Genetic identification, clinical and epidemiological aspects of an equine infectious anemia outbreak in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil / Identificação genética, aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de um foco de anemia infecciosa equina no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The study describes the genetic identification, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of equine infectious anemia occurring in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three animals kept in the periurban region of Uruguaiana city tested positive for the AGID test. The serology was performed as a requirement for transit. None of the animals showed clinical signs of infection, one animal was necropsied, and the others were stolen. In the post-mortem examination, no macroscopic changes were observed, and microscopically, discrete hemosiderosis was detected in fragments of the liver and spleen. Amplifying and sequencing a proviral DNA fragment in blood, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node samples confirmed EIAV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the first sequenced EIAV sample from the Rio Grande do Sul State indicates a high similarity with other Brazilian samples. Results confirmed the viral presence in the state's herds and described epidemiological and virological characteristics of EIA that contribute to the maintenance and dissemination of the virus in herds.

O estudo descreve a identificação genética, as características clínicas e epidemiológicas de um foco de Anemia Infecciosa Equina que ocorreu no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Três equinos criados na região periurbana da cidade de Uruguaiana testaram positivos pela prova sorológica de IDGA. O exame foi realizado como requerimento para trânsito dos animais. Nenhum animal apresentava sinais clínicos da infecção, um cavalo foi necropsiado e os outros dois foram roubados. Na necropsia não obsevou-se nenhuma alteração e microscopicamente foi constatada hemosiderose discreta em fragmento do fígado e baço. A infecção foi confirmada pela amplificação e sequenciamento de um segmento do genoma pró-viral do EIAV de amostras do sangue, baço e linfonodo mesentérico. A análise filogenética do primeiro EIAV sequenciado no Estado do RS indica similaridade com outras amostras que circulam no Brasil. O resultado confirma a presença do vírus no rebanho equino da região e descreve características clínicas e epidemiológicas que contribuem para a manutenção e disseminação do vírus no rebanho.

Trypanosoma evansi in horses from Colombia - associated infection factors

Background: Trypanosoma evansi is the most common protozoan in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, due to its ability to maintain and be transmitted by vectors such as Stomoxys spp. and Tabanus spp. This protozoan causes high morbidity and mortality rates in horses in African, American and Asian countries. In the years 2021 and 2022, a high mortality rate was reported among horses with symptoms associated with Trypanosoma spp. in the municipality of Arauca, department of Arauca, Colombia. The investigation described here was therefore carried out, seeking to identify the pathogens and risk factors that led to the death of the horses in this region of Colombia. Cases: Blood samples were collected from Colombian criollo horses and dogs, as were samples of ticks, flies and horseflies that infested the horses. A variety of tissue samples were removed from the horses a few min after their death for histopathological analysis. Two questionnaires were applied to obtain information about the horses and the environment in which they live. The results of the clinical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, jaundice, high fever, dehydration and lethargy. The horses were also infested with Amblyomma mixtum (17.6%) and Dermacentor nitens (82.4%) ticks, and with Tabanus pungens (74%), Tabanus spp. (26%), and Stomoxys calcitrans flies (100%), while the dogs were infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (77.7%) and Amblyomma mixtum (22.2%) ticks. The blood smear test results revealed the presence of Trypanosoma spp. in 66.6% (n = 4) of the horse blood samples, and in 50% (n = 1) of the dog blood samples. PCR performed to identify the Trypanosoma species confirmed the presence of T. evansi. Histological examination of the spleen revealed the involvement and dissemination of T. evansi in the tissues. The horses also showed the presence of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV). Discussion: This is the first updated specific report of T. evansi in criollo horses in the savannah flood zone of the municipality of Arauca, Colombia. The main risk associated with T. evansi infection in horses was found to be infestation with the natural vector T. pungens and the mechanical vector S. calcitrans, which are efficient ectoparasites for the transmission of this parasite. The presence of T. evansi in dogs represents a constant risk to horses, because dogs may serve as a reservoir for the maintenance of the hemoparasite in the population under study. Another risk factor for horses could be the presence of vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus), a species of bat that has been described as a vector and reservoir of T. evansi in Colombia. The presence of EIAV antibodies in the horses under study can be attributed to the exposure of sick horses to vectors of this virus, such as Tabanus spp., S. calcitrans and inanimate needle-shaped fomites. This is the first study that identifies the coinfection of T. evansi and EIAV in horses in the floodplain region of Colombia. In view of the importance of these 2 pathologies to the health of horses, a greater number of tests and a larger animal population will be required to determine if this coinfection is the cause of the death of criollo horses in this region of Colombia. Lastly, the owners reported that pharmacological control with trypanocides has not been successful in most of the outbreaks that occurred during the years 2021 and 2022. This may suggest that Trypanosoma evansi is developing resistance to these drugs; therefore, specific studies will be required in the future to test this hypothesis.

Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs

Background: Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is a critical cause of neurological disorders in dogs, mainly affecting small young individuals. Its symptomatology is varied and depends on the affected neuroanatomic region. The ante mortem diagnosis of this condition is uncertain, being achieved by discarding other conditions and often occurring definitively only by performing a necropsy. Thus, this study aims to report 2 cases of meningoencephalitis, one necrotizing and the other granulomatous in dogs. Cases: Case 1. A 3-year-old, Shih Tzu bitch with a body weight of 4 kg, showing proprioceptive ataxia, behavior of walking in circles, and evolving rapidly to non-ambulatory paresis, was treated. The neurological examination showed a posture of decerebrate stiffness and absence of withdrawal reflex and proprioception, suggesting brainstem injury. Laboratory tests showed mild neutrophilia and lymphopenia, while the rapid test for distemper was non-reactive. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, and the PCR tests of the CSF, blood, and urine for the detection of infectious diseases were negative, as well as the culture. With no improvement in clinical condition and exams showing a progressive degenerative condition unresponsive to available treatments, the tutor opted for euthanasia of the patient. The subsequently requested necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalitis. Case 2. This case refers to a 1-year-and-5-month-old male Maltese breed weighing 4.8 kg. This animal presented walking in circles behavior and loss of vision for a week, with signs worsening rapidly. In the neurological evaluation, the patient presented sensitivity in the middle ear, difficulty opening the mouth, hearing deficit in the right ear, blindness in the right eye, a proprioceptive deficit in the right anterior limb, and head pressing. Laboratory tests showed nonregenerative anemia and mild lymphopenia. After 1 day of hospitalization, the patient showed worsening clinical condition, with obstruction, absence of facial and auricular sensitivity, and nasal stimulus. In addition, onset of generalized seizures was observed; therefore, CSF was analyzed, which did not present significant alterations except for detecting reactive lymphocytes. The bacteriological culture of CSF resulted in no bacterial growth. In addition, the same neurological PCR panel performed for the previous patient was negative. After 5 days of intensive care, the patient presented a cardiorespiratory arrest and died. The subsequently requested necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of necrotizing meningoencephalitis. Discussion: The 2 reported cases confirm that MUO should be considered during the differential diagnoses of patients with neurological alterations. It is known that small-breed dogs are predisposed to these diseases. Laboratory tests and medical imaging are crucial for clinical guidance, helping to discard other neurological pathologies, especially those due to bacterial, fungal, and/or viral agents. However, definitive diagnosis of MUO can only be performed through necropsy and histopathological analysis. For the reported cases, CSF analysis, neurological PCR panel for detecting possible infectious agents, and bacterial culture were essential to rule out other possible causes of meningoencephalitis. Unfortunately, MUO includes progressive neurological disorders causing the patient's death.

Extensive emphysematous pyelonephritis in a nondiabetic female cat - treatment with unilateral nephroureterectomy

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute, severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues that results in gas formation in the kidney, collecting system, or surroundings. EPN is a rare condition in veterinary medicine and occurs most frequently in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Although the prognosis of medical management in animals is poor, the standardized treatment protocol according to EPN severity is unclear. This report describes the first case of a nondiabetic female cat with extensive EPN and good prognosis following direct nephroureterectomy (NU). Case: A 10-year-old spayed female cat presented with the chief complaint of an acute loss of weight within 1 week, vomiting, and disorientation including stumbling, discoordination, circling, wobbling, head tilting, and difficulties in standing. At presentation, the patient had a body condition score of 1/9 and weighed 2.6 kg. Blood examination revealed leukocytosis, anemia, and hypoproteinemia. Abdominal radiography revealed severely decreased serosal details. A massive gas silhouette observed in the peritoneal and retroperitoneal cavities, was diagnosed as abdominal free gas. Abdominal ultrasound showed an accumulation of moderately anechoic fluid mixed with gas and cyst-like capsules around the left kidney. Left partial ureteral obstruction and dilation were also observed. Computed tomography (CT) was performed without sedatives or anesthetic drugs. The findings showed severe inflammatory changes in the peritoneum and a loss of the normal inner structure in the left kidney. A pyelogram of the left kidney was not observed after injection of the contrast material. Diffuse fat stranding and free gas observed in the mesentery of the entire abdominal cavity and around the left kidney were considered septic peritonitis. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria and hematuria. Numerous neutrophils with rod-type bacteria were observed in the ascites. Following diagnostic examinations, the patient was diagnosed with extensive left EPN, including inflammatory ascites and abdominal free gas. Therefore, emergency NU of the nonfunctional left kidney and ruptured ureter and thorough abdominal lavage were conducted. Diffuse inflammation and a nephrolith were observed in the section of the harvested kidney. The nephrolith was composed of 100% calcium oxalate monohydrate. The realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was negative. Escherichia coli was detected in the ascites, and antibiotic therapy was administered following the antibiotic sensitivity test. The histological findings from the left kidney and ureter included marked chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The patient was discharged 4 days after surgery. During the 8-month follow-up period, the patient's condition improved. Discussion: This was a unique case of EPN in a nondiabetic cat and the first reported case of EPN with a ruptured ureter, including abdominal free gas, inflammatory ascites, and peritonitis. This patient had a bacterial urinary tract infection with E. coli, which is the most frequently isolated pathogen in humans. This gas-forming bacteria produced a massive amount of gas and inflammation that were considered to have ruptured the urinary tract, so that the gas was released into the abdomen. This case corresponded to class 3B, with two risk factors according to the human EPN classification system. Direct NU and abdominal lavage were performed as emergency surgeries. The patient stabilized gradually and showed a good prognosis. Immediate surgical intervention is recommended in animal patients showing the extensive EPN stage.

Aspectos da hemoplasmose em búfalos: revisão bibliográfica / Aspects of hemoplasmosis in buffaloes: literature review / Aspectos de la hemoplasmosis en búfalos: revisión de la literatura

Búfalos são animais rústicos que podem ser explorados para a produção de carne ou leite. Estes animais são susceptíveis a enfermidades que também acometem outras espécies de ruminantes, principalmente os bovinos. Entretanto, acredita-se que os bubalinos sejam mais resistentes a algumas doenças, mas ainda há poucos estudos epidemiológicos abrangendo doenças infecciosas como a hemoplasmose em búfalos. A hemoplasmose é causada por micoplasmas hemotrópicos ou hemoplasmas, que são bactérias gram-negativas causadoras de anemia hemolítica em hospedeiros imunocomprometidos. Mycoplasma wenyonii e 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' são as principais espécies de hemoplasmas que podem infectar búfalos. A transmissão da doença ocorre principalmente por meio de vetores artrópodes hematófagos ou por via iatrogênica. O diagnóstico de animais infectados é realizado por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Medidas de prevenção e controle são essenciais para o controle desta enfermidade nos rebanhos bubalinos.

Buffalo are rustic animals that can be exploited for meat or milk production. These animals are susceptible to diseases that also affect other species of ruminants, especially cattle. However, it is believed that buffalo are more resistant to some diseases, but there are still few epidemiological studies covering infectious diseases such as hemoplasmosis in buffaloes. Hemoplasmosis is caused by hemotropic mycoplasmas or hemoplasmas, which are gram-negative bacteria that cause hemolytic anemia in immunocompromised hosts. Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' are the main hemoplasma species that can infect buffaloes. Transmission of the disease occurs mainly via hematophagous arthropod vectors or iatrogenically. The diagnosis of infected animals is made by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Prevention and control measures are essential for the control of this disease in buffalo herds.

Los búfalos son animales rústicos que pueden ser explotados para la producción de carne o leche. Estos animales son susceptibles de contraer enfermedades que también afectan a otras especies de rumiantes, especialmente al ganado vacuno. Sin embargo, se cree que los búfalos son más resistentes a algunas enfermedades, pero todavía hay pocos estudios epidemiológicos sobre enfermedades infecciosas como la hemoplasmosis en búfalos. La hemoplasmosis está causada por micoplasmas hemotrópicos o hemoplasmas, que son bacterias gram negativas que causan anemia hemolítica en huéspedes inmunodeprimidos. Mycoplasma wenyonii y 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' son las principales especies de hemoplasma que pueden infectar a los búfalos. La transmisión de la enfermedad se produce principalmente a través de vectores artrópodos hematófagos o de forma iatrogénica. El diagnóstico de los animales infectados se realiza mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Las medidas de prevención y control son esenciales para controlar esta enfermedad en los rebaños de búfalos.

Rate of Transfer of Infectious Anaemia Maternal Antibodies from Broiler Breeders To the Progeny: a Field Evaluation

Clinical manifestation of the disease caused by the chicken anaemia virus (CAV) occurs when chicken chicks are vertically contaminated or before the second week of life. CAV control is based on the vaccination of broiler breeders in order to promote progeny protection through maternal antibodies. This work aims to evaluate, under field conditions, the antibody title in commercial broiler breeders at 28, 48, and 68 weeks of age, the rate of transference to the progeny, as well as the duration of antibodies in the progeny up to 21 days of age. Thus, a total of 92 sera samples from 93,000 broiler breeders vaccinated with a live vaccine for CAV at 14 weeks of age and 366 sera samples from their respective progeny were analyzed using ELISA. Breeders' antibody title for CAV ranged between 5051 and 8660, and these titles may provide sufficient protection for their progeny. On average, 63% of the maternal antibodies were transferred to the progeny and lasted up to the second week of chick's life. It is possible to conclude that the vaccine and the vaccination procedure used by this company for breeders against CAV seems to be effective in inducing high antibody levels in the breeders and transfering protective maternal antibodies to the progeny.(AU)

Padronização de um ELISA indireto a partir da utilização de uma proteína de superfície do vírus da anemia infecciosa equina como antígeno para o diagnóstico dessa enfermidade / Standardization of an indirect ELISA using a surface protein of the equine infectious anemia virus as an antigen for the diagnosis of this disease

A anemia infecciosa equina é uma importante enfermidade que acomete os equídeos em todo o mundo, se apresentando de forma aguda, crônica e assintomática causando grandes prejuízos para a economia tanto para criadores que vivem do trabalho desses animais quantos aos criadores que investem no melhoramento das raças, impedindo o acesso ao mercado tanto nacional quanto internacional. O Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento considera o IDGA como teste oficial para diagnóstico dessa enfermidade, porém essa técnica é demorada e muita vez acaba sendo subjetiva, dependendo da experiencia particular de cada Laboratorista. Além de não conseguir detectar animais no início da infecção. Logo, a necessidade de se buscar novas técnicas como o ELISA indireto que aperfeiçoem o tempo de análise dos resultados, facilita a automação e obtém resultados confiáveis. O estudo realizado teve como objetivo padronizar uma técnica de ELISA indireto utilizando uma proteína de envelope viral GP90 como antígeno para diagnóstico da anemia infecciosa equina. Avaliando o desempenho do teste a partir da sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos positivo e negativo. Os valores obtidos foram: 91,11%, 93,33%, 91,11% e 93,33% respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o teste apresenta bom desempenho, além da possibilidade de detectar amimais positivos no início da infecção.

Equine infectious anemia is an important disease that affects horses all over the world, presenting in an acute, chronic and asymptomatic way, causing great damage to the economy, both for breeders who live off the work of these animals and for breeders who invest in the improvement of breeds, preventing access to both national and international markets. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply considers AGID to be the official test for diagnosing this disease, but this technique takes time and often ends up being subjective, depending on the particular experience of each laboratory worker. In addition to not being able to detect animals at the beginning of the infection. Therefore, the need to seek new techniques such as indirect ELISA that improve the time of analysis of results, facilitate automation and obtain reliable results. The aim of this study was to standardize an indirect ELISA technique using a GP90 viral envelope protein as an antigen for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. Evaluating test performance based on sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values. The values obtained were 91.11%, 93.33%, 91.11 and 93.33 respectively. It was concluded that the test performs well, in addition to the possibility of detecting positive animals at the beginning of the infection.

Leishmaniose visceral canina: avaliação de hemograma e mielograma / Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: Evaluation of the complete blood count and myelogram

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma enfermidade crônica, multissistêmica e comum, que afeta os cães e pode apresentar alterações em diversos exames laboratoriais, inclusive no hemograma e mielograma. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e avaliar as alterações no hemograma e mielograma de seis cães positivos para leishmaniose atendidos no Hospital Universitário Ivan Macedo Tabosa da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Os diagnósticos foram confirmados através da observação das formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp em aspirados de medula óssea. No hemograma, a maior parte dos animais apresentou anemia, trombocitopenia e leucocitose com neutrofilia. Além disso, dois animais apresentaram leucopenia. No mielograma, a maioria dos animais apresentou hiperplasia granulocítica e megacariocítica, além de hipoplasia eritroide. Conclui-se que a realização de exames laboratoriais, como hemograma e mielograma, em animais suspeitos de LV é importante para o acompanhamento do quadro clínico do paciente e para a seleção de medidas terapêuticas a serem adotadas, o que pode refletir positivamente no prognóstico.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic, multisystemic, and common disease that affects dogs and that can present changes in several laboratory tests, including blood count and myelogram. Thus, this work aimed to describe and evaluate changes in the blood count and myelogram of six dogs positive for leishmaniasis treated at the Veterinary Hospital Ivan Macedo Tabosa of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The diagnoses were confirmed by observing the amastigote forms of Leishmania sp in bone marrow aspirates. In the blood count, most animals presented anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Besides, two animals had leukopenia. In the myelogram, most animals presented granulocytic and megakaryocytic hyperplasia, in addition to erythroid hypoplasia. It is concluded that the performance of laboratory tests, such as blood count and myelogram, in animals suspected of VL is important for monitoring the patient's clinical condition and for selecting the therapeutic measures to be used, which can reflect positively on the prognosis.

Polymyositis associated with brainstem signs in a dog

Background: Polymyositis is a generalized inflammatory myopathy which can lead to rhabdomyolysis. This affection may have several origins, including degenerative, metabolic, autoimmune, infectious, inflammatory, ischemic, traumatic, by drug use, induced by toxins and also of idiopathic origin. Diagnosis is made with seric dosage, electrodiagnostic tests and muscle biopsy. Lesions in the rostral oblong medulla may affect the central vestibular system, and there may be signs such as opisthotonos, nystagmus, and strabismus. The aim of this report is to describe a case of a mixed breed dog with manifestation of polymyositis associated with brainstem signs of probable idiopathic origin. Case: A 5-year-old mixed breed male dog was attended with opisthotonos episodes for 2 days, and pelvic limbs extension and thoracic limbs flexion that lasted 10 to 20 min at intervals of approximately 1 h. The animal was anorexic and had also presented one episode of emesis. Upon neurological examination, ventromedial strabismus and Horner's syndrome was observed on the right side, besides vertical nystagmus, flaccid tetraparesis and absence of proprioception in the four limbs. Biochemical analyses revealed creatine kinase (CK) increased (2,433.9 UI/L - reference: 1.5-28.4 UI/L), and urinalysis showed dark color and presence of occult blood without, however, erythrocyturia. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed QS wave and deviation of the electrical axis. Treatment with prednisolone (1 mg/kg, BID), phenobarbital (2 mg/kg, BID), maropitant citrate (1 mg/kg in 2 doses), and crystalloid fluid therapy (50 mL/kg/day) were prescribed. On the 4th day, the dog was more active and feeding without a tube, so it recommended keep the treatment at home. On the 10th day, the animal had proprioception present on the 4 limbs and normorexia. Biochemical analyses and urinalysis showed no alterations, but normochromic normochromic anemia with thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis by neutrophilia showed in blood count exam. PCR to Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon sp., and Babesia canis resulted negative. On the 15th day, blood count, biochemical analyses and urinalysis showed no alterations. Neurological examination revealed only positional vertical nystagmus. which remained as a sequel. Discussion: Polymyositis may be accompanied by rhabdomyolysis, characterized by acute muscle necrosis, increased CK and myoglobinuria. The animal had polymyositis of acute onset, with myoglobinuria and elevated CK values, whose presentation included myalgia and muscle weakness. In humans, polymyositis is accompanied by changes in electrocardiographic tracing without clinical alterations. In dogs, the first report that showed cardiac involvement was compatible with myocarditis. The changes in ECG in the present case was attributed to failure in myocardial electrical conduction. The patient also showed signs of brainstem and central vestibular system injuries. Stress myopathy, intoxication, snakebite, infectious, and metabolic diseases were discarded leading to a clinical suspicion as idiopathic origin. Similar to a published case, the patient of this report received symptomatic and supportive treatment, being discharged from the hospital 20 days after the onset of clinical signs. Thus, polymyositis may be accompanied by signs indicative of brainstem injury. Patients with rhabdomyolysis require intense monitoring due to the high risk of developing acute renal failure. Since no causative agent was identified, symptomatic treatment combined with the prevention of possible complications were fundamental for the maintenance of the animal's life.

Anemia hemolítica imunomediada associada à micoplasmose em um cão / Associated immunomediated hemolytic anemia mycoplasmosis in a dog

A anemia hemolítica imunomediada (AHIM) é uma reação de hipersensibilidade tipo II onde ocorre o aumento da destruição das hemácias. Ela pode ser dividida em primaria, caracterizada por não ter uma causa subjacente, e em secundária, pode ser causada por agentes infecciosos, como a micoplasmose, neoplasias, medicamentos e transfusões. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma análise clínica e laboratorial de um cão com anemia hemolítica imunomediada decorrente da Mycoplasma spp. Uma cadela da raça Pit Bull, com 05 meses de idade, foi levada ao hospital apresentando vômitos, diarreia e anorexia. No exame físico, foi possível observar a presença de carrapatos e mucosas ictéricas. Nos exames hematológicos foi possível evidenciaras alterações morfológicas de hemácias que caracterizavam anemia hemolítica imunomediada e a presença do parasita Mycoplasma spp. Nas análises bioquímicas se observou níveis séricos aumentados de creatinina e ureia. Pode-se concluir que, a observação de Mycoplasma spp. em esfregaços sanguíneos associada às alterações morfológicas eritrocitárias são de relevante importância para o diagnóstico de AHIM, auxiliando assim na instituição da melhor conduta terapêutica, contribuindo para o prognóstico do paciente.

