Effects of amylin on egg quality traits of hens during the early laying period

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of amylin, a pancreatic hormone polypeptide, on egg quality traits in laying hens. A total of 40 birds (14 wk of age) were randomly divided into two treatments with two replicates, 10 birds in each replicate. Twenty birds were subcutaneously injected with amylin at 75 µg/kg every other day (treatment 1), and the remaining animals (20 hens) were given only water as the control group (treatment 2). Eggs collected from the two groups (140 eggs per group) were examined for several quality performance traits such as egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell ash, eggshell weight, Haugh unit (HU), albumen index, yolk index, yolk color, and albumen height. The results indicated that amylin had a positive effect on some egg quality traits in laying hens. Specific gravity, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, HU, albumen index, yolk index, and albumen height, which are all considered as important quality parameters from the consumer point of view, especially HU, were relatively improved in the amylin treatment group. These results showed that the injection of 75 µg/kg amylin has a significant effect on some egg quality traits. Considering that egg quality characteristics are crucial for the egg industry, this study can be a reference for the detailed investigation of the use of amylin in the different stages of egg production.

Multivariate modeling strategies to predict nutritional requirements of essential amino acids in semiheavy second-cycle hens

An experiment with 23 diets was performed to evaluate the effect of digestible lysine (Lys), digestible methionine + cysteine (Met+Cys), and digestible threonine (Thr) on egg production of H&N Brown second-cycle laying hens (SCLH) for 20 weeks (92-111 weeks of age) in cages under environmental conditions. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg weight (EW), number of hen-housed eggs, and livability were also evaluated during the experiment. Diets were formulated from a central composite design that combined five levels of Lys, Met+Cys, and Thr ranging from 727 to 1159, 662 to 1055, and 552 to 882 mg/kg, respectively. Egg production (EP) data were evaluated through three different modeling strategies: egg production models, multivariate polynomial models, and artificial neural networks (ANN). A cascade-forward neural network with logsigmoid transfer function was selected as the best model according to goodness-offit statistics in both identification and validation data. One of the best scenarios for EP of H&N Brown SCLH under specific outdoor conditions was established at Lys, Met+Cys, and Thr levels of 1138, 1031, and 717 mg/hen·day, respectively. The ANN model may be an appropriate tool to study and predict EP of H&N Brown SCLH based on the combination of three different levels of essential digestible amino acids. The strategies included in this work may contribute to improving poultry performance based on modeling techniques to study other production parameters in terms of different nutritional requirements and productive conditions.

Influence of Effective Microorganism Supplementation to the Drinking Water on Performance and Some Blood Parameters of Laying Hens Exposed to A High Ambient Temperature

In the present study, seventy-two 30-week-old laying hens (Brown Hisex) were separated into two groups (control and treatment) and fed with a standard layer diet. In the treatment group the amount of effective microorganism (EM) added to the drinking water is equal to1000 ppm EM dose. Throughout the 8-week study period, 16 h thermoneutral (20-22 ºC) and 8 h hot (35-37 ºC) environmental temperature regime was applied daily. The results indicated that EM supplementation affected performance and some egg quality characteristics of layers exposed high environmental temperature. Feed intake and conversion ratio, yolk index, albumen index, yolk colour b, Haugh unit were decreased by supplemental EM. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, total oxidant- antioxidant concentration were not affected by EM. It is concluded that EM supplementation in laying hens could have potential to improve feed intake and feed conversion ratio under high environmental temperature. However, supplemental EM with drinking water decreased some egg quality parameters.(AU)

Influence of Effective Microorganism Supplementation to the Drinking Water on Performance and Some Blood Parameters of Laying Hens Exposed to A High Ambient Temperature

