobe on pulmonary auscultation, hypoglycemia and severe dehydration, the latter being determined by the occurrence of enophthalmos, increased capillary refill time and skin turgor (3 s). The hemogram revealed regenerative hypochromic macrocytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and the chest radiograph showed alveolar pattern opacification, associated with the presence of air bronchograms in the caudal lobes, more evident on the right side, suggestive of pulmonary contusion. Considering the laboratory alterations and the need for amputation of the thoracic limb, xenotransfusion was chosen before the anaesthetic procedure. The animal was pre-medicated with methadone 0.2 mg/kg and anaesthetic induction was performed with propofol titrated to effect, requiring 10 mg/kg. This was followed by endotracheal intubation and anaesthetic maintenance using the partial intravenous technique with an infusion of 5 µg/kg/h of remifentanil and Isoflurane vaporised through a non-rebreathing system in oxygen at 0.6. Anaesthetic monitoring included heart rate and electrocardiogram tracing, respiratory rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, systemic blood pressure by the oscillometric method, and oesophageal body temperature. Although the blood tests after the transfusion showed an increase in hematocrit, changes suggestive of a delayed hemolytic reaction because of the transfusion were also noticed. Discussion: Preanesthetic stabilisation is critical, as anaesthesia of unstable patients may result in a higher risk of anaesthetic complications. Critically ill patients may present systemic imbalances that can trigger pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of anaesthetics and analgesics. Neonates have several marked physiological differences, since some organs are still immature, have a high body volume of water, and present a reduced amount of total fat and concentrations of circulating proteins, making it necessary to adjust protocols and doses used for these patients. Blood transfusion between the same species is always the best option, though xenotransfusion becomes an option when there is no homologous donor available. However, it can present a great risk to life, as there is a lack of studies regarding the blood typing of the species and blood compatibility tests. We concluded that there was an increase in hematocrit after 24 h of xenotransfusion and, even with signs of delayed hemolytic reaction observed in the blood test, the patient did not show specific clinical signs of transfusion reaction. The pup was sensitive to methadone but required a high dose of propofol for anaesthetic induction. The use of methadone as a pre-anaesthetic agent and the infusion of remifentanil provided adequate analgesia based on the parameters evaluated.

Ovarian papillary carcinoma in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Neoplasms are among the most impacting disease diagnoses in veterinary medicine and have become increasingly common due to the greater longevity of animals as living conditions improved. The Mongolian gerbil is a small rodent species that has become popular recently. In these animals, the occurrence of neoplastic processes is relatively common, mainly tumors of the ventral gland in males and ovarian tumors in females. This work aims to report an ovarian tumor in a Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards 1867 (Rodentia, Muridae). At the initial presentation, the animal had dyspnea, prostration, and increased abdominal volume in the topography of the right ovary of approximately 2 cm. The animal was submitted to exploratory laparotomy because of the emergency nature of the case and the owners' refusal of additional exams due to financial restrictions. Thus, an ovariohysterectomy was performed, followed by a histopathological examination. The histopathology revealed an ovarian papillary carcinoma affecting both ovaries and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. With surgical removal and drainage of the thoracic fluid, the animal showed good recovery, with general improvement and return to regular activity, with a life expectancy of two years. Currently, the demand for specialized veterinarians for unconventional pets is increasing. This condition allows owners to raise their animals more properly, favoring greater longevity. Knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of diseases in different species is of enormous relevance in establishing the appropriate therapy, improving life quality, and increasing life expectancy in animals' lives.(AU)

Extensive emphysematous pyelonephritis in a nondiabetic female cat - treatment with unilateral nephroureterectomy

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute, severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues that results in gas formation in the kidney, collecting system, or surroundings. EPN is a rare condition in veterinary medicine and occurs most frequently in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Although the prognosis of medical management in animals is poor, the standardized treatment protocol according to EPN severity is unclear. This report describes the first case of a nondiabetic female cat with extensive EPN and good prognosis following direct nephroureterectomy (NU). Case: A 10-year-old spayed female cat presented with the chief complaint of an acute loss of weight within 1 week, vomiting, and disorientation including stumbling, discoordination, circling, wobbling, head tilting, and difficulties in standing. At presentation, the patient had a body condition score of 1/9 and weighed 2.6 kg. Blood examination revealed leukocytosis, anemia, and hypoproteinemia. Abdominal radiography revealed severely decreased serosal details. A massive gas silhouette observed in the peritoneal and retroperitoneal cavities, was diagnosed as abdominal free gas. Abdominal ultrasound showed an accumulation of moderately anechoic fluid mixed with gas and cyst-like capsules around the left kidney. Left partial ureteral obstruction and dilation were also observed. Computed tomography (CT) was performed without sedatives or anesthetic drugs. The findings showed severe inflammatory changes in the peritoneum and a loss of the normal inner structure in the left kidney. A pyelogram of the left kidney was not observed after injection of the contrast material. Diffuse fat stranding and free gas observed in the mesentery of the entire abdominal cavity and around the left kidney were considered septic peritonitis. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria and hematuria. Numerous neutrophils with rod-type bacteria were observed in the ascites. Following diagnostic examinations, the patient was diagnosed with extensive left EPN, including inflammatory ascites and abdominal free gas. Therefore, emergency NU of the nonfunctional left kidney and ruptured ureter and thorough abdominal lavage were conducted. Diffuse inflammation and a nephrolith were observed in the section of the harvested kidney. The nephrolith was composed of 100% calcium oxalate monohydrate. The realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was negative. Escherichia coli was detected in the ascites, and antibiotic therapy was administered following the antibiotic sensitivity test. The histological findings from the left kidney and ureter included marked chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The patient was discharged 4 days after surgery. During the 8-month follow-up period, the patient's condition improved. Discussion: This was a unique case of EPN in a nondiabetic cat and the first reported case of EPN with a ruptured ureter, including abdominal free gas, inflammatory ascites, and peritonitis. This patient had a bacterial urinary tract infection with E. coli, which is the most frequently isolated pathogen in humans. This gas-forming bacteria produced a massive amount of gas and inflammation that were considered to have ruptured the urinary tract, so that the gas was released into the abdomen. This case corresponded to class 3B, with two risk factors according to the human EPN classification system. Direct NU and abdominal lavage were performed as emergency surgeries. The patient stabilized gradually and showed a good prognosis. Immediate surgical intervention is recommended in animal patients showing the extensive EPN stage.