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (AHIM) is a type II hypersensitivity reaction, where red blood cell destruction occurs or increases. It can be divided into primary, characterized by not having an underlying cause, and secondary, which can be caused by infectious agents, such as mycoplasmosis, neoplasms, drugs and transfusions. The objective of this work was to perform a clinical and laboratory analysis of a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia due to Mycoplasma spp. A five-months-old female Pit Bull dog was taken to the hospital presenting vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia. On physical examination, it was possible to observe the presence of ticks and icteric mucous membranes. In hematological exams, it was possible to show morphological changes in red blood cells that characterize immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and the presence of the parasite Mycoplasma spp. In the biochemical analyzes it was observed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. It can be concluded that the observation of Mycoplasma spp. in blood vessels associated with erythrocyte morphological changes are of relevant importance for the diagnosis of AHIM, thus assisting in the practice of a better method of therapy, contributing to the patient's prognosis.

Anemia hemolítica imunomediada associada à micoplasmose em um cão / Associated immunomediated hemolytic anemia mycoplasmosis in a dog

A anemia hemolítica imunomediada (AHIM) é uma reação de hipersensibilidade tipo II onde ocorre o aumento da destruição das hemácias. Ela pode ser dividida em primaria, caracterizada por não ter uma causa subjacente, e em secundária, pode ser causada por agentes infecciosos, como a micoplasmose, neoplasias, medicamentos e transfusões. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma análise clínica e laboratorial de um cão com anemia hemolítica imunomediada decorrente da Mycoplasma spp. Uma cadela da raça Pit Bull, com 05 meses de idade, foi levada ao hospital apresentando vômitos, diarreia e anorexia. No exame físico, foi possível observar a presença de carrapatos e mucosas ictéricas. Nos exames hematológicos foi possível evidenciaras alterações morfológicas de hemácias que caracterizavam anemia hemolítica imunomediada e a presença do parasita Mycoplasma spp. Nas análises bioquímicas se observou níveis séricos aumentados de creatinina e ureia. Pode-se concluir que, a observação de Mycoplasma spp. em esfregaços sanguíneos associada às alterações morfológicas eritrocitárias são de relevante importância para o diagnóstico de AHIM, auxiliando assim na instituição da melhor conduta terapêutica, contribuindo para o prognóstico do paciente.(AU)

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (AHIM) is a type II hypersensitivity reaction, where red blood cell destruction occurs or increases. It can be divided into primary, characterized by not having an underlying cause, and secondary, which can be caused by infectious agents, such as mycoplasmosis, neoplasms, drugs and transfusions. The objective of this work was to perform a clinical and laboratory analysis of a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia due to Mycoplasma spp. A five-months-old female Pit Bull dog was taken to the hospital presenting vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia. On physical examination, it was possible to observe the presence of ticks and icteric mucous membranes. In hematological exams, it was possible to show morphological changes in red blood cells that characterize immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and the presence of the parasite Mycoplasma spp. In the biochemical analyzes it was observed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. It can be concluded that the observation of Mycoplasma spp. in blood vessels associated with erythrocyte morphological changes are of relevant importance for the diagnosis of AHIM, thus assisting in the practice of a better method of therapy, contributing to the patient's prognosis.(AU)

Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela / Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a bitch triggered by drugs

Background: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is characterized by an autoimmune response with production of auto-antibodies and destruction of erythrocytes resulting in anemia. Primary IMHA is referred to a condition when the cause is unknown (idiopathic), whereas secondary IMHA involves changes in red blood cells caused by the action of drugs, neoplasms, or infectious diseases. The diagnosis can be made through changes in the blood count, usually of a regenerative character, Coombs test, and autoagglutination test. The present study aimed to report a case of drug-induced hemolytic anemia, with emphasis on the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment, in a female dog. Case: A 9-year-old mixed-breed bitch weighing 29.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (HCVUFRGS) with a previous diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele that was unresponsive to clinical treatment. After laboratory tests, cholecystectomy was performed, and the procedure required conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Therapy included administration of amoxicillin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam. Three days after surgery, the dog presented with apathy, lethargy, hyporexia, and a pale and subicteric mucosa. The patient developed hypochromic macrocytic anemia with reticulocytosis, spherocytosis, anisocytosis, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The result of the autoagglutination test was positive, confirming the diagnosis. All medications were suspended, and immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone was included, with a subsequent switch to prednisolone. After 10 days of treatment, the patient experienced significant improvement, and therapy was discontinued. Discussion: Based on the patient's history, the cause of the IMHA was secondary to drug administration, and it is not possible to distinguish if it was due to one or a combination of drugs, as they were all started and stopped simultaneously. The patient had hypothyroidism, which may have contributed to the production of antibodies against TSH receptors, blocking the hormone's action, thereby causing tissue damage due to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the effect of cytokines. The pale and subicteric mucosa, apathy, weakness, lethargy, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea resulted from extravascular hemolysis and bilirubin released from erythrocyte rupture with a subsequent decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to oxygen transport deficiency. The diagnosis is based on the blood count and results of autoagglutination supported by the response to immunosuppressive therapy. Anemia results in increased production and release of precursor cells from the bone marrow, accompanied by reticulocytosis and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The treatment of IMHA consists of supportive care and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids to ensure suppression of the immune system, preventing response against erythrocytes. Initially, tramadol hydrochloride, dipyrone, and amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate were suspended to interrupt the cause of IMHA, and administration of dexamethasone in an immunosuppressive dose was started. Therefore, it is important to include drug-induced IMHA in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with anemia after using medications. Early diagnosis, initiation of therapy, and adequate care were important factors for the recovery of the animal.

True prevalence and spatial distribution of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in horses from northeast region of Brazil

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a viral infection, caused by a lentivirus of the Retroviridae family, Orthoretrovirinael subfamily and its occurrence generates significant economic losses due to culling of positive animals as a measure of infection control. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of horses positive for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and to identify the occurrence of areas with higher densities of cases in the states of Paraíba (PB), Pernambuco (PE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Ceará (CE), Northeast region of Brazil, during the rainy (May and June) and dry (October and November) periods of 2017 and 2018. Serum samples from 6,566 horses from the states of PB, PE, RN and CE, Brazil, provided by the Laboratório Veterinária Diagnóstico - Ltda., were used. Serological diagnosis of EIA was performed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening test and agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) as a confirmatory test. The apparent prevalence was obtained by dividing the number of seroreactive animals by the total number of animals, while the true prevalence was estimated by adjusting the apparent prevalence, considering the sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98.6%) of the diagnostic protocol used. For the construction of Kernel estimates, the Quartic function was used. In the dry season, of the 1,564 animals sampled, 28 were serologically positive, of which 19 belonged to the state of Ceará, 7 to Paraíba and 2 to Rio Grande do Norte. In 2018, it was observed that, during the rainy season, 26 of the 1,635 horses were seroreactive, with 19 cases resulting from Ceará, 4 from Paraíba and 3 from Pernambuco. In the dry season, 32 of the 1,526 animals were seroreactive to EIAV, of which 26 were from Ceará, 3 from Paraíba, 1 from Rio Grande do Norte and 2 from Pernambuco. In the dry period of 2017, the CE had a real prevalence of 1.22% (95% CI = 0.05 - 2.99%). In 2018, during the rainy season, prevalences of 0.03% (95% CI = 0 - 1.18%) were identified in CE and 1.69% (95% CI = 0 - 8.38%) in PE. Regarding the 2018 dry period, a prevalence of 1.32% (95% CI = 0.26 - 2.84%) was found in the state of CE. In both dry and rainy periods of 2017, the presence of spatial clusters of animals positive for EIA was observed, mainly in the border areas among the states of CE, PE, PB and RN. In 2018, there was a variation in the distribution of areas with higher densities of cases between the rainy and dry periods. The state of CE had the highest prevalence of positive animals and the presence of areas with higher densities of EIA cases in both climatic periods, in the years 2017 and 2018. In some municipalities of the CE, important sporting events of agglomeration of animals take place, which can favor the transmission of EIAV by facilitating the contact of infected and susceptible animals. Population density may be a factor associated with the higher prevalence observed in this region, as it has the second largest herd among the states studied. Higher densities indirectly contribute to the occurrence of infectious diseases, as they favor the contact of infected and susceptible animals. The occurrence of higher densities of cases in the border areas of the states of PE, RN, CE, and PB may be related to the greater movement of animals in these regions, favoring the indirect contact of infected horses with susceptible ones. The observed results demonstrate the circulation of the EIAV in four states in the Northeast region of Brazil.(AU)

The reality of the donkey's exploitation for the hide trade in Brazil: disease outbreaks and animal welfare compromised in rescued donkeys / A realidade da exploração de jumentos para exportação de pele no Brasil: surtos sanitários e bem-estar animal comprometido em asininos resgatados

About 800 donkeys that were confined in a restrictive area used in a manner comparable to a warehouse for receiving donkeys for slaughter were abandoned. After receiving reports of mistreatment, civilians acted to save the animals. A task force was organized that planned veterinary and zootechnical actions and activities for daily health management, feeding, and clinical care to attend to the abandoned donkeys. Positive cases were diagnosed for glanders, equine infectious anemia, equine herpesvirus, and equine babesiosis. The objective of this communication is to bring to the attention of the scientific community the interventions in the area of animal health and welfare, to address the episode of northeast donkeys that were victims of international trade. It is fundamental to change the approach related to the management of donkeys in Brazil, and appeal to the necessity to identify ethical and sustainable ways to incorporate donkeys in Brazil in the 21st century.(AU)

Cerca de 800 jumentos confinados em uma área utilizada como entreposto de recebimento e encaminhamento de jumentos para abate foram abandonados. Após denúncias de maus tratos, a sociedade civil atuou para salvar os animais. Foi constituída uma força tarefa que planejou ações e atividades veterinárias e zootécnicas atuando diariamente no manejo sanitário, na alimentação e nos cuidados clínicos na assistência aos jumentos abandonados. Foram diagnosticados casos positivos de mormo, anemia infecciosa equina, herpesvírus equino e babesiose equina. O objetivo desta comunicação foi relatar para a comunidade científica as intervenções nas áreas de saúde e bem-estar animal no episódio dos jumentos nordestinos vítimas do comércio internacional. É fundamental mudar a abordagem em relação ao manejo de jumentos no Brasil e apelar para a necessidade de identificar maneiras éticas e sustentáveis de incorporar os jumentos no Brasil do século 21.(AU)

The reality of the donkey's exploitation for the hide trade in Brazil: disease outbreaks and animal welfare compromised in rescued donkeys / A realidade da exploração de jumentos para exportação de pele no Brasil: surtos sanitários e bem-estar animal comprometido em asininos resgatados

About 800 donkeys that were confined in a restrictive area used in a manner comparable to a warehouse for receiving donkeys for slaughter were abandoned. After receiving reports of mistreatment, civilians acted to save the animals. A task force was organized that planned veterinary and zootechnical actions and activities for daily health management, feeding, and clinical care to attend to the abandoned donkeys. Positive cases were diagnosed for glanders, equine infectious anemia, equine herpesvirus, and equine babesiosis. The objective of this communication is to bring to the attention of the scientific community the interventions in the area of animal health and welfare, to address the episode of northeast donkeys that were victims of international trade. It is fundamental to change the approach related to the management of donkeys in Brazil, and appeal to the necessity to identify ethical and sustainable ways to incorporate donkeys in Brazil in the 21st century.(AU)

Cerca de 800 jumentos confinados em uma área utilizada como entreposto de recebimento e encaminhamento de jumentos para abate foram abandonados. Após denúncias de maus tratos, a sociedade civil atuou para salvar os animais. Foi constituída uma força tarefa que planejou ações e atividades veterinárias e zootécnicas atuando diariamente no manejo sanitário, na alimentação e nos cuidados clínicos na assistência aos jumentos abandonados. Foram diagnosticados casos positivos de mormo, anemia infecciosa equina, herpesvírus equino e babesiose equina. O objetivo desta comunicação foi relatar para a comunidade científica as intervenções nas áreas de saúde e bem-estar animal no episódio dos jumentos nordestinos vítimas do comércio internacional. É fundamental mudar a abordagem em relação ao manejo de jumentos no Brasil e apelar para a necessidade de identificar maneiras éticas e sustentáveis de incorporar os jumentos no Brasil do século 21.(AU)

Comparison of serological and molecular tests to investigate Leishmania spp. infections in stray dogs from an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Brazil / Comparação de testes sorológicos e moleculares para investigar infecções por Leishmania spp. em cães errantes de uma área de intensa transmissão de leishmaniose visceral no Brasil

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure to Leishmania infection in stray dogs in an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples from 178 dogs were analyzed using serological and molecular assays: rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (cPCR and qPCR). Positivity values obtained with serological tests were 71.4% (127/178), 70.2% (125/178), and 50.6% (90/178) using ICT, ELISA, and IFAT, respectively, with 38.8% (69/178) of the dogs were simultaneously positive for all three tests. The positivity values obtained with cPCR and qPCR were 20.2% (36/178) and 38.8% (69/178), respectively, with 11.8% (21/178) testing positive in both molecular assays. Overall, 87.1% (155/178) were positive for anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and/or Leishmania spp. DNA. Positivity to one or more tests was statistically associated with lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions, lymphocytosis, anemia and hyperproteinemia. The results of this study revealed a high level of exposure to Leishmania in stray dogs in an area of intense human visceral leishmaniasis transmission, suggesting that dogs play a role as reservoirs in the transmission cycle of this zoonosis.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o nível de exposição à infecção por Leishmania em cães errantes de uma área de transmissão intensa de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Pernambuco. Amostras de sangue de 178 cães foram avaliadas por testes sorológicos e moleculares: teste imunocromatográfico (IC), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), teste de imunofluorescência de anticorpos (RIFI), reação em cadeia da polimerase convencional e quantitativa (cPCR e qPCR). Os valores de positividade obtidos com os testes sorológicos foram 71,4% (127/178), 70,2% (125/178) e 50,6% (90/178) com IC, ELISA e RIFI, respectivamente. E com 38,8% (69/178) dos cães mostraram-se simultaneamente positivos aos três testes. Os valores de positividade obtidos por cPCR e qPCR foram 20,2% (36/178) e 38,8% (69/178), respectivamente. E com 11,8% (21/178) dos cães foram positivos em ambos os testes moleculares. No geral, 87,1% (155/178) foram positivos para anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. e/ou material genético de Leishmania spp. A positividade a um ou mais testes foi estatisticamente associada à linfonodomegalia, lesões cutâneas, linfocitose, anemia e hiperproteinemia. Os resultados do estudo revelam um alto nível de exposição à Leishmania spp. em cães errantes em uma área de transmissão intensa de leishmaniose visceral humana, sugerindo que eles podem desempenhar um papel como reservatórios no ciclo de transmissão dessa zoonose.(AU)

Occurrence of tick-borne diseases in domestic dogs in Belém, Pará, Brazil / Ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos em cães domésticos em Belém do Pará, Brasil

Tick-borne blood cell pathogens, which are challenging to diagnose, are primarily detected using molecular techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the main infectious agents involved in 50 cases of suspected hemoparasitosis in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital Mário Dias Teixeira of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Hematological parameters were evaluated, and blood samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for DNA amplification of the following species: Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Babesia canis. The PCR test results indicated that the most prevalent infectious agent was E. canis, present in 12% (6/50) infected animals, followed by A. platys and B. canis, present in 8% (4/50) and 2% (1/50) infected animals, respectively. Regarding hematological analysis, the most relevant changes were anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and leukopenia. The availability of molecular techniques allows the management of the most appropriate treatment to infected animals in a rapid and specific way.

Patógenos de células sanguíneas transmitidos por carrapatos, cujo diagnóstico é desafiador, são detectados princi-palmente por meio de técnicas moleculares. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo detectar os principais agentes infec-ciosos envolvidos em 50 casos de suspeita de hemoparasitose em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Mário Dias Teixeira da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Parâmetros hematológicos foram avaliados e amostras de sangue foram subme-tidas a ensaios de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para amplificação de DNA das seguintes espécies: Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys e Babesia canis. Os resultados do teste de PCR indicaram que o agente infeccioso mais prevalente foi E. canis, presente em 12% (6/50) dos animais infectados, seguido por A. platys e B. canis, presente em 8% (4/50) e 2% (1/50) animais infectados, respectivamente. Em relação à análise hematológica, as alterações mais relevantes foram anemia, linfopenia, trom-bocitopenia, leucocitose e leucopenia. A disponibilidade de técnicas moleculares permite o manejo do tratamento mais ade-quado aos animais infectados de forma rápida e específica.