In the present study, seventy-two 30-week-old laying hens (Brown Hisex) were separated into two groups (control and treatment) and fed with a standard layer diet. In the treatment group the amount of effective microorganism (EM) added to the drinking water is equal to1000 ppm EM dose. Throughout the 8-week study period, 16 h thermoneutral (20-22 ºC) and 8 h hot (35-37 ºC) environmental temperature regime was applied daily. The results indicated that EM supplementation affected performance and some egg quality characteristics of layers exposed high environmental temperature. Feed intake and conversion ratio, yolk index, albumen index, yolk colour b, Haugh unit were decreased by supplemental EM. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, total oxidant- antioxidant concentration were not affected by EM. It is concluded that EM supplementation in laying hens could have potential to improve feed intake and feed conversion ratio under high environmental temperature. However, supplemental EM with drinking water decreased some egg quality parameters.

Diagnosis of Gallibacterium Anatis in Layers: First Report in Turkey

Gallibacterium anatis, a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, leads to decrease in egg-production, animal welfare and increase in mortality. This study aimed to diagnose G. Anatis, which caused economic losses in laying hens by using conventional and molecular techniques. In this study, G. anatis was examined from a total of 200 dead chicken tissues (heart, liver, lung, spleen and trachea) in laying hen farms that observed a decrease in egg production with respiratory system infection. Conventional methods based on colony morphology, sugar fermentation tests and hemolytic properties and molecular conformation using 16S rRNA-23S rRNA specific primers were performed to identify G. anatis. G. anatis was isolated in 20 (10%) of the examined samples and isolates were confirmed by conventional PCR. A total of 11 (2.2%) positivity was obtained as isolates were the result of PCR performed on tissues and organs directly. As a result, the presence of G. anatis was detected for the first time in Turkey by this study. It was thought that G. anatis may have a role in egg production losses due to respiratory tract infection in poultry and this situation may be a guide for poultry clinicians and microbiologists.(AU)

Diagnosis of Gallibacterium Anatis in Layers: First Report in Turkey

Gallibacterium anatis, a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, leads to decrease in egg-production, animal welfare and increase in mortality. This study aimed to diagnose G. Anatis, which caused economic losses in laying hens by using conventional and molecular techniques. In this study, G. anatis was examined from a total of 200 dead chicken tissues (heart, liver, lung, spleen and trachea) in laying hen farms that observed a decrease in egg production with respiratory system infection. Conventional methods based on colony morphology, sugar fermentation tests and hemolytic properties and molecular conformation using 16S rRNA-23S rRNA specific primers were performed to identify G. anatis. G. anatis was isolated in 20 (10%) of the examined samples and isolates were confirmed by conventional PCR. A total of 11 (2.2%) positivity was obtained as isolates were the result of PCR performed on tissues and organs directly. As a result, the presence of G. anatis was detected for the first time in Turkey by this study. It was thought that G. anatis may have a role in egg production losses due to respiratory tract infection in poultry and this situation may be a guide for poultry clinicians and microbiologists.

Effects of dietary brewery spent grain inclusion on egg laying performance and quality parameters of bovans brown chickens

Poultry rations are composed mainly of conventional cereal grains and proteins. Using non-conventional agro-industrial by-products may reduce the cost of production and thereby improve productivity. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary brewery spent grain inclusion on egg laying performance, quality parameters of bovans brown and profitability of the rations. A total of 200 pullets with similar body weight and age were randomly distributed to five treatments with four replications. The treatments were brewery spent grain (BSG) inclusion of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The CP and ME contents of treatment rations were 16.54-17.04% and 2871-2903 kcal/kg DM, respectively. Inclusion of the BSG in the layers ration did not affect dry matter intake, feed conversion efficiency and hen-day egg production (58.79, 57, 56.11, 55.11 and 54.13% (SEM=0.92)). Likewise, the inclusion of the BSG in the diets did not affect (albumen, yolk, shell) quality. However, feed cost decreased with the increasing level of the BSG in the rations because of its lower purchasing price. To conclude, a 40% inclusion of BSG in the diet of layers does not affect the production and the quality of the eggs and it can be economically profitable.(AU)

Effects of dietary brewery spent grain inclusion on egg laying performance and quality parameters of bovans brown chickens

