Dietary polymer-coated urea enhances the goats lactational performance, excretion of microbial purine derivatives and blood metabolites in the semi-arid zone of Iran

This study aimed to determine the effect of using different sources of nitrogen to supply part of degradable intake protein needs in lactating goat performance and its effect on excretion of microbial purine derivatives and blood metabolites. Thirty-two lactating Saanen goats (body weight 38.85 ± 2.14 kg and 1979 ± 0.25 gday-1milk yield) were used in a one-way ANOVA completely randomized design. Goats were assigned to the following treatments for a 10-wk experimental period: 1) Control (canola meal as a nitrogen source); 2) Urea (0.5% urea); 3) Optigen (0.55% Optigen-Alltech.Inc., Lexington, KY) and 4) Polymer-Coated Urea (PCU-international patent number: A01K5/00, 0.7% PCU) based on dry mater intake. Non-protein nitrogen groups had a comparative effect (p > 0.05) between control and other treatments on milk composition, microbial protein synthesis and they affected on blood factors including urea, cholesterol, and ALT. Dry matter intake decreased (p > 0.05) in PCU, Optigen, Urea than Control goats. Synthesis of microbial protein in PCUgoats was 22.5 g day-1and it was greater (p > 0.05) than other treatments. Plasma cholesterol was increased in PCUand Optigen, whereas urea concentration was increased in Urea and Control goats. Milk production was higher in PCUthan Urea and Control. Feed conversion ratio was improved (p > 0.05) in PCU and Optigengoats versusother treatments.This study demonstrated that polymer-coated ureacan be utilized as a nitrogen source and improve goats milk performance.(AU)

Performance evaluation of leg and ear numbers in radio frequency identification systems (RFID) in sensitive livestock products in goat breeding / Avaliação de desempenho de números nas pernas e orelhas em sistemas de identificação por radiofrequência (RFID) em criação de caprinos

ABSTRACT: This study, evaluated the readability of electronic leg and ear tags in Saanen goats. Fifty-seven goats were identified with the electronic leg tags (ELT) and electronic ear tags (EET) from birth until the lactation period ends. Readability of ELT and EET was 96.30% and 90.55% respectively in static conditions at the end of 12 months. Foot and udder, with no infection rates for ELT and EET in calm and aggressive goats were 95.70% and 100%, respectively. No infection rates of foot and udder for ELT and EET in calm and aggressive goats were 95.70% and 100%, respectively. Tagging method and animal temperament was not statistically significant. As a result, low animal traceability with ear tags was determined by this study. Besides, it is suggested that smaller-sized tagging materials would be more accurate when the ankle was selected as a body area to place identification tags in goats. The resulting issue to be considered is that the leg tagging should not negatively affect the animal welfare and the foot and udder health. In the future, using a leg band in the identification of goats will become more widespread as it does not damage animals and has a high readability capacity.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a identificação eletrônica nos membros e orelhas de cabras da raça Saanen. Cinquenta e sete cabras foram identificadas eletronicamente nas pernas (ELT) e nas orelhas (EET) desde o nascimento até o término do período de lactação. A leitura de ELT e EET foi de 96,30% e 90,55%, respectivamente, em condições estáticas ao final de 12 meses. As taxas de infecção de pé e úbere, em cabras calmas e agressivas, foram de 95,70% e 100% para ELT e EET em animais sem infecção, respectivamente. Não foi encontrado efeito significativo do método de marcação e temperamento animal. Com o resultado, a baixa rastreabilidade dos animais com marcas de orelha foi determinada por este estudo. Além disso, sugere-se que materiais de etiquetagem de menor porte seriam mais precisos quando a região do metatarso do animal fosse selecionado como área corporal para a colocação de etiquetas de identificação em cabras. A questão resultante a ser considerada é que a marcação da perna não deve afetar negativamente o bem-estar animal e a saúde dos pés e do úbere. Futuramente, o uso de etiquetas na identificação de cabras será mais difundido, pois não agride os animais e tem alta capacidade de leitura.

Experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in goats in the Brazilian semiarid: detection of T. vivax DNA in colostrum and assessment of lactogenic transmission / Infecção experimental por Trypanosoma vivax em caprinos no semiárido brasileiro: detecção de DNA de Trypanosoma vivax no colostro e avaliação da transmissão lactogênica

This study aimed to identify the presence of Trypanosoma vivax DNA in the colostrum of infected goats and to explore the possibility of transmission for neonates fed using colostrum collected from infected goats. We used twelve goats in the final third of gestation with an age of approximately 24 months. Six goats were inoculated intravenously with 0.5mL of blood containing approximately 1.25x105 trypomastigotes of T. vivax, and six remained uninfected. The presence of T. vivax in colostrum was evaluated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The possibility of T. vivax transmission by colostrum was assessed by feeding six neonates born of serologically negative goats using colostrum from infected goats. Peripheral blood from neonates was collected daily for thirty days to assess the T. vivax presence through the examination of Giemsa-stained smears of leukocyte layers with the buffy coat technique (BCT) and by PCR. The results of a direct examination of colostrum were negative, but PCR confirmed the presence of T. vivax DNA in all infected goats. Additionally, lactogenic transmission by colostrum was not demonstrated once both BCT and PCR of neonate peripheral blood were negative.

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a presença de DNA de Trypanosoma vivax no colostro de cabras infectadas experimentalmente e verificar a possibilidade de transmissão para neonatos alimentados com colostro coletado de cabras infectadas. Foram utilizadas doze cabras no terço final de gestação com idade aproximada de 24 meses. Seis cabras foram inoculadas intravenosamente com 0,5mL de sangue contendo aproximadamente 1,25x105 tripomastigotas de T. vivax, e seis permaneceram não infectadas. A presença de T. vivax no colostro foi avaliada por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). A possibilidade de transmissão de T. vivax pelo colostro foi avaliada através da alimentação de seis neonatos nascidos de cabras sorologicamente negativas com colostro de cabras infectadas. Foi coletado diariamente o sangue periférico dos neonatos, por trinta dias para avaliar a presença de T. vivax através do exame de esfregaços de camadas leucocitárias coradas por giemsa, pela técnica BCT e por PCR. Os resultados do exame direto do colostro foram negativos, mas a PCR confirmou a presença de DNA de T. vivax no colostro em todas as cabras infectadas. Além disso, a transmissão lactogênica pelo colostro não foi demonstrada, uma vez que tanto a BCT quanto a PCR do sangue periférico do neonato foram negativas.

Evaluation of the thermoregulatory response of goats naturally exposed to the tropical climate using longitudinal data / Avaliação da resposta termorregulatória de cabras expostas naturalmente ao clima tropical a partir do uso de dados longitudinais

Rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR), determined as repeated measurements over time in female goats, were used to identify covariance matrices that best fit the data for residual modeling on these three traits. Then, based on this result, the goats' responses to heat were evaluated. Five matrices were found with convergence for the three traits. The Heterogeneous Compound Symmetry matrix showed a good fit for modeling the residual associated with RT, whereas the Heterogeneous Autoregressive matrix had a better fit for RR and HR, according to the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), corrected AIC (AICc), and Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) used. After adjusting the residual data for these three traits, a mixed-model analysis was used to evaluate collection period (3), physiological stage (3), and animal age (3) as fixed effects. Residual modeling interfered differently with the p-value associated with the fixed effects studied. Collection period and interactions did not influence the variation in RT (P>0.761), which was within the standard range for goats in the tropics, while the physiological stage of the goats affected it (P<0.05). Rectal temperature, HR, and RR tend to show covariance structures that can be modeled using specific residual covariance matrices, that is, the heterogeneous compound symmetry matrix best suits RT data, whereas the heterogeneous autoregressive matrix is better suited for HR and RR, which are usually correlated. The goats of the evaluated breed maintain RT within the range of variation displayed by breeds adapted to a hot environment, regardless of their physiological condition. Variations occur in RR and HR, without, however, exceeding the normal range for goats. Pregnancy causes goats to raise their RR in the rainy season of the year in the region in order to maintain RT within the normal range for the species.(AU)

Utilizou-se a Temperatura retal (TR), Frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR) aferidas como medidas repetidas no tempo em fêmeas caprinas, objetivando-se identificar matrizes de estruturas de covariância que melhor se ajustou aos dados para modelagem do resíduo nessas três características e, em seguida, avaliou-se a respostas de cabras ao calor, com base nesse resultado. Constatou-se cinco matrizes com convergência nas três características. A Simétrica composta heterogênea ajustou-se bem para modelagem do resíduo associado a TR, enquanto a Autorregressiva heterogênea ajustou-se melhor para a FR e FC, de acordo com os critérios de informação de Akaike (AIC), Akaike corrigido (AICc) e o Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC) utilizados. Com o resíduos de dados dessas três características ajustados, utilizou-se uma análise com modelos mistos para avaliar a Época de coleta (3), Estado fisiológico (3) e Idade do animal (3) foram como efeitos fixos. Constatou-se que a modelagem do resíduo interferiu de modo diferenciado no p valor associado aos efeitos fixos estudados. A época da coleta e interações não influenciaram a variação da TR (P>0,761), que oscilou dentro da faixa padrão para caprinos nos trópicos, mas o Estágio fisiológico da cabra sim (P<0,05). A Temperatura retal e as Frequências cardíaca e respiratória tendem a apresentar estruturas de covariâncias modeláveis com utilização de matrizes de covariâncias residuais especificas, ou seja, a matriz Simétrica composta heterogênea mais adequada para dados da Temperatura retal, enquanto a Autorregressiva heterogênea para as Frequências cardíaca e respiratória, geralmente correlacionas. As cabras da raça avaliadas mantêm a temperatura retal dentro da amplitude de variação apresentada por raças adaptadas a ambiente quente. Isso ocorre independente da condição fisiológica que se encontra, mas com ocorrência de variação na frequência respiratória e cardíaca, não excedendo, no entanto, a faixa normal para caprinos. A gestação condiciona a cabra a elevar a FR na época chuvosa do ano na região para manter a TR na faixa de amplitude normal para caprinos.(AU)

Performance evaluation of leg and ear numbers in radio frequency identification systems (RFID) in sensitive livestock products in goat breeding / Avaliação de desempenho de números nas pernas e orelhas em sistemas de identificação por radiofrequência (RFID) em criação de caprinos

This study, evaluated the readability of electronic leg and ear tags in Saanen goats. Fifty-seven goats were identified with the electronic leg tags (ELT) and electronic ear tags (EET) from birth until the lactation period ends. Readability of ELT and EET was 96.30% and 90.55% respectively in static conditions at the end of 12 months. Foot and udder, with no infection rates for ELT and EET in calm and aggressive goats were 95.70% and 100%, respectively. No infection rates of foot and udder for ELT and EET in calm and aggressive goats were 95.70% and 100%, respectively. Tagging method and animal temperament was not statistically significant. As a result, low animal traceability with ear tags was determined by this study. Besides, it is suggested that smaller-sized tagging materials would be more accurate when the ankle was selected as a body area to place identification tags in goats. The resulting issue to be considered is that the leg tagging should not negatively affect the animal welfare and the foot and udder health. In the future, using a leg band in the identification of goats will become more widespread as it does not damage animals and has a high readability capacity.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a identificação eletrônica nos membros e orelhas de cabras da raça Saanen. Cinquenta e sete cabras foram identificadas eletronicamente nas pernas (ELT) e nas orelhas (EET) desde o nascimento até o término do período de lactação. A leitura de ELT e EET foi de 96,30% e 90,55%, respectivamente, em condições estáticas ao final de 12 meses. As taxas de infecção de pé e úbere, em cabras calmas e agressivas, foram de 95,70% e 100% para ELT e EET em animais sem infecção, respectivamente. Não foi encontrado efeito significativo do método de marcação e temperamento animal. Com o resultado, a baixa rastreabilidade dos animais com marcas de orelha foi determinada por este estudo. Além disso, sugere-se que materiais de etiquetagem de menor porte seriam mais precisos quando a região do metatarso do animal fosse selecionado como área corporal para a colocação de etiquetas de identificação em cabras. A questão resultante a ser considerada é que a marcação da perna não deve afetar negativamente o bem-estar animal e a saúde dos pés e do úbere. Futuramente, o uso de etiquetas na identificação de cabras será mais difundido, pois não agride os animais e tem alta capacidade de leitura.

Resistance of gastrointestinal nematoids of goats and sheep to the antihelmintics levamisol, ivermectin and albendazole / Resistência de nematoides gastrintestinais de caprinos e ovinos aos anti-helmínticos levamisol, ivermectina e albendazol

The aim of this study was to determine the resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and sheep to the anthelmintic drugs levamisole, ivermectin, and albendazole in the metropolitan region of São Luís Island, Maranhão, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from 150 animals across four different farms; two farms had goats, and the other two had sheep. The samples were then randomly divided into three to four groups of 10 animals: Group I: control, without treatment; Group II: ivermectin treatment; Group III: levamisole treatment; and Group IV: albendazole treatment. Stool samples were collected from the rectal ampulla one day before treatment and 10 days after anthelmintic treatment. Individual coproparasitological examinations were performed using the modified McMaster technique at the Animal Health Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Maranhão, Campus São Luís-Maracanã. The efficacies of the anthelmintic drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and sheep were: 14.28%, and 13.6% for ivermectin; 0% and 79.4% for levamisole; and 59.8% and 3.43% for albendazole, respectively Gastrointestinal nematodes demonstrated multiple anthelmintic resistance, as the percentage reduction in egg count was less than 95% and the lower limit of the confidence interval was less than 90%.

Objetivou-se determinar a resistência de nematoides gastrintestinais aos anti-helmínticos levamisol, ivermectina e albendazol em caprinos e ovinos da região metropolitana da Ilha de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes de 150 animais de quatro propriedades diferentes, sendo 2 com caprinos e 2 com ovinos, e aleatoriamente distribuídos de três a quatro grupos de 10 animais: Grupo I: grupo controle, sem tratamento. Grupo II: tratado com anti-helmíntico à base de ivermectina, administrado oralmente na dose de 200 mcg/kg; Grupo III: tratado com anti-helmíntico à base de levamisol, administrado oralmente na dose de 7,5mg/kg e Grupo IV: tratado com anti-helmíntico à base de albendazol administrado oralmente na dose de 3mg/kg. Amostras de fezes foram colhidas da ampola retal um dia antes do tratamento e 10 dias após o tratamento anti-helmíntico. Foram feitos exames coproparasitológicos individuais, pela técnica de McMaster modificada, no Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, do Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA), Campus São Luís-Maracanã. A ivermectina, na espécie caprina, mostrou eficácia de 14,28%, enquanato para ovina, 13,6 e 52,2%. Considerando o levamisol na espécie caprina, não apresentou eficácia contra os nematoides gastrintestinais, enquanto para ovinos, apresentou eficácia de 79,4%. Já o albendazol, apresentou eficácia de 59,8% para caprinos, e 3,43% para ovinos. Os nematoides gastrintestinais demonstraram resistência múltipla (RAM), visto que a percentagem de redução da contagem de ovos foi inferior a 95% e o limite inferior do intervalo de confiança menor do que 90%.

Impact of high-fat diet consumption during prolonged period of pregnancy on placenta structures and umbilical vascular growth in goats

This study aimed to verify the impact of high-fat diet consumption for a prolonged period on oxidative stress, fetal growth, umbilical vascular system, and placental structures in pregnant goats. Twenty-two pregnant goats were grouped into the control diet (n= 11) and fat diet (n = 11). Flaxseed meal was added to the fat diet, replacing the corn grain of concentrate, from gestational day 100 to delivery date. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, differing in fat content (2.8% vs. 6.3% dry matter). The fat group showed higher feed intake and total plasma lipid levels than the control group (P < 0.001). No difference was found in placentome, and umbilical vascular development. Fat diet-fed goats exhibited a lower systolic peak in the umbilical artery. At delivery, placental traits were similar with the exception of the cotyledon width (P = 0.0075), which was smaller in the fat group and cotyledon surface (P = 0.0047) for multiple pregnancy of fat diet. Cotyledonary epithelium showed more intense staining of lipid droplets and a greater area for lipofuscin staining in the fat group compared to control group (P < 0.001). The mean live weight of the kids was lower in the fat group in the first week after delivery than in control group. Thus, in goats, the continuous administration of a high-fat diet during pregnancy does not appear to modify the fetal-maternal vascular structures but has an impact on a part of the placental structure; therefore, its use must be carefully evaluated.(AU)

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

Abstract The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.