Occurrence of tick-borne diseases in domestic dogs in Belém, Pará, Brazil / Ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos em cães domésticos em Belém do Pará, Brasil

Tick-borne blood cell pathogens, which are challenging to diagnose, are primarily detected using molecular techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the main infectious agents involved in 50 cases of suspected hemoparasitosis in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital Mário Dias Teixeira of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Hematological parameters were evaluated, and blood samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for DNA amplification of the following species: Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Babesia canis. The PCR test results indicated that the most prevalent infectious agent was E. canis, present in 12% (6/50) infected animals, followed by A. platys and B. canis, present in 8% (4/50) and 2% (1/50) infected animals, respectively. Regarding hematological analysis, the most relevant changes were anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and leukopenia. The availability of molecular techniques allows the management of the most appropriate treatment to infected animals in a rapid and specific way.(AU)

Patógenos de células sanguíneas transmitidos por carrapatos, cujo diagnóstico é desafiador, são detectados princi-palmente por meio de técnicas moleculares. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo detectar os principais agentes infec-ciosos envolvidos em 50 casos de suspeita de hemoparasitose em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Mário Dias Teixeira da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Parâmetros hematológicos foram avaliados e amostras de sangue foram subme-tidas a ensaios de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para amplificação de DNA das seguintes espécies: Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys e Babesia canis. Os resultados do teste de PCR indicaram que o agente infeccioso mais prevalente foi E. canis, presente em 12% (6/50) dos animais infectados, seguido por A. platys e B. canis, presente em 8% (4/50) e 2% (1/50) animais infectados, respectivamente. Em relação à análise hematológica, as alterações mais relevantes foram anemia, linfopenia, trom-bocitopenia, leucocitose e leucopenia. A disponibilidade de técnicas moleculares permite o manejo do tratamento mais ade-quado aos animais infectados de forma rápida e específica.(AU)

Hematological and histopathological changes in medular aplasia resulting from Ehrlichia canis infection in a Border collie dog / Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas na aplasia medulardecorrente da infecção por Ehrlichia canis em cão da raça Border Collie

The Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease that commonly affects dogs of all breeds and ages. It is caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia canis and is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The disease may pre-sent itself in the acute, subclinical, and chronic forms. The present study reports the case of a 2-year-old male Border Collie with advanced stage CME, attended at the Pet Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal de Jataí, which resul-ted in medullary aplasia. The diagnosis of marrow aplasia was based on the necroscopic and histopathological examinations. At necropsy, the diaphyses of the long bones were filled with diffuse, strongly whitish and pasty tissue, typical of the adipose tissue, also found in the femoral epiphyses. The histopathology showed unilocular adipose tissue as the major constituent of the bone marrow and rare islands of marrow cells. These findings were compatible with severe hypoplasia of the red bone mar-row and hyperplasia of the white bone marrow, affecting hematopoiesis, resulting in the laboratory alterations observed in the hematocrit, WBC, and plateletogram.

A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa que comumente afeta cães de todas as raças e idades. Causada pela bactéria Ehrlichia canis e transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus, a doença pode apresentar-se nas for-mas aguda, subclínica e crônica. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um cão, raça Border Collie, macho, 2 anos de idade, com EMC em estágio avançado, atendido no Setor de Clínica de Animais de Companhia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Jataí, caso este que resultou em aplasia medular. O diagnóstico da aplasia de medula baseou-se na realização de exames necroscópico e histopatológico. Na necropsia verificou-se a diáfise de ossos longos preenchida por tecido difuso, seve-ramente esbranquiçado e pastoso, característico de tecido adiposo, também encontrado em epífises femorais. No histopatoló-gico foi verificado tecido adiposo unilocular como maior constituinte da medula óssea e raras ilhas de células medulares. Esses achados foram compatíveis com hipoplasia severa de medula óssea vermelha e hiperplasia de medula óssea branca, afetando a hematopoiese resultando nas alterações laboratoriais verificadas no eritrograma, leucograma e plaquetograma.

Hematological and histopathological changes in medular aplasia resulting from Ehrlichia canis infection in a Border collie dog / Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas na aplasia medulardecorrente da infecção por Ehrlichia canis em cão da raça Border Collie

The Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease that commonly affects dogs of all breeds and ages. It is caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia canis and is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The disease may pre-sent itself in the acute, subclinical, and chronic forms. The present study reports the case of a 2-year-old male Border Collie with advanced stage CME, attended at the Pet Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal de Jataí, which resul-ted in medullary aplasia. The diagnosis of marrow aplasia was based on the necroscopic and histopathological examinations. At necropsy, the diaphyses of the long bones were filled with diffuse, strongly whitish and pasty tissue, typical of the adipose tissue, also found in the femoral epiphyses. The histopathology showed unilocular adipose tissue as the major constituent of the bone marrow and rare islands of marrow cells. These findings were compatible with severe hypoplasia of the red bone mar-row and hyperplasia of the white bone marrow, affecting hematopoiesis, resulting in the laboratory alterations observed in the hematocrit, WBC, and plateletogram.(AU)

A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa que comumente afeta cães de todas as raças e idades. Causada pela bactéria Ehrlichia canis e transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus, a doença pode apresentar-se nas for-mas aguda, subclínica e crônica. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um cão, raça Border Collie, macho, 2 anos de idade, com EMC em estágio avançado, atendido no Setor de Clínica de Animais de Companhia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Jataí, caso este que resultou em aplasia medular. O diagnóstico da aplasia de medula baseou-se na realização de exames necroscópico e histopatológico. Na necropsia verificou-se a diáfise de ossos longos preenchida por tecido difuso, seve-ramente esbranquiçado e pastoso, característico de tecido adiposo, também encontrado em epífises femorais. No histopatoló-gico foi verificado tecido adiposo unilocular como maior constituinte da medula óssea e raras ilhas de células medulares. Esses achados foram compatíveis com hipoplasia severa de medula óssea vermelha e hiperplasia de medula óssea branca, afetando a hematopoiese resultando nas alterações laboratoriais verificadas no eritrograma, leucograma e plaquetograma.(AU)