Poultry rations are composed mainly of conventional cereal grains and proteins. Using non-conventional agro-industrial by-products may reduce the cost of production and thereby improve productivity. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary brewery spent grain inclusion on egg laying performance, quality parameters of bovans brown and profitability of the rations. A total of 200 pullets with similar body weight and age were randomly distributed to five treatments with four replications. The treatments were brewery spent grain (BSG) inclusion of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The CP and ME contents of treatment rations were 16.54-17.04% and 2871-2903 kcal/kg DM, respectively. Inclusion of the BSG in the layers ration did not affect dry matter intake, feed conversion efficiency and hen-day egg production (58.79, 57, 56.11, 55.11 and 54.13% (SEM=0.92)). Likewise, the inclusion of the BSG in the diets did not affect (albumen, yolk, shell) quality. However, feed cost decreased with the increasing level of the BSG in the rations because of its lower purchasing price. To conclude, a 40% inclusion of BSG in the diet of layers does not affect the production and the quality of the eggs and it can be economically profitable.

Duckweed in Irrigation Water as a Replacement of Soybean Meal in the Laying Hens Diet

ABSTRACT Water lentils (Duckweed [DW])(Lemna gibba), in irrigation ponds, was evaluated by replacing two levels of soybean meal (SBM) on performance and egg quality of laying hens of 54 weeks of age. A total of 72 white Lohmann laying hens were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 6 replicates/treatment, 4 hens/replicate in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: control group (DW0%) with (SBM) as the main source of protein, T1 (DW10%) and T2 (DW20%), where duckweed replaced 10% and 20% of SBM for 9 weeks. No significant differences were observed among the dietary treatments in body weight change, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and mortality rate. Replacement with (DW20%) decreased (p 0.05) feed intake, egg laying rate and egg mass. The dry albuminin (DW10%) decreased (p 0.05) from 7 to 9 weeks and in the total period. Yolk pigmentation was highly (p 0.001) improved by the replacement. Blood spots were increased (p 0.05) with (DW20%). Duckweed grown in good quality irrigation water can replace up to 10% of the SBM as a source of protein without adverse effects on hen performance and egg quality in addition to profitability.

Duckweed in Irrigation Water as a Replacement of Soybean Meal in the Laying Hens Diet

Water lentils (Duckweed [DW])(Lemna gibba), in irrigation ponds, was evaluated by replacing two levels of soybean meal (SBM) on performance and egg quality of laying hens of 54 weeks of age. A total of 72 white Lohmann laying hens were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 6 replicates/treatment, 4 hens/replicate in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: control group (DW0%) with (SBM) as the main source of protein, T1 (DW10%) and T2 (DW20%), where duckweed replaced 10% and 20% of SBM for 9 weeks. No significant differences were observed among the dietary treatments in body weight change, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and mortality rate. Replacement with (DW20%) decreased (p 0.05) feed intake, egg laying rate and egg mass. The dry albuminin (DW10%) decreased (p 0.05) from 7 to 9 weeks and in the total period. Yolk pigmentation was highly (p 0.001) improved by the replacement. Blood spots were increased (p 0.05) with (DW20%). Duckweed grown in good quality irrigation water can replace up to 10% of the SBM as a source of protein without adverse effects on hen performance and egg quality in addition to profitability.(AU)

Duckweed in Irrigation Water as a Replacement of Soybean Meal in the Laying Hens Diet

Water lentils (Duckweed [DW])(Lemna gibba), in irrigation ponds, was evaluated by replacing two levels of soybean meal (SBM) on performance and egg quality of laying hens of 54 weeks of age. A total of 72 white Lohmann laying hens were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 6 replicates/treatment, 4 hens/replicate in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: control group (DW0%) with (SBM) as the main source of protein, T1 (DW10%) and T2 (DW20%), where duckweed replaced 10% and 20% of SBM for 9 weeks. No significant differences were observed among the dietary treatments in body weight change, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and mortality rate. Replacement with (DW20%) decreased (p 0.05) feed intake, egg laying rate and egg mass. The dry albuminin (DW10%) decreased (p 0.05) from 7 to 9 weeks and in the total period. Yolk pigmentation was highly (p 0.001) improved by the replacement. Blood spots were increased (p 0.05) with (DW20%). Duckweed grown in good quality irrigation water can replace up to 10% of the SBM as a source of protein without adverse effects on hen performance and egg quality in addition to profitability.

