Reconstrução de palato com malha de polipropileno e prótese acrílica para correção de fístula oronasal adquirida em cão / Palate reconstruction with polypropylene mesh and acrylic prosthesis in dog for correcton of acquired oronosal fistulae

As fístulas oronosais adquiridas são defeitos que permitem a comunicação anormal entre as cavidades oral e nasal. Inúmeras causas podem ser atribuídas à etiologia de tal defeito. O presente trabalho visa relatar o caso de um cão com fístula oronasal adquirida que foi submetido à reconstrução cirúrgica do palato com o uso de malha de polipropileno e prótese acrílica. Após estabilização do quadro clínico e remoção manual das larvas, o paciente foi encaminhado para o desbridamento cirúrgico das lesões orais e correção do defeito no palato. A palatoplastia foi realizada com o uso da malha e resina de polimetilmetacrilato autopolimerizável. A malha foi suturada sobre o defeito palatino com pontos simples separados e fio náilon 3-0 nas extremidades da ferida. Em seguida, a resina foi preparada e, ao atingir consistência adequada, foi aplicada e modelada sobre o a malha de polipropileno com o auxílio de um descolador de Molt, sendo também suturada nas bordas da fístula com pontos simples separados e fio náilon 3-0. No mesmo tempo cirúrgico foi inserida uma sonda esofágica para alimentação enteral. Devido complicações cirúrgicas no pós operatório, o paciente foi submetido a mais duas intervenções cirúrgicas para desfecho satisfatório do tratamento. Conclui-se que associação entre a tela de polipropileno e a prótese acrílica foi uma alternativa exequível para a palatoplastia em cão.

Acquired oronosal fistulae are abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities. A oronasal fistula can be the result of different causes, like oral myiasis. The objetctive of these paper is to report the case of a dog with acquired oronasal fistula that underwent surgical reconstruction of the palate using polypropylene mesh and acrylic prosthesis. After stabilization of the patient ́s clinical condition and mecanic removal of the larvae, the dog was referred for surgical debridement of the oral lesions and correction of the defect in the palate. Palatoplasty was performed using a mesh and polymethylmethacrylate resin. The mesh was sutured over the palatal defect with separate simple suture and 3-0 naylon thread at the ends of the wound. Then, the resin was prepared and, upon reaching adequate consistency, it was applied and shaped over the polypropylene mesh with Molt peeler. It was also sutured on the edges of the fistula with separate simple suture and 3-0 nylon suture. At the same surgical time, an esophageal tube was inserted for enteral feeding. Due to complications, the dog underwent two more surgical interventions for a satisfactory treatment outcome. It is concluded that the association between the polypropylene mesh and the acrylic prosthesis was a practical alternative for palatoplasty in dogs after oral myiasis.

Genetic diversity of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. progenies from the states of Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Diversidade genética de progênies de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. procedentes de Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

There is little information regarding the genetic diversity of native species aimed at identifying the best viable progenies for in situ and ex situ conservation. Furthermore, there is a lack of future forest improvement programs. We aimed to know the genetic diversity of 64 Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. (Fabaceae) progenies. We determined this species' dendrometric characteristics, and when using multivariate techniques and cluster analysis, we verified the differences between the progenies and groups with less heterogeneity. The progeny and provenance test was installed in Dourados (Mato Grosso do Sul - MS), with seeds collected in three MS regions (Vale do Ivinhema, Serra de Maracaju, and Serra da Bodoquena) and in the micro-region of Lavras (Minas Gerais - MG). The experiment was conducted in an alpha lattice 8 x 8 with four repetitions. We found genetic variability among and within P. dubium populations for all height, diameter, circumference at breast height, volume, and basal area characters. We suggest that P. dubium populations have high genetic variability, which indicates possible genetic improvement through best progeny selection. The UPGMA and Tocher methods grouped the progenies into three and nine groups, respectively, in which the most divergent individuals come from MG and the Bonito region in MS. Based on morphological characters, P. dubium progenies identified as 45, 47, 49, 50, 55, and 59 from MG are the most promising, while progenies 6 and 9 were the least promising.

Informações quanto à diversidade genética de espécies nativas visando identificar melhores progênies viáveis para conservação in situ e ex situ, além de futuros programas de melhoramento florestal são incipientes. Objetivamos conhecer a diversidade genética de 64 progênies de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. (Fabaceae). Determinamos os caracteres dendrométricos dessa espécie, e ao utilizarmos técnicas multivariadas e análises de agrupamento verificamos as diferenças entre as progênies e grupos de menor heterogeneidade. O teste de progênies e procedências foi instalado em Dourados (MS), cujas sementes foram coletadas em três regiões de MS (Vale do Ivinhema, Serra de Maracaju e Serra da Bodoquena) e na microrregião de Lavras-MG. O experimento foi conduzido em alfa-látice 8 x 8, com quatro repetições. Constatamos variabilidade genética entre e dentro das populações de P. dubium para todos os caracteres altura, diâmetro, circunferência à altura do peito, volume e área basal. Sugerimos que as populações de P. dubium tem alta variabilidade genética, o que indicou possibilidade de melhoramento genético pela seleção das melhores progênies. Os métodos UPGMA e Tocher agruparam as progênies em três e nove grupos, respectivamente, em que os indivíduos mais divergentes são procedentes de MG e da região de Bonito em MS. As progênies de P. dubium de identificação 45, 47, 49, 50, 55 e 59, todas de MG, são as mais promissoras, enquanto que as progênies 6 e 9, foram as menos promissoras, baseando-se nos caracteres morfológicos.

Periodontitis in sheep in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil / Periodontite em ovinos em Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

Cases of periodontitis in sheep from the Agreste and Zona da Mata regions of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, are described. Information on breed, age and sex of affected animals as well as clinical and pathological aspects of the disease were obtained during farm visits. Fifteen animals from a total of 450 Santa Inês sheep, aged between three and twelve years, showed low body condition score, dull coat, and difficulty in feeding followed by pain on palpation of the mandibular region. Physical examination of the oral cavity of affected animals and post mortem findings of slaughtered individuals revealed varying degrees of periodontitis, wear, fracture, mobility, and loss of teeth associated with gingival retraction, presence of biofilm and food packing between incisors, premolars and molars teeth. Increased mandibular volume was observed in eight animals and, in two of them, an abscess fistula, exclusively in mandibular teeth. The occurrence of periodontitis in sheep had not been recorded until now in Northeastern Brazil and, thus, this is the first description of cases in the region.

Descrevem-se casos de periodontite em ovinos provenientes das regiões do Agreste e Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Informações sobre raça, idade e sexo dos animais afetados bem como os aspectos clínicos e patológicos dos surtos foram obtidos a partir de visitas às propriedades e são reportados. 15 animais de um total de 450 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, com idade entre três a doze anos de idade manifestaram baixa condição corporal, pelagem sem brilho e dificuldade de alimentar-se, acompanhado de dor à palpação na região mandibular. O exame físico da cavidade oral dos animais afetados e os achados post mortem de indivíduos abatidos revelaram graus variados de periodontite, desgaste, fratura, mobilidade e perda dentária, associados a retração gengival, presença de biofilme e compactação de resíduos alimentares entre os dentes incisivos, pré-molares e molares. Em oito animais havia aumento de volume mandibular e em dois deles observaram-se abscessos fistulados que ocorreram exclusivamente nos dentes mandibulares. A ocorrência de periodontite em ovinos não têm sido registrada no Nordeste do Brasil, sendo estes os primeiros casos descritos na região.

Avaliação andrológica no garanhão: ênfase no exame interno do sistema genital / Breeding soundness examination in stallions: emphasis on internal assessment of the genital system

A avaliação do sistema genital interno no garanhão é uma importante etapa do exame andrológico, mas ainda é negligenciada na clínica reprodutiva dessa espécie. A maioria das enfermidades que acometem as glândulas sexuais acessórias e a uretra são descritas na literatura como pouco frequentes e até mesmo raras, no entanto a falta de diagnóstico, em muitos casos, contribui para essa estatística. Dentre as enfermidades mais recorrentes se destacam a vesiculite seminal, obstrução de ampola e fistula uretral que podem levar a prejuízos na qualidade seminal e baixa fertilidade. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta revisão é abordar as principais ferramentas de avaliação dos órgãos genitais internos nos machos equinos, visando contribuir para o correto diagnóstico e tratamento das principais afecções que os acometem.(AU)

The evaluation of the internal genital system in stallions is an important step in the breeding soundness exam that is still neglected in the reproductive clinic of this species. Most diseases that affect the accessory sex glands and the urethra are described in the literature as infrequent and even rare, however the lack of diagnosis, in many cases, contributes to this statistic. Among the most recurrent diseases are seminal vesiculitis, plugged ampullae and urethral rent that can lead to decreased seminal quality and low fertility. Thus, the objective of this review is to highlight the main tools for evaluating the internal genitalia in stallions, aiming to contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of the main conditions that affect them.(AU)

Streptococcus spp. in equines - infection and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles

Background: Empirical antimicrobial prescribing is commonly used in equine veterinary. Therefore, professionals can obtain information about antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the bacterial strains based on veterinary literature. Considering equine infections, Streptococcus spp. are important pathogens that can cause serious damage in horses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and infection profiles of Streptococcus spp. strains isolated from equines with infectious diseases subjected to microbiological analysis. Materials, Methods & Results: Veterinarians sent 13 samples and culture in Blood and MacConkey Agar were performed. After the incubation period, suspected colonies, which showed significative growth, were analyzed by Gram-staining, biochemical tests, and subjected to confirmatory identification in Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. In vitro AST analysis were performed by disc diffusion method, in accordance with the veterinarians' request. The antimicrobials tested in this study were: ceftiofur, gentamicin, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, amikacin, penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, vancomycin and metronidazole. The samples included uterine exudate, hock fistula, osteosynthesis exudate, exudate from the guttural pouch, and were originated from animals located in different and distant geographical regions in the cities of Porto Alegre, Pelotas, and Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus thoraltensis were the Streptococcus species identified in the samples. S. dysgalactiae was the mainly species found in the uterus samples, while S. thoraltensis, an unusual Streptococcus species, was identified as etiological agent of endometritis in 2 of the analyzed animals. On the other hand, S. equi was found in both the guttural pouch, representing the etiological agent of the strangle case, and in the osteosynthesis exudate, as infectious agent of post-osteosynthesis surgery. The majority of streptococci strains were susceptible to ceftiofur drug. Amikacin and ciprofloxacin, however, were the drugs for which the strains were mainly resistant according to the results. Discussion: The present study provided the AST and infection profile of Streptococcus species related to equine infectious diseases. S. dysgalactiae is considered an unusual bacterium isolated from horses that can be related to endometritis, S. equi is the causative agent of strangles, and S. thoraltensis is unusual in equines. Generally, the observed susceptibility to ceftiofur of the strains analyzed was in agreement with previous results reported in the literature. However, ceftiofur is a third-generation cephalosporin and is considered a critically important antibiotic for human health and its use in veterinary medicine should be cautious. Considering the resistance profile found, Streptococcus spp. can be intrinsically resistant to low drug concentrations of aminoglycosides. Moreover, the emergence and spread of fluoroquinolones resistance may also be due to the acquisition of resistance via horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, the present study described both infection and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus strains related to equine infectious diseases. Considering the findings, the results found in this study might contribute to the decision-making by veterinarians to further equine treatments.

Salpingopharyngeus fistula by means of videosurgery to treat horse bilateral gutural pouch chronic empyema – a case study / Fístula salpingofaríngea por videocirurgia para tratamento de empiema crônico de bolsa gutural bilateral em equino – relato de caso

The aim of this paper is to report the Salpingopharyngeus fistula technique by means of videosurgery through a natural orifice (NOTES) in order to treat bilateral empyema. A mare was seen at the Large Animal Sector of UFPR, with a history of bilateral purulent nasal discharge associated with dysphagia lasting for ninety days. The animal was submitted to endoscopy, showing a moderate amount of purulent secretion in both guttural pouches. With no improvement on the clinical treatment, we opted for surgical treatment by endoscopy through Salpingopharyngeus fistula made with the aid of a device containing an electrical scalpel developed to perform this technique. It consisted of making an incision in the pharyngeal recess in order to access the guttural pouches and subsequently drain the purulent content. The patient was discharged at the same day and returned to work 30 days after the procedure. Surgical treatment for cases of guttural pouch empyema is indicated when the clinical resolution has not been effective, and the minimally invasive technique is indicated due to the reduction of risks and the easiness of postoperative management. Until this moment, there are no reports of the salpingopharyngeal fistula technique through video surgery for the treatment of guttural pouch empyema, which has proved to be efficient for the treatment of the disease.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a técnica de fístula salpingofaríngea por videocirurgia através de orifício natural (NOTES) para tratamento de empiema bilateral. Uma égua foi atendida no Setor de Grandes Animais da UFPR, com histórico de secreção nasal purulenta bilateral associado a disfagia há noventa dias. O animal foi submetido à endoscopia, evidenciando moderada quantidade de secreção purulenta em ambas as bolsas guturais. Sem apresentar melhora com o tratamento clínico, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico por endoscopia através da realização de uma fístula salpingofaríngea feita com o auxílio de um dispositivo contendo eletrobisturi, desenvolvido para a realização desta técnica; que consistiu na realização de uma incisão no recesso faríngeo, para o acesso das bolsas guturais e posterior drenagem do conteúdo purulento. O paciente recebeu alta médica no mesmo dia e retornou ao trabalho 30 dias após o procedimento. O tratamento cirúrgico para os casos de empiema de bolsa gutural é indicado quando a resolução clínica não foi efetiva, sendo a técnica minimamente invasiva indicada devido à redução de riscos e à facilidade do manejo pós-operatório. Até o momento, não há relatos da técnica de fístula salpingofaríngea através de videocirurgia para o tratamento de empiema de bolsa gutural, a qual mostrou-se eficiente para o tratamento da enfermidade.

Salpingopharyngeus fistula by means of videosurgery to treat horse bilateral gutural pouch chronic empyema a case study / Fístula salpingofaríngea por videocirurgia para tratamento de empiema crônico de bolsa gutural bilateral em equino relato de caso

The aim of this paper is to report the Salpingopharyngeus fistula technique by means of videosurgery through a natural orifice (NOTES) in order to treat bilateral empyema. A mare was seen at the Large Animal Sector of UFPR, with a history of bilateral purulent nasal discharge associated with dysphagia lasting for ninety days. The animal was submitted to endoscopy, showing a moderate amount of purulent secretion in both guttural pouches. With no improvement on the clinical treatment, we opted for surgical treatment by endoscopy through Salpingopharyngeus fistula made with the aid of a device containing an electrical scalpel developed to perform this technique. It consisted of making an incision in the pharyngeal recess in order to access the guttural pouches and subsequently drain the purulent content. The patient was discharged at the same day and returned to work 30 days after the procedure. Surgical treatment for cases of guttural pouch empyema is indicated when the clinical resolution has not been effective, and the minimally invasive technique is indicated due to the reduction of risks and the easiness of postoperative management. Until this moment, there are no reports of the salpingopharyngeal fistula technique through video surgery for the treatment of guttural pouch empyema, which has proved to be efficient for the treatment of the disease.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a técnica de fístula salpingofaríngea por videocirurgia através de orifício natural (NOTES) para tratamento de empiema bilateral. Uma égua foi atendida no Setor de Grandes Animais da UFPR, com histórico de secreção nasal purulenta bilateral associado a disfagia há noventa dias. O animal foi submetido à endoscopia, evidenciando moderada quantidade de secreção purulenta em ambas as bolsas guturais. Sem apresentar melhora com o tratamento clínico, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico por endoscopia através da realização de uma fístula salpingofaríngea feita com o auxílio de um dispositivo contendo eletrobisturi, desenvolvido para a realização desta técnica; que consistiu na realização de uma incisão no recesso faríngeo, para o acesso das bolsas guturais e posterior drenagem do conteúdo purulento. O paciente recebeu alta médica no mesmo dia e retornou ao trabalho 30 dias após o procedimento. O tratamento cirúrgico para os casos de empiema de bolsa gutural é indicado quando a resolução clínica não foi efetiva, sendo a técnica minimamente invasiva indicada devido à redução de riscos e à facilidade do manejo pós-operatório. Até o momento, não há relatos da técnica de fístula salpingofaríngea através de videocirurgia para o tratamento de empiema de bolsa gutural, a qual mostrou-se eficiente para o tratamento da enfermidade.(AU)

Atresia ani (imperforated anus) in calves: clinical, surgical and pathological aspects

Background: Anal atresia is a congenital malformation, which often affects calves, and is related to the imperforation of the membrane that separates the endoderm of the posterior intestine from the ectodermal anal membrane. It is commonly associated with other congenital malformations and skeletal anomalies. The clinical signs generally appear in the first days of the animal's life, due to a retention of feces. The diagnosis is clinical and is based on observation, anamnesis and a physical examination of the animal. The only viable treatment is surgical. This paper aims to report 6 cases of anal atresia in bovine calves, 4 males and 2 females that were successfully treated surgically. Cases: This work reports 6 cases of anal atresia in 4 male calves and 2 female calves. Three presented total atresia (type II), one partial (type I) and in both female calves, anal atresia and rectovaginal fistula (type IV) were observed. The animals were all of undefined race. Five of the cases were from northern Tocantins, 4 males and 1 female (anal atresia with rectovaginal fistula), and 1 female (anal atresia with rectovaginal fistula) was from Valença, RJ. All animals were born active, by eutocic/natural birth, and assumed a quadrupedal position followed by the first feeding as normal. They were aged between 2 days and 6 months, and had a clinical history of abdominal distention and difficulty or inability defecating, and the females both also had a rectovaginal fistula, all cases compatible with anal atresia. Based on the patient's history and clinical examination, surgical treatment for anal reconstruction was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of enrofloxacin [2.5 mg/kg - intramuscularly (IM), once daily (SID), for 5 days] and fluxinin meglumine [1.1 mg/kg - IM, SID, for 3 days] ; as well as a healing ointment which was applied to the area of the surgical wound, every 12 h, for 7 days. There were no trans-surgical complications. The animals showed progressive recovery after anal reconstruction and the stitches were removed in all cases on the 10th postoperative day, with no postoperative complications and no recurrence of any clinical signs from that moment on. Discussion: The study of congenital and hereditary changes enables the identification of their origins, can help prevent new cases and, some of them, are open to economically viable treatment and/or correction that can improve the well-being of the animal and prevent economic losses due to death or animal sacrifice, as reported in the present study. Anal atresia is the most common congenital defect of the lower gastrointestinal tract in calves, being an isolated abnormality, or associated with other malformations, especially of the distal spinal column such as the absence of a tail (perosomus acaudatus), as one of the animals in this study. The clinical signs and physical examination are sufficient to establish the diagnosis, as demonstrated in this report, which is usually made in newborn animals, due to the lack or difficulty in defecation associated with no anal orifice and/or swelling in the perineal region. The treatment of choice for anal atresia is surgical, in order to construct an anal neo-orifice and thus avoid endotoxemic shock as well as providing relief and well-being for the animals. As observed in this study, when anal atresia is diagnosed early, and surgical treatment is properly instituted, the prognosis is favorable. The surgery is considered of low complexity, quick and it can be carried out in the field. Thus, from a commercial point of view, considering the costs of the procedures and the value of the calf at the end of weaning, such treatments are beneficial to the owners. In addition, the surgical treatment is essential for animal health and welfare in cases of anal atresia.

Sucralfate enemas reduce the oxidative tissue damage and preserves the contents of E-cadherin and Β-catenin in colonic mucosa without fecal stream

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects of sucralfate enemas in tissue contents of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in an experimental diversion colitis. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were submitted to a proximal colostomy and a distal mucous fistula. They were allocated into three groups: first group received daily saline enemas (2 mL/day) and the two other groups daily enemas with sucralfate at dosage of 1 or 2 g/kg/day, respectively. Six animals of each group were euthanized after two weeks and six animals after four weeks. The inflammation of the excluded mucosa was evaluated by histological analysis. The oxidative damage was quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde tissue levels. The expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin was identified by immunohistochemistry, and its contents were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Results: Sucralfate enemas reduced inflammation in animals subjected to treatment with 2 g/kg/day by four weeks, and the levels of oxidative damage in mucosa without fecal stream irrespective of concentration and time of intervention. E-cadherin and ?-catenin content increased in segments without fecal stream in those animals subjected to treatment with sucralfate. Conclusions: Sucralfate reduces the inflammation and oxidative stress and increases the tissue content of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in colonic mucosa devoid to the fecal stream.

Hydronephrosis in a dog related to ovariosalpingohysterectomy

Background: Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the pelvis and renal calyxes due to post-renal obstruction. The obstruction is often associated with extraluminal masses, blood clots and ureter ligation in castration procedures. Ureter ligation is reported as a malpractice. The renal function is reestablished if ligation is rapidly undone, but not for obstructions longer than four weeks. Often, clinical signs are results from months to years after the castration, when nephrectomy is the best therapeutic option. This paper aims to report a case of asymptomatic unilateral hydronephrosis in a 10-year-old dog caused by chronic ureter occlusion with Nylon 3.0 suture during an elective procedure. Case: A 10-year-old female pinscher dog, spayed 3 years ago was admitted at the Surgery Department of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí (HV-UFJ). The animal was taken for periodontal treatment. In the physical and laboratory examination (complete blood count, hepatic and renal biochemical tests) no significant and noteworthy alterations were found. Ultrasonographic examination showed no changes in the topography and echotexture of the left kidney, however the right kidney was not visualized, with an anechoic structure suggestive of advanced and severe hydronephrosis. Therefore, exploratory laparotomy was proposed to identify the observed structure, with the periodontal treatment considered for a later time. So, a retroumbilical incision was made, followed by linea alba and the removal of simple isolated suture remaining from previous surgical procedure. In the cavity, the viscera were isolated and the left kidney was identified, observing preserved anatomy. On the other hand, the right kidney had altered topography and morphology, being exposed after release of adhesions in adjacent structures. The right renal artery and vein were dissected and a double ligature was made. Then, the right ureter was dissected, observing marked dilatation in the proximal portion and the presence of local ligation with Nylon 3.0. Right ureterectomy and right nephrectomy were performed. After nephrectomy, the capsule was ruptured, observing dark fluid in it and absence of tissue compatible with renal parenchyma. The material was preserved in 10% formaldehyde and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathology revealed risk of rupture of the renal capsule due to the advance of renal degeneration and complete absence of parenchyma. However, contrary to the severity of the histopathological, surgical and ultrasonographic findings, the patient did not present clinical signs at the time of diagnosis. Discussion: In the intraoperative evaluation, the cause of the hydronephrosis was verified to be in fact the ligation of the ureter, which may have been accidental or due to the malpractice of the veterinarian surgeon. Other possible causes such as adhesions and granulomas were ruled out because the Nylon 3.0 suture was found in the proximal portion of the right ureter. It is believed that the patient may have presented clinical signs of hydronephrosis that may have been confused by the tutors as postoperative complications, changes that if identified and performed in time, could have avoided the occurrence or worsening of hydronephrosis and subsequent nephrectomy. Clinically, the bitch did not show clinical signs presented in the literature as consistent with hydronephrosis such as polyuria, polydipsia, abdominalgia, external fistula and anorexia. Therefore, it is believed that this case is one of the first reports of the occurrence of severe hydronephrosis without typical clinical manifestations of hydronephrosis. This fact raises a warning about the thorough monitoring in the postoperative period by owners and veterinarians, in addition to highlighting concerns regarding the occurrence of medical malpractice versus surgical accidents.

Use of palatal prosthesis to correct an acquired palatal cleft in a cat: a case report / Utilização do obturador palatino para correção de fenda palatina adquirida em gato: relato de caso

Palatal malformations rarely occur in small animals. Palatal clefts can affect the upper lip, hard palate, and soft palate, and may be congenital or acquired in origin. The most common acquired forms result from the excision of oral neoplasia, teeth extraction, perforating lesions, automobile accidents, and electric accidents. Clinical signs of a fissured palate are sneezing, purulent nasal discharge, salivary secretion in nasal discharge, difficulty feeding and drinking, and pneumonia due to aspiration, which are the most severe alterations and can lead to death. The treatment of palatal clefts consists of occlusion of the oronasal communication, which can be performed using mucoperiosteal grafts, pedicled flaps, or palatal obturators. Herein, we report a case of an acquired palatal cleft treated with a palatal obturator in a feline patient who bit a high-tension wire. Two attempts of surgical correction had been unsuccessful, resulting in suture dehiscence and perpetuation of the oronasal fistula. After fixation of the obturator, the animal showed remission of all clinical signs. The animal has survived for over one year with improved quality of life.(AU)

Os defeitos de palato são ocorrências raras na clínica de pequenos animais. As fendas palatinas podem afetar o lábio superior, palato duro e/ou palato mole, cuja origem pode ser congênita ou adquirida. As formas adquiridas mais comuns são excisão de neoplasias orais, exodontias, lesões perfurantes, acidentes automobilísticos e acidentes com choques elétricos. Os principais sintomas sinais clínicos são espirros, secreção nasal purulenta e salivar, dificuldade de alimentação e ingestão de água sendo a pneumonia por aspiração a alteração mais grave, podendo levar o animal a óbito. O tratamento das fendas consiste na oclusão da comunicação oronasal, que pode ser feita por meio de enxertos mucoperiosteias, flaps pediculados ou com uso de obturadores palatinos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o uso de do obturador palatino como método de tratamento de fenda palatina adquirida, em um paciente felino, como causa foi por acidente com fio de alta tensão. Já haviam sido realizadas duas correções cirúrgicas que resultou em deiscência dos pontos e perpetuação da fistula oronasal. Após a fixação do obturador palatino o animal apresentou melhora de todos os sinais clínicos, e da qualidade de vida, e o período de avaliação já superou um ano.(AU)

Flap bipedicular no tratamento de lesão cutânea traumática em membro torácico de gato: relato de caso / Bipedicular flap in the treatment of traumatic skin injury in cat thoracic member: case report

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a construção de um retalho direto de bolsa bipediculada com fixação apendicular à região torácica para o tratamento de lesões extensas no membro torácico direito de um gato. Foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, um felino de 1 ano de idade, apresentando lesão no membro torácico, após história de briga com outro animal da mesma espécie. Ao exame físico, apresentava fístula e edema no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi anestesiado e foi realizado o desbridamento das áreas desvitalizadas. Como terapia inicial, a lesão foi tratada como ferida aberta, até a formação de tecido de granulação, para posterior correção do defeito empregando retalho bipediculado em bolsa direta, com fixação temporária do membro à parede torácica. Após duas semanas, o membro foi desimplantado e os pontos foram removidos 21 dias após a aplicação do retalho. O uso do retalho permitiu completa cicatrização da ferida, sem ocorrência de hematomas, necrose ou deiscência de sutura. Conclui-se que a utilização do retalho bipedicular é aplicável ao tratamento de feridas traumáticas em membro torácico de felinos.(AU)

The aim of the present study is to report the construction of a direct bipedicled pouch flap with appendicular fixation to the thoracic region for the treatment of extensive lesions in the right thoracic limb of a cat. He was treated on Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, a 1-year-old feline, presenting injury to the thoracic limb after a history of fighting with another animal of the same species. On physical examination, he presented fistula and edema in the right thoracic limb. The patient was anesthetized and debridement of the devitalized areas was performed. As an initial therapy, the lesion was treated as an open wound until granulation tissue was formed for subsequent correction of the defect using a direct pouch bipedicled flap, with temporary fixation of the limb to the chest wall. After two weeks, the limb was unimplanted and the stitches were removed 21 days after flap application. The use of the flap allowed complete wound healing without bruising, necrosis or suture dehiscence. It is concluded that the use of bipedicular flap is applicable to the treatment of traumatic wounds in feline thoracic limb.(AU)

Flap bipedicular no tratamento de lesão cutânea traumática em membro torácico de gato: relato de caso / Bipedicular flap in the treatment of traumatic skin injury in cat thoracic member: case report

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a construção de um retalho direto de bolsa bipediculada com fixação apendicular à região torácica para o tratamento de lesões extensas no membro torácico direito de um gato. Foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, um felino de 1 ano de idade, apresentando lesão no membro torácico, após história de briga com outro animal da mesma espécie. Ao exame físico, apresentava fístula e edema no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi anestesiado e foi realizado o desbridamento das áreas desvitalizadas. Como terapia inicial, a lesão foi tratada como ferida aberta, até a formação de tecido de granulação, para posterior correção do defeito empregando retalho bipediculado em bolsa direta, com fixação temporária do membro à parede torácica. Após duas semanas, o membro foi desimplantado e os pontos foram removidos 21 dias após a aplicação do retalho. O uso do retalho permitiu completa cicatrização da ferida, sem ocorrência de hematomas, necrose ou deiscência de sutura. Conclui-se que a utilização do retalho bipedicular é aplicável ao tratamento de feridas traumáticas em membro torácico de felinos.

The aim of the present study is to report the construction of a direct bipedicled pouch flap with appendicular fixation to the thoracic region for the treatment of extensive lesions in the right thoracic limb of a cat. He was treated on Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, a 1-year-old feline, presenting injury to the thoracic limb after a history of fighting with another animal of the same species. On physical examination, he presented fistula and edema in the right thoracic limb. The patient was anesthetized and debridement of the devitalized areas was performed. As an initial therapy, the lesion was treated as an open wound until granulation tissue was formed for subsequent correction of the defect using a direct pouch bipedicled flap, with temporary fixation of the limb to the chest wall. After two weeks, the limb was unimplanted and the stitches were removed 21 days after flap application. The use of the flap allowed complete wound healing without bruising, necrosis or suture dehiscence. It is concluded that the use of bipedicular flap is applicable to the treatment of traumatic wounds in feline thoracic limb.

Atresia anal e malformações estruturais da região do períneo e ânus em uma égua / Anal atresia and structural malformations of the perineum and anus in a mare

Background: Anal atresia is a congenital defect and is related to the flaw of an opening in the membrane that separates the endoderm of the posterior intestine from the ectodermic anal membrane. This anomaly can cause debilitating disease, death, or abnormal development of the animal. Clinical presentation of urethrorectal fistula in domestic animals differs between males and females, as in the former there is passage of the urine through the anus, whereas in females there is elimination of the feces through the vulva. The absence of description of this disease in horses stimulated describing a case of surgical resolution of anal atresia, rectal bulb agenesis, and pneumovagina of an adult mare. Case: Mare with a history of defecating through the vagina. In the anamnesis, it was determined that the owner noticed the problem after observing the animal during a walk. Clinical examination verified absence of the anus with stool evacuation through the vagina, pneumovagina, and signs of cystitis, as the animal frequently urinated small volumes. Complementary laboratory tests of blood and urine were carried out for the diagnosis of cystitis, serum biochemistry, hemogram, and urinalysis being evaluated. The operation was scheduled for 8 days after clinical tests and sodium ceftiofur was prescribed, at a dose of 4.4 mg/kg, administered intramuscularly for 7 days. On the date chosen for surgical intervention, the animal was fasted for the previous 12 h; procedures began with the containment of the animal in a stock, followed by pre-anesthesia with detomidine, at a dose of 20 µg/kg, administered intravenously in solution at 1%. Anesthesia was a low peridural with 2% lidocaine at a total dose of 15 mL, to be able to work in the quadruped position. After containment of the tail and taking antiseptic and aseptic care, sutures were made in the skin...(AU)

Atresia anal e malformações estruturais da região do períneo e ânus em uma égua / Anal atresia and structural malformations of the perineum and anus in a mare

Background: Anal atresia is a congenital defect and is related to the flaw of an opening in the membrane that separates the endoderm of the posterior intestine from the ectodermic anal membrane. This anomaly can cause debilitating disease, death, or abnormal development of the animal. Clinical presentation of urethrorectal fistula in domestic animals differs between males and females, as in the former there is passage of the urine through the anus, whereas in females there is elimination of the feces through the vulva. The absence of description of this disease in horses stimulated describing a case of surgical resolution of anal atresia, rectal bulb agenesis, and pneumovagina of an adult mare. Case: Mare with a history of defecating through the vagina. In the anamnesis, it was determined that the owner noticed the problem after observing the animal during a walk. Clinical examination verified absence of the anus with stool evacuation through the vagina, pneumovagina, and signs of cystitis, as the animal frequently urinated small volumes. Complementary laboratory tests of blood and urine were carried out for the diagnosis of cystitis, serum biochemistry, hemogram, and urinalysis being evaluated. The operation was scheduled for 8 days after clinical tests and sodium ceftiofur was prescribed, at a dose of 4.4 mg/kg, administered intramuscularly for 7 days. On the date chosen for surgical intervention, the animal was fasted for the previous 12 h; procedures began with the containment of the animal in a stock, followed by pre-anesthesia with detomidine, at a dose of 20 µg/kg, administered intravenously in solution at 1%. Anesthesia was a low peridural with 2% lidocaine at a total dose of 15 mL, to be able to work in the quadruped position. After containment of the tail and taking antiseptic and aseptic care, sutures were made in the skin...

Validation of device for detection of metallic foreign bodies in cattle / Validação de aparelho para detecção de corpos estranhos metálicos em bovinos

The ingestion of foreign bodies, mainly metallic (MFB- metallic foreign body), by cattle is frequent and can lead to death. For diagnostic purposes, reticular pain tests are routinely used, and ferroscopy is still unusual, even as a diagnostic aid. The objective of this study was to validate the application of the GMS 120 Professional BOSCH® metal detector (MD) in the detection of MFB in the bovine species and describe its use in field cases. Fifty MFBs of varying shape, size, and weight were evaluated with an MD, initially on a flat and inert surface, and then in a permanent rumen fistulated cow. Retrospectively, a database from 2000 to 2017 with 122015 cattle was accessed, of which 31865 were examined after the introduction of MD usage in 2013. Fifteen cows positive for reticular pain tests were prospectively evaluated and eight cows were diagnosed with MFB through MD usage. The mean distance for MFB best detection on the inert surface was 4.6 cm. In the fistulated cow, it was not possible to detect any MFBs, regardless of the size or weight of the material. The MFB detection capacity increased with MD use, which can be considered a diagnostic aid in specific situations. Depending on the body condition of the bovine, false negatives may occur with the use of GMS 120 Professional Bosch® metal detector.(AU)

A ingestão de corpos estranhos, principalmente metálicos (CEM), pelos bovinos é frequente e pode levar à sua morte. Para fins diagnósticos, as provas de dor reticular são usados de forma rotineira, sendo ainda pouco usual a ferroscopia, mesmo como auxílio diagnóstico. Neste trabalho procurou-se validar a aplicação do detector de metais (DM), marca GMS 120 Professional BOSCH® no reconhecimento de CEM na espécie bovina, além de descrever seu uso em casos a campo. CEM (n=50) de forma, tamanho e peso variados foram selecionados e avaliados com o DM, inicialmente sobre uma superfície plana e inerte e depois in vivo em uma vaca com fístula ruminal. Retrospectivamente, acessou-se um banco de dados dos anos 2000 a 2017 com 122015 bovinos, com 31865 bovinos atendidos após a introdução do DM no ano de 2013. Prospectivamente, avaliaram-se 15 vacas positivas para o teste de dor reticular, oito vacas foram diagnosticadas com CEM através do DM. A distância média para a melhor detecção dos CEM na superfície inerte foi de 4,6 cm. Em vaca fistulada não foi possível detectar nenhum CEM, independentemente do tamanho e peso do material. A campo, após a introdução do uso do DM aumentou a capacidade de detecção dos CEM. O DM pode ser considerado um auxílio diagnóstico em situações específicas. Dependendo da condição corporal do bovino, falsos negativos podem ocorrer com o uso do aparelho GMS 120 Professional Bosch®.(AU)

Fístula orofacial causada por abcesso periapical em equino / Orofacial fistula caused by periapical abcession

Os problemas relacionados à odontologia equina são cada vez mais frequentes devido à sua domesticação e confinamento precoce, que alteram os hábitos e padrões alimentares, culminando principalmente em perda de peso e baixo desempenho do animal, além de prejudicar a digestibilidade dos alimentos. Isso pode causar, entre várias consequências, um abscesso alveolar crônico do dente, que se apresenta como uma fístula, que pode ser intraoral ou extra oralmente. Uma equina que apresentou alterações no padrão mastigatório, pontas do esmalte dentário e ulcerações vestibulares foi submetida à extração dentária do dente comprometido (206) pela técnica intraoral. O tratamento pós-operatório baseou-se na lavagem da boca do cavalo com água corrente, aplicação de mel de abelha adicionado de própolis e uso de antibiótico anti-inflamatório, para que houvesse remissão completa dos sinais clínicos de desconforto e fechamento bucais da fístula orofacial.(AU)

Problems related to equine dentistry are increasingly frequent due to its taming and early confinement that change eating habits and patterns, mainly culminating in weight loss and poor performance of the animal, as well as impairing the digestibility of food. This can cause, among several consequences, a chronic alveolar tooth abscess, which presents as a fistula, which may be intraorally or extraorally. A female horse that presented alterations in the chewing pattern, dental enamel tips and vestibular ulcerations was submitted to dental extraction of the compromised tooth (206) by the intraoral technique. The postoperative treatment was based on washing the horse's mouth with running water, applying bee honey added with propolis, and the use of anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, so that there was complete remission of clinical signs of oral discomfort and closure. of the orofacial fistula.(AU)

Fístula orofacial causada por abcesso periapical em equino / Orofacial fistula caused by periapical abcession

Os problemas relacionados à odontologia equina são cada vez mais frequentes devido à sua domesticação e confinamento precoce, que alteram os hábitos e padrões alimentares, culminando principalmente em perda de peso e baixo desempenho do animal, além de prejudicar a digestibilidade dos alimentos. Isso pode causar, entre várias consequências, um abscesso alveolar crônico do dente, que se apresenta como uma fístula, que pode ser intraoral ou extraoralmente. Uma equina que apresentou alterações no padrão mastigatório, pontas do esmalte dentário e ulcerações vestibulares foi submetida à extração dentária do dente comprometido (206) pela técnica intraoral. O tratamento pós-operatório baseou-se na lavagem da boca do cavalo com água corrente, aplicação de mel de abelha adicionado de própolis e uso de antibiótico anti-inflamatório, para que houvesse remissão completa dos sinais clínicos de desconforto e fechamento bucais da fístula orofacial.

Problems related to equine dentistry are increasingly frequent due to its taming and early confinement that change eating habits and patterns, mainly culminating in weight loss and poor performance of the animal, as well as impairing the digestibility of food. This can cause, among several consequences, a chronic alveolar tooth abscess, which presents as a fistula, which may be intraorally or extraorally. A female horse that presented alterations in the chewing pattern, dental enamel tips and vestibular ulcerations was submitted to dental extraction of the compromised tooth (206) by the intraoral technique. The postoperative treatment was based on washing the horse's mouth with running water, applying bee honey added with propolis, and the use of anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, so that there was complete remission of clinical signs of oral discomfort and closure. of the orofacial fistula.

Exerése cirúrgica das lesões de um felino com micobacteriose cutânea atípica / Surgical debridement of the injuries of a feline with atypical skin mycobacteriosis

As micobacterioses são bacilos resistentes a ácidos, causando doença crônica e progressiva em animais. Os felinos podem ser suscetíveis a infecções por micobactérias, especialmente quando há imunossupressão causada por retrovírus e / ou lesões por combate. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de micobacteriose felina atípica. Foi tratado em uma clínica veterinária particular, um felino, feminino, com histórico de ováriosalpingohisterectomia por um mês e com lesões fistulares na região da cirurgia. Foi realizada biópsia incisional e avaliação histopatológica, onde a análise foi compatível com micobacteriose atípica. A ressecção cirúrgica da maioria dos tecidos afetados foi realizada e a antibioticoterapia foi iniciada com marbofloxacina 2,2 mg / kg, SID, por 7 dias. Em vista do diagnóstico definitivo de micobacteriose atípica, doxiciclina 5 mg / kg, BID, foi adicionada à terapia por 90 dias, com regressão total da doença. A combinação de medicamentos com exérese cirúrgica é uma boa combinação terapêutica para uma remissão mais rápida da condição clínica.(AU)

Mycobacteriosis are acid-resistant bacilli causing chronic and progressive disease in animals. Felines may be susceptible to mycobacterial infections, especially when there is immunosuppression caused by retroviruses and / or fight injuries. The aim of this paper is to report a case of atypical feline mycobacteriosis. Was treated at a private veterinary clinic, a feline, female with a history of ovariosalpingohisterectomy for a month and with fistular lesions in the region of surgery. An incisional biopsy and histopathological evaluation were performed, where the analysis was compatible with atypical mycobacteriosis. Surgical resection of most of the affected tissue was performed and antibiotic therapy was startedusing marbofloxacin 2.2 mg/kg, SID, for 7 days. In view of the definitive diagnosis of atypical mycobacteriosis, doxycycline 5 mg/kg, BID, was added to the therapy for 90 days, with total regression of the condition. Combination of drugs with surgical exeresis is a good therapeutic combination for a faster remission of the clinical condition.(AU)

Infiltrative rectal adenocarcinoma in a dog

Background: Intestinal neoplasms are uncommon in dogs and adenocarcinoma is the main histological type found. Thisneoplasm presents slow growth and high capacity of causing metastasis. Histologically speaking, neoplasm cells can presentsolid, tubular, papillary arrangement and note amorphous extra-cellular material. Clinically observed tenesmus, diarrhea,dyskinesia, hematochezia, mane, protrusion of the anus, weight loss, anorexia. The occurrence and clinicopathologicalaspects of tumors in dogs’ gastrointestinal tract, the rectal segment, remains poorly understood. Accordingly, the aim ofthe present study is to report a case on infiltrative rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed in a dog.Case: A 7-year-old male dog representative of the Fila Brasileiro breed was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of University Federal Rural of Amazonia, with history of hyperthermia, anorexia, apathy and tenesmus. Imaging examinationsdepicted prostatomegaly. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and showed the thickening and hardening of the rectumsegment. The animal was subjected to euthanasia. Necroscopy showed increased rectal perimeter; the mucosa in its opening presented atypical cerebroid aspect and irregular surface, and areas dark red. The rectal segment depicted a thick wallof white color, irregular limits covering the muscular and adjacent sub-mucosa. The peri-rectal adipose tissue presentedpoor delimitation with the rectum, multiple greyish and reddish areas. Increased prostate and iliac lymph, and multi nodeof regular limits in the lungs. The histology of the rectal tissue depicted epithelium with differentiated neoformation,composed of atypical cells; nuclear anisocytosis, anisocariasis and hyperchromasia placed in small islands, cords or tubular formation. Neoplasm growth was unorganized and of infiltrative character. Some areas presented mucosal patterncells with Signal Ring morphologic. Multiple rectal blood...