Clinical and epidemiological findings of cecal disorders in horses in the state of Paraíba / Achados clínicos e epidemiológicos dos distúrbios cecais em cavalos no estado da Paraíba

This was a retrospective case study of colic syndrome of cecal origin in 159 horses treated at a reference Veterinary Center between June 2015 and July 2021. The data studied were breed, age, sex, clinical examinations of the initial emergency care, treatment protocols (clinical and/or surgical) and resolution (hospital discharge, euthanasia or death). It was observed that 7.55% (n = 12) of the cases corresponded to colic syndrome of cecal origin, where 75% (n = 9) had heart rate within the physiological range for the species, as well as 50% (n = 6) for capillary refill time values, 33.33% (n = 4) for pink mucosa, 41.67% (n = 5) for rectal temperature, and 16.67% (n = 2) on abdominal auscultation. In 58.34% (n = 7) of patients, pain could be controlled with analgesics, with recurrence in 41.67% (n = 5). All treated cases were cecal impaction, where 58.33% (n = 7) ruptured the cecum. In 75% (n = 9) of the cases, surgical treatment was performed. Regarding the general resolution of cases, 41.67% (n = 5) of the animals were discharged. Therefore, it is concluded that despite the increase in the diagnosis of colic of cecal origin, this disease is still rare (7.55%) and has a high potential for death since there are few clinical alterations, making its early diagnosis difficult.(AU)

Este foi um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de síndrome cólica de origem cecal em 159 cavalos atendidos em um Centro Veterinário de referência entre junho de 2015 e julho de 2021. Os dados estudados foram raça, idade, sexo, exames clínicos do atendimento inicial de emergência, protocolos de tratamento (clínico e/ou cirúrgica) e resolução (alta hospitalar, eutanásia ou óbito). Observou-se que 7,55% (n = 12) dos casos correspondiam à síndrome cólica de origem cecal, onde 75% (n = 9) apresentavam frequência cardíaca dentro da faixa fisiológica para a espécie, assim como 50% (n = 6) para valores de tempo de enchimento capilar, 33,33% (n = 4) para mucosa rosada, 41,67% (n = 5) para temperatura retal e 16,67% (n = 2) para ausculta abdominal. Em 58,34% (n = 7) dos pacientes, a dor pôde ser controlada com analgésicos, com recidiva em 41,67% (n = 5). Todos os casos tratados foram de impactação cecal, onde 58,33% (n = 7) romperam o ceco. Em 75% (n = 9) dos casos, o tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado. Em relação à resolução geral dos casos, 41,67% (n = 5) dos animais tiveram alta. Portanto, conclui-se que apesar do aumento do diagnóstico de cólica de origem cecal, esta enfermidade ainda é rara (7,55%) e apresenta um alto potencial de óbito visto que há poucas alterações clínicas dificultando seu diagnóstico precoce.(AU)

Gastroesophageal foreign bodies in dogs - endoscopy and surgical removal

Background: Gastroesophageal foreign bodies (GFD) are commonly diagnosed in dogs and are considered an endoscopic emergency that, although not resulting in serious clinical sequelae or mortality, can compromise the health and well-being of the patient. The use of the digestive endoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of GFD can be a valuable and viable alternative. There are cases of GFD in dogs for which the indicated treatment is surgery, which can be performed using minimally invasive or conventional techniques, associated or not with flexible endoscopy. The objective of this work is to describe 16 cases of GFD removal in dogs demonstrating the efficiency of upper digestive endoscopy. Cases: Of the 16 GFD cases, 63% (10/16) were male and 37% (6/16) female. Most aged under 1 year (63%), puppies (5/16) and juveniles (5/16). The patient with the lowest body weight was a miniature pinscher weighing 0.8 kg (Case 14) and the heaviest was an American Pit Bull Terrier weighing 28 kg (Case 11), the mean body weight of patients diagnosed with GFD was 10.2 ± 6.7 kg. Small and medium breeds were more affected, 44.7% (7/16) and 44.7% (7/16), respectively, and large breeds (Golden Retrievier and Bull Terrier), from cases 1 and 4, the least affected, 12.6% (2/16) of the cases. The 16 patients underwent a 12 h food fast and a 4 h water fast, as gastrointestinal emptying in these cases of GFD can be influenced by these foreign bodies. All underwent general inhalation anesthesia with monitoring of physiological parameters (temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure) before, during and after EGD, being positioned in left lateral decubitus. The 16 canine patients with suspected GFD underwent EGD for diagnostic confirmation and removal of foreign bodies. Five esophageal FB were diagnosed, 31% (5/16), and 11 gastric FB, 69% (11/16). The most frequently diagnosed foreign bodies were bone and tissue, 37.5% (6/16) and 31% (5/16). Other foreign bodies were materials such as plastics, metals, rubber, foam and stone. Of the 16 cases of GFD, EGD efficiently treated 88% (14/16) without the need for hospitalization, with only supportive treatment for the remission of complications caused by the presence of foreign bodies in the gastroesophageal tract. The main complications related to the presence of GFD were esophagitis in 25% (4/16) of cases, gastritis in 38% (6/16) and both alterations in 13% (2/16). Discussion: In this work, we can observe that more than a third of the clinical cases of treated dogs were diagnosed with GFD, demonstrating that these cases are common in the veterinary clinic. Most of these animals were males less than 1 year old. The improvement of learning in this category can lead these animals to exacerbated oral exploration of new objects. Most FBs were found in the stomach because they were of adequate size, consistency and shape for their passage through the esophagus, whereas esophageal FBs were all bone fragments of rigid consistency with diameters and sizes larger than the esophageal lumen. The interval between the ingestion of the object and the veterinary care can be decisive for the removal of the FB in the esophagus or stomach. Most gastric FBs removed were fabrics and plastics, flexible objects that can pass through the esophageal lumen more easily. Removal of GFD by endoscopy was performed with a high success rate, with only 2 cases being resolved by esophagostomy and gastrotomy. Flexible endoscopy proved to be an efficient technique for removing treated GFD, which can help remove FB during esophagotomy and be associated with rigid endoscopy. Patients recovered quickly and without complications, but it is important to emphasize that inadequate maneuvers and conducts can determine other outcomes. The use of endoscopy for GFD removal needs to be more popularized, as it can ensure better results for dogs treated with GFD.

Hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in cattle submitted to emergency slaughter

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of stress in bovines submitted to emergency slaughter caused by lengthy transportation to slaughterhouses in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Blood collections were performed individually during exsanguinations.Tissue samples were obtained after evisceration on the slaughter line. The animals were divided into the Experimental Group (EG), with 19 bovines destined for immediate emergency slaughter, and the Control Group (CG), with 24 bovines slaughtered normally at the abattoir flow. The EG showed lower values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, neutrophilia with band neutrophils, and lymphopenia. Hyperalbuminemia, high levels of total proteins, glucose, and creatinine, and lower urea levels were observed in the EG. The globulins were equal between the groups. Histopathology revealed hepatocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm (87.5% of the cases) and liver congestion (83.33%). Interstitial emphysema (95.65%), alveolar emphysema (65.21%), and congestion (52.17%) were observed in the lungs. The kidneys showed congestion (80.95%) and hyaline casts (100%). The spleens showed rarefaction in the white (70%) and red pulp (65%), in addition to hemosiderosis (10%). This suggests that the animals transported over long distances are submitted to severe stress, with water and food deprivation, resulting in hematological and biochemical changes, with histological lesions and serious bruises affecting the musculoskeletal system. There is loss of homeostasis, severe debilitation, with destination for emergency slaughter with the conditional use of meat for consumption.(AU)

Evaluation of environmental parameters in a microregion in southern Amazonas State, Brazil, and their relationship with heat stress in dairy cattle / Avaliação de parâmetros ambientais em uma microrregião no sul do estado do Amazonas e suas relações com estresse térmico de bovinos leiteiros

Environmental thermal comfort provides higher efficiency in the exploitation of dairy farming, as the responses of animals to the environment are decisive in the activity's success. This study aimed to evaluate heat stress in dairy cows in the municipality of Humaitá, located in the south of theAmazonas State (AM), Brazil.Air temperature (TA) and relative humidity (RH) data were used to calculate the temperature humidity index (THI) in the dry (August 2020) and rainy seasons (January 2021). The August data were collected at the automatic weather station belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology. The January data were collected by a Hobo® U23-001 thermo-hygrometer installed at Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida. The hourly and monthly means of the data were calculated and, subsequently, boxplots were plotted. TA and RH were 0.65 °C and 0.64% below the provisional climatological normal (PCN), respectively, for August, while January presented 0.77 °C and 3.61% above the PCN, respectively. THI values ranged from 56.25 (comfortable) to 84.68 (emergency) in August and 74.15 (comfortable) to 84.07 (emergency) in January. The maximum THI was observed in August, as well as the largest range. The results allow inferring that heat stress in dairy cows in the municipality of Humaitá-AM presents a state of alert even for cross-breed animals. Thus, the use of shading in pastures is suggested to minimize the effect of heat stress on the productive performance of the animals.(AU)

O conforto térmico ambiental proporciona uma maior eficiência na exploração da pecuária leiteira, pois as respostas do animal ao ambiente são determinantes no sucesso da atividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estresse térmico em vacas leiteiras no município de Humaitá, localizado no sul do estado do Amazonas (AM), Brasil. Foram utilizados dados de temperatura do ar (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (UR) para cálculo do Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) na estação seca (agosto de 2020) e na estação chuvosa (janeiro de 2021). Para o mês de agosto os dados foram coletados na estação meteorológica automática pertencente ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Em janeiro os dados foram coletados com o Termo-higrômetro (Hobo®, modelo U23-001) instalado na Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida. As médias horárias e mensais dos dados foram feitas e, posteriormente, plotados gráficos boxplots. Os dados coletados para os meses do estudo apresentaram a TAe UR para o mês de agosto 0,65ºC e 0,64% abaixo da Normal Climatológica Provisória (NCP), respectivamente. Por outro lado, janeiro apresentou 0,77ºC e 3,61% acima da NCP, respectivamente. Os ITUs variaram entre 56,25 (confortável) e 84,68 (emergência), em agosto e de 74,15 (confortável) a 84,07 (emergência) em janeiro. O máximo ITU foi observado em agosto, bem como a maior amplitude. Baseados nos resultados encontrados pode-se aferir que o estresse térmico em vacas leiteiras no município de Humaitá-AM apresenta estado de alerta, mesmo para animais de raças cruzadas. Assim, sugere-se o uso de sombreamento nas pastagens para minimizar o efeito do estresse térmico no desempenho produtivo destes animais.(AU)

Toxic systemic reaction after bee stings in a bitch

Background: Bee sting poisonings are common in dogs, and toxic systemic presentation may represent a life-threatening condition. Apis mellifera venom is a complex mixture of melitin, apamine, phospholipase, hyaluronidase and degranulating peptides, that causes local injury at the site of inoculation and multiple organ complications, including hemolysis, kidney injury, muscular damage, cardiovascular and respiratory complications. The present work reports a complete and detailed description of a dog's systemic toxic reaction to bee stings, including history, clinical signs, laboratory findings, emergency care and development, as well as possible association with later immunomediated arthritis. Case: A 6-year-old female German Shepperd suffered multiple bee stings. First care was conducted by a veterinary at the site, where he only received promethazine, meloxicam and dexamethasone. After 24 h and significant progression of symptoms, the animal was forwarded to a specialized veterinary hospital. The patient was evaluated throughout 9 days, and presented intense edema, respiratory distress, tongue necrosis and grade II of acute kidney injury. Extensive laboratory exams were conducted throughout the hospitalization. Main laboratory findings included polycythemia, leukocytosis by neutrophilia and monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and azotemia. Urinalysis evidenced turbid aspect, dark yellow color and intense proteinuria, reinforcing kidney damage. Abdominal ultrasound examination identified blood clots in the bladder, and liver with reduced echogenicity and echotexture, suggesting acute inflammation. Therapy aimed to stabilize the patient, control kidney damage and avoid anaphylaxis. Treatment included intensive care support, promethazine, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, dipyrone, methadone, metronidazole, ampicillin, clindamycin and tramadol. Following successful treatment, the animal presented immunomediated polyarthritis, possibly associated to both the poisoning and later diagnosed hemoparasitosis (both Erlichia and Babesia). Discussion: Massive bee attacks can cause severe complications, however, data regarding emergency care records are scarce. Based on clinical signs and laboratory findings, the patient presented toxic systemic reaction, including grade II of acute kidney injury and significant cardiorespiratory distress. Another important complication was tongue necrosis, that demanded attention and special supportive care, including feeding tube and specific feed. Treatment also focused in reducing edema and control possible anaphylaxis, providing analgesia and antibiotic therapy. Laboratory findings have been previously described, with evidence of immune-mediated reaction. Follow-up consultations revealed normal parameters, and an unusual presentation of claudication. Investigation concluded that polyarthritis could be responsible for such finding and may be a result of the deposition of immunomediated complexes in the joints, due in this case to the bee poisoning and later positive diagnosis for both Erlichia and Babesia. Systemic reactions to bee stings are complex, and full clinical and laboratory profile aid in both the prognosis and treatment options. Special attention must be given to tongue damage and supportive care is essential for maintaining feeding conditions. Arthritis should be considered as possible complication, reinforcing the importance of follow-up consultations.

Physiological quality of irrigated rice seeds benefited in different UBSin the internal coastal plain of Lagoa dos Patos / Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz irrigado beneficiadas em diferentes UBS’sda planície litorânea interna da Lagoa dos Patos

The objective of the study is to evaluate the evolution of the physical and physiological quality of rice seeds throughout the processing process, analyzing the efficiencyof the equipment used in three Seed Processing Units (UBS) to produce certified seeds, located in the region of the inner coastal plain of Lagoa dos Patos. We know that the seed has to be made in the field, starting with the choice of the area, providing a good management and controlling invaders, pests and diseases, but we believe that UBS has a very important role in seed quality, and this is the purpose of this study. Each unit with its equipment on its production line was analyzed. The cultivar IRGA 424 RI was used in the three units, samples were taken at the exit of each equipment, tests for seedling emergence, germination, physical purity and determination of other contaminatingspecies were carried out. A gradual increase in purity and germination was observed along the processing line in the three UBS’s, except for the determination of weedy rice, where equipment was not efficient.

O objetivo do estudo, é avaliar a evolução da qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes de arroz ao longo do processo de beneficiamento, analisando a eficiência dos equipamentos utilizados em trêsUnidades de Beneficiamentos de Sementes (UBS), de produção de sementes certificadas, localizadas na região da planície costeira interna da Lagoa dos Patos. Sabemos que asemente tem que ser feita no campo, começando pela escolha da área, proporcionando um bom manejo e controlando as invasoras, pragas e doenças, mas acreditamos que a UBS tem um papel muito importante na qualidade da semente e este é o propósito deste estudo. Foram analisadas cada unidade com seus equipamentos em sua linha de produção. Utilizou-se a cultivar IRGA 424 RI nas três unidades, as amostras foram feitas na saída de cada equipamento, realizou-se os testes de emergência de plântulas, germinação, pureza física e determinação de outras espécies contaminantes. Observou-se um aumento gradativo na pureza e germinação ao longo da linha de beneficiamento nas trêsUBS’s, exceto na determinação de arroz daninho, onde equipamentos não se mostraram eficientes.

Suitability of tetrazolium test for Tamarindus indica L. seeds / Adequação do teste de tetrazolium para sementes de Tamarindus indica L

Seed quality is routinely assessed by direct tests, e.g, the germination test, or indirect tests like the tetrazolium test, which has shoown to be promising in the determine viability and vigor, allowing the diagnosis of the main problems that may affect seed quality, such as mechanic damages, field deterioration and storage. In this respect, this study was conducted to develop a tetrazolium test protocol to evaluate the viability and vigor of Tamarindus indica L. seeds. Before exposing the seeds to the tetrazolium solution, seed preconditioning studies were carried out in which seven soaking times were tested. The soaking time that did not cause damage to the seed embryo and allowed the removal of the seed coat to expose the seed structures to the tetrazolium salt was selected. Then, an experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a 2x3x3 factorial arrangement involving two seed lots, three soaking times in tetrazolium salt (6, 12 and 16 h) and three salt concentrations (0.075, 0.1 and 0.5%), totaling 18 treatments with four replicates of 25 seeds, evaluated at 40 ºC. For each treatment, the seeds were divided into three classes, namely, viable and vigorous embryos (class 1); viable embryos (class 2) and non-viable or dead embryos (class 3). For a comparison with the tetrazolium test results, the two seed lots were analyzed for water content, germination, emergence, first count, germination speed index, emergence speed index, growth and seedling dry weight. The viability and vigor of T. indica seeds can be evaluated after a soaking period of 48 h and immersion for 6h in tetrazolium salt at the concentration of 0.1%, at 40°C, with provides results similar to conventional seed viability tests. The tetrazolium test proved to be adequate to differentiate T. indica seed lots in terms of viability.(AU)

A qualidade das sementes é avaliada rotineiramente por testes diretos como o de germinação e indiretos como o teste de tetrazólio que tem se mostrado promissor na determinação da viabilidade e vigor possibilitando o diagnóstico dos principais problemas que podem afetar a qualidade das sementes, como danos mecânicos, deterioração de campo e armazenamento. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho desenvolver um protocolo do teste de tetrazólio para avaliar a viabilidade e o vigor das sementes de Tamarindus indica L. Antes da exposição das sementes a solução de tetrazólio, foram realizados estudos pre-condicionamento das sementes utilizando sete períodos de embebição sendo selecionado o tempo que não causou danos ao embrião da semente e permitiu a remoção do tegumento para exposição das estruturas da semente ao sal de tetrazólio. Em seguida, o experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3x3, sendo dois lotes de sementes, três tempos de embebição em sal (6; 12 e 16 horas) e três concentrações de sal de tetrazólio (0,075; 0,1 e 0,5%), totalizando dezoito tratamentos com quatro repetições de 25 sementes, avaliados a 40 ºC. Para cada tratamento as sementes foram divididas em três classes: embriões viáveis e vigorosos (classe 1); embriões viáveis (classe 2) e embriões inviáveis ou mortos (classe 3). Para comparar com o resultado do teste de tetrazólio os dois lotes de sementes foram submetidos a análise de teor de água, germinação, emergência, primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de germinação e emergência, crescimento e massa seca de plântulas. A viabilidade e o vigor das sementes de T. indica podem ser avaliados após um período de 48h de embebição e 6h de imersão na concentração de 0,1% de sal de tetrazólio a 40 ºC, com resultados semelhantes aos testes convencionais de determinação da viabilidade das sementes. O teste de tetrazólio mostrou-se adequado para diferenciar a viabilidade em relação aos lotes de sementes de T. indica.(AU)

Hidropsia fetal em dois filhotes da raça Buldogue Inglês / Fetal hydrops in two English Bulldog puppies

A hidropsia fetal é uma anomalia congênita, caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de fluidos no espaço extravascular do feto, sendo denominada anasarca, quando o excesso de fluidos ocorre de forma generalizada, causando edema no tecido subcutâneo. Dessa forma, o aumento exagerado no tamanho do feto é esperado, podendo resultar em uma distocia obstrutiva, durante o parto. Os cães da raça Buldogue são mais susceptíveis a essa enfermidade, devido às características braquicefálicas; portanto, deve-se redobrar os cuidados durante a gestação, como utilizar a ultrassonografia para avaliar periodicamente os fetos, com o objetivo de preservar a saúde, tanto da gestante, quanto dos fetos. Vale evidenciar que, geralmente, essa enfermidade possui prognóstico de reservado a grave. Este presente trabalho relata o parto de uma cadela de 3 anos de idade, da raça Buldogue Inglês, que deu entrada em uma clínica veterinária, na cidade de Ourinhos/SP, com aproximadamente 62 dias de gestação, fruto de inseminação artificial, estando em trabalho de parto há aproximadamente 5 horas. A partir da realização dos exames físico e ultrassonográfico, foi observado que dois dos seis fetos apresentavam edema generalizado, estavam sem reflexos e com batimentos cardíacos diminuídos e abafados. A paciente foi submetida a cesariana de emergência. Os filhotes hidrópicos vieram a óbito, após tentativa de tratamento. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que a utilização da ultrassonografia deve ser priorizada, não apenas para diagnóstico, mas para acompanhamento da evolução da gestação e dos fetos, permitindo a visibilização de possíveis fetos hidrópicos e o agendamento da cesariana, procedimento cirúrgico mais indicado na presença dessa anomalia fetal.

Fetal hydrops is a congenital anomaly characterized by excessive accumulation of fluids in the extravascular space of the fetus, being called anasarca when excess fluid occurs in a generalized way, causing edema in the subcutaneous tissue. Thus, an exaggerated increase in the size of the fetus is expected, which may result in obstructive dystocia during birth. Bulldog dogs are more susceptible to this disease due to their brachycephalic characteristics; therefore, care should be redoubled during pregnancy, such as using ultrasound to periodically evaluate the fetuses to preserve the health of both pregnant and fetuses. It is worth noting that this disease usually has a reserved to severe prognosis. This present work reports the birth of a 3-year-old female English Bulldog that was admitted at a veterinary clinic in the city of Ourinhos/SP, with approximately 62 days of gestation, as a result of artificial insemination, being in labor for approximately 5 hours. From the physical and ultrasound examinations, it was observed that two of the six fetuses had generalized edema, had no reflexes, and presented reduced and muffled heartbeats. The patient underwent an emergency cesarean section. The hydropic puppies s died after an attempted treatment. Thus, it is concluded that the use of ultrasound should be prioritized not only for diagnosis, but for monitoring pregnancy evolution and fetuses, allowing the visualization of possible hydropic fetuses and scheduling of the cesarean section, which is the most indicated surgical procedure in the presence of this fetal anomaly.

Intoxicação em gatos atendidos em um hospital veterinário universitário da cidade de São Paulo: análise retrospectiva de 2010 a 2021 / Intoxication in cats attended in a veterinary teaching hospital of São Paulo city: a retrospective analysis from 2010 to 2021

O aumento da população pet no Brasil causou maior proximidade da convivência de gatos com o ser humano e a falta de conhecimento do proprietário quanto às particulares felinas pode favorecer a ocorrência de toxicoses. Assim, o presente estudo apresenta as principais causas de intoxicações em gatos registrados no Hospital Veterinário (Hovet) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), no período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2021. Os resultados mostraram que a frequência de ocorrência anual de casos de intoxicações em gatos variou de 0,71% (5/704) a 2,68% (9/336), e os principais agentes responsáveis por intoxicações foram os praguicidas anticolinesterásicos, como carbamatos e organofosforados (50% - 48/96), e os medicamentos, em particular, os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (31,25% - 30/96). Houve casos em que não foi identificada a substância envolvida (7,29% - 7/96), o que dificulta a abordagem terapêutica. Em casos de urgência, devem ser inicialmente instituídas as medidas destinadas à manutenção das funções vitais do animal, e, posteriormente, de suporte ao animal. Nestes casos, é importante a realização do diagnóstico diferencial das possíveis causas de intoxicação de acordo com os sinais e histórico clínico, bem como a colheita de amostras para análise toxicológica.(AU)

The increase in the pet population in Brazil with the greater proximity of the coexistence of cats with humans and the owner's lack of knowledge about feline particulars can favor the occurrence of toxicosis. Thus, the present study performs a retrospective survey of poisoning in cats registered by the Daily Care Records of cats received at the Veterinary Hospital (Hovet) of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), from January 2010 to December 2021. The results showed that the annual occurrence of cases of poisoning in cats ranged from 0.71% (5/704) to 2.68% (9/336), and the main agents responsible for poisoning were anticholinesterase pesticides, such as carbamates and organophosphates ( 50% - 48/96), and medications, in particular, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (31,25% - 30/96). There were also cases in which it was not possible to identify the substance involved (7.29% - 7/96), which makes the therapeutic approach difficult. In these cases, it is important to make a differential diagnosis to potential cases of intoxication according to clinic signs and clinic history, in addition to collecting samples for toxicologic analysis. In urgent cases, measures must be used to maintain the animal's vital functions and, later, supportive measures for the animal.(AU)

Seed germination of Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl. and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell) Brenan in different substrates / Germinação de sementes de Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl. e Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell) Brenan em diferentes substratos

The present study evaluated the effect of different substrates on the germination and initial development of Astronium urundeuva and Anadenanthera colubrina. The substrates were: washed sand, vegetable soil, and vermiculite for A. urundeuva experiment; washed sand and vermiculite for A. colubrine experiment. The following variables were analyzed: percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, average emergence time, average emergence speed, synchronization index, first emergency count, and the relative frequency of emergence. For initial development, shoot and root length, number of leaves, and shoot, root and total dry mass were evaluated. The highest percentages of emergence for A. urundeuva (52%) and for A. colubrine (50.5%) were observed in vermiculite substrate. The use of vermiculite as substrate favored germination and initial development of A. urundeuva and A. colubrina.

O presente estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes substratos na germinação e no desenvolvimento inicial de Astronium urundeuva e Anadenanthera colubrina. Foram testados os substratos areia lavada, terra vegetal e vermiculita na germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de A. urundeuva e areia lavada e vermiculita na germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de A. colubrina. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, velocidade média de emergência, índice de sincronização, primeira contagem de emergência e a frequência relativa de emergência. Para o desenvolvimento inicial foram avaliados o comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, o número de folhas e as massas secas da parte aérea, raízes e total. As maiores porcentagens de emergência para A. urundeuva (52%) e para A. colubrina(50,5%) foram observadas em substrato vermiculita. A utilização de vermiculita como substrato favoreceu a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de A. urundeuva e A. colubrina.

Manejo de neonatos caninos prematuros / Management of premature neonatal puppies

Dentre as mais importantes causas de morbidade neonatal na prematuridade, destacam-se os distúrbios respiratórios, complicações infecciosas, instabilidade crítica da termorregulação, inabilidade para homeostase energética e falhas na transferência de imunidade passiva. Dentre os problemas de origem pulmonar intimamente relacionados à prematuridade, destaca-se a imaturidade pulmonar por deficiência de surfactante, evoluindo para diminuição da capacidade pulmonar, hipoxemia, hipercapnia e acidose. Os neonatos caninos prematuros apresentam baixa vitalidade, hipotermia, bradipnéia, irregularidade do padrão respiratório, reduzido tônus e responsividade neuro-muscular. As áreas do parênquima pulmonar para efetuar trocas gasosas são limitadas em filhotes prematuros, culminando em alterações do equilíbrio ácidobase. Além disto, os recém-nascidos prematuros apresentam instabilidade energética e falha de transferência de imunidade passiva. Como medida preventiva à morbidade do neonato prematuro, indicase a corticoterapia pré-natal 48 horas antes do parto em cadelas gestantes, induzindo a maturidade funcional do pulmão fetal, além de melhorar a vitalidade e evolução clínica neonatal. Ademais, a corticoterapia antenatal estimula a transferência placentária de imunoglobulinas e absorção de imunoglobulinas colostrais, bem como aumenta a capacidade glicogênica. Nos casos emergenciais, preconiza-se medidas intensivas aos recém-nascidos prematuros, as quais incluem: reanimação respiratória, controle da hipotermia, reposição glicêmica na hipoglicemia e controle imunológico da falha de transferência imune passiva.(AU)

Among the most important causes of neonatal morbidity in prematurity, respiratory disorders, infectious complications, critical instability of thermoregulation, inability for energy homeostasis and failures in the transfer of passive immunity stand out. Among the problems of pulmonary origin closely related to prematurity, pulmonary immaturity due to surfactant deficiency stands out, evolving to decreased lung capacity, hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis. Premature canine neonates have low vitality, hypothermia, bradypnea, irregular breathing pattern, reduced tone and neuromuscular responsiveness. The areas of the lung parenchyma to carry out gas exchange are limited in premature pups, culminating in changes in acid-base balance. In addition, premature newborns have energetic instability and failure to transfer passive immunity. As a preventive measure against premature neonate morbidity, prenatal corticosteroid therapy is indicated 48 hours before delivery in pregnant bitches, inducing functional maturity of the fetal lung, in addition to improving neonatal vitality and clinical evolution. Furthermore, antenatal corticosteroid therapy stimulates the placental transfer of immunoglobulins and the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins, as well as increasing the glycogenic capacity. In emergency cases, intensive measures are recommended for premature newborns, which include: respiratory resuscitation, hypothermia control, glycemic replacement in hypoglycemia and immunological control of passive immune transfer failure.(AU)

Physiological quality of irrigated rice seeds benefited in different UBSin the internal coastal plain of Lagoa dos Patos / Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz irrigado beneficiadas em diferentes UBSsda planície litorânea interna da Lagoa dos Patos

The objective of the study is to evaluate the evolution of the physical and physiological quality of rice seeds throughout the processing process, analyzing the efficiencyof the equipment used in three Seed Processing Units (UBS) to produce certified seeds, located in the region of the inner coastal plain of Lagoa dos Patos. We know that the seed has to be made in the field, starting with the choice of the area, providing a good management and controlling invaders, pests and diseases, but we believe that UBS has a very important role in seed quality, and this is the purpose of this study. Each unit with its equipment on its production line was analyzed. The cultivar IRGA 424 RI was used in the three units, samples were taken at the exit of each equipment, tests for seedling emergence, germination, physical purity and determination of other contaminatingspecies were carried out. A gradual increase in purity and germination was observed along the processing line in the three UBSs, except for the determination of weedy rice, where equipment was not efficient.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo, é avaliar a evolução da qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes de arroz ao longo do processo de beneficiamento, analisando a eficiência dos equipamentos utilizados em trêsUnidades de Beneficiamentos de Sementes (UBS), de produção de sementes certificadas, localizadas na região da planície costeira interna da Lagoa dos Patos. Sabemos que asemente tem que ser feita no campo, começando pela escolha da área, proporcionando um bom manejo e controlando as invasoras, pragas e doenças, mas acreditamos que a UBS tem um papel muito importante na qualidade da semente e este é o propósito deste estudo. Foram analisadas cada unidade com seus equipamentos em sua linha de produção. Utilizou-se a cultivar IRGA 424 RI nas três unidades, as amostras foram feitas na saída de cada equipamento, realizou-se os testes de emergência de plântulas, germinação, pureza física e determinação de outras espécies contaminantes. Observou-se um aumento gradativo na pureza e germinação ao longo da linha de beneficiamento nas trêsUBSs, exceto na determinação de arroz daninho, onde equipamentos não se mostraram eficientes.(AU)

Correlation between vegetation indexes generated at Vitis Vinifera L. and soil, plant and production parameters for emergency application in decision making / Correlação entre indices de vegetação gerados em Vitis Vinifera L. e parâmetros de solo, planta e produção para aplicação emergencial na tomada de decisão

Correlation between proximal sensing techniques and laboratory results of qualitative variables plus agronomic attributes was evaluated of a 3,0 ha vineyard in the county of Muitos Capões, Northeast of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in Vitis vinifera L. at 2017/2018 harvest, aiming to evaluate the replacement of conventional laboratory analysis in viticulture by Vegetation Indexes, at situations were laboratory access are unavailable. Based on bibliographic research, looking for vegetative indexes developed or used for canopy reflectance analysis on grapevines and whose working bands were within the spectral range provided by the equipment used, a total of 17 viable candidates were obtained. These chosen vegetation indices were correlated, through Pearson (5%), with agronomic soil attributes (apparent electrical conductivity, clay, pH in H2O, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, effective CTC, CTC at pH 7.0, zinc, copper, sulfur and boron) for depths 0 -20 cm and 20-40 cm, and plant tissue (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and boron) , in addition to some key oenological and phytotechnical parameters for the quantification of wine production and quality. One hundred and thirty ninesignificant correlations were obtained from this cross, with 36 moderate coefficients between 19 parameter variables versus 12 of the indexes. We concluded that in cases where access or availability of laboratory analyzes is difficult or impracticable, the use of vegetation indices is possible if the correlation coefficients reach, at least, the moderate magnitude, serving as a support to decision making until the lack analytical structure to be remedied.

Avaliou-se a correlação entre as técnicas de sensoriamento proximal e os resultados laboratoriais de variáveis qualitativas, mais os atributos agronômicos do solo de um vinhedo de 3,0 ha no município de Muitos Capões, região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, na safra 2017/2018. Objetivou avaliar a substituição das análises laboratoriais convencionais em viticultura por Índices de Vegetação, em situações de indisponibilidade de acesso ao laboratório. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, buscaram-se índices vegetativos desenvolvidos ou utilizados para análise de refletância de dossel em videiras e cujas bandas de trabalho estavam dentro do intervalo espectral fornecido pelo equipamento utilizado, obtendo-se um total de 17 candidatos viáveis. Esses índices de vegetação escolhidos foram correlacionados, por meio de Pearson (5%), com atributos agronômicos do solo (condutividade elétrica aparente, argila, pH em H2O, fósforo, potássio, matéria orgânica, alumínio, cálcio, magnésio, CTC efetivo, CTC em pH 7,0, zinco, cobre, enxofre e boro) para profundidades de 0 - 20 cm e 20 - 40 cm, e tecido vegetal (nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, cobre, zinco, ferro, manganês e boro), além de alguns parâmetros enológicos e fitotécnicos essenciais para a quantificação da produção e qualidade do vinho. Deste cruzamento foram obtidas 139 correlações significativas, resultando 36 coeficientes moderados entre 19 variáveis de parâmetros versus 12 dos índices. Concluímos que nos casos em que o acesso ou disponibilidade de análises laboratoriais é difícil ou impraticável, a utilização de índices de vegetação é possível, desde que os coeficientes de correlação atinjam, pelo menos, a magnitude moderada, servindo como suporte para a tomada de decisão até a falta de estrutura analítica ser remediada.

Uso do Bypass Ureteral Subcutâneo no manejo das obstruções ureterais em gatos: revisão de literatura / Use of Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass in the management of ureteral obstructions in cats - literature review

A obstrução ureteral em felinos é uma afecção, potencialmente fatal e comum na clínica de pequenos animais por levar à restrição do fluxo normal de urina. As principais causas dessa obstrução são ureterólitos (cálculos) que podem ser classificados como simples, mistos ou compostos. Os sinais clínicos da obstrução ureteral não são muito evidentes até que a obstrução seja completa, bilateral ou que haja disfunção do rim contralateral. O diagnóstico da doença é firmado com base nos sinais clínicos, exames complementares como hemograma, bioquímico, radiografia, ultrassonografia abdominal, urinálise e urocultura, uretropielografia retrógrada, pielografia anterógrada, tomografia computadorizada e estudo da taxa de filtração glomerular ureteral. A obstrução ureteral é uma enfermidade que deve ser tratada com emergência, o tratamento deve ser determinado com base no tipo de cálculo presente, os casos mais severos necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica como a técnica bypass para descompressão. O presente artigo é uma revisão sobre a eficácia do emprego do bypass para o tratamento na obstrução ureteral.(AU)

Ureteral obstruction in felines is a potentially fatal and common condition in small animal clinics, as it leads to restriction of the normal flow of urine. The main causes of this obstruction are urolithiasis (renal calculi) which can be classified as: simple, mixed or compound. Clinical signs are not very evident until the obstruction is complete, bilateral, or when occurs a contralateral edge dysfunction. The diagnosis of the disease was settled with the association of clinical signs and the results of complementary tests such as blood count, biochemistry, radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, urinalysis and urine culture, retrograde urethropielography, antegrade pyelography, computed tomography and study of the ureteral glomerular filtration rate. It is an illness that must be treated with emergency, the treatment must be determined based on the type of calculus present, in the most severe cases it must be performed a of surgical intervention such as a bypass technique for decompression. This article is a review of the avaiable information about the effectiveness of bypass usage for treatment of ureteral obstruction in felines.(AU)

Laminite crônica em equino - tratamento com uso de ferradura com travessa horizontal e massa epóxi / Chronic laminitis in a horse - treatment with use of horseshoe with horizontal cross and epoxy putty

Background: Laminitis is characterized by an inflammation of the laminar structures of the hoof, which results in lamellar degradation of the suspensory apparatus of the distal phalanx. Despite being a common disease in the equine clinic, it is a medical emergency, which can lead the affected animals not return to sports activities. Due to the severity of laminitis and the poor prognosis, the objective was to report the case of a horse with chronic laminitis with sole perforation in all limbs treated with therapeutic shoeing using a type of horseshoe that has a horizontal crossbar and is filled with mass. Fast-drying epoxy, which has its use little described in the literature Case: A 4-year-old Crioula horse, weighing 325 kg, used in long noose competitions, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of UFPR with chronic laminitis. The animal had reluctance to move, walk on a trestle position, grade V lameness and phalanx rotation of all limbs. The treatment of laminitis was carried out in the field, for two months, which consisted of trimming and shoeing with a horseshoe in the shape of a heart, and due to the failure of the treatment instituted, the patient presented clinical worsening. The treatment in the HV consisted of cleaning the perforated region of the sole with hydrogen peroxide and 10% iodine and dressing with cotton boots with EVA rubber on the sole to provide comfort. Corrective trimming was performed in order to remove excess forceps, lower the heel, and align the distal phalanx with the hoof wall, using a rasp. Orthopedic shoeing was performed with a normal horseshoe with a horizontal crossbar in the central region. The sole was filled with a quick-drying epoxy putty (Poxilina®), with the aim of preventing sole movement, blocking the rotation of the phalanges and improving the concavity of the hoof. Discussion: In chronic laminitis, the signs observed are claudication and deformation of the hoof, flat sole, enlargement of the white line, uneven growth of the hoof wall, hemorrhage in the abaxial white line, cracks in the hoof wall, which are observed parallel to the coronary band, in addition to phalanx rotation; in this clinical case, all these signs were observed. The trimming of horses with laminitis consists of removing the heels and decreasing the dorsal wall of the hoof, in this case, the trimming performed improved the clinical improvement of the animal five days after the procedure. The horseshoe used in the treatment of this animal has the objective of creating a weight-bearing surface on the middle of the sole, close to the tip of the frog, in this way the weight is not on the supporting edge of the clamp and, in this way, it reduces the pressure. over the most affected area. Despite the scarcity of reports on the use of this type of horseshoe, in this case it played a fundamental role in the treatment of laminitis. In this way, it is an alternative that must be taken into account when choosing the treatment, in view of its effectiveness and lower cost when compared to other methods. This case demonstrates the severity of laminitis in all limbs, especially as it presents a perforation of the sole. It is important to highlight that trimming and shoeing performed at the recommended interval (30-45 days) contributes a lot to the success of the treatment and the return of the animal to sports practice. The horseshoe with a horizontal crossbar was effective in the treatment of chronic laminitis of the forelimbs and pelvic limbs in the reported animal, with progressive improvement of the patient who returned to normal daily activities, without the presence of signs of pain or signs of laminitis after treatment.

Laparocistotomia para correção de urolitíase vesical em equino: relato de cirurgia a campo / Laparocystotomy for correction of vesical urolithiasis in equine: field surgery report

A urolitíase é uma condição rara, mas considerada de emergência na rotina de equinos. Este trabalho relata um caso de correção de urolitíase vesical em equino pela técnica cirúrgica de laparocistotomia parainguinal a campo. Para isso, foi realizado atendimento de um equino macho, sem raça definida, com histórico de disúria e hematúria exacerbada após exercício. Após realização de exame clínico, a suspeita diagnóstica de urolitíase vesical foi confirmada por meio de ultrassonografia transretal, sendo indicado o tratamento cirúrgico. Diante da impossibilidade de realização do procedimento em centro cirúrgico, optou-se por operá-lo em condições a campo. Para o acesso à cavidade abdominal, optou-se pela laparotomia parainguinal. A bexiga foi localizada e esvaziada por punção. Procedeu-se cistotomia para remoção do urólito, seguida da lavagem da bexiga com solução fisiológica para remoção de possíveis detritos. A cistorrafia foi realizada em dois planos de sutura do tipo Schmieden-Cushing, com fio absorvível sintético, seguida pela laparorrafia. O pós-operatório consistiu em curativos diários da ferida cirúrgica, duchas e administração de antimicrobiano e anti-inflamatório. Conclui-se que o exame ultrassonográfico foi fundamental para o correto diagnóstico e que a escolha da técnica cirúrgica de laparocistotomia parainguinal realizada a campo oferece resultados satisfatórios para o tratamento de equino com urolitíase vesical.

Urolithiasis is a rare condition, but it is considered an emergency in the equine routine. The present work reports a correction case of vesical urolithiasis in equines by the surgical technique of parainguinal laparocystotomy in the field. A male horse, of mixed breed, with a history of dysuria and exacerbated hematuria after exercise was treated. After performing the clinical examination, the diagnostic suspicion of bladder urolithiasis was confirmed through transrectal ultrasonography and the surgical treatment was indicated. Given the impossibility of performing the procedure in the operating room, it was decided to operate the animal in field conditions. For access to the abdominal cavity, parainguinal laparotomy was chosen. The bladder was located and emptied by puncture. A cystotomy was performed to remove the urolith, followed by washing the bladder with saline solution to remove possible debris. The cistorrhaphy was performed in two planes of Schmieden-Cushing suture, with synthetic absorbable suture, followed by laparorrhaphy. The postoperative period consisted of daily dressings of the surgical wound, showers, and administration of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. It is concluded that the ultrasound examination was essential for the correct diagnosis and that the choice of the surgical technique of parainguinal laparocystotomy performed in the field offers satisfactory results for the treatment of horses with bladder urolithiasis.