A proposed new frame score system for Nellore cattle / Proposta de novo sistema de escore de estrutura corporal para bovinos Nelore

A new frame score system was developed for Nellore cattle, based upon ideal slaughter weights to achieve desired degrees of carcass fat cover. Data consisting of 688 complete records including sex, age, weight, hip height, and subcutaneous fat on growing Nellore cattle (190 males and 498 females) were obtained from the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP), Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil. Weight data were regressed on sex, age, hip height, and fat cover as covariates. Age was then fixed at 550 days and fat cover was set to 6 mm, and new equations for frame scores (1 to 11) in Nellore cattle were developed: FrameNellore (males) = -42.43 + 0.04919 × Age + 0.3368 × Height - 0.0003369 × Age × Height and FrameNellore (females) = -41.76 + 0.04919 × Age + 0.3368 × Height - 0.0003369 × Age × Height (Age and Height in days and cm, respectively). The Nellore equations resulted in average frame of 5.3, ranging from 2.3 to 7.7. Values were similar for males (5.4) and females (5.3). By contrast, previous equations gave higher values, that were very different between males and females. The new Nellore frame scores appear reasonable, particularly regarding body composition.(AU)

Um novo sistema de escore para estrutura corporal foi desenvolvido para bovinos Nelore, baseado em pesos de abate ideais para atingir os graus desejados de cobertura de gordura da carcaça. Dados de 688 registros completos incluindo sexo, idade, peso, altura do quadril e gordura subcutânea de bovinos Nelore em crescimento (190 machos e 498 fêmeas) foram obtidos da Associação Nacional de Criadores e Pesquisadores (ANCP), Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brasil. Os dados de peso foram regredidos por sexo, idade, altura do quadril e cobertura de gordura como covariáveis. A idade foi então fixada em 550 dias e a cobertura de gordura foi fixada em 6 mm, e novas equações para escores de estrutura corporal (1 a 11) em bovinos Nelore foram desenvolvidas: FrameNelore (machos) = -42,43 + 0,04919 × Idade + 0,3368 × Altura - 0,0003369 × Idade × Altura e FrameNellore (fêmeas) = -41,76 + 0,04919 × Idade + 0,3368 × Altura - 0,0003369 × Idade × Altura (Idade e Altura em dias e cm, respectivamente). As equações de Nelore resultaram em estrutura corporal médio de 5,3, variando de 2,3 a 7,7. Os valores foram semelhantes para machos (5,4) e fêmeas (5,3). Por outro lado, as equações anteriores deram valores mais altos, que eram muito diferentes entre machos e fêmeas. As novas pontuações de estruturacorporal no Nelore parecem razoáveis, principalmente em relação à composição corporal.(AU)

Effects of amylin on egg quality traits of hens during the early laying period

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of amylin, a pancreatic hormone polypeptide, on egg quality traits in laying hens. A total of 40 birds (14 wk of age) were randomly divided into two treatments with two replicates, 10 birds in each replicate. Twenty birds were subcutaneously injected with amylin at 75 µg/kg every other day (treatment 1), and the remaining animals (20 hens) were given only water as the control group (treatment 2). Eggs collected from the two groups (140 eggs per group) were examined for several quality performance traits such as egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell ash, eggshell weight, Haugh unit (HU), albumen index, yolk index, yolk color, and albumen height. The results indicated that amylin had a positive effect on some egg quality traits in laying hens. Specific gravity, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, HU, albumen index, yolk index, and albumen height, which are all considered as important quality parameters from the consumer point of view, especially HU, were relatively improved in the amylin treatment group. These results showed that the injection of 75 µg/kg amylin has a significant effect on some egg quality traits. Considering that egg quality characteristics are crucial for the egg industry, this study can be a reference for the detailed investigation of the use of amylin in the different stages of egg production.

Environmental characteristics, nutritional and executive functions in children of 6 to 7 years

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos dos três municípios. Provavelmente, mesmo sendo todas escolas públicas e de diferentes cidades, as crianças têm condições sociais semelhantes.

Environmental characteristics, nutritional and executive functions in children of 6 to 7 years / Características ambientais, funções nutricionais e executivas em crianças de 6 a 7 anos

This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed [...].

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos [...].

Environmental characteristics, nutritional and executive functions in children of 6 to 7 years / Características ambientais, funções nutricionais e executivas em crianças de 6 a 7 anos

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos dos três municípios. Provavelmente, mesmo sendo todas escolas públicas e de diferentes cidades, as crianças têm condições sociais semelhantes.

Environmental characteristics, nutritional and executive functions in children of 6 to 7 years / Características ambientais, funções nutricionais e executivas em crianças de 6 a 7 anos

This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed [...].(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos [...].(AU)

Performance, Gut Integrity, Enterobacteria Content in Ceca of Broiler Fed Different Eubiotic Additives

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of different eubiotics on productive characteristics, intestinal integrity, as well as the content of enterobacteria in the cecum of broiler chickens. A completely randomized design with five treatments and 8 replicates of 25 birds each was used. In total 1000 mixed broiler chickens from Ross308 strain, one day old were obtained from a commercial hatchery. The birds were housed on concrete floors in a conventional house. A sorghum+soybean meal control diet was used, to which the additives under study were added. The treatments were distributed as follows: T1 = Control diet without antibiotic or eubiotic; T2 = T1 + bacteriophages; T3 = T1 + antibiotic; T4 = T1 + probiotic; T5 = T1 + symbiotic. The results obtained at 49 days of age for weight gain and feed conversion rate improved (p<0.05) with the addition of the antibiotic and eubiotics. A lower (p<0.05) intestinal density was observed with the probiotic. The height, width, and area of villi in duodenum was higher (p<0.05) when antibiotic and eubiotics were included. In the histological score, in duodenum, the antibiotic and eubiotics resulted with a higher score (p<0.05), associated to a physiological and controlled inflammation response that allowed improving productivity. Finally, the relative expression of enterobacteria, such as Lactobacillus salivarius, allowed associating positive changes in the microbiome and better productive parameters when including the symbiotic, with comparable results to the antibiotic when including the eubiotics.(AU)

Effects of microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on feed digestibility, intestinal mucosa, and biochemical and antioxidant parameters in broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on metabolizable energy, feed digestibility, intestinal morphometric analysis, and antioxidant parameters in broilers. A completely randomized design with five treatments and eight replications of eight broilers (Cobb male) was used, and collections were carried out at 20 and 42 days of age. Carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde concentrations (mg/kg) were: 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, and 200. Carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde improved apparent metabolizable energy but did not change protein and ether extract digestibility. Supplementation increased intestinal villus height and villi:crypt ratio; in which 100 mg/kg produced the greatest villus height. Serum uric acid levels were lower in birds receiving supplementation. Improvement in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase was observed, while lower uric acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and reactive oxygen species levels were observed. Microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde improve apparent metabolizable energy and can be administered in broiler feed without risk to the bird's health. These supplements may serve as alternative products to aid the performance of commercial poultry.

Effects of functional oil blend on performance, blood metabolites, organ biometry and intestinal morphometry in nursery piglets / Efeitos da mistura de óleo funcional no desempenho, metabólitos sanguíneos, biometria de órgãos e morfometria intestinal em leitões de creche

This study was conducted to assess the effects of functional oil (FO) blend on performance, blood metabolites, organ biometry and intestinal morphometry in piglets. A total of 128 crossbreed piglets (Landrace × Large White, 64 uncastrated males and 64 females, 21 d of age, and 6.79 ± 1.76 kg BW) were allocated in a randomized complete block design with two dietary treatments: a FO-free (FOF) diet or a diet based on added FO (1,500 mg/kg of diet with castor oil plus cashew nutshell oil). Piglets fed FO showed higher (p ≤ 0.05) average daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and final body weight after 23 d of study. For the total period, piglets fed FO showed greater (p = 0.007) feed conversion ratio. On d 23, higher serum total protein (p = 0.026) and globulin (p = 0.050) concentration, lower liver (p = 0.042) and stomach (p = 0.074) weight, and greater (p = 0.082) villi height (VH) in duodenum were observed in piglets fed FO. Nonetheless, piglets fed FOF showed greater (p = 0.054) ileal VH, but greater (p = 0.004) crypt depth (CD) in jejunum. Piglets fed FO showed higher VH to CD ratio in jejunum (p = 0.068) and duodenum (p = 0.074) on d 23 and 37, respectively. Based on the results, FO blend improved the performance of weaned piglets; however, it negatively affected the feed conversion ratio in the total period. Moreover, FO blend promoted changes in total protein concentrations and improvements in digestive and absorptive capacity assessed through VH to CD ratio, with a significant reduction in organs.

Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos de uma mistura de óleo funcional (OF) no desempenho zootécnico, nos metabólitos sanguíneos, na biometria de órgãos e na morfometria intestinal de leitões. Um total de 128 leitões mestiços (Landrace × Large White, 64 machos inteiros e 64 fêmeas; 21 dias de idade e peso corporal de 6,79 ± 1,76 kg) foram alocados em um delineamento de blocos casualizados completos, com dois tratamentos dietéticos: uma dieta sem OF (SOF) ou uma dieta baseada na adição de OF (1.500 mg/kg de dieta com OF de mamona e castanha de caju). Os leitões alimentados com OF apresentaram maior (p ≤ 0,05) consumo de ração diário médio, ganho de peso corporal diário e peso corporal aos 23 dias de experimento. Entretanto, os leitões que consumiram dietas com OF tiveram conversão alimentar superior (p = 0,007) no período total. No dia 23, houve aumento na concentração de proteína total (p = 0,026) e globulina (p = 0,050), menor peso de fígado (p = 0,042) e estômago (p = 0,074), e maior (p = 0,082) altura de vilosidade (AV) no duodeno em leitões que consumiram OF; entretanto, os leitões SOF tiveram (p = 0,054) AV superior no íleo, mas apresentaram (p = 0,004) profundidade de cripta (PC) superior no jejuno. Uma maior relação AV:PC no jejuno (p = 0,068) e duodeno (p = 0,074) foi observada em leitões com OF nos dias 23 e 37, respectivamente. Com base nos resultados, a mistura de OF melhorou o desempenho dos leitões desmamados; no entanto, afetou negativamente a taxa de conversão alimentar no período total. Além disso, a mistura de OF promoveu alterações nas concentrações proteínas totais e melhorias na capacidade digestiva e absortiva avaliadas através da relação AV:PC, com uma redução significativa nos órgãos.

Caracterização pelvimétrica de matrizes caprinas anglonubianas / Pelvimetric characterization of anglo nubian goatdares / Caracterización pelvimétrica de cabras de raza anglonubia

Atualmente, poucos estudos se dedicam a pesquisas mais aprofundadas de aspectoselementares da pelvimetria, sendo estes, ainda mais escassos com a espécie caprina enestesentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar as medidas externas corpóreasdematrizes caprinas e de sua pelve. Foram utilizadas 30 matrizes caprinas da raça Anglonubianaem idade reprodutiva, manejadas em sistema intensivo, pertencentes ao setor decaprinocultura da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Professora CinobelinaElvas (CPCE), Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brasil. Durante todo o ciclo produtivo, foramrealizadasmensurações pélvicas das matrizes durante a gestação e no pós-parto, suas medidas corporaise peso vivo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo Statistical Analysis Softwareabrangendo análise discriminante, correlação, regressão e comparação de médias. Osresultados obtidos para as características de AC (altura de cernelha), CC(comprimentocorporal), PT (perímetro torácico), BII (biilíaca externa), BISQ (biisquiática externa) e ILIOQ(ilioisquiática externa) apresentaram um baixo coeficiente de variação (C.V), o que demonstrauma estabilidade do rebanho com relação a essas características, ocorrendo poucas variaçõesentre os animais. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas para as medidas de Biilíacaea Ilioisquiática externas com relação ao estágio fisiológico. Já com relação a Biisquiática, foi observado um aumento durante a gestação. De acordo com os dados observados, nãoocorreram diferenças significativas entre as características avaliadas entre cabras primíparasemultíparas. A incorporação de bancos de dados com as medidas corporais e pélvicas de cabrasauxiliam no desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento genético de diferentes raçascaprinas, reduzindo a ocorrência de eventos de distocia e /ou dificuldade ao parto de modogeral. As amostragens foram incorporadas em um banco de dados, que está sendo construídopara controle e análise genética dos animais do Colégio Técnico de BomJesus, Piauí. Asinformações de produção e reprodução do rebanho também estarão disponíveis nesse bancode dados.(AU)

Currently, few studies are dedicated to more in-depth research of elementary aspectsofpelvimetry, which are even scarcer with the goat species and in this sense, the present studyaims to characterize the external body measurements of goat matrices and their pelvis. ThirtyAnglonubian goats at reproductive age, managed in an intensive system, belonging tothegoat sector of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas (CPCE), Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil, were used. During the entire production cycle, pelvicmeasurements of the goats were performed during pregnancy and postpartum, their bodymeasurements and live weight. Statistical analyzes were performed by the Statistical AnalysisSoftware covering discriminant analysis, correlation, regression and comparison of means. The results obtained for the characteristics of AC (height at the withers), CC(bodylength), PT (chest circumference), BII (external biiliac), BISQ (external bischial) and ILIOQ(external ilioschiatic) showed a low coefficient of variation (C.V), which demonstrates a stabilityof theherd in relation to these characteristics, with little variation between animals. No significant differences were found for the external Biiliac and Ilioischiatic measurements in relationtothe physiological stage. Biischiatica, on the other hand, was observed to increase duringpregnancy. According to the observed data, there were no significant differences betweenthecharacteristics evaluated between primiparous and multiparous goats. The incorporationofdatabases with body and pelvic measurements of goats helps in the development of geneticimprovement programs for different goat breeds, reducing the occurrence of dystocia eventsand/or delivery difficulties in general. The samples were incorporated into a database, whichis being built for control and genetic analysis of the animals of the Colégio TécnicodeBomJesus, Piauí. Herd production and reproduction information will also be available inthisdatabase.(AU)

Actualmente, pocos estudios se dedican a la investigación más profunda de los aspectoselementales de la pelvimetría, que son aún más escasos con la especie caprina y, enestesentido, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar las medidas corporales externasde las matrices caprinas y su pelvis. Se utilizaron 30 cabras anglonubias en edad reproductiva, manejadas en sistema intensivo, pertenecientes al sector caprino de la Universidad Federal dePiauí (UFPI), Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas (CPCE), Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brasil. Durante todo el ciclo de producción se realizaron mediciones pélvicas de las cabras durantelagestación y posparto, sus medidas corporales y peso vivo. Las análisis estadísticasserealizaron mediante el software de análisis estadístico que abarca el análisis discriminante, lacorrelación, la regresión y la comparación de medias. Los resultados obtenidos paralascaracterísticas AC (altura a la cruz), CC (longitud corporal), PT (circunferencia torácica), BII(bilia externa), BISQ (bisquial externa) e ILIOQ (iliosquiática externa) mostraronunbajocoeficiente de variación (C.V), lo que demuestra una estabilidad del rebaño en relaciónaestascaracterísticas, con pocas variaciones entre animales. No hubo diferencias significativas paralas medidas externas Bilíaca e Ilioisquiática en relación al estadio fisiológico. Biischiatica, por otro lado, se observó que aumenta durante el embarazo. De acuerdo con los datosobservados, no hubo diferencias significativas entre las características evaluadas entre cabrasprimíparas y multíparas. La incorporación de bases de datos con medidas corporalesypélvicas de caprinos ayuda en el desarrollo de programas de mejoramiento genéticoparadiferentes razas caprinas, reduciendo la ocurrencia de eventos de distocia y/o dificultadesdeparto en general. Las muestras fueron incorporadas a una base de datos, que está siendoconstruida para el control y análisis genético de los animales del Colégio Técnico deBomJesus, Piauí. La información sobre producción y reproducción del rebaño tambiénestarádisponible en esta base de datos.(AU)

Body and testicular biometry of Crioulo stallions / Biometria corporal e testicular de garanhões da raça Crioula

Brazilian Association of Crioulo Horse Breeders (ABCCC) establishes minimal and maximal body biometrics evaluation; although, nothing is mentioned about testicular measurements. Body and testicular growth are associated and related to age. We described data regarding body and testicular biometry of Crioulo stallions, with a comparative study between young and adult categories. Evaluation was performed in 56 stallions, Crioulo breed, split in: youngsters (3 and 4 years-old, n=16) and adults (above 5 years-old, n=40). Body biometry included weight, height, cannon bone and chest circumference, body score condition and neck fat accumulation. Testicular biometry included height, length, width, volume, combined volume and daily sperm output (DSO). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, comparison between means by Kruskal Wallis, being P < 0.05 considered significant. There was no significant difference between the parameters of body and testicular biometrics between categories young and adult. In relation to height, the average was very close to the lower limit established, while chest and cannon bone circumference were above the minimum recommended by ABCCC. Cannon bone circumference presented a positive correlation with height. Most of stallions presented excessive body fat, with a body score condition above 8 (scale 1-9). Neck fat accumulation presented a positive correlation with body score condition. Testicular height, length, width and volume presented a positive correlation between the ipsi and contralateral testicle, total testicular volume and DSO. In conclusion, no difference in the body and testicular biometric evaluation was observed between young and adult Crioulo stallions. Testicular and body growth are associated and also related to age, so our finding suggested that after 3-4 years-old most of Crioulo stallions have already reached maximum growth.

A Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos Crioulos (ABCCC) define parâmetros mínimos e máximos para algumas aferições biométricas no corpo do animal, embora nada seja mencionado sobre medidas testiculares. O crescimento corporal e testicular estão associados e relacionados a idade do animal. Objetivamos descrever parâmetros relacionados a biometria corporal e testicular de garanhões Crioulos, comparando o grupo de jovens e adultos. Foi realizada avaliação em 56 garanhões Crioulos, divididos em: jovens (três e quatro anos, n=16) e adultos (acima de cinco anos, n=40). A biometria corporal incluiu peso, altura, circunferência de canela, perímetro torácico, escore corporal e acúmulo de gordura no pescoço. A biometria testicular incluiu altura, comprimento, largura, volume de cada testículo, volume combinado dos testículos e estimativa de produção diária de espermatozoides (DSO). Com os dados, foi realizada estatística descritiva, correlação de Pearson, comparação entre médias com Kruskal Wallis, sendo considerado significativo quando P < 0,05. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre as avaliações biométricas e testiculares de garanhões das categorias jovens e adultos. Em relação à altura, a média foi muito próxima ao limite inferior estabelecido, enquanto a circunferência torácica e de canela estavam acima do limite mínimo recomendado pela ABCCC. A circunferência de canela apresentou correlação positiva com altura. A maioria dos garanhões apresentou alta deposição de gordura, com condição corporal acima de 8 (escala 1-9). O acúmulo de gordura no pescoço apresentou correlação positiva com escore corporal. A altura, largura, comprimento e volume testicular apresentaram correlação positiva com testículo ipsi e contralateral, volume testicular total e DSO. Em conclusão, não houve diferença entre dados de biometria corporal e testicular de garanhões Crioulos adultos e jovens. O crescimento corporal e testicular estão associados e relacionados a idade, sendo assim, nossos resultados sugerem que após 3-4 anos de idade, a maioria dos garanhões Crioulos já atingiu seu pico de desenvolvimento.

Foramen magnum in dogs of small and toy breeds - morphometric study

Introduction: The foramen magnum is located in the occipital bone and communicates the cranial cavity with the spinal canal of the vertebral column. Variations in the shape and size of this foramen, such as the presence of a notch in its dorsal contour, characterize occipital dysplasia and may occur due to a defect in the supraoccipital bone ossification process during the gestational period. Occipital dysplasia has been reported primarily in small, toy, and brachycephalic breeds, and its clinical relevance remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the size of the foramen magnum in asymptomatic dogs of small and toy breeds. Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Center for Rural Health and Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos Campus, located in Paraíba state, Brazil. Twelve (n = 12) asymptomatic, small and toy breed dogs, with variable sex and over 10 months of age, were referred to the Veterinary Hospital for elective surgical procedures and were used in this study. All dogs underwent complete neurological examination to confirm the asymptomatic status and were radiographed in rostrocaudal position, with their mouths closed and the hard palate at an angle of approximately 70º to 80º with the table of the X-ray apparatus. The foramen magnum of each specimen was evaluated in the radiographs using a precision caliper. The analyzed parameters included height (H), the height of the dorsal notch (N), total height (H+N), and width (W), and the obtained data were used to establish the degree of occipital dysplasia and determine the shape of the foramen magnum. Of the 12 animals studied, 75% (n = 9) exhibited a dorsal notch in the foramen magnum, which varied between 3.00 and 10.00 millimeters (mm) in height, characterizing occipital dysplasia. Among the affected animals, 77.77% (n = 7) were classified as grade 1 for the alteration, 11.11% (n = 1) as grade 2 and one animal (11.11%) as grade 3. The prevalent shape observed for the foramen magnum was oval (83.3%). Discussion: Although occipital dysplasia has been associated with the occurrence of nonspecific neurological clinical signs, such as tremors, ataxia, and epileptic seizures, the presence of this alteration in asymptomatic dogs indicates that the formation alone is just an anatomical variation, as demonstrated herein and in previous studies conducted over the past few years. This hypothesis has been increasingly supported by scientific evidence through publications that portray occipital dysplasia in dogs of various breeds and sizes without clinical manifestations. The clinical signs attributed to occipital dysplasia may originate in situations where there is a coexistence of other conditions. Occipital dysplasia has been reported several times in conjunction with other pathologies, such as occipital hypoplasia and syringomyelia, in symptomatic dogs. The dorsal notch-shaped occipital defect is covered by a fibrous tissue membrane in dogs affected by occipital dysplasia. The presence of this soft tissue membrane has been related to the late onset of syringomyelia due to the decompressive effect that it provides to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. When occipital dysplasia is identified in symptomatic dogs, it is suggested that the lesion be correctly located within the nervous system and that, according to its neurolocalization, a thorough investigation of other underlying causes for the occurrence of the neurological clinical manifestation be carried out. To date, there is no evidence characterizing occipital dysplasia as a single entity causing neurological deficits.

Morphological characterization of remaining specimens of the Curraleiro horse in Central Brazil / Caracterização morfológica de espécimes remanescentes do cavalo Curraleiro no Brasil Central

This study aimed to carry out the morphological characterization of the remaining specimens of the Curraleiro horse in municipalities of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Forty male horses were evaluated using the age of five years as a criterion. Sixteen linear measurements and 13 zootechnical indices were obtained. Subsequently, the mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and covariances of these measures and indices were obtained using the software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. The measures withers height (WH), croup height (CH), midback height (MH), sternum-to-ground height (SH), chest index (CI), and estimated weight (W) allowed characterizing Curraleiro horses as small-sized, light, and fast, with proportional measures. The dactyl-thoracic index (DTI), body index (BI), conformation index (CFI), load index 1 and 2 (LOI1 and LOI2), and compactness index 1 and 2 (COI1 and COI2) showed that the Curraleiro horse has an intermediate capacity for speed and strength, bearing considerable weight on the back, with saddling aptitude and fast work. These results represent the beginning of the formation of a database that may contribute to future studies and the conservation of the Curraleiro horse in the state of Goiás.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a realização da caracterização morfológica de espécimes remanescentes do cavalo Curraleiro em municípios do estado de Goiás, Brasil. Foram avaliados 40 cavalos machos, tendo como critério a idade a partir de cinco anos, dos quais se obteve 16 medidas lineares e 13 índices zootécnicos. Posteriormente, a média, o desvio padrão, o mínimo, o máximo e as covariâncias dessas medidas e índices foram obtidos por meio da utilização do software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. As medidas altura da cernelha (AC), altura da garupa (AG), altura do costado (ACost), vazio subesternal (VAZ), índice peitoral (IP) e peso estimado (P) permitiram caracterizar os cavalos Curraleiros como um grupo de pequeno porte, leve, veloz e com medidas proporcionais. Os índices dáctilo-torácico (IDT), corporal (IC), de conformação (ICF), de carga 1 e 2 (ICG1 e ICG2) e de compacidade 1 e 2 (ICO1 e ICO2) demonstraram que o cavalo Curraleiro tem capacidade intermediária para velocidade e força, suportam considerável peso sobre o dorso, e possuem aptidão para sela e tração ligeira. Tais resultados representam o início da formação de uma base de dados que pode contribuir para estudos futuros e a conservação do cavalo Curraleiro no estado de Goiás.(AU)

Effect of mineral-energy supplementation on the performance of young bulls from different genetic groups on pasture / Efeito da suplementação energética-mineral no desempenho de tourinhos de diferentes grupos genéticos recriados a pasto

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of young bulls from three genetic groups, ½ Brangus x ½ Nellore (BRN), Nellore (NEL) and ½ Canchim x ½ Nellore (CAN), reared on pasture and supplemented with mineral (MS) or energy-mineral (MES) supplement. Eighty-one bulls, with a mean age of 12 months and mean body weight of 252 ± 33 kg were used. The experiment was conducted in a 3x2 factorial completely randomized design. Each genetic group was subdivided into six experimental plots, three received MS and three received MES. Animals were managed in a rotational stocking system in a Tifton 85 grass pasture. The consumption of MS was similar between the genetic groups with an average of 0.073 kg animal-1 day-1, whereas the consumption of MES was higher for BRN, 2.10 kg animal-1 day-1, followed by CAN, with 1.57 kg animal-1 day-1, and lower for NEL, with 1.28 kg animal-1 day-1. The average daily weight gain (ADG) was greater for animals that received MES compared to those that were given MS. For animals that received MS, the BRN group had ADG of 0.64 kg animal-1, while the NEL and CAN groups were similar with a mean of 0.46 kg animal-1. For animals that received MES, the CAN group had higher ADG, 0.97 kg animal-1, while the NEL and BRN groups were similar, with an average of 0.86 kg animal-1. Blood levels of total protein, albumin, creatinine, glucose and cholesterol did not change depending on the types of supplements used or between genetic groups. Higher serum urea levels were observed in NEL and CAN animals that received MS. Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher in BRN and CAN animals that received MES. Gains in rump height, height at the withers, body length, rump width and chest perimeter were greater in animals that received MES. Mostly, the gains in morphometric measurements were greater for crossbred animals than for the NEL group. The supply of mineral-energy supplement in Tifton 85 grass pasture during the rainy season is recommended only for Nellore and ½ Canchim x ½ Nellore young bulls. Crossbred young bulls show greater gains in morphometric measurements than Nellore young bulls during rearing.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho de tourinhos de três grupos genéticos, ½ Brangus x ½ Nelore (BRN), Nelore (NEL) e ½ Canchim x ½ Nelore (CAN), recriados à pasto e suplementados com mineral (SM) ou energético-mineral (SEM). Foram utilizados 81 tourinhos, com idade média de 12 meses e peso corporal médio de 252 ± 33 kg. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x2. Cada grupo genético foi subdividido em seis parcelas experimentais, em que três delas receberam SM e três receberam SEM. Os animais foram manejados em sistema de lotação rotacionada em pasto de capim Tifton 85. O consumo de SM foi semelhante entre os grupos genéticos com média de 0,073 kg animal-1 dia-1, já o consumo de SEM foi maior para o BRN com 2,10 kg animal-1 dia-1, seguido pelo CAN com 1,57 kg animal-1 dia-1 e menor para o NEL com 1,28 kg animal-1 dia-1. O ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) foi maior para os animais que receberam SEM em relação aos que receberam SM. Para os animais que receberam SM, o grupo BRN apresentou GMD de 0,64 kg animal-1, enquanto os grupos NEL e CAN foram semelhantes com média de 0,46 kg animal-1. Para os animais que receberam SEM o grupo CAN apresentou maior GMD com 0,97 kg animal-1, enquanto os grupos NEL e BRN foram semelhantes com média de 0,86 kg animal-1. Os níveis sanguíneos de proteína total, albumina, creatinina, glicose e colesterol não foram alterados em função dos tipos de suplementos utilizados ou entre os grupos genéticos. Maiores níveis séricos de ureia foram observados nos animais NEL e CAN que receberam SM. Os níveis séricos de aspartato aminotransferase foram maiores em animais BRN e CAN que receberam SEM. Os ganhos de altura de garupa, altura de cernelha, comprimento, largura de garupa, perímetro torácico e largura de peito foram maiores em animais que receberam SEM. Em sua maioria, os ganhos de medidas morfométricas foram maiores para os animais mestiços do que para o NEL. O fornecimento de suplemento energético-mineral em pasto de capim Tifton 85 durante o período das águas é recomendado apenas para tourinhos Nelore e ½ Canchim x ½ Nelore. Tourinhos mestiços apresentam maiores ganhos em medidas morfométricas que tourinhos Nelore durante a recria.(AU)

The Effect of Supplementing Tea Polyphenols on Yolk Cholesterol and Production Performance of Laying Hens During the Egg-laying Period

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing 300 mg/kg tea polyphenols (TP) on yolk cholesterol content and production performance of laying hens during the egg-laying period. A total of 600 Roman laying hens aged 24 weeks were randomly divided into two dietary treatment groups. The feeding experiment lasted for 48 weeks. Layers fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group) and 300mg/kg TP (TP group) diet, respectively. The yolk cholesterol content, laying performance, and egg quality were determined at 28, 38, 48, 58, and 68 weeks of age. The yolk cholesterol content in the TP group was significantly decreased at 28-68 weeks of age (p<0.01), compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in laying rate in the TP group at 38 weeks of age (p<0.05), compared to the control group, while no significant differences during the other laying periods were obtained (p>0.05). The FCR significantly decreased in the TP group at 38 weeks of age whereas AEW significantly increased in the TP group at 58 weeks of age (p<0.05). Similarly, the eggshell thickness and eggshell strength in the TP group significantly increased (p<0.05), compared with the control group at 38 weeks of age. The albumen height and Haugh unit significantly increased at 28 weeks of age (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results showed that the diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg TP had positive effects on production performance of layers during the egg-laying period, and could lessen yolk cholesterol content significantly at 28-68 weeks of age.(AU)

Testicular morphometry as a tool to evaluate the efficiency of immunocastration in lambs

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of immunocastration in lambs using testicular morphometry. Thirty lambs were randomly divided into two treatments (subcutaneous administration of 1.0 mL and 0.5 mL of an anti-GnRH vaccine) and a control group (1.0 mL saline solution). The animals were vaccinated at four months of age, received a second dose 30 days later, and were slaughtered 90 days after the first vaccine dose. After slaughter, testicles were collected, and samples were removed for histological processing and evaluation of testicular morphometric parameters. Analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed, with a 5% level of significance. There was a reduction in testicular weight, gonadosomatic index, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, leydigosomatic index, and total tubule length. The total length per testicular gram increased in the immunocastrated group. Intrinsic spermatogenesis yield, Sertoli cell indices, and estimates of sperm and Sertoli cell production were reduced in the immunized groups (P < 0.05). The anti-GnRH vaccine in lambs at doses of 1.0 mL and 0.5 mL is sufficient to promote immunocastration, verified through severe changes in testicular morphometry from animals.(AU)

Body mass index at calving on performance and efficiency of Zebu cow herds / Índice de massa corporal ao parto no desempenho e eficiência de rebanhos de vacas Zebuínas

This study examines the impact of the body mass index (BMI) at calving on the development and postpartum efficiency of cows of Zebu origin. The study involved 87 cows and their calves [pure Nellore (N) or predominant Nellore composition in a cross with Charolais (C) (3/4N1/4C and 5/8N3/8C)]. The mothers were grouped into classes according to their BMI at calving, namely, 'small', 'moderate' and 'large'. Body mass index was determined by dividing the body weight of the cows by their length and by hip height and then dividing the result by 10. Cows were weighed at calving, at weaning, at the end of the breeding period and at the diagnosis of pregnancy. Calves were weighed at birth, at early weaning (63 days) and at 210 of age. To evaluate milk yield and quality, milk was collected at 21, 42 and 63 days after calving. Milk yield was measured by the direct method, with manual milking, followed by analysis of the lactose, fat, total solids and crude protein contents. Pregnancy rate was similar between the three BMI groups; however, cows with a lower BMI were more efficient at calving in producing kilograms of calf per kilogram of cow kept. Higher BMI provide higher milk yields, without affecting its quality, as well as heavier calves at early weaning and at 210 days of age.(AU)

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o impacto do índice de massa corporal (IMC) ao parto no desenvolvimento e eficiência pós-parto de vacas de origem zebuína. Utilizou-se 87 vacas e seus bezerros [Nelore (N) puros ou com predominância em cruzamento com Charolês (C) (3/4N1/4C e 5/8N3/8C)], agrupadas em classes segundo o seu IMC ao parto, em 'pequenas', 'moderadas' e 'grandes'. O índice de massa corporal foi determinado através da divisão do peso corporal das vacas pelo seu comprimento e pela altura de quadril e posteriormente o resultado dividido por 10. As vacas foram pesadas no parto; ao desmame; final da monta e no diagnóstico de gestação. Os bezerros foram pesados ao nascimento, na desmama precoce (63 dias) e aos 210 dias de idade. Para a avaliação da produção e qualidade do leite das vacas foram realizadas três coletas aos 21, 42 e 63 dias após o parto. A medida da produção de leite foi realizada pelo método direto, com ordenha manual, seguida de análise do teor de lactose, gordura, extrato seco total e proteína bruta. A taxa de prenhez foi similar para os três índices de massa corporal, no entanto vacas de menor IMC foram mais eficientes ao parto na produção de quilogramas de bezerros por quilograma de vaca mantida. O IMC alto propicia maior produção de leite sem que a qualidade seja alterada e bezerros mais pesados no desmame precoce e no peso aos 210 dias.(AU)

Morphometric measurements of calves of beef cattle from different genetic groups up to one year of age

Heterosis plays an important role on yield and profitability of beef production systems. This study evaluates the morphometrics of purebred Nellore (N) and Charolais (C) animals and of the second (G2) and third (G3) generations of their alternating crosses, regarding the effects of genetic group and heterosis from birth to 365 days of age. The experiment comprised 159 calves (C = 29, N = 22, G2 - 3/4C 1/4N = 21, 3/4N 1/4C = 9, G3-5/8C 3/8N = 44 and 5/8N 3/8C = 34). The foreshank girth (FG), thoracic girth (TG), body length (BL), and hip height (HH) were measured after birth, and at 63, 210, and 365 days of age, and the total increases were calculated. The Charolais animals had greater FG, TG, and BL values than Nellore, while the latter had greater HH. For the offspring generations, the predominance of Charolais genes in the genotypes resulted in greater measurements for FG and TG in G2, whereas the predominance of Nellore genes resulted in higher HH values in both generations. The crossbred animals had greater values for all measurements than the purebreds, with more significant differences in FG, TG, and BL compared to Nellore purebreds and in HH compared to Charolais. Charolais animals show higher values for muscularity; while, Nellore animals are taller. Crossbred animals show greater development compared to purebreds, indicating a significant effect of heterosis.

Evaluation of Mangalarga Marchador foal development in the first year of life / Avaliação do desenvolvimento de potros da raça Mangalarga Marchador em seu primeiro ano de vida

The purpose of this study was to examine the development pattern of Mangalarga-Marchador foals by determination of muscle development and deposition of adipose tissue associated with the evaluation of blood-based biomarkers. Thus, 72 Mangalarga Marchador foals (ages ranged from 1-12 mo) were randomly selected and divided into 12 age groups (n=6 per group), evaluated monthly. The thickness of the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and rump fat (RF) were determined through an ultrasound performed on each foal's left side. Such parameters were used to calculate the percentage of body fat (BF), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM). Morphometric measurements were taken on the foal's right side using a tape measure and a hypsometer. Blood samples were collected for determinations of total proteins, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and glucose. Morphometric measurements, the thickness of the LD and RF, weight, BF, FM, and FFM showed differences between age groups (P<0.001). Muscle development and fat deposition in subcutaneous tissue were greater between six and 12 months and average weight gain and FFM were proportionally greater between one and six months. We concluded that morphometric measurements increase steadily and linearly during the first 12 months of life, indicating that it is feasible to use the linear regression formula. Moreover, significant differences between age and biochemical biomarkers may be attributed to nutritional and digestive physiology adaptations during these periods.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi examinar o padrão de desenvolvimento de potros Mangalarga Marchador através da determinação do desenvolvimento muscular e da deposição de tecido adiposo associado com avaliação de biomarcadores sanguíneos. Assim, 72 potros Mangalarga Marchador (idades entre 1 e 12 meses) foram selecionados ao acaso e divididos em 12 grupos etários (n=6/grupo), avaliados mensalmente. A espessura do Longissimus dorsi (LD) e da cobertura de gordura da garupa (RF) foi determinada através de ultrassonografia realizada do lado esquerdo de cada animal, tais parâmetros foram usados para calcular percentagem de gordura corporal (BF), massa de gordura (FM) e massa livre de gordura (FFM). Mensurações morfométricas foram obtidas do lado direito de cada potro, usando fita métrica e hipômetro. Amostras sanguíneas foram obtidas para determinações de proteínas totais, albumina, triglicérides, colesterol, uréia, creatinina e glicose. Medidas morfométricas, espessura de LD e RF, peso corporal, BF, FM e FFM mostraram diferenças entre os grupos etários (P<0,001). O desenvolvimento muscular e a deposição de gordura no tecido subcutâneo foram maiores entre 6 e 12 meses e a média de ganho de peso e de FFM foi proporcionalmente maior entre entre 1 e 6 meses . Foi possível concluir que as medidas morfométricas aumentam de forma constante e linear nos primeiros 12 meses de vida, indicando que é factível usar fórmulas de regressão linear. Ainda, diferenças significativas entre idade e biomarcadores bioquímicos podem ser atribuídos às adaptações nutricionais e digestivas durante esses períodos.(AU)

Ocular echobiometry and relationship with cranial and body morphometric parameters in Shih Tzu dogs / [Ecobiometria ocular e relação com a morfometria craniana e corporal em cães Shih Tzu]

The purpose of this paper is to determine the ocular echobiometry and investigate its correlation with cranial and body morphometric parameters in 50 adult Shih Tzu dogs. The echobiometric measurements of the anterior chamber (AC), vitreous chamber (VC), lens axial thickness (LTA), transverse lens thickness (LTT), and axial length of the eyeball (ALE) were obtained by two-dimensional ultrasonography. Morphometric measurements of bizygomatic distance (BDIST), frontal-occipital distance (FOD), withers height (WH), thoracic circumference (TC), and body length (BL) were also obtained. The mean of the AC depth was 2.83±0.50mm, the VC was 9.18±0.54mm, the LTA was 6.42±0.32mm and the LTT was 9.17±1.18mm, while the mean of the ALE was 18.82±0.66mm. There was no correlation between ocular echobiometric variables and cranial and body morphometric variables in adult dogs of the Shih Tzu breed, as well as no significant difference of these variables when considering gender and age of the dogs (p ≥ 0.05).

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, a determinação da ecobiometria ocular e a investigação de sua correlação com parâmetros morfométricos cranianos e corporais em 50 cães Shih Tzu adultos. As medidas ecobiométricas da câmara anterior (CA), da câmara vítrea (CV), da espessura axial (ELA), da transversal da lente (ETL) e do comprimento axial do globo ocular (CGO) foram obtidas por meio da ultrassonografia em modo bidimensional. As medidas morfométricas do distanciamento bizigomático (DBZ), do distanciamento fronto-occipital (DFO), da altura de cernelha (AC), da circunferência torácica (CT) e do comprimento corporal (CP) também foram obtidas. A média da profundidade de CA foi de 2,83±0,50mm, da CV foi de 9,18±0,54mm, da ELA foi de 6,42±0,32mm e da ETL foi de 9,17±1,18mm, enquanto a média do CGO foi de 18,82±0,66mm. Não foi verificada correlação entre as variáveis ecobiométricas oculares e as morfométricas cranianas e corporais em cães adultos da raça Shih Tzu, assim como não houve diferença significativa dessas variáveis quando considerado o gênero e a idade dos cães (P≥0,05).