Effects of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Root Meal in Diets Containing Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles on Production Performance, Egg Quality, and Excreta Noxious Gas Emission in Laying Hens

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal (CRM) in laying hen diets containing corn dried distiller grains with soluble (DDGS) on production performance, egg quality, and excreta noxious gas emission. Two hundred and forty Hy-Line brown laying hens (40 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 1 of 4 dietary treatments (10 replications with 6 hens per replication) for 6 weeks. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) corn-based diet (CON); 2) diet containing 10% CRM and 8% DDGS (CRM10); 3) diet containing 20% CRM and 8% DDGS (CRM20); 4) diet containing 30% CRM and 8% DDGS (CRM30). The inclusion of 30% CRM in the diet containing 8% DDGS significantly decreased (p 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), egg production, and feed conversion ratio. Increasing the level of CRM in laying hen diets did not affect (p>0.05) the egg quality with the exception of decreased (p 0.05) egg yolk color when 30% of CRM was included in laying hens diet. CRM20 and CRM30 dietary treatments tended to decrease ammonia emission compared with CON dietary treatment (p=0.08). In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that CRM may be incorporated to a concentration of 20% in laying hen diets containing 8% DDGS without detrimental effects on production performance and egg quality. Furthermore, the addition of 20% and 30% CRM in laying hen diets containing 8% DDGS tended to reduce the excreta ammonia emission.(AU)

Effects of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Root Meal in Diets Containing Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles on Production Performance, Egg Quality, and Excreta Noxious Gas Emission in Laying Hens

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal (CRM) in laying hen diets containing corn dried distiller grains with soluble (DDGS) on production performance, egg quality, and excreta noxious gas emission. Two hundred and forty Hy-Line brown laying hens (40 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 1 of 4 dietary treatments (10 replications with 6 hens per replication) for 6 weeks. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) corn-based diet (CON); 2) diet containing 10% CRM and 8% DDGS (CRM10); 3) diet containing 20% CRM and 8% DDGS (CRM20); 4) diet containing 30% CRM and 8% DDGS (CRM30). The inclusion of 30% CRM in the diet containing 8% DDGS significantly decreased (p 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), egg production, and feed conversion ratio. Increasing the level of CRM in laying hen diets did not affect (p>0.05) the egg quality with the exception of decreased (p 0.05) egg yolk color when 30% of CRM was included in laying hens diet. CRM20 and CRM30 dietary treatments tended to decrease ammonia emission compared with CON dietary treatment (p=0.08). In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that CRM may be incorporated to a concentration of 20% in laying hen diets containing 8% DDGS without detrimental effects on production performance and egg quality. Furthermore, the addition of 20% and 30% CRM in laying hen diets containing 8% DDGS tended to reduce the excreta ammonia emission.

Productive performance of white leghorn hens based on the type of housing during rearing: floor versus cage

Poultry farmers in the southeastern of Mexico consider that the productivity of the hens that comes from rearing on floor has a higher productive performance than reared hens in cages, mainly due to higher percentage of egg laying and lower mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of the laying hen in relation to the type of rearing. A total of 79680 pullets Bovans White of 17 weeks of age were housed in cages with five pullets cage-1 (405 cm2pullet-1). They were divided in two treatments according to their type of rearing (floor vs cage) with four replicates. The study period was from week 20 to week 40 of age. The variables evaluated were daily (%) and cumulative mortality (%), egg production (%), egg weight (g), feed intake (g pullