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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ozone therapy applied topically and/or by bagging on the healing of clean wounds induced in rat's skin. Methods: One hundred and twenty male rats of about 16 weeks old was divided into five groups: G1) saline solution (0.9%); G2) sunflower oil; G3) ozonated sunflower oil; G4) ozone bagging; G5) association of ozonated sunflower oil and ozone bagging. The wounds were evaluated through macroscopic, morphometric, histopathologic, and tensile strength analyses. Results: Analysis among groups showed a lower percentage of wound contraction in G1 compared to G4 only in M7D. The tensile strength of the wounds showed differences among groups in the seventh (M7D) and the 14th (M14D) postoperative day, and among time points in G1 (M14D > M7D). The elongation of the wounds showed differences in G3 (M7D > M14D). Histological evaluation of the wounds showed significant change in bleeding, mixed to mononuclear infiltrate, congestion, and tissue disorganization for tissue organization between groups and time points. Conclusions: Ozone therapy applied topically and/or by bagging was not deleterious to the healing of clean wounds induced in rat's skin, but ozone bagging showed the best contribution to the healing process.

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Purpose: The surgical glue is widely used in closing cutaneous surgical wounds. Corticosteroids are indicated for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The present work evaluated the pharmacological effects of triamcinolone (AT) incorporated into surgical glue (C) on the initial phase of the wound healing process in Wistar rats. Methods: Through in-vivo studies, the effects of the healing process, C or C+AT in the same rat were evaluated for seven and 14 days post-surgery. Results: The C+AT association did not change the physicochemical properties of the polymer. This association in wound healing confirmed the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of the corticosteroid, with less neovascularization and fibrosis, in addition to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix carried out by the balance of myofibroblasts and less dense collagen fibers, culminating in tissue regeneration and possible reduction of side effects. Conclusion: This association is a powerful and innovative pharmacological tool, promising in translational medicine.

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Purpose: To describe the effects of melatonin associated with bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel on healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats. Methods: Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in Wistar rats. After wound induction, animals were randomly divided into groups GC, GDCC, GDCB, and GDMCB. Animals were evaluated in days 3, 7, and 14 for the following variables: glycemic levels, histopathological and histochemical analyses, healing rate, morphometry and C-reactive protein. Results: There was no change in glycemic levels in the diabetic animals as a result of the treatments; histopathological analyses showed better healing in GDCB and GDMCB groups, as well as histochemistry; at day 14, the highest healing rate was observed in animals from the GDMCB group, reaching almost 100%; morphometry revealed a significant increase of fibroblasts and reduction of macrophages and blood vessels in lesions treated with bacterial cellulose associated or not with melatonin when compared to the other experimental groups. There was also an increase in C-reactive protein in GDCC group at day 14. Conclusion: Bacterial cellulose-based dressings associated with systemic melatonin showed beneficial results in experimentally induced wounds in diabetic rats, favoring the healing process.

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Purpose: To evaluate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the healing of intestinal sutures in rats. Methods: Forty rats were distributed into four groups. Two groups were treated with a standard diet and considered nourished (I and II). Two other groups were treated with cornmeal and considered malnourished (III and IV). All animals underwent cecotomy and cecorrhaphy. Groups II and IV had sutures overlapped with human PRF membrane. The following parameters were evaluated: animal weight, death, rupture site, rupture pressure, collagen, and reticulin dosage in the suture line. Results: The use of PRF did not influence deaths, rupture pressure or rupture location. For malnourished animals, a significant difference was observed in relation to the rupture site, corresponding to the suture line (p = 0.038) and reticulin dosage (p = 0.040), when PRF was used. There was no difference in relation to burst pressures. Conclusions: The use of PRF did not influence intestinal healing in nourished rats. In the group of malnourished animals, its use favored healing.

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Purpose: To evaluate the association of collagen gel with F18 bioactive glass (BG) in the healing of non-contaminated cutaneous wounds induced in healthy Wistar rats. Methods: One hundred twelve adult and healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 28): saline solution (0.9%); healing ointment based on allantoin and zinc oxide; collagen gel; and association of F18 BG powder and collagen gel. All the rats underwent the creation of a 3-cm diameter wound in their dorsal region. Macroscopic, thermographic, and tensiometric evaluations of the wound were performed. Results: The presence of granulation tissue varied significantly in and between the groups. The surface temperature assessed through thermography of wounds treated with saline solution (0.9%) increased significantly over time and between the groups. No difference was identified regarding tensiometry. Conclusions: Collagen gel associated with F18 BG induced beneficial healing effects on non-contaminated cutaneous wounds in Wistar rats, which included the induction of increased blood perfusion as assessed through thermography.

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[{"text": "Hymenolepis nana is a common intestinal tapeworm that affects humans. Drugs, including praziquantel (PZQ), are essential for managing this infection. Natural products are now considered as an alternative agent to control hymenolepiasis. Three doses of the herb Ferula asafetida (FAH) (100-150-200 mg/ml) were used to assess the appropriate dose and right time to eliminate H. nana. It was found that 150 mg/ml gives no movement in 5 min and is an appropriate dose affecting H. nana. This study showed that FAH completely controls mature worms. Treatment with FAH induced a significant reduction in worm burden and complete healing after 14 days relative to a single dose PZQ drug. Moreover, histological studies for the infected-treated mice with FAH demonstrated improvement in the intestinal tissue and less accumulation of inflammation relative to those treated with PZQ. In addition, the cestodal infection significantly upregulated the inflammatory cytokines. This increase in mRNA expression of TNF-

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The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities and the in vivo wound healing performance of a polysaccharide isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra named PSG. It was structurally characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of different polysaccharides functional bands. The antioxidant capacity of PSG was determined in vitro and evaluated in vivo through the examination of wound healing capacity. Thirty two rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I was treated with physiological serum (negative control); group II was treated with "CYTOL CENTELLA®"; group III was treated with glycerol and group IV was treated with polysaccharide. The response to treatments was assessed by macroscopic, histologic, and biochemical parameters. Data revealed that our sample exhibited potential antioxidant activities and accelerated significantly the wound healing process, after ten days of treatment, proved by the higher wound appearance scores and a higher content of collagen confirmed by histological examination, when compared with control and "CYTOL CENTELLA®". Overall, these findings proved that this polysaccharide isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra could be considered as a natural bioactive polymer for therapeutic process in wound healing applications.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as atividades antibacteriana e antioxidante in vitro e o desempenho cicatricial in vivo de um polissacarídeo isolado de Glycyrrhiza glabra denominado PSG. Foi caracterizado estruturalmente por espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), que confirmou a presença de diferentes bandas funcionais de polissacarídeos. A capacidade antioxidante da PSG foi determinada in vitro e avaliada in vivo através do exame da capacidade de cicatrização de feridas. Trinta e dois ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: o grupo I foi tratado com soro fisiológico (controle negativo); o grupo II foi tratado com "CYTOL CENTELLA®"; o grupo III foi tratado com glicerol e o grupo IV foi tratado com polissacarídeo. A resposta aos tratamentos foi avaliada por parâmetros macroscópicos, histológicos e bioquímicos. Os dados revelaram que nossa amostra apresentou atividades antioxidantes potenciais e acelerou significativamente o processo de cicatrização da ferida, após dez dias de tratamento, comprovado pelos maiores escores de aparência da ferida e maior teor de colágeno confirmado pelo exame histológico, quando comparado ao controle e "CYTOL CENTELLA® ". No geral, esses achados provaram que esse polissacarídeo isolado de Glycyrrhiza glabra pode ser considerado um polímero bioativo natural para processos terapêuticos em aplicações de cicatrização de feridas.

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Sesbania javanica Miq. is widely distributed in canals throughout Thailand and its flowers are commonly consumed in Thailand. Sesbania javanica floral extracts have previously been demonstrated to have antimutagenic activity, but information on the bioactivity and beneficial properties of other plant parts, such as the leaf, remains limited. In this study, the induction of cell proliferation and wound-healing activity of DMSO extracts from flowers and leaves of S. javanica was evaluated. A high concentration (1:25 and 1:50 dilutions) of all extracts was cytotoxic to Balb/c 3T3 fibroblast cells. A low concentration (1:500 and 1:1000 dilutions) of extracts A, B, and C (extracted from leaves) significantly promoted cell viability after treatment of the fibroblast cells for 24 or 48 h. The 1:500 and 1:1000 dilutions of extracts B and C were selected for a scratch assay to assess their wound-healing activity and significantly decreased the wound area after treatment for 24 h. These findings provide evidence that leaf extracts from S. javanica have potential utility for the treatment of wounds.

Sesbania javanica Miq. é amplamente distribuído em canais da Tailândia e suas flores são comumente consumidas no país. Extratos florais de Sesbania javanica já demonstraram atividade antimutagênica, mas informações sobre a bioatividade e propriedades benéficas de outras partes da planta, como a folha, permanecem limitadas. Neste estudo, avaliaram-se a indução da proliferação celular e a atividade cicatrizante de extratos de DMSO de flores e folhas de S. javanica. Uma alta concentração (1:25 e 1:50 diluições) de todos os extratos foi citotóxica para células de fibroblastos Balb/c 3T3. Já uma baixa concentração (1:500 e 1:1000 diluições) de extratos A, B, e C (extraído das folhas) promoveu significativamente a viabilidade celular após o tratamento das células fibroblásticas por 24 ou 48 horas. As diluições de 1:500 e 1:1000 dos extratos B e C foram selecionadas para um ensaio de raspagem para avaliar sua atividade cicatrizante e diminuíram significativamente a área da ferida após o tratamento por 24 horas. Esses resultados fornecem evidências de que extratos de folhas de S. javanica têm potencial para o tratamento de feridas.

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This study delves into the intricate relationship between women and medicinal plants, underscoring their historical and cultural roles mainly in 11 different countries. By specifically examining the impact of social impositions on gender in healthcare and the use of medicinal plants, the research critiques the perspectives that have marginalized both women and nature. To address these issues, ethnobotanical studies should promote research that encompasses the gender. Conducting a systematic review on Women and Medicinal Plants, the research explores key aspects in ethnobotanical studies: botanical knowledge, transmission of knowledge, medicinal plants used in women's reproductive health, access to healthcare, and the primary knowledge holders. The bibliographic survey, utilizing the Capes database, reveals 205 plant species with 32 medicinal uses for women's health. Rute chalepensis L. (rue) was mentioned four times for abortion, labor contraction, facilitating childbirth, and placental expulsion. In relation to women's reproductive health, different plants have been used by women and traditional practitioners worldwide. The use of medicinal plants can be associated with social vulnerability in marginalized communities by society which do not have easy access to public health, so they rely on alternative methods such as homemade remedies. Although knowledge about medicinal plants is an intellectual task developed by women, in some societies, such as capitalist societies, gender roles will evolve into specific knowledge, such as the task of family health care. The triple workload is not beneficial to women. Traditional knowledge, when allied with sustainability, can promote gender equality by transmitting intergenerational botanical knowledge without gender distinction and by reclaiming cultivation practices beneficial to the environment, biodiversity, and human health. The study invites ethnobotanical researchers to investigate gender dynamics within their studies. The results of this work can contribute to future research on women and medicinal plants.(AU)

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We studied the complete chloroplast genome of Gomphocarpus siniacus and Duvalia velutina from Asclepiadoideae subfamily; due to their medicinal importance and distribution worldwide their interest became high. In this study we analyzed the complete chloroplast genomes of G. siniacus and D. velutina using Illumina sequencing technology. The sequences were compared with the other species from Apocynaceae family. The complete genome of G. siniacus is 162,570 bp while D. velutina has154, 478 bp in length. Both genomes consist of 119 genes; encode 31 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Comparative studies of the two genomes showed variations in SSR markers in which G. siniacus possesses 223 while D. velutina has 186. This could be used for barcoding in order to aid in easy identification of the species. Phylogenetic analysis on the other hand reaffirms the tribal position of G. siniacus in Asclepiadeae and D. velutina in Ceropegieae. These findings could be used in subsequent research studies of angiosperms identification, genetic engineering, herb genomics and phylogenomic studies of Apocynaceae family.

Estudamos o genoma completo do cloroplasto de Gomphocarpus siniacus e Duvalia velutina da subfamília Asclepiadoideae. Em razão de sua importância medicinal e distribuição em todo o mundo, o seu interesse tornou-se elevado. Neste estudo, analisamos os genomas completos de cloroplastos de G. siniacus e D. velutina usando a tecnologia de sequenciamento Illumina. As sequências foram comparadas com as demais espécies da família Apocynaceae. O genoma completo de G. siniacus tem 162.570 pb, enquanto D. velutina tem 154.478 pb de comprimento. Ambos os genomas consistem em 119 genes e codificam 31 genes de tRNA e 8 genes de rRNA. Estudos comparativos dos dois genomas mostraram variações nos marcadores SSR em que G. siniacus possui 223, enquanto D. velutina possui 186. Isso poderia ser usado para código de barras para facilitar a identificação das espécies. A análise filogenética, por outro lado, reafirma a posição tribal de G. siniacus em Asclepiadeae e D. velutina em Ceropegieae. Esses achados poderão ser utilizados em pesquisas posteriores de identificação de angiospermas, engenharia genética, genômica de ervas e estudos filogenômicos da família Apocynaceae.

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Purpose: To evaluate using a biocellulose-based hydrogel as an adjuvant in the healing process of arterial ulcers. Methods: A prospective single group quasi-experimental study was carried out with chronic lower limb arterial ulcer patients. These patients received biocellulose-based hydrogel dressings and outpatient guidance on dressing and periodic reassessments. The primary outcomes were the ulcer-healing rate and product safety, which were assessed by ulcer area measured in photographic records of pre-treatment and posttreatment after 7, 30, and 60 days. Secondary outcomes were related to clinical assessment by the quality-of-life scores (SF-36 and EQ-5D) and pain, evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Seventeen participants were included, and one of them was excluded. Six patients (37%) had complete wound healing, and all patients had a significant reduction in the ulcer area during follow-up (233.6mm2 versus 2.7mm2) and reduction on the score PUSH 3.0 (p < 0.0001). The analysis of the SF-36 and EQ-5D questionnaires showed a statistically significant improvement in almost all parameters analyzed and with a reduction of pain assessed by the VAS. Conclusions: The biocellulose-based hydrogel was safe and showed a good perspective to promoting the necessary conditions to facilitate partial or complete healing of chronic arterial ulcers within a 60-day follow-up. Quality of life and pain were positively affected by the treatment.

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Purpose: To evaluate exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) derived from bacterial fermentation through enteral and parenteral routes in ischemic skin flaps induced in rats, using clinical and histological exams; and interleukins (IL) as tissue inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: Sixty-four male adults Wistar rats with ischemic skin flaps on the dorsum were randomized into four groups, based on the treatment protocol: subcutaneous administration of saline solution (0.9%) (GI); oral administration of distilled water (GII); subcutaneous administration of HA (0.3%) (GIII); and oral administration of HA (1%) (GIV). Flaps of all groups were comparable regarding clinical and macroscopic evaluation, histological examination, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Results: A lower percentage of necrosis was identified in flaps treated with subcutaneous administration of HA (0.3%). The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, epidermis thickness, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells showed statistically significant inter-group and intra-group differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions: High molecular HA (1,400 ~ 2,000 kDa) administrated by subcutaneous or oral route exhibited beneficial effects in ischemic skin flaps of rats. However, subcutaneous administration of HA (0.3%) showed better results in terms of the percentage of necrosis and epithelialization.

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Purpose: To evaluate the effects of curcumin supplementation on abdominal surgical wound healing in rats using clinical, histological, and hematological parameters. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the curcumin group, and the control group. The curcumin group received, in addition to water and standard feed, curcumin via gavage at the dose of 200 mg/kg for seven days preceding and seven days following surgery. The control group received only water and standard feed. Both groups underwent median laparotomy and left colotomy. On the eighth postoperative day, the groups were euthanized, and the left colon was resected for histological analysis. Results: In the preoperative evaluation, there was a significant decrease in the mean C-reactive protein levels in the curcumin group (0.06) compared to the control group (0.112) (p = 0.0001). In the postoperative wound healing assessment, a significant decrease was observed in inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.0006) and blood vessel count (p = 0.0002) in the curcumin group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Curcumin supplementation was able to significantly reduce inflammatory parameters in both pre-and post-operative phases of abdominal surgical wounds in rats.

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Pre-clinical assays demonstrated that a 1% polyvinyl alcohol biomembrane containing latex proteins (10%) from the medicinal plant Calotropis procera was biocompatible and stimulated healing of incisional and excisional wounds in murine models, and the mechanistic aspects were established. The efficacy of the biomembrane (BioMemCpLP) to promote healing of chronic ulcers in leprosy patients was investigated. The study started with 28 volunteers. Five were excluded later due to different disconformities. Ulcers from 15 patients were continuously treated with BioMemCpLP for 56 days. Five patients were treated only with silver sulfadiazine and three patients received plain hydrocolloid wound dressings with high absorption capacity. In all cases, wound dressings were renewed three times a week for 56 days and ulcers were evaluated weekly for contraction and healing progress. The extent of the healed area in the ulcers treated with BioMemCpLP was greater than in the control groups. Approximately 88% of ulcers treated with BioMemCpLP were fully healed before day 56, against 6% in both control groups. This result was not correlated with age/gender, duration or location of ulcers, deformity or whether or not the patient was cured of leprosy. The results showed that BioMemCpLP was beneficial for treatment of ulcers suffered by leprosy patients without noticeable side effects.

Ensaios pré-clínicos demonstraram que uma biomembrana composta de álcool polivinílico a 1%, contendo proteínas de látex (10%) obtidas da planta medicinal Calotropis procera (Aiton) era biocompatível e estimulava a cicatrização de feridas incisionais e excisionais em modelos murinos, e aspectos mecanísticos foram estabelecidos. No estudo atual, foi investigada a eficácia da biomembrana (BioMemCpLP) em promover a cicatrização de úlceras crônicas em pacientes acometidos de hanseníase. O estudo foi iniciado com 28 voluntários. Cinco foram excluídos, posteriormente, por diferentes desconformidades. Úlceras de 15 pacientes foram tratadas continuamente com BioMemCpLP durante 56 dias. Outros cinco pacientes foram tratados apenas com sulfadiazina de prata e mais três pacientes receberam curativos simples de hidrocoloide com alta capacidade de absorção. Em todos os casos, os curativos foram renovados três vezes por semana e as úlceras foram avaliadas semanalmente quanto à contração e ao progresso da cicatrização, durante 56 dias. A extensão da área cicatrizada, nas úlceras tratadas com BioMemCpLP, foi maior do que nos dois grupos controles. Aproximadamente 88% das úlceras tratadas com BioMemCpLP foram totalmente curadas, antes do dia 56 de tratamento, contra 6% em ambos os grupos de controle. Esse resultado não foi correlacionado com idade/sexo, tempo de lesão ou localização das úlceras, deformidade ou se o paciente alcançou ou não a cura da hanseníase. Os resultados mostraram que a BioMemCpLP foi benéfica no tratamento de úlceras sofridas por pacientes com hanseníase, sem efeitos colaterais perceptíveis.

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Purpose: To assess the cytotoxicity and wound healing properties of an alginate hydrogel containing calendula glycolic extract. Methods: Cell viability in murine fibroblasts (3T3 cells) was evaluated using MTT and SRB assays. The wound healing effect was tested in an incisional wound model on 50 female Wistar rats, divided into two groups: rats treated with alginate hydrogel (n = 25), and rats treated with calendula-alginate hydrogel. Wound healing was assessed by measuring wound retraction rate and histological analysis of lesion tissues over a 28-day period. Histological analyses were performed on days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-surgery to examine inflammatory infiltrate, macrophage count, and angiogenesis. Picrosirius red staining was used to compare the relative abundance of collagen types I and III fibers. Results: Cytotoxicity tests on 3T3 cells revealed increased cell viability with the calendula-alginate hydrogel. The calendula-alginate hydrogel also demonstrated a significant improvement in wound closure, supported by histopathological analysis, showing reduced inflammation, increased macrophage activity, and enhanced collagen deposition. Conclusions: These findings evidenced the therapeutic potential of combining calendula extract and alginate for promoting enhanced wound healing.

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Ayahuasca is a psychoactive decoction originally used in indigenous Amazonian culture. It consists of a dense brown liquid that most frequently results from the decoction of two plants native to the Amazon rainforest, Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae) and Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae). The composition of the decoction is variable, as several plant species can be used in its preparation. Its psychoactive effect occurs due to the presence of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an agonist at serotonergic receptors (5-HT1A/2A/2C) that is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A), and also the presence of ß-carbolines, which are reversible MAO-A inhibitors. This joint interaction promotes a sequence of psychedelic neurochemical effects. Due to the current expansion of research on psychedelic substances and the growing public interest in the benefits of ayahuasca beyond its traditional use in the Amazon, academic research on its therapeutic capacity has been increasing. This study aimed to carry out a literature review on the scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential of ingesting ayahuasca. The review covered the period 2012-2022, and resulted in evidence on the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca on depression/anxiety, chemical dependency/alcoholism and Parkinson's disease, as well as neuropsychological effects, and possible toxic effects on reproduction/embryonic development, among other adverse effects. The highest number of publications in the searched period dealt with the effects of ayahuasca on depression and anxiety. Further studies need to address the detailed mechanism of action of ayahuasca, as well as its potential toxicity, in order to demonstrate its safety.

Ayahuasca é uma decocção psicoativa originalmente usada na cultura indígena amazônica. É constituída por um líquido denso e marrom que resulta mais frequentemente da decocção de duas plantas nativas da floresta amazônica, Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae) e Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae). A composição da decocção é variável, pois diversas espécies vegetais podem ser utilizadas em seu preparo. Seu efeito psicoativo ocorre devido à presença de N,N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT), agonista dos receptores serotoninérgicos (5-HT1A/2A/2C), que é metabolizado pela enzima monoamina oxidase tipo A (MAO-A), e também à presença de ß-carbolinas, que são inibidores reversíveis da MAO-A. Essa interação conjunta promove uma sequência de efeitos neuroquímicos psicodélicos. Devido à atual expansão das pesquisas sobre substâncias psicodélicas e ao crescente interesse público nos benefícios da ayahuasca, além do seu uso tradicional na Amazônia, as pesquisas acadêmicas sobre sua capacidade terapêutica têm aumentado. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as evidências científicas do potencial terapêutico da ingestão de ayahuasca. A revisão abrangeu o período 2012-2022, e resultou em evidências sobre os efeitos terapêuticos da ayahuasca na depressão/ansiedade, dependência química/alcoolismo e doença de Parkinson, bem como efeitos neuropsicológicos, e possíveis efeitos tóxicos na reprodução/desenvolvimento embrionário, entre outros efeitos adversos. O maior número de publicações no período pesquisado tratou dos efeitos da ayahuasca sobre a depressão e a ansiedade. Estudos futuros precisam abordar o mecanismo detalhado de ação da ayahuasca, bem como sua potencial toxicidade, a fim de demonstrar sua segurança.

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The sedative and anesthetic actions of several essential oils (EO) on fish have been The sedative and anesthetic actions of several essential oils (EO) on fish have been demonstrated, stimulating the search for new options for natural anesthetics. This work evaluated the safety and sedative and anesthetic efficacy of EOs from three native Brazilian plants, Acmella oleracea (jambu), Aloysia hatschbachii and Cordia verbenacea (whale herb) in juvenile Rhamdia quelen (silver catfish). Anesthetic induction and recovery protocols (20 to 400 mg L-1) and long exposure (48 h) from 10 to 100 mg L-1 were tested. The EOs performed sedative and/or anesthetic activities: AOOi at a concentration of 20 mg L-1, AOOl at 50 and 100 mg L-1, AHOl, and CVOL (only sedation) 50 mg L⁻¹, as there were no important adverse effects and/or mortality. The results obtained indicate that Cordia verbenacea EO is the most promising as a sedative for juvenile silver catfish at a concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹.

As ações sedativas e anestésicas de diversos óleos essenciais (OE) em peixes têm sido demonstradas, estimulando a busca por novas opções de anestésicos naturais. Este trabalho avaliou a segurança e a eficácia sedativa e anestésica de OE de três plantas nativas brasileiras, Acmella oleracea (jambu), Aloysia hatschbachii e Cordia verbenacea (erva-baleeira) em juvenis de Rhamdia quelen (jundiá). Foram testados protocolos de indução e recuperação anestésica (20 a 400 mg L-1) e longa exposição (48 h) de 10 a 100 mg L-1. Os OEs realizavam atividades sedativas e/ou anestésicas: AOOi na concentração de 20 mg L-1, AOOl na concentração de 50 e 100 mg L-1, AHOl, e CVOL (somente sedação) 50 mg L-1 o AHOl (sedação e anestesia) e CVOL (sedação) na concentração de 50 mg L⁻¹, pois não houve efeitos adversos importantes e/ou mortalidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o OE de Cordia verbenacea é o mais promissor como sedativo para juvenis de jundiá na concentração de 50 mg L⁻¹.

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The proper establishment of plants is essential for the efficient use of resources such as water and light. Besides, even after seed storage and sowing the uniform establishment of plants is essential for their success. Crotalaria ochroleuca and Crotalaria spectabilis are important medicinal plants with poor seed germination rate, occasionally. The effects of seed priming in both C. ochroleuca and C. spectabilis were evaluated in seed performance even after seeds storage for up 90-days. Experimental assays were performed in a randomized design with gibberellic acid (GA3, 100 ppm), polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, -0.2 MPa) and PEG (-0.2 MPa) + GA3 (100 ppm) solutions during seed priming in four replicates. Seeds not submitted to priming treatments constituted control. Seeds physiological performance were evaluated immediately and even after 30, 60 and 90-days seed dry-storage. The data obtained in each experiment were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) adopting a confidence level of 95%. The effects of seed priming with PEG and GA3 during seed ageing were significant for germination variables of C. ochroleuca and C. spectabilis. During dry storage, seed viability of both species gradually decreased and the first symptoms were delayed seed germination, especially more evident for C. ochroleuca, even in primed or non-primed seeds. Afterwards, C. ochroleuca seeds previously GA3 primed had higher results of root protrusion (86%), hypocotyls elongation (76%) and complete seedlings (75%) than non-primed seeds (control). These findings shown a good potential of hormopriming to attenuate damage during the seed aging of C. ochroleuca.

O estabelecimento adequado das plantas é essencial para o uso eficiente de recursos como água e luz. Além disso, mesmo após o armazenamento e semeadura das sementes, o estabelecimento uniforme das plantas é essencial para o seu sucesso. Crotalaria ochroleuca e Crotalaria spectabilis são plantas medicinais importantes com baixa taxa de germinação de sementes, ocasionalmente. Os efeitos do condicionamento fisiológico de sementes em C. ochroleuca e C. spectabilis foram avaliados no desempenho das sementes mesmo após o armazenamento por até 90 dias. Os ensaios experimentais foram realizados em delineamento casualizado com soluções de ácido giberélico (GA3, 100 ppm), polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000, -0,2 MPa) e PEG (-0,2 MPa) + GA3 (100 ppm) durante o condicionamento físiológico das sementes, em quatro repetições. As sementes que não foram submetidas aos tratamentos de condicionamento constituíram o controle. O desempenho fisiológico das sementes foi avaliado imediatamente e após 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento. Os dados obtidos em cada experimento foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) adotando-se nível de confiança de 95%. Os efeitos do condicionamento de sementes com PEG e GA3 durante o envelhecimento das sementes foram significativos para as medidas de germinação de C. ochroleuca e C. spectabilis. Durante o armazenamento, a viabilidade das sementes de ambas as espécies diminuiu gradualmente e os primeiros sintomas foram o atraso na germinação das sementes, especialmente para C. ochroleuca. Posteriormente, sementes de C. ochroleuca previamente condicionadas com GA3 apresentaram maiores resultados de protrusão radicular (86%), alongamento de hipocótilos (76%) e plântulas normais (75%) do que sementes não condicionadas (controle). Esses achados mostraram um bom potencial do condicionamento fisiológico com fitohormônio para atenuar os danos durante o envelhecimento das sementes de C. ochroleuca.

Resumo

Abstract Ferns are often used by indigenous people in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study was designed to collect the ethnomedicinal and traditional knowledge of these locals about this group of vascular plants. Forty taxa belong to nineteen genera and ten families are used in the treatment of different diseases. The Pteridaceae was the most representative family with twelve taxa (30%), followed by Athyriaceae and Dryopteridaceae with six taxa each (30%), and Thelypteridaceae with five taxa (12.5%). Regarding the genera, Adiantum, Asplenium and Dryopteris ranked first with four taxa each (30%), followed by Aleuritopteris, Diplazium, Pteris and Equisetum with three taxa each (30%), followed by Athyrium, Oeosporangium, Polystichum and Pseudophegopteris with two taxa each (20%). These taxa were commonly used in the treatment of respiratory disorders i.e. asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia; intestinal ulcer, stomach, urinary ailments and skin disorders by the methods of decoction and infusion. Traditional knowledge about ethnomedicinal plants is a valuable and essential source for the discovery of allopathic, herbal and homeopathic medicines.

Resumo As samambaias são frequentemente usadas pelos indígenas em Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Este estudo foi desenhado para coletar o conhecimento etnomedicinal e tradicional desses moradores sobre este grupo de plantas vasculares. Quarenta táxons pertencem a dezenove gêneros, e dez famílias são utilizadas no tratamento de diferentes doenças. Pteridaceae foi a família mais representativa com doze táxons (30%), seguida por Athyriaceae e Dryopteridaceae com seis táxons cada (30%), e Thelypteridaceae com cinco táxons (12,5%). Em relação aos gêneros, Adiantum, Asplenium e Dryopteris ficaram em primeiro lugar com quatro táxons cada (30%), seguidos por Aleuritopteris, Diplazium, Pteris e Equisetum com três táxons cada (30%), e Athyrium, Oeosporangium, Polystichum e Pseudophegopteris com dois táxons cada (20%). Estes táxons foram comumente usados ​​no tratamento de distúrbios respiratórios, isto é, asma, bronquite, enfisema, pneumonia; úlcera intestinal, estômago, doenças urinárias e doenças da pele pelos métodos de decocção e infusão. O conhecimento tradicional sobre plantas etnomedicinais é uma fonte valiosa e essencial para a descoberta de medicamentos alopáticos, fitoterápicos e homeopáticos.

Resumo

The study of biologically active substances-secondary metabolites of plants that exhibit geroprotective properties is an actual and popular direction in medicine to prevent early aging. This work aims to select the cultivation parameters for obtaining in vitro cell cultures of meadowsweet containing the largest amount of biologically active substances (BAS) for their further extraction as candidate substances for geroprotectors. To specify the effectiveness of the selected cell culture cultivation parameters, biomass growth for callus and root cultures, growth index, specific growth rate, and viability for suspension cultures was carried out. The study results made it possible to select the nutrient media for the cultivation of cell cultures of meadowsweet. It has been found that the greater the antioxidant activity of the extracts, the greater the antimicrobial properties it exhibits. In this study, cell cultures in vitro and alcohol extracts from the plant Filipendula ulmaria were considered as raw materials rich in candidate substances for geroprotectors. According to the data obtained, the plant is rich in hydroxybenzoic and salicylic acids, spireoside, avicularin, and hyperoside.

O estudo de substâncias biologicamente ativas - metabólitos secundários de plantas que apresentam propriedades geroprotetoras - é uma tendência atual e popular no campo da medicina para a prevenção do envelhecimento precoce. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar os parâmetros de cultivo para obtenção de culturas celulares in vitro de Ulmária contendo a maior quantidade de substâncias biologicamente ativas (SBA), para sua posterior extração como substâncias candidatas a serem geroprotetoras. Para especificar a eficácia dos parâmetros selecionados de cultivo em cultura de células, foi realizada a análise de crescimento de biomassa para culturas de calos e raízes, índice de crescimento, taxa de crescimento específica e viabilidade para culturas em suspensão. Os resultados do estudo possibilitaram a seleção do meio nutriente para o cultivo de células de Ulmária. Verificou-se que, quanto maior a atividade antioxidante dos extratos, maiores eram as propriedades antimicrobianas exibidas. Neste estudo, culturas celulares in vitro e extratos alcoólicos da planta Filipendula ulmaria foram considerados matérias-primas ricas em substâncias candidatas a serem geroprotetoras. De acordo com os dados obtidos, a planta é rica em ácidos hidroxibenzoico e salicílico, espirosídeo, avicularina e hiperosídeo.