Abordagem terapêutica hormonal para cistos foliculares ovarianos em vacas leiteiras - relato de casos / Hormonal therapeutic approach for ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cattle - case reports / Enfoque terapéutico hormonal para quistes foliculares ováricos en vacas lecheras - informe de casos

Vacas de alta produção de leite estão mais sujeitas a desequilíbrios metabólicos pós-parto, influenciando na performance reprodutiva subsequente. Alterações relacionadas a funcionalidade do ovário podem desencadear desequilíbrios hormonais e desordens reprodutivas, como a formação de cistos ovarianos, os quais podem interferir no processo de ovulação e impactar substancialmente na eficiência reprodutiva. Neste estudo de caso em específico, sete vacas leiteiras foram diagnosticadas com a presença de cistos foliculares ovarianos. Foram submetidas a terapia hormonal envolvendo o uso de análogos de Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotrofinas (GnRH) e prostaglandina-F2a (PGF-2a), a qual apresentou resultados satisfatórios. A abordagem terapêutica hormonal tem sido amplamente utilizada devido à sua efetividade na resolução dos cistos ováricos e melhoria da função reprodutiva. É fundamental que o médico veterinário tenha conhecimento clínico sobre a abordagem adequada de cistos ovarianos, a fim de proporcionar saúde e bem-estar aos animais, garantindo bons índices em produção de leite e desempenho reprodutivo.

High milk production cows are more likely to postpartum metabolic imbalances, which may influence subsequent reproductive performance. Changes in ovarian functionality can trigger hormonal alterations and reproductive disorders, such as the formation of ovarian cysts, which can interfere with the ovulation process and substantially impact reproductive efficiency. In this specific case study, seven dairy cows were diagnosed with the presence of ovarian follicular cysts. They were submitted to hormonal therapy involving the use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2a (PGF-2a) analogs, which presented satisfactory results. Hormonal therapeutic approaches have been widely employed due to their effectiveness in resolving ovarian cysts and improving reproductive function. It is essential for the veterinarian to have clinical knowledge about the appropriate management of ovarian cysts in order to provide the health and welfare of the animals, ensuring suitable rates in milk production and reproductive performance.

Las vacas de alta producción de leche tienen mayor probabilidad de desequilibrios metabólicos posparto, lo cual puede influir en el rendimiento reproductivo posterior. Los cambios en la funcionalidad ovárica pueden desencadenar alteraciones hormonales y trastornos reproductivos, como la formación de quistes ováricos, que pueden interferir en el proceso de ovulación y afectar sustancialmente la eficiencia reproductiva. En este estudio de caso específico, se diagnosticó la presencia de quistes foliculares ováricos en siete vacas lecheras. Se sometieron a terapia hormonal que incluyó el uso de análogos de Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropinas (GnRH) y prostaglandina F2α (PGF-2a), lo cual arrojó resultados satisfactorios. Los enfoques terapéuticos hormonales se han utilizado ampliamente debido a su efectividad en la resolución de quistes ováricos y la mejora de la función reproductiva. Es fundamental que el médico veterinario tenga conocimiento clínico sobre el manejo adecuado de los quistes ováricos para garantizar la salud y el bienestar de los animales, asegurando adecuadas tasas de producción de leche y rendimiento reproductivo.

Pyometra in a tiger (Panthera tigris)

Background: Captive tigers can live a long life, around 26 years. Among the diseases described some of non-infectious origin are quite common, such as chronic kidney disease, spondylosis, and biliary cysts or tumors. On the other hand, pyometra has been frequently reported in lions, who have a higher risk of developing the disease than tigers and leopards. Pyometra is a disease with few descriptions in tigers and it may be related to the physiological features of the species. The animal is listed as Endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened. The present report aims to describe the diagnosis and treatment of pyometra in a captive tigress. Case: A 7-year-old entire female tiger (Panthera tigris) weighing 140 kg was presented with a 3-day history of anorexia and prostration. For clinical examinations, collection of laboratory and imaging tests, the patient initially underwent dissociative anesthesia to allow catheterization of the cephalic vein and intravenous general anesthesia for orotracheal intubation followed by anesthetic maintenance in isoflurane. On general physical examination, the animal had normal colored mucosa, vital parameters within normal limits, and a body condition score of 6 on a scale of 9. There was no presence of vulvar secretion. The blood count and the biochemical exams showed values within the normal range for the species. The chest X-ray in the right and left views did not demonstrate pulmonary abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed distension of the uterine body and horns, which have intraluminal hyperechoic fluid content without flocculation. Based on the imaging exam, the diagnosis was suggestive of pyometra. Exploratory celiotomy was performed via ventral midline, confirming the condition, which was treated by ovariohysterectomy. The surgical technique was performed as described for therapeutic ovariohysterectomy in dogs and cats. Culture of uterine content identified Escherichia coli. The histological analysis identified diffuse endometritis associated with follicular cysts. The tiger had complete recovery without any complications. The patient was releasing 13 days after the surgical procedure and in the last contact four months after the surgery, it was in perfect health conditions. Discussion: Pyometra in large exotic felids has been occasionally reported, mainly in animals more than 10 years of age. Although the tigress in the report is estimated to be seven years old. The patient in question started with anorexia and prostration and as there was already a history of cystic endometrial hyperplasia, a possible pyometra was suspected, despite being uncommon in the species. There was not vaginal discharge. The definitive diagnosis was by means of ultrasound examination and ovariohysterectomy was performed. Abdominal surgery for these large felids is complex, due to the intra-abdominal volume the flank approach or by laparoscopic is suggested, however in this case a ventral midline incision was performed without intercurrences and complications in the post-operative period. The surgical technique like that used in small animals was effective for the treatment of pyometra in the tigress with the use of ovariohysterectomy. Culture of uterine content identified Escherichia coli, which has been the most commonly isolated pathogen in pyometra of large felids. It was concluded that, as in bitches with pyometra, early diagnosis and surgical treatment is ideal for the patient's recovery.

Pathomorphological lesions in the ovaries of water buffaloes

Background: Buffalo breeding is common in many countries. Buffalo's milk is used in the production of mozzarella, yoghurt, ice cream, and various dairy desserts; meat is preferred in sausage production. The female buffaloes are bred to benefit from their milk and to obtain offspring. These animals, which are not suitable for feeding in barns, generally live in pastures, especially on wet land, and are very difficult to follow. Therefore, diseases occur randomly in slaughterhouses. Studies on genital system problems are very limited. Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are animals with economic value as many buffalo products are provided. In this respect, inspection and control of female genital disorders is fundamental to ensure good reproductive performance of female buffaloes. The aim of the study was to investigate pathomorphological lesions occurring in the ovaries of water buffaloes which were sent to slaughterhouses. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 198 ovaries of water buffaloes were collected from various slaughterhouses located in Adapazari, Istanbul, Kocaeli, Samsun and Trabzon cities of Turkey. After macroscopic examination; tissue samples were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin, processed routinely and were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). As a histochemical staining, Masson's trichrome staining was applied to characterize the lesions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 10 % neutral formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded, 4-6-µm-thick sections from ovaries using progesterone receptor (PR) with streptavidin-biotin complex peroxidase (StrepABC-P) method. Histopathologically, follicular cysts (n:147) and luteal cysts (n:22) were seen. While the cyst lumens were sometimes surrounded by granulosa and/or luteal cells, most of them were limited by the connective tissue capsule structure. This capsule structure was shown in blue by Masson's trichrome staining. Hemorrhage was observed in some cystic corpus luteum, diagnosed as corpus hemorrhagicum. In addition, cysts giving papillary extension into the lumen and inflammation of some ovaries were observed. Immunohistochemically, the staining with PR antibody in ovarian cysts showed no immunolabelling around the follicular cyst, while the nuclei of some of the luteal cells forming the luteal cyst had strongly nuclear positivity and slightly cytoplasmic positivity. In the biochemical examination of the fluids obtained from cystic ovaries (n: 37), the average of estradiol was 2.84 ng/mL (min: 0.01 ng/mL, max: 4.30 ng/mL) and progesterone average is 49.09 ng/mL (min: 1.88 ng/mL, max: 254.2 ng/mL). Discussion: Ovarian cysts in buffaloes seem to be among the serious fertility problems as in cattle. Although the exact cause of ovarian cyts has not been determined yet, it is known that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is disrupted in cyst formation in general. In this study, the mean estradiol value was within the standard range but close to the lower limit; progesterone value was above the limit. The increase in progesterone level was compatible with the pathogenesis of cyst genesis. Beside this result, staining with PR was positive in the luteal cells that formed the luteal cyst immunohistochemically. In addition, although the hemorrhages observed in the corpus luteum are considered physiological, it should not be forgotten that they can be vital if they rupture. All these results show us the animals sent for slaughtering mostly have serious genital problems threatening their fertility.

Productive and reproductive performance of crossbred dairy heifers with induced lactation and efficacy of antimicrobial therapy associated with internal teat sealants / Desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de novilhas com lactação induzida e eficácia da terapia antimicrobiana associada com selante interno de tetos

This study evaluated (a) the efficacy of an association between injectable antibiotic therapy and sealant (ATBS) on milk yield (MY), somatic cell count (SCC), and prevalence of intramammary infections (IMI); and (b) the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on follicular cyst (FCs) resolution (cyclicity at the 45th day in milk; DIM) and cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) in heifers submitted to a lactation induction protocol (LIP). A total of 114 crossbred (Holstein × Jersey) heifers, with 34.7 ± 4.8 months and 439 ± 56.35 kg were submitted to LIP. On the 5th day of the LIP, the heifers were assigned to (i) ATBS (n = 57) with 7 mg/kg of norfloxacin associated with sealant and (ii) Control 1 (n = 57; CONT1) with no treatments. Lactation began on the 21st day of LIP and the 15th DIM, FCs were diagnosed and 106 heifers were randomized into two treatment groups with 53 heifers each: (i) GnRH (5 mL injectable GnRH) and (ii) Control 2 (CONT2; no treatment). Of the 114 heifers initially induced, 83.33% (n = 95) responded to LIP with an average MY of 15.19 kg/milk/day during 22 weeks of lactation. In the first 14 DIM, the IMI prevalence was 18% and 28% for heifers ATBS and CONT1 treated, respectively. Additionally, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated group of pathogens. Mammary quarters that received ATBS treatment had a lower risk of IMI and SCC than CONT1. The cyclicity at 45 DIM was 68% (ATBS) and 35% (CONT1), and 57% and 46% for animals in the GnRH and CONT2. CPR was 60% in the ATBS group and 89% in CONT1, but GnRH treatment did not affect the CPR. In conclusion, LIP was effective in stimulating MY in heifers, and the IMI prevalence decreased with ATBS treatment. Also, the use of GnRH did not affect the FC regression, cyclicity at 45 DIM, and CPR.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a (i) eficácia da associação entre antibioticoterapia injetável e selante interno de tetos (ATBS) na produção de leite (PL), contagem de células somáticas (CCS), e prevalência de infecções intramamárias (IIM); e (ii) eficácia do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH) na resolução de cistos foliculares (CFs), ciclicidade ao 45º dia em lactação (DEL) e taxa de prenhez cumulativa (TPC) em novilhas submetidas a um protocolo de indução de lactação (PIL). Um total de 114 novilhas mestiças (Holandês × Jersey), com 34,7 ± 4,8 meses e 439 ± 56,35 kg foram submetidas ao PIL. No 5º dia do PIL, as novilhas receberam: (i) ATBS (n = 57) com 7 mg/kg de norfloxacina associada ao selante interno de tetos e (ii) Controle 1 (n = 57; CONT1) sem tratamento. A lactação teve início no 21º dia do PIL e no 15º DEL, foram diagnosticados CFs e 106 novilhas foram agrupadas em dois grupos de tratamento com 53 novilhas em cada: (i) GnRH (5 mL de GnRH injetável) e (ii) Controle 2 (CONT2; sem tratamento). Das 114 novilhas inicialmente induzidas, 83,33% (n = 95) responderam ao PIL com PL média de 15,19 kg/leite/d durante 22 semanas de lactação. Nos primeiros 14 DEL a prevalência de IIM foi de 18% e 28% para as novilhas tratadas com ATBS e CONT1, respectivamente. Além disso, estafilococos coagulase negativa foram o grupo de patógenos mais frequentemente isolados. Quartos mamários tratados com ATBS tiveram menor risco (0,56) de IIM e menor CCS do que CONT1. A ciclicidade a 45 DEL foi de 68% (ATBS) e 35% (CONT1), e 57% e 46% para os animais no GnRH e CONT2. A TPC foi de 60% no grupo ATBS e 89% no CONT1, porém o tratamento com GnRH não afetou a TPC. Em conclusão, o PIL foi eficaz em estimular a PL em novilhas tardias e a prevalência de IIM diminiuiu com o tratamento ATBS. Além disso, o uso de GnRH não afetou a regressão de CF, ciclicidade em 45 DEL e a TPC.(AU)

Hermafroditismo verdadeiro na espécie suína / True hermaphroditism in the swine specie

Os hermafroditas verdadeiros são animais com intersexualidade, nos quais as gônadas masculinas e femininas se desenvolvem simultaneamente no mesmo indivíduo. Este trabalho relata um caso de hermafrodita na espécie suína após descarte de uma fêmea por diagnóstico de anestro. Tratava-se de uma fêmea com 222 dias de idade e 150 kg a qual havia sido selecionada para reprodução e permanecia em anestro. O indivíduo foi descartado e enviado para o abate em frigorífico sob inspeção federal. Após o abate foi observado no sistema genital aspectos anatômicos sugestivos de hermafroditismo. O sistema genital foi coletado, inspecionado macroscopicamente e conservado em formol a 10% para avaliação microscópica. Durante a análise macroscópica foi verificada a presença de vulva e vagina, contendo um pênis rudimentar. O útero, a cérvix, os cornos uterinos e oviduto estavam presentes e com ausência de anormalidade. Havia um ovário esquerdo com aspectos morfológicos de ciclicidade e folículos contendo oócitos de alta qualidade. À direita, entretanto, foi constatada a presença de um testículo, epidídimo e plexo pampiniforme. A avaliação histopatológica comprovou os achados macroscópicos, demonstrando um ovário contendo folículos, corpos lúteos e cistos foliculares; plexo pampiniforme; testículo e epidídimo com aspecto histológico normal, porém, com ausência de células espermatogênicas. Assim, com base nos achados macro e microscópicos descritos nesse relato de caso, o indivíduo foi considerado como hermafrodita verdadeiro.(AU)

True hermaphrodites are intersexual animals, in which both male and female gonads develop simultaneously in the same individual. This paper reports a case of a true hermaphrodite in the swine species after its culling for anestrus. The specimen was a female of 222 days of age and 150 kg of body weight, that was selected for reproduction and was permanently in anestrus. This individual was culled and sent to an abattoir under federal inspection. After slaughtering, it was observed in the reproductive tract anatomical aspects that suggested hermaphroditism. The reproductive tract was collected, evaluated macroscopically, and preserved in formaldehyde at 10 % to be evaluated by light microscopy. During the macroscopic analysis, the presence of a vulva and a vagina with a rudimentary penis was detected. The uterus, the cervix, uterine horns, and the oviduct were present and abnormalities were not detected. The left ovary exhibited morphological signs of cyclicity and contained follicles with high quality oocytes. On the right side, however, it was observed a testicle, epididymis, and a pampiniform plexus. The histopathological assessment corroborated the macroscopic findings, which demonstrated that the ovary had follicles, corpus luteum, and follicular cysts, and pampiniform plexus, testicle and epididymis were histologically normal, though with the absence of spermatogenic cells. Thus, based on the macro and microscopic findings described herein, the individual was considered a true hermaphrodite.(AU)

Ovarian responses and FSH profiles at superovulation with a single epidural administration of gonadotropin in the Thai-Holstein crossbreed

Abstract The conventional method of ovarian superstimulation requires multiple injections of gonadotropins which is time-consuming and may be stressful for the cows. This study was designed to determine whether a single epidural injection of FSH (EI group) would induce the superovulatory response in the Thai-Holstein crossbreed and evaluate FSH plasma hormone concentrations. Eight cows (replication = 3; n=24) were assigned to one of 2 treatments in switch back design. Control group (n=12): cows were received 400 mg FSH twice daily by intramuscularly for 4 days (80, 80, 60, 60, 40, 40, 20 and 20 mg), EI group (n=12): cows were received 400 mg FSH by single epidural injection. Data were collected in term of ovarian follicle responses, superovulatory responses, ova/embryo collection. FSH concentrations were examined using ELISA. The total follicular responses during oestrus were not different between treatments; however, the large follicles were less frequent (P < 0.01) while the medium follicle sizes were higher (P < 0.05) in the EI group. The plasma concentration of FSH in EI was dramatically increased within 2 hours before decreasing sharply thereafter (P < 0.01) and did not remain above baseline after 10 hours of administration. The embryo quality was better in the control than the EI groups (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the number of ovulation cysts in the EI group was 50%. The ovarian responses and embryo quality in the cows with cysts were worse compared with the non-cyst groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, alternative protocols decreased the superovulatory response and increased poor embryo quality in Thai-Holstein crossbred. Also, the incidence of ovarian follicular cysts is higher in the EI group.

Ovarian responses and FSH profiles at superovulation with a single epidural administration of gonadotropin in the Thai-Holstein crossbreed

The conventional method of ovarian superstimulation requires multiple injections of gonadotropins which is time-consuming and may be stressful for the cows. This study was designed to determine whether a single epidural injection of FSH (EI group) would induce the superovulatory response in the Thai-Holstein crossbreed and evaluate FSH plasma hormone concentrations. Eight cows (replication = 3; n=24) were assigned to one of 2 treatments in switch back design. Control group (n=12): cows were received 400 mg FSH twice daily by intramuscularly for 4 days (80, 80, 60, 60, 40, 40, 20 and 20 mg), EI group (n=12): cows were received 400 mg FSH by single epidural injection. Data were collected in term of ovarian follicle responses, superovulatory responses, ova/embryo collection. FSH concentrations were examined using ELISA. The total follicular responses during oestrus were not different between treatments; however, the large follicles were less frequent (P < 0.01) while the medium follicle sizes were higher (P < 0.05) in the EI group. The plasma concentration of FSH in EI was dramatically increased within 2 hours before decreasing sharply thereafter (P < 0.01) and did not remain above baseline after 10 hours of administration. The embryo quality was better in the control than the EI groups (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the number of ovulation cysts in the EI group was 50%. The ovarian responses and embryo quality in the cows with cysts were worse compared with the non-cyst groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, alternative protocols decreased the superovulatory response and increased poor embryo quality in Thai-Holstein crossbred. Also, the incidence of ovarian follicular cysts is higher in the EI group.(AU)

Histopathological study of canine sebaceous tumors and their association with PCNA expression by immunohistochemistry / Estudo histopatológico de tumores sebáceos caninos e sua associação com a expressão de PCNA por imuno-histoquímica

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs. These tumors include both benign and malignant lesions. Immunohistochemical evaluation of these tumors can aggregate information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. Focusing on this matter, sixty-one samples including normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, with no predilection for sex, from the archive of Veterinary Pathology Service of Federal Fluminense University, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. The samples underwent to histological processing, routine staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the distribution of anti-PCNA labelling in different groups of variables. In case there were more than two groups, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. The most affected breeds were Caniches and Cocker Spaniels, as well as mixed breed animals. There was immunostaining of PCNA in both benign and malignant tumors, as well as in hyperplasic lesions with varying intensity. Most of the tumors were neoplasms which represented 67.27% of the total sample; within these, 75.00% were benign. The most frequent neoplasm was sebaceous adenoma (37.74%). Results indicated no statistical difference in the distribution of anti-PCNA labelling between the groups of sex, age, reproductive status, localization, size of tumor, and histopathological diagnosis. Although there are not many studies analyzing anti-PCNA labelling in sebaceous tumors, several of them pointed out to the predictive value in other neoplasms. With this matter in mind, we intended to evaluate the expression of anti-PCNA in canine sebaceous tumor and a possible association with the malignancy of the lesions.

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.

Lesions of the sheep reproductive system found in a slaughterhouse in the state of Bahia, Brazil / Lesões do sistema reprodutor em ovelhas de abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia

The present study aimed to evaluate and diagnose pathologies of the reproductive system of slaughtered sheep in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia since there are few data on the subject as well as it is important to note the diagnosis of these diseases to apply appropriate control and prophylaxis measures. The research was carried out in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia according to the "Serviço de Inspeção Federal" and "Serviço de Inspeção Estadual" for sheep slaughter. From July 2018 to February 2019, visits and monitoring of 1,072 slaughtered sheep were carried out. The animals came from 22 municipalities in the state of Bahia, aged from six to 18 months. During slaughter, the sheep reproductive systems were sectioned for evisceration and lesion collection. Additionally, epidemiological surveys related to origin, age, and race were obtained. For bacteriological examination, collections were performed with sterile scalpel slides and swabs in Stuart medium sterile tubes and refrigerated in a thermal box. For histopathological analysis, fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and routinely processed for histology, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). A study of the sheep's main pathological changes in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia was carried out, in which 1.072 genital systems were evaluated, and 211 alterations were identified. The most affected reproductive organs were the ovaries (65.3%), followed by the uterus (29.4%) and uterine tubes (5.3%). In the ovaries, the most frequent lesion was a follicular cyst (34.1%); in the fallopian tubes, the cysts represented 3.3% of the lesions, and in the womb, endometritis was observed in 9% of the animals. Other pathologies identified in the ovaries were: luteinized cyst (2.3%); cystic granulosa cell tumor (0.5%); benign lesion (0.5%); agenesis unilateral (0.5%), in addition to other changes of little clinical significance, such as corpus luteum cysts (11.8%) and paraovarian cysts (15.6%). In the fallopian tubes, hydrosalpinx was observed (1%), as well as adenoma (0.5%), agenesis (0.5%), and cysts (3.3%). Uterine lesions included hydrometra (2.3%); Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH), abscess, and pyometra (1.4% each); adenomyosis, womb sera petechiae, and total segmental aplasia (1% each); two pregnant uterus, in early pregnancy, presented pyometra (0.9%), however, no change was observed in the fetuses; and uterine polyp (0.5%). Ectopic pregnancy with fetal maceration (0.5%) was observed; vaginitis occurred in 0.5% of the animals, and endometrial melanosis in 8.5%. The high incidence of follicular cysts and endometritis are characterized as diseases that reduce the reproductive efficiency in herds, causing infertility and economic losses in production.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e diagnosticar alterações do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas abatidas em abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi realizada em abatedouros frigoríficos do estado da Bahia com Serviços de Inspeção Federal e Estadual no abate de ovinos. No período de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019 foram realizadas visitas e acompanhamento do abate de 1.072 ovelhas. Os animais eram provenientes de 22 municípios do estado da Bahia, com idade entre 6 a 18 meses. Durante o abate, na evisceração foram seccionados os sistemas reprodutores das ovelhas para avaliação e coleta das lesões. Adicionalmente foram obtidos inquéritos epidemiológicos relacionados à procedência, idade e raça. Para o exame bacteriológico, as coletas foram realizadas com lâminas de bisturi estéreis e swabs em tubos estéreis com meio Stuart e refrigeradas em caixa térmica. Para análise histopatológica, os fragmentos foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados de forma rotineira para histologia e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Entre 1.072 sistemas genitais avaliados, identificou-se 211 alterações. Os órgãos do sistema reprodutor mais acometidos foram os ovários (65,3%), útero (29,4%) e tubas uterinas (5,3%). Nos ovários, a lesão mais frequente foi o cisto folicular (34,1%); no útero a endometrite (9%) e nas tubas uterinas, os cistos representaram (3,3%). Outras lesões identificadas nos ovários foram: cisto luteinizado (2,3%); tumor de células da granulosa (0,5%); adenoma (0,5%); agenesia unilateral (0,5%), além de outras alterações de pouco significado clínico, como cistos paraovarianos (15,6%) e corpo lúteo cístico (11,8%). Nas tubas uterinas observou-se, além dos cistos tubo-ovarianos (3,3%), hidrossalpinge (1%), adenoma (0,5%) e agenesia (0,5%). As lesões uterinas foram endometrite (9%), hidrometra (2,3%); hiperplasia endometrial cística, abscesso e piometra (1,4% cada); adenomiose, petéquias na serosa do útero e aplasia segmentar (1% cada); dois úteros gravídicos, em início de gestação, apresentaram piometra (0,9%), porém os fetos não apresentaram alterações; e pólipo uterino (0,5%). Observou-se uma gestação ectópica com maceração fetal (0,5%); a vaginite ocorreu em 0,5%, e melanose endometrial em 8,5%. Destaca-se a elevada incidência de cistos foliculares e endometrite que são doenças que reduzem a eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos, provocando infertilidade e perdas econômicas na produção.(AU)

Lesions of the sheep reproductive system found in a slaughterhouse in the state of Bahia, Brazil / Lesões do sistema reprodutor em ovelhas de abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia

The present study aimed to evaluate and diagnose pathologies of the reproductive system of slaughtered sheep in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia since there are few data on the subject as well as it is important to note the diagnosis of these diseases to apply appropriate control and prophylaxis measures. The research was carried out in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia according to the "Serviço de Inspeção Federal" and "Serviço de Inspeção Estadual" for sheep slaughter. From July 2018 to February 2019, visits and monitoring of 1,072 slaughtered sheep were carried out. The animals came from 22 municipalities in the state of Bahia, aged from six to 18 months. During slaughter, the sheep reproductive systems were sectioned for evisceration and lesion collection. Additionally, epidemiological surveys related to origin, age, and race were obtained. For bacteriological examination, collections were performed with sterile scalpel slides and swabs in Stuart medium sterile tubes and refrigerated in a thermal box. For histopathological analysis, fragments were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and routinely processed for histology, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). A study of the sheep's main pathological changes in slaughterhouses in the state of Bahia was carried out, in which 1.072 genital systems were evaluated, and 211 alterations were identified. The most affected reproductive organs were the ovaries (65.3%), followed by the uterus (29.4%) and uterine tubes (5.3%). In the ovaries, the most frequent lesion was a follicular cyst (34.1%); in the fallopian tubes, the cysts represented 3.3% of the lesions, and in the womb, endometritis was observed in 9% of the animals. Other pathologies identified in the ovaries were: luteinized cyst (2.3%); cystic granulosa cell tumor (0.5%); benign lesion (0.5%); agenesis unilateral (0.5%), in addition to other changes of little clinical significance, such as corpus luteum cysts (11.8%) and paraovarian cysts (15.6%). In the fallopian tubes, hydrosalpinx was observed (1%), as well as adenoma (0.5%), agenesis (0.5%), and cysts (3.3%). Uterine lesions included hydrometra (2.3%); Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH), abscess, and pyometra (1.4% each); adenomyosis, womb sera petechiae, and total segmental aplasia (1% each); two pregnant uterus, in early pregnancy, presented pyometra (0.9%), however, no change was observed in the fetuses; and uterine polyp (0.5%). Ectopic pregnancy with fetal maceration (0.5%) was observed; vaginitis occurred in 0.5% of the animals, and endometrial melanosis in 8.5%. The high incidence of follicular cysts and endometritis are characterized as diseases that reduce the reproductive efficiency in herds, causing infertility and economic losses in production.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e diagnosticar alterações do sistema reprodutor de ovelhas abatidas em abatedouros frigoríficos no estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi realizada em abatedouros frigoríficos do estado da Bahia com Serviços de Inspeção Federal e Estadual no abate de ovinos. No período de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019 foram realizadas visitas e acompanhamento do abate de 1.072 ovelhas. Os animais eram provenientes de 22 municípios do estado da Bahia, com idade entre 6 a 18 meses. Durante o abate, na evisceração foram seccionados os sistemas reprodutores das ovelhas para avaliação e coleta das lesões. Adicionalmente foram obtidos inquéritos epidemiológicos relacionados à procedência, idade e raça. Para o exame bacteriológico, as coletas foram realizadas com lâminas de bisturi estéreis e swabs em tubos estéreis com meio Stuart e refrigeradas em caixa térmica. Para análise histopatológica, os fragmentos foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados de forma rotineira para histologia e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Entre 1.072 sistemas genitais avaliados, identificou-se 211 alterações. Os órgãos do sistema reprodutor mais acometidos foram os ovários (65,3%), útero (29,4%) e tubas uterinas (5,3%). Nos ovários, a lesão mais frequente foi o cisto folicular (34,1%); no útero a endometrite (9%) e nas tubas uterinas, os cistos representaram (3,3%). Outras lesões identificadas nos ovários foram: cisto luteinizado (2,3%); tumor de células da granulosa (0,5%); adenoma (0,5%); agenesia unilateral (0,5%), além de outras alterações de pouco significado clínico, como cistos paraovarianos (15,6%) e corpo lúteo cístico (11,8%). Nas tubas uterinas observou-se, além dos cistos tubo-ovarianos (3,3%), hidrossalpinge (1%), adenoma (0,5%) e agenesia (0,5%). As lesões uterinas foram endometrite (9%), hidrometra (2,3%); hiperplasia endometrial cística, abscesso e piometra (1,4% cada); adenomiose, petéquias na serosa do útero e aplasia segmentar (1% cada); dois úteros gravídicos, em início de gestação, apresentaram piometra (0,9%), porém os fetos não apresentaram alterações; e pólipo uterino (0,5%). Observou-se uma gestação ectópica com maceração fetal (0,5%); a vaginite ocorreu em 0,5%, e melanose endometrial em 8,5%. Destaca-se a elevada incidência de cistos foliculares e endometrite que são doenças que reduzem a eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos, provocando infertilidade e perdas econômicas na produção.(AU)

Diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de distúrbios reprodutivos em pequenos ruminantes / Ultrasonographic diagnosis of reproductive disorders in small ruminants

A ultrassonografia (USG) é uma técnica de imagem em tempo real e pouco invasiva. Na produção de ovinos e caprinos, a USG vem sendo utilizada como uma ferramenta auxiliar no manejo reprodutivo, assim como no diagnóstico clínico-reprodutivo de doenças ginecológicas, obstétricas e andrológicas. Por meio da USG é possível a realização de exames em série para monitorar a progressão de uma anormalidade, resposta ao tratamento ou a funcionalidade e morfologia do órgão. Assim, por meio da USG são fornecidas informações substanciais ao profissional do campo e da pesquisa auxiliando na definição de prognósticos, tratamentos, descarte zootécnico e, ainda, na aquisição de reprodutores e matrizes sem distúrbios reprodutivos adquiridos ou congênitos.(AU)

Ultrasonography (USG) is a less invasive, real-time imaging modality. In the sheep and goat farming, USG has been used as an auxiliary tool in the reproductive management, as well as in the clinical-reproductive diagnosis of gynecological, obstetric and andrological disorders. Through the USG, it is possible to perform successive evaluations to monitor the progression of an abnormality, response to treatment or organ function and morphology. Therefore, through USG are provide substantial information to the practical and research veterinarian and assists in the definition of prognostics, treatments, culling and on the acquisition of breeding males and females without acquired or congenital reproductive disorders.(AU)

Diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de distúrbios reprodutivos em pequenos ruminantes / Ultrasonographic diagnosis of reproductive disorders in small ruminants

A ultrassonografia (USG) é uma técnica de imagem em tempo real e pouco invasiva. Na produção de ovinos e caprinos, a USG vem sendo utilizada como uma ferramenta auxiliar no manejo reprodutivo, assim como no diagnóstico clínico-reprodutivo de doenças ginecológicas, obstétricas e andrológicas. Por meio da USG é possível a realização de exames em série para monitorar a progressão de uma anormalidade, resposta ao tratamento ou a funcionalidade e morfologia do órgão. Assim, por meio da USG são fornecidas informações substanciais ao profissional do campo e da pesquisa auxiliando na definição de prognósticos, tratamentos, descarte zootécnico e, ainda, na aquisição de reprodutores e matrizes sem distúrbios reprodutivos adquiridos ou congênitos.

Ultrasonography (USG) is a less invasive, real-time imaging modality. In the sheep and goat farming, USG has been used as an auxiliary tool in the reproductive management, as well as in the clinical-reproductive diagnosis of gynecological, obstetric and andrological disorders. Through the USG, it is possible to perform successive evaluations to monitor the progression of an abnormality, response to treatment or organ function and morphology. Therefore, through USG are provide substantial information to the practical and research veterinarian and assists in the definition of prognostics, treatments, culling and on the acquisition of breeding males and females without acquired or congenital reproductive disorders.

Prevalência de cistos ovarianos em vacas de alta produção submetidas a sistema de confinamento e dieta total / Prevalence of ovarian cysts in production high cows under containment system and diet total

Objetivou-se avaliar prevalência de cistos ovarianos em vacas leiteiras de alta produção, no pós-parto, submetidas ao regime de dieta total em três sistemas diferentes: Compost Barn, Free Stall e confinamento a céu aberto no sudoeste do estado de Goiás. Foram avaliadas 1600 vacas, HPB, de sete rebanhos, das quais 792 (49,5%) estavam vazias e com atraso nos protocolos reprodutivos. Ao exame ultrassonográfico o escore ovariano foi classificado em: Grau 1 (61,4%), Grau 2 (18,1%), Grau 3 (4,0%) e Cistos Ovarianos (16,5%). Quanto ao sistema de produção as prevalências de cistos foram: 16% no Free Stall, 17,2% no Compost Barn e 16,2% no confinamento a céu aberto, diferenças somente numéricas, mas não significativas estatisticamente. 84,7% (n=131) dos animais estavam em anestro, na presença do diagnóstico cisto folicular. 67,7% desses animais, situavam-se entre 60 a 180 dias pós-parto. Divididos em 27,5% entre 60 e 90 dias, 24,5% entre 91 e 120 dias, 15,5% entre 121 e 150 dias e 32,5% entre 151 e 500. A prevalência dos cistos em função do número de lactações foi: 29,8% na primeira, 26,7% na segunda, 24,4% na terceira, 5,3% na quarta, 4,6% na quinta e 9,2% na sexta, resultados estatísticos significativos para maior ocorrência de cistos nas três primeiras lactações. Quanto ao escore de condição corporal 62,6% das vacas com cisto ovariano mostraram-se com escore entre 2,0 a 2,5, 25,2% entre 2,6 a 3,0 e 12,2% entre 3,1 a 4,0, resultados significativos, e a chance de vacas em balanço energético negativo desenvolverem cistos foi 5,1 vezes maior, quando comparadas com animais em escore corporal ideal. Os cistos foliculares apresentam-se com elevada casuística em vacas de alta produção leite, impactando em subfertilidade e prejuízos importantes na pecuária leiteira mundial, assim, faz-se necessário outros estudos visando o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas mais eficazes no controle deste quadro.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the follicular cysts prevalence in high production dairy cows, post-partum, under total diet regime in three different systems: Compost Barn, Free Stall and opened feedlot. There were evaluated 1600 cows, HPB, seven flocks, of which 792 (49.5%) were empty and late in the reproductive protocols. The examination sonographic ovarian score was distributed as: Score 1 (61.4%), Score 2 (18,1) Score 3 (4.0%) and Cystic Ovary (16.5%). As for the production system the cysts prevalence were 16% in Free Stall, 17.2% in Compost Barn and 16.2% in opened feedlot, without significant difference. 84.7% (n = 131) of animals were in anestrus in the presence of diagnosis follicular cyst. 60.7% of animal with follicular cysts were 60 to 180 days postpartum. Divided in 27.5% between 60 and 90 days, 24.5% between 91 and 120 days, 15.5% between 121 and 150 days and 32.5% between 151 and 500 postpartum. The cysts prevalence according to lactation number were: 29.8% in first, 26.7% in second, 24.4% in third, 5.3% in fourth, 4.6% in fifth and 9.2% in sixth, statistically significant results to higher cysts occurrence in the first three lactations. For body condition score 62.6% of animals with ovarian cyst were with scores from 2.0 to 2.5, 25.2% with a score of 2.6 to 3.0 and 12.2% with score of 3.1 to 4.0 also significant results. Where the chance of cows with low body score develop cysts was 5.1 times higher compared to animals with good score. Follicular cysts present high prevalence in high producing dairy cows, impacting sub-fertility and causing important damage in global dairy farming, thus, it is necessary further studies for the development of more effective preventive measures to control this situation.(AU)

Prevalência de cistos ovarianos em vacas de alta produção submetidas a sistema de confinamento e dieta total / Prevalence of ovarian cysts in production high cows under containment system and diet total

Objetivou-se avaliar prevalência de cistos ovarianos em vacas leiteiras de alta produção, no pós-parto, submetidas ao regime de dieta total em três sistemas diferentes: Compost Barn, Free Stall e confinamento a céu aberto no sudoeste do estado de Goiás. Foram avaliadas 1600 vacas, HPB, de sete rebanhos, das quais 792 (49,5%) estavam vazias e com atraso nos protocolos reprodutivos. Ao exame ultrassonográfico o escore ovariano foi classificado em: Grau 1 (61,4%), Grau 2 (18,1%), Grau 3 (4,0%) e Cistos Ovarianos (16,5%). Quanto ao sistema de produção as prevalências de cistos foram: 16% no Free Stall, 17,2% no Compost Barn e 16,2% no confinamento a céu aberto, diferenças somente numéricas, mas não significativas estatisticamente. 84,7% (n=131) dos animais estavam em anestro, na presença do diagnóstico cisto folicular. 67,7% desses animais, situavam-se entre 60 a 180 dias pós-parto. Divididos em 27,5% entre 60 e 90 dias, 24,5% entre 91 e 120 dias, 15,5% entre 121 e 150 dias e 32,5% entre 151 e 500. A prevalência dos cistos em função do número de lactações foi: 29,8% na primeira, 26,7% na segunda, 24,4% na terceira, 5,3% na quarta, 4,6% na quinta e 9,2% na sexta, resultados estatísticos significativos para maior ocorrência de cistos nas três primeiras lactações. Quanto ao escore de condição corporal 62,6% das vacas com cisto ovariano mostraram-se com escore entre 2,0 a 2,5, 25,2% entre 2,6 a 3,0 e 12,2% entre 3,1 a 4,0, resultados significativos, e a chance de vacas em balanço energético negativo desenvolverem cistos foi 5,1 vezes maior, quando comparadas com animais em escore corporal ideal. Os cistos foliculares apresentam-se com elevada casuística em vacas de alta produção leite, impactando em subfertilidade e prejuízos importantes na pecuária leiteira mundial, assim, faz-se necessário outros estudos visando o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas mais eficazes no controle deste quadro.

This study aimed to evaluate the follicular cysts prevalence in high production dairy cows, post-partum, under total diet regime in three different systems: Compost Barn, Free Stall and opened feedlot. There were evaluated 1600 cows, HPB, seven flocks, of which 792 (49.5%) were empty and late in the reproductive protocols. The examination sonographic ovarian score was distributed as: Score 1 (61.4%), Score 2 (18,1) Score 3 (4.0%) and Cystic Ovary (16.5%). As for the production system the cysts prevalence were 16% in Free Stall, 17.2% in Compost Barn and 16.2% in opened feedlot, without significant difference. 84.7% (n = 131) of animals were in anestrus in the presence of diagnosis follicular cyst. 60.7% of animal with follicular cysts were 60 to 180 days postpartum. Divided in 27.5% between 60 and 90 days, 24.5% between 91 and 120 days, 15.5% between 121 and 150 days and 32.5% between 151 and 500 postpartum. The cysts prevalence according to lactation number were: 29.8% in first, 26.7% in second, 24.4% in third, 5.3% in fourth, 4.6% in fifth and 9.2% in sixth, statistically significant results to higher cysts occurrence in the first three lactations. For body condition score 62.6% of animals with ovarian cyst were with scores from 2.0 to 2.5, 25.2% with a score of 2.6 to 3.0 and 12.2% with score of 3.1 to 4.0 also significant results. Where the chance of cows with low body score develop cysts was 5.1 times higher compared to animals with good score. Follicular cysts present high prevalence in high producing dairy cows, impacting sub-fertility and causing important damage in global dairy farming, thus, it is necessary further studies for the development of more effective preventive measures to control this situation.

A review of neoplastic and non-neoplastic canine skin tumours in Trinidad from 2010-2015

This retrospective study was performed on samples submitted to the Pathology Unit of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad, during the period 2010 to 2015. A total of 471 non-inflammatory cutaneous masses were analyzed, of which 225 (47.8%) were malignant, 202 (42.9%) were benign and 44 (9.3%) were non-neoplastic. The most common malignant tumors were haemangiosarcoma, 50 (22.2%); mast cell tumour, 49 (21.8%); soft tissue sarcoma 35 (15.6%), lymphoma, 20 (8.9%) and melanoma 20 (8.9%). The most common benign tumors were haemangioma, 39 (19.3%); lipoma, 27 (13.4%), trichoblastoma, 26 (12.9%), histiocytoma 25 (12.4%), plasma cell tumor, 23 (11.4%) and papilloma 9 (4.5%). Common non-neoplastic skin lesions included collagen naevi, 26 (59.1%) and follicular cysts, 11 (25.0%). Mixed breed dogs 241 (51.2%), was most frequently represented with neoplasms followed by Rottweilers 50 (10.6%) and Pit bulls 48 (10.1%).

A review of neoplastic and non-neoplastic canine skin tumours in Trinidad from 2010-2015

This retrospective study was performed on samples submitted to the Pathology Unit of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad, during the period 2010 to 2015. A total of 471 non-inflammatory cutaneous masses were analyzed, of which 225 (47.8%) were malignant, 202 (42.9%) were benign and 44 (9.3%) were non-neoplastic. The most common malignant tumors were haemangiosarcoma, 50 (22.2%); mast cell tumour, 49 (21.8%); soft tissue sarcoma 35 (15.6%), lymphoma, 20 (8.9%) and melanoma 20 (8.9%). The most common benign tumors were haemangioma, 39 (19.3%); lipoma, 27 (13.4%), trichoblastoma, 26 (12.9%), histiocytoma 25 (12.4%), plasma cell tumor, 23 (11.4%) and papilloma 9 (4.5%). Common non-neoplastic skin lesions included collagen naevi, 26 (59.1%) and follicular cysts, 11 (25.0%). Mixed breed dogs 241 (51.2%), was most frequently represented with neoplasms followed by Rottweilers 50 (10.6%) and Pit bulls 48 (10.1%).(AU)

Effects of ovarian pathologies and uterine inflammations on adenomyosis in bitches

Background: Adenomyosis is a non-neoplastic condition, characterized by the presence of endometrial glands or cells in the myometrium. Adenomyosis is defined by post-operative microscopic examination of uterine tissue and a rarely seen infertility problem in bitches. The process of transformation of healthy uterus into adenomiotic uterus is still a mystery. We aimed to determine role of ovarian pathologies and uterine inflammations on pathogenesis of uterine adenomyosis in bitches.Cases: After ovariohysterectomy, the uteri were fixed and processed by routine methods. Sections were stained with HematoxylinEosin, Massons trichrome and Periodic-Acid-Schiff and immunohistochemically; with p53 protein, Ki-67, α-smooth-muscle actin, cytokeratin-CK 8, 14, 19 antibodies, estrogen and progesterone receptors by Avidin-Biotin-Complex-Peroxidase method. Histopathologically, 7 of the collected tissue samples (n = 38) were diagnosed as adenomyosis. There were unilateral (n = 6) or bilateral (n = 1) adenomyosis in which endometrial glands had broken through the myometrium, and in some cases there were fibromyoma, inflammation, papillary hyperplasia and cysts in glands. Vaginal fibroma, fibromyoma and benign mix tumor (n = 1), simple carcinoma (n = 3), carcinosarcoma (n = 3) in mammary gland were determinated histopathologically. In addition to these findings, follicular cysts (n = 4), parovarian cyst (n = 1), adenocarcinoma and Rete ovarii adenoma were diagnosed in some ovaries. The CK 19 was scored at endometrial glands (n = 2) positively and also, muscle fibers were stained positively with α-smooth-muscle actin antibody (n = 7).Discussion: Adenomyosis is an infertility problem in adult dogs and is hard to detect with routine gynecological examinations. Adenomyosis can be seen unaccompanied by other gynecological problems such as endometritis or leiomyomas, while mammary tumors with adenomyosis have been previously reported in women and in only one case of a bitch.[...](AU)

Effects of ovarian pathologies and uterine inflammations on adenomyosis in bitches

Background: Adenomyosis is a non-neoplastic condition, characterized by the presence of endometrial glands or cells in the myometrium. Adenomyosis is defined by post-operative microscopic examination of uterine tissue and a rarely seen infertility problem in bitches. The process of transformation of healthy uterus into adenomiotic uterus is still a mystery. We aimed to determine role of ovarian pathologies and uterine inflammations on pathogenesis of uterine adenomyosis in bitches.Cases: After ovariohysterectomy, the uteri were fixed and processed by routine methods. Sections were stained with HematoxylinEosin, Masson’s trichrome and Periodic-Acid-Schiff and immunohistochemically; with p53 protein, Ki-67, α-smooth-muscle actin, cytokeratin-CK 8, 14, 19 antibodies, estrogen and progesterone receptors by Avidin-Biotin-Complex-Peroxidase method. Histopathologically, 7 of the collected tissue samples (n = 38) were diagnosed as adenomyosis. There were unilateral (n = 6) or bilateral (n = 1) adenomyosis in which endometrial glands had broken through the myometrium, and in some cases there were fibromyoma, inflammation, papillary hyperplasia and cysts in glands. Vaginal fibroma, fibromyoma and benign mix tumor (n = 1), simple carcinoma (n = 3), carcinosarcoma (n = 3) in mammary gland were determinated histopathologically. In addition to these findings, follicular cysts (n = 4), parovarian cyst (n = 1), adenocarcinoma and Rete ovarii adenoma were diagnosed in some ovaries. The CK 19 was scored at endometrial glands (n = 2) positively and also, muscle fibers were stained positively with α-smooth-muscle actin antibody (n = 7).Discussion: Adenomyosis is an infertility problem in adult dogs and is hard to detect with routine gynecological examinations. Adenomyosis can be seen unaccompanied by other gynecological problems such as endometritis or leiomyomas, while mammary tumors with adenomyosis have been previously reported in women and in only one case of a bitch.[...]

Fatores predisponentes a incidência de cisto folicular e retorno à ciclicidade em vacas holandesas em lactação / The influence os factors predisposing for the implications of cyst follicular

Foi estudada a incidência de cistos foliculares em vacas leiteiras da raça Holandesa, de uma propriedade comercial localizada em Uberlândia -MG. Foram analisadas 304 vacas lactantes, com média de produção de 20,45kg de leite/dia, no período de um ano. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada 21 dias, totalizando 423 exames ginecológicos. Nas visitas foram procedidos: anotação de dias pós-parto, avaliações ultrassonográficas e estação do ano relativa ao parto e diagnóstico. Foram consideradas vacas císticas, aquelas que nas avaliações apresentavam folículo com, no mínimo, 25 mm de diâmetro, na ausência de corpo lúteo. Os efeitos dos dias pós-parto, estação do diagnóstico e estação de parição sob a ocorrência de cistos ovarianos foram analisadas por regressão logística, com o programa MINITAB. A incidência encontrada foi de 2,63%. Não foi encontrado efeito de dias pós-parto, da estação do ano de diagnóstico e estação da parição na incidência de cistos foliculares; porém, a ciclicidade foi afetada pela estação da parição.

We studied the incidence of follicular cysts in dairy cows of Holstein in a commercial farm, which is localized in the Uberlândia-MG. We analyzed 304 lactation cows with average production of milk was 20,45kg, for the period of one year. The diagnosis were made every 21 days, totaling 423 gynecological examinations. In the visits were collected: days postpartum, ultrasound evaluations and relationship between cysts and date of parturition and diagnosis. Cows were considered cystic whose had follicles with at least 25mm of diameter, in the absence of corpus luteum. The effects of the postpartum, the diagnosis station and the calving season under the occurrence of ovarian cysts were analyzed by logistic regression with the program MINITAB. Ovarian follicular cysts incidence was 2.63%. There were no effects of days postpartum, season of diagnosis and 56 Ciência Animal 27(1), 2017 season of calving on incidence of follicular cysts, but cyclicity was affected by season of calving.

Fatores predisponentes a incidência de cisto folicular e retorno à ciclicidade em vacas holandesas em lactação / The influence os factors predisposing for the implications of cyst follicular

Foi estudada a incidência de cistos foliculares em vacas leiteiras da raça Holandesa, de uma propriedade comercial localizada em Uberlândia -MG. Foram analisadas 304 vacas lactantes, com média de produção de 20,45kg de leite/dia, no período de um ano. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada 21 dias, totalizando 423 exames ginecológicos. Nas visitas foram procedidos: anotação de dias pós-parto, avaliações ultrassonográficas e estação do ano relativa ao parto e diagnóstico. Foram consideradas vacas císticas, aquelas que nas avaliações apresentavam folículo com, no mínimo, 25 mm de diâmetro, na ausência de corpo lúteo. Os efeitos dos dias pós-parto, estação do diagnóstico e estação de parição sob a ocorrência de cistos ovarianos foram analisadas por regressão logística, com o programa MINITAB. A incidência encontrada foi de 2,63%. Não foi encontrado efeito de dias pós-parto, da estação do ano de diagnóstico e estação da parição na incidência de cistos foliculares; porém, a ciclicidade foi afetada pela estação da parição.(AU)

We studied the incidence of follicular cysts in dairy cows of Holstein in a commercial farm, which is localized in the Uberlândia-MG. We analyzed 304 lactation cows with average production of milk was 20,45kg, for the period of one year. The diagnosis were made every 21 days, totaling 423 gynecological examinations. In the visits were collected: days postpartum, ultrasound evaluations and relationship between cysts and date of parturition and diagnosis. Cows were considered cystic whose had follicles with at least 25mm of diameter, in the absence of corpus luteum. The effects of the postpartum, the diagnosis station and the calving season under the occurrence of ovarian cysts were analyzed by logistic regression with the program MINITAB. Ovarian follicular cysts incidence was 2.63%. There were no effects of days postpartum, season of diagnosis and 56 Ciência Animal 27(1), 2017 season of calving on incidence of follicular cysts, but cyclicity was affected by season of calving.(AU)