Resumo A presente pesquisa foi planejada para avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas intestinais em pequenos ruminantes do distrito Upper Dir, da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão. Para tanto, o material fecal foi coletado aleatoriamente com dedos enluvados diretamente da região do reto de ovelhas e cabras, e os materiais fecais foram colocados em garrafas plásticas higiênicas com formol a 10%. No total, 315 (n = 184 ovelhas e n = 131 cabras) amostras fecais foram coletadas; destas, 281 foram consideradas positivas para diferentes parasitas. A prevalência de padrões de parasitas GI da área de estudo foi encontrada. Parasitismo global único 89,20% (281/315) com 94,0% (173/184) em ovinos e 82,43% (108/131) em cabras. Infecção parasitária dupla em pequenos ruminantes registrada em Fasciola + Haemonchus contortus em ovinos, sua prevalência foi de 25,54% (47/184). Já em caprinos, a dupla infecção parasitária em que Haemonchus contortus + Trichuris spp foram encontrados e sua prevalência foi de 23,43% (30/131). As espécies encontradas na amostra de ovinos foram: Strongyloides papillosus (41,30%), Heamonchus controtus (21,73%), Trichuris ovis (17,39%) e Fasciola hepatica (13,58%), o valor correspondente para cabra foi Strongyloides spp. 33,33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp. 28,70%, (27/108), Trichuris sp 25,20% (27/184) e Fasciola spp. 10,68% (14/184). As ovelhas da área de estudo estão mais infectadas do que as cabras. Este estudo sugeriu que os parasitas gastrointestinais são os principais problemas de saúde dos pequenos ruminantes na área de estudo. Portanto, um estudo abrangente sobre as espécies de parasitas gastrointestinais que circulam na área, opções de controle, estratégias de baixo custo e conscientização sobre parasitas gastrointestinais entre os agricultores na área de estudo deve ser instituído.

Impact of water stress on adaptation and performance of sheep and goat in dryland regions under climate change scenarios: a systematic review

Climate change is shifting rainfall patterns, air temperature, river flows, and sea levels globally, resulting in changes in ground and surface water quality due to salinization, especially in arid and semiarid regions. During dry periods, the main water quality issue is a high quantity of salt in the water. Whilst water with fewer than 3,000 mg/L total salts is beneficial to all livestock species, tolerances vary greatly based on conditions and circumstances. Understanding the normal salt tolerance of animals without harming their production and health is important for sustainable livestock production, especially in dry areas. Understanding the normal salt tolerance of animals without harming their production and health is important for sustainable livestock production, especially in dry areas. Thus, this review examined the physiological, behavioral, hematological, and biochemical responses of sheep and goats in dryland areas under climate change scenarios. Despite changes in physiological, blood, biochemical, feed and water intake, sheep and goats adapt to salinity levels to drinking water in arid environments. Adaptable and native breeds are known to be more tolerant of saline water than selected exotic breeds. Small ruminants experience a decrease in food intake and weight, a decrease in breathing rate, and an increase in blood metabolite concentration when the salt in their drinking water increases. The concept that native and adapted small ruminant breeds can withstand high water salinity is gaining popularity in scientific research worldwide. More research is needed to investigate the water tolerance capabilities of adapted breeds, especially in dry and water-saline regions affected by climate change.

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium in Anglonubian goats in the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil / Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium em cabras da raça Anglonubiana no município de Teresina, estado do Piauí, Brasil

This research aimed to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and correlate it with types of housing, feces consistency, and physiological parameters related to the reproductive status of Anglo-Nubian goats reared in the State of Piauí, Brazil. A total of 180 fecal samples were collected from 60 non-pregnant and lactating goats with a mean weight of 35 kg, a body condition score of 3.5, and a mean age of three years from an experimental herd at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Oocysts of protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium could be found in the studied animals using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique in fecal smears and the image analysis system to perform morphometry. Each independent variable in the quantitative and qualitative analyses, that is, weight, body condition score (BCS), physiological status (non-pregnant or lactating), feces consistency (normal, pasty, or diarrheal), and floor types (concrete and slatted), was tested with the dependent variable (positive samples, i.e., the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts). Twenty-four out of the total number of fecal samples were considered positive for the presence of the protozoan, which means that 13.3% of the animals were parasitized. Moreover, 100% of the positive feces samples had normal consistency (firm) and all parasitized animals were reared in pens with a concrete floor. A statistical variation was observed in the BCS of parasitized animals compared to non-parasitized ones (p > 0.0253). The results showed that the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in experimental goats located in the municipality of Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil, was considered low, requiring sanitary management measures to prevent infection in animals and humans. This is the first report of Cryptosporidium infection in goats in the State of Piauí.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a ocorrência de Crypstoporidium e correlacionar com tipos de alojamento, consistência das fezes e parâmetros fisiológicos ligados ao estado reprodutivo de cabras da raça Anglonubiana criadas no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Foram utilizadas 180 amostras de fezes de 60 cabra, com peso médio de 35kg, escore de condição corporal de 3,5, com idade em média de três anos, e cabras vazias e lactantes, de um rebanho experimental da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). Utilizando-se a técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada em esfregaço fecal e sistema de análise de imagens para a realização da morfometria, foi possível encontrar oocistos de protozoários do gênero Crypstoporidium nos animais estudados. Nas análises quantitativa e qualitativa, cada variável independente: peso, escore de condição corporal (ECC), estado fisiológico (vazia ou lactante), consistência das fezes (normal, pastosa ou diarreica) e tipos de piso (concreto e ripado), foi testada com a variável dependente (amostras positivas, ou seja, presença de oocistos de Cryptosporidium). Do total de amostras fecais analisadas, 24 delas foram consideradas positivas à presença do protozoário, o que significa que 13,3% dos animais estavam parasitados na ocasião da pesquisa. Foi observado que 100% das amostras de fezes positivas apresentaram consistência normal (firme) e que todos os animais parasitados eram criados em aprisco com piso de concreto. Houve uma variação estatística no ECC dos animais parasitados comparados aos não parasitados (p > 0,0253). Os resultados evidenciaram que a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium em caprinos experimentais localizados no município de Teresina, no estado do Piauí, foi considerada baixa, sendo necessária medidas de manejo sanitário para prevenir a infecção nos animais e no homem. Este é o primeiro relato da infecção por Cryptosporidium em cabras no estado do Piauí.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan / Prevalência de parasita gastrointestinal em pequenos ruminantes do distrito Upper Dir, da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão

The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.

A presente pesquisa foi planejada para avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas intestinais em pequenos ruminantes do distrito Upper Dir, da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão. Para tanto, o material fecal foi coletado aleatoriamente com dedos enluvados diretamente da região do reto de ovelhas e cabras, e os materiais fecais foram colocados em garrafas plásticas higiênicas com formol a 10%. No total, 315 (n = 184 ovelhas e n = 131 cabras) amostras fecais foram coletadas; destas, 281 foram consideradas positivas para diferentes parasitas. A prevalência de padrões de parasitas GI da área de estudo foi encontrada. Parasitismo global único 89,20% (281/315) com 94,0% (173/184) em ovinos e 82,43% (108/131) em cabras. Infecção parasitária dupla em pequenos ruminantes registrada em Fasciola + Haemonchus contortus em ovinos, sua prevalência foi de 25,54% (47/184). Já em caprinos, a dupla infecção parasitária em que Haemonchus contortus + Trichuris spp foram encontrados e sua prevalência foi de 23,43% (30/131). As espécies encontradas na amostra de ovinos foram: Strongyloides papillosus (41,30%), Heamonchus controtus (21,73%), Trichuris ovis (17,39%) e Fasciola hepatica (13,58%), o valor correspondente para cabra foi Strongyloides spp. 33,33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp. 28,70%, (27/108), Trichuris sp 25,20% (27/184) e Fasciola spp. 10,68% (14/184). As ovelhas da área de estudo estão mais infectadas do que as cabras. Este estudo sugeriu que os parasitas gastrointestinais são os principais problemas de saúde dos pequenos ruminantes na área de estudo. Portanto, um estudo abrangente sobre as espécies de parasitas gastrointestinais que circulam na área, opções de controle, estratégias de baixo custo e conscientização sobre parasitas gastrointestinais entre os agricultores na área de estudo deve ser instituído.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan / Prevalência de parasita gastrointestinal em pequenos ruminantes do distrito Upper Dir, da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão

The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.(AU)

A presente pesquisa foi planejada para avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas intestinais em pequenos ruminantes do distrito Upper Dir, da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão. Para tanto, o material fecal foi coletado aleatoriamente com dedos enluvados diretamente da região do reto de ovelhas e cabras, e os materiais fecais foram colocados em garrafas plásticas higiênicas com formol a 10%. No total, 315 (n = 184 ovelhas e n = 131 cabras) amostras fecais foram coletadas; destas, 281 foram consideradas positivas para diferentes parasitas. A prevalência de padrões de parasitas GI da área de estudo foi encontrada. Parasitismo global único 89,20% (281/315) com 94,0% (173/184) em ovinos e 82,43% (108/131) em cabras. Infecção parasitária dupla em pequenos ruminantes registrada em Fasciola + Haemonchus contortus em ovinos, sua prevalência foi de 25,54% (47/184). Já em caprinos, a dupla infecção parasitária em que Haemonchus contortus + Trichuris spp foram encontrados e sua prevalência foi de 23,43% (30/131). As espécies encontradas na amostra de ovinos foram: Strongyloides papillosus (41,30%), Heamonchus controtus (21,73%), Trichuris ovis (17,39%) e Fasciola hepatica (13,58%), o valor correspondente para cabra foi Strongyloides spp. 33,33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp. 28,70%, (27/108), Trichuris sp 25,20% (27/184) e Fasciola spp. 10,68% (14/184). As ovelhas da área de estudo estão mais infectadas do que as cabras. Este estudo sugeriu que os parasitas gastrointestinais são os principais problemas de saúde dos pequenos ruminantes na área de estudo. Portanto, um estudo abrangente sobre as espécies de parasitas gastrointestinais que circulam na área, opções de controle, estratégias de baixo custo e conscientização sobre parasitas gastrointestinais entre os agricultores na área de estudo deve ser instituído.(AU)

Occurrence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. in goats and sheep from an indigenous village in Pernambuco, Brazil / Ocorrência de anticorpos IgG contra Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum e Leptospira spp. em caprinos e ovinos de uma aldeia indígena em Pernambuco, Brasil

This study aimed to determine the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. antibodies in sheep and goats raised in villages of the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous community, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 180 serum samples from sheep and 108 serum samples from goats of both sexes and different ages were analyzed. For antibody research, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were used for the protozoa T. gondii and N. caninum, and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Leptospira spp., with a cutoff titer of 1:64, 1:50 and 1:100, respectively. The frequency of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 16.6% (30/180) for sheep and 11.1% (12/108) for goats. The frequency of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 10.55% (19/180) for sheep, and 20.37% (22/108) for goats, while for Leptospira spp., 2.2% (4/180) of sheep and 1.85% (2/108) of goats reacted positively. The results obtained in this study are unprecedented in indigenous communities in the country and serve as an alert for monitoring goats and sheep from the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous village regarding the occurrence and productive impact of infections by T. gondii, N. caninum, and Leptospira spp., in addition to the occurrence of the zoonosis toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in the indigenous community.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum e Leptospira spp., em ovinos e caprinos criados em aldeias da comunidade indígena Xukuru do Ororubá, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram analisadas 180 amostras de soro de ovinos e 108 amostras de soro de caprinos de ambos os sexos e diferentes idades. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos foi utilizada a técnica de Reação de Imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), para os protozoários T. gondii e N. caninum e Aglutinação Microscópica (MAT) para Leptospira spp., com ponto de corte de 1:64, 1:50 e 1:100, respectivamente. A frequência de anticorpos anti-T gondii foi de 16,6% (30/180) em ovinos e 11,1% (12/108) em caprinos. A frequência de anticorpos anti-N. caninum foi de 10,55% (19/180) para ovinos e 20,37% (22/108) para caprinos, enquanto para Leptospira spp., 2,2% (4/180) dos ovinos e 1,85% (2/108) dos caprinos reagiram positivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo são inéditos em comunidades indígenas do país e alertam para o monitoramento de caprinos e ovinos da aldeia indígena Xukuru do Ororubá, quanto à ocorrência e impacto produtivo de infecções por T. gondii, N. caninum e Leptospira spp., além da ocorrência de zoonoses como a toxoplasmose e leptospirose na comunidade indígena.(AU)

Cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma in a goat

Apocrine neoplasms are rare in goats. This report describes an apocrine adenocarcinoma in a 5-year-old female Boer goat with an ulcerated, exophytic, multilobulated mass on the left dorsolateral cervical area. Histologically, the dermis was effaced and expanded by a poorly demarcated epithelial neoplasm with desmoplasia. Neoplastic cells were arranged in acini with papillary projections into the lumen and had cuboidal or columnar, eosinophilic, occasionally vacuolated cytoplasm. Nuclei were round and had finely stippled chromatin with one nucleolus. Neoplastic cells contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)­positive and diastase­resistant, alcian blue­positive cytoplasmic granules. There were 6 mitoses in 2.37 mm2 (equivalent to 10 FN22/40X fields). Histologic and histochemical features in the current case were consistent with a cutaneous apocrine gland adenocarcinoma.(AU)

Commercial mastitis vaccines - effects on mastitis rates and somatic cell counts in Saanen goats

Background: Staphylococcus spp. are the most frequently isolated microorganisms in mastitis cases of small ruminants. The virulence factors of Staphylococcus spp. are critical in the treatment. Therefore, preventive medicine and mastitis control programs, especially herd vaccinations are of great importance in the prevention of mastitis. However, it is not always easy to obtain these vaccines under field conditions. This study, it was aimed to compare the effects of different commercial Staphylococcus spp. vaccines licensed for bovines and species-specific mastitis vaccines on mastitis rates and somatic cell count (SCC) on Saanen goats on field conditions. Materials, Methods & Results: The animal material consisted of 115 (230 udder halves) nulliparous Saanen goats. Goats were randomly grouped as bovine vaccine 1 (BV1 , n = 58), bovine vaccine 2 (BV2 , n = 58), small ruminant vaccine (SRV, n = 56), and control (n = 56). Vaccines were administered to goats in 2 doses according to the label regimen. First milk samples were collected between 0-5 days in milk (DIM) for microbiological analysis and 25-35 DIM for SCC. The other milk samples were collected at 25-35 (1st month) DIM, 60-65 (2nd month) DIM, 85-95 (3rd month) DIM, 115-125 (4th month) DIM, 145-155 (5th month) DIM for microbiological analysis and SCC. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently isolated microorganism. It was found that the total mastitis rate decreased in vaccine groups compared to the control group. A significant difference was found only in the BV2 and SRV groups. The significant difference in S. aureus infection was found only in the SRV group. Mastitis vaccines used in this study decreased the NAS mastitis rate, but no significant difference was observed. It was found that the clinical mastitis incidence decreased in all vaccine groups compared to the control group, and a significant difference was found between the BV2 and SRV groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Somatic cell count was lower in the SRV and BV2 groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Discussion: In this study, compatible with the previous reports NAS and S. aureus were the most frequently isolated microorganism. The diversity of virulence factors of Staphylococcus spp. also plays an important role in its high incidence. In some countries, mastitis vaccines used in cows are also administered to small ruminants for reducing infection rates. Similarly, in this study, it was found that the mastitis rate decreased in all vaccine groups compared to the control group. A significant difference was found only in the BV2 and SRV groups. It is thought that the reason for the statistical difference may be due to the biofilm antigen in the BV2 and SRV. In addition, J5 strain in the BV2 is estimated to be effective in reducing the prevalence of gram-negative mastitis. It was observed that the infection rates decreased in the vaccine groups, especially due to S. aureus and NAS. Spontaneous treatment rates were very close to each other between the groups. The reason for the high rate of spontaneous treatment in this study can be explained by the fact that the animals were young and in their 1st lactation. SCC was lower in all vaccine groups compared to the control group. This situation is associated with the decrease in infection rates related to the use of vaccines. It was observed that SCC was lower in the vaccine groups. In addition, SCC was found to be lower in this study compared to similar studies. However, it is evident that the use of species-specific vaccines in the SRV group significantly reduced the rates of total S. aureus mastitis, subclinical NAS mastitis, and new infections by NAS compared to other vaccines. Furthermore, the species-specific vaccine significantly increased the rate of spontaneous treatment for S. aureus mastitis.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan / Prevalência de parasita gastrointestinal em pequenos ruminantes do distrito Upper Dir, da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão

Abstract The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.

Resumo A presente pesquisa foi planejada para avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas intestinais em pequenos ruminantes do distrito Upper Dir, da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão. Para tanto, o material fecal foi coletado aleatoriamente com dedos enluvados diretamente da região do reto de ovelhas e cabras, e os materiais fecais foram colocados em garrafas plásticas higiênicas com formol a 10%. No total, 315 (n = 184 ovelhas e n = 131 cabras) amostras fecais foram coletadas; destas, 281 foram consideradas positivas para diferentes parasitas. A prevalência de padrões de parasitas GI da área de estudo foi encontrada. Parasitismo global único 89,20% (281/315) com 94,0% (173/184) em ovinos e 82,43% (108/131) em cabras. Infecção parasitária dupla em pequenos ruminantes registrada em Fasciola + Haemonchus contortus em ovinos, sua prevalência foi de 25,54% (47/184). Já em caprinos, a dupla infecção parasitária em que Haemonchus contortus + Trichuris spp foram encontrados e sua prevalência foi de 23,43% (30/131). As espécies encontradas na amostra de ovinos foram: Strongyloides papillosus (41,30%), Heamonchus controtus (21,73%), Trichuris ovis (17,39%) e Fasciola hepatica (13,58%), o valor correspondente para cabra foi Strongyloides spp. 33,33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp. 28,70%, (27/108), Trichuris sp 25,20% (27/184) e Fasciola spp. 10,68% (14/184). As ovelhas da área de estudo estão mais infectadas do que as cabras. Este estudo sugeriu que os parasitas gastrointestinais são os principais problemas de saúde dos pequenos ruminantes na área de estudo. Portanto, um estudo abrangente sobre as espécies de parasitas gastrointestinais que circulam na área, opções de controle, estratégias de baixo custo e conscientização sobre parasitas gastrointestinais entre os agricultores na área de estudo deve ser instituído.

Abomasal impaction in a goat - surgical approach

Background: The abomasum is glandular and has a bagpipe shape, with a capacity of 1 to 2 liters. It has a very acidic content with a pH ranging from 1.5 to 3, and although disturbances in this organ are uncommon in small ruminants, abomasal emptying defect is probably the most common abomasal problem in goats. The etiology of an abomasal emptying defect is unknown, however, abomasal impaction is the main cause of this condition. Since this disorder is associated with poor prognosis and information in goats is scarce, the aim of this report is to describe the success of abomasotomy as a treatment for abomasal impaction in goats, as well as to describe the clinical and laboratory aspects of this disease. Case: A 8-month-old male Anglo-Nubian goat, weighing 33 kg, presented with apathy and decreased appetite for 4 days due to digestive disorder. According to history, the diet consisted of crushed hay ad libitum and 300 g of ration bran. Clinical findings were apathy, pale mucous membranes, ruminal hypomotility, decreased fecal output, tense abdomen with distention of the ventral quadrants and loss of rumen stratification. The increase in chloride ion concentration (67 mEq/L) observed in the ruminal fluid analysis was indicative of abomasal-ruminal reflux, compatible with metabolic acidosis, as well as the dense hyperechogenic content in the ventral field of the left and right abdomen corresponding to the location of the entire abomasum on transabdominal ultrasound. Thus, clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings were indicative of impaction of the abomasum, and the goat underwent exploratory laparotomy through the left flank, which revealed a distended and compacted abomasum. Differently from reports in the literature, due to severe distension of the abomasum, abomasotomy through the right flank was chosen to reverse the condition, followed by constant monitoring and supportive therapy with antimicrobial and analgesic medication. The goat defecated normally on the second postoperative day, however, on auscultation, there was persistence of abomasal emptying failure, suggesting a situation of posterior functional stenosis. With the suspicion of type III vagal indigestion, the atropine test, along with radiographic examination of the chest and abdomen were performed, and did not reveal any changes. In order to restore abomasal motility, intensive therapy with prokinetic drugs (bromopride, metoclopramide and promethazine) was associated, and on the fifth day the animal returned to normal appetite, abomasal motility and fecal production. The goat was discharged after 14 days of intensive care with recommendations to provide good quality food and water. Discussion: Abomasal impaction is rarely reported in goats, commonly resulting in animal death before or even a few days after surgical correction. The diagnosis of abomasal impaction was based on clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings, and should be differentiated from other diseases that progress with abdominal distention and gradual weight loss, such as functional stenosis; duodenal obstruction; vagal nerve disorder; abomasite; generalized peritonitis, and granuloma associated with Actinobacillus lignieresii. Surgical correction by right paralombar access associated with visceral emptying and supportive therapy of impaction abomasal was performed and considered successful, without relapses and secondary complications long-term.

Critérios e metodologias para produzir sêmen de caprinos e ovinos em nível de fazenda / The criteria and methodologies used to produce ram and goat semen on the farm

A criopreservação de sêmen é uma importante estratégia para o armazenamento de material genético de reprodutores ovinos e caprinos, considerados superiores do ponto de vista fenotípico, mas especialmente, pelos seus méritos genéticos. Hoje no Brasil apenas uma central regulamentada pelo MAPA está ema atividade, o que significa que existe pouca dose de sêmen comercial à disposição para programas de melhoramento genético. Programas de banco de sêmen podem ser realizado nas fazendas, entretanto, tem seu uso limitado a propriedade onde está o reprodutor. Neste caso, apesar de maiores limitações de estrutura e equipamentos para a execução do serviço, o domínio das variações da técnica de congelação de sêmen e o cuidado com as questões sanitárias dos reprodutores possibilitará ao Médico-Veterinário a execução do serviço com níveis adequados de segurança e qualidade das doses de sêmen produzidas. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e discutir critérios e metodologias para congelação de sêmen de pequenos ruminantes em diferentes condições, fruto de diversas experiências e trabalhos desenvolvidos por nosso grupo e outros, nos últimos vinte anos, e que tem possibilitado resultados satisfatórios.(AU

Sperm cryopreservation is an important strategy for the storage of genetic material from ovine and goat breeders, considered superior from the phenotypic point of view, but especially for their genetic merits. Today in Brazil only one center regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply is in operation, which means that there is little dose of commercial semen available for genetic improvement programs. Semen bank programs can be carried out on farms; however, their use is limited to the property where the breeder is located. In this case, despite greater limitations of structure and equipment for the execution of the service, mastering variations in the semen freezing technique and taking care of the health issues of the breeders will enable the Veterinarian to perform the service with adequate levels of safety and quality of semen doses produced. This study aims to present and discuss criteria and methodologies for freezing semen from small ruminants under different conditions, the result of several experiences and works carried out by our group and others, in the last twenty years, which have enabled satisfactory results.(AU))

Rhinitis in goat by Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata) / Rinite em caprino por Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata)

ABSTRACT: We described a case of rhinitis case caused by Exserohilum rostratum in a 3-year-old, mixed breed, afemale goat, presenting with decreased appetite, dyspnea, and face deformity, with evolution of approximately 2 months. Necropsy revealed an extensive brownish yellow, irregular, ulcerated, and friable focal lesion in the nasal cavity. Purulent secretion drained from the lesion, affecting the nasal vestibule and extending the caudal portion of the dorsal concha, associated with nasal meatus obstruction, destruction of the nasal septum, and nasal bone palatine and vomer. Histologically, the lesion was characterized as rhinitis and pyogranulomatous and necrotizing osteomyelitis (multifocal to coalescent, sharp, and chronic) and associated with a myriad of fungal structures. Morphologically, the hyphae were characterized by thin, slightly tortuous, and rarely septate walls (2-6 μm diameter), multiple chains of individual conidia or in groups (8-10 μm diameter), and pigmented chlamydoconidia (7.5-15 μm diameter). They showed positive results for the special histochemical techniques such as Fontana Masson, methenamine silver nitrate by Grocott, and periodic acid by Schiff. E. rostratum was identified as the causative agent using microbiological isolation associated with molecular identification. Pyrogranulomatous rhinitis caused by E. rostratum in goats is unprecedented, being the first isolation of the agent in animals in Brazil and the first case of nasal phaeohyphomycosis in the goats.

RESUMO: Descreve-se um caso de rinite por Exserohilum rostratum em um caprino, sem raça definida, fêmea, três anos, com diminuição do apetite, dispneia e deformidade facial, com evolução de aproximadamente dois meses. Durante a necropsia, observou-se que na cavidade nasal havia área focal extensa, amarelo acastanhada, irregular, ulcerada e friável, que drenava secreção purulenta acometendo o vestíbulo nasal e estendendo-se da porção caudal da concha dorsal, associada a obstrução do meato nasal, destruição do septo nasal e osso nasal palatino e vômer. Histologicamente, a lesão foi caracterizada como rinite e osteomielite piogranulomatosa e necrosante, multifocal a coalescente, aguda, crônica, associada a uma miríade de estruturas fúngicas. Morfologicamente, as hifas foram caracterizadas por paredes finas, discretamente tortuosas e septadas medindo 2 a 6 μm de diâmetro. Observamos algumas cadeias de conídios ou grupos com 8 a 10 μm de diâmetro e clamidoconídios pigmentados medindo de 7,5 a 15 μm de diâmetro. Foram positivos na histoquímica especial de Fontana Masson, Nitrato de Metenamina de Prata de Grocott e Ácido Periódico de Schiff. O agente foi determinado por meio de isolamento microbiológico associado à identificação molecular. A rinite piogranulomatosa causada por E. rostratum em caprinos é inédita, sendo o primeiro isolamento do agente em animais no Brasil e o primeiro caso de feo-hifomicose nasal na espécie caprina.

Rhinitis in goat by Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata) / Rinite em caprino por Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata)

We described a case of rhinitis case caused by Exserohilum rostratum in a 3-year-old, mixed breed, afemale goat, presenting with decreased appetite, dyspnea, and face deformity, with evolution of approximately 2 months. Necropsy revealed an extensive brownish yellow, irregular, ulcerated, and friable focal lesion in the nasal cavity. Purulent secretion drained from the lesion, affecting the nasal vestibule and extending the caudal portion of the dorsal concha, associated with nasal meatus obstruction, destruction of the nasal septum, and nasal bone palatine and vomer. Histologically, the lesion was characterized as rhinitis and pyogranulomatous and necrotizing osteomyelitis (multifocal to coalescent, sharp, and chronic) and associated with a myriad of fungal structures. Morphologically, the hyphae were characterized by thin, slightly tortuous, and rarely septate walls (2-6 µm diameter), multiple chains of individual conidia or in groups (8-10 µm diameter), and pigmented chlamydoconidia (7.5-15 µm diameter). They showed positive results for the special histochemical techniques such as Fontana Masson, methenamine silver nitrate by Grocott, and periodic acid by Schiff. E. rostratum was identified as the causative agent using microbiological isolation associated with molecular identification. Pyrogranulomatous rhinitis caused by E. rostratum in goats is unprecedented, being the first isolation of the agent in animals in Brazil and the first case of nasal phaeohyphomycosis in the goats.

Descreve-se um caso de rinite por Exserohilum rostratum em um caprino, sem raça definida, fêmea, três anos, com diminuição do apetite, dispneia e deformidade facial, com evolução de aproximadamente dois meses. Durante a necropsia, observou-se que na cavidade nasal havia área focal extensa, amarelo acastanhada, irregular, ulcerada e friável, que drenava secreção purulenta acometendo o vestíbulo nasal e estendendo-se da porção caudal da concha dorsal, associada a obstrução do meato nasal, destruição do septo nasal e osso nasal palatino e vômer. Histologicamente, a lesão foi caracterizada como rinite e osteomielite piogranulomatosa e necrosante, multifocal a coalescente, aguda, crônica, associada a uma miríade de estruturas fúngicas. Morfologicamente, as hifas foram caracterizadas por paredes finas, discretamente tortuosas e septadas medindo 2 a 6 µm de diâmetro. Observamos algumas cadeias de conídios ou grupos com 8 a 10 µm de diâmetro e clamidoconídios pigmentados medindo de 7,5 a 15 µm de diâmetro. Foram positivos na histoquímica especial de Fontana Masson, Nitrato de Metenamina de Prata de Grocott e Ácido Periódico de Schiff. O agente foi determinado por meio de isolamento microbiológico associado à identificação molecular. A rinite piogranulomatosa causada por E. rostratum em caprinos é inédita, sendo o primeiro isolamento do agente em animais no Brasil e o primeiro caso de feo-hifomicose nasal na espécie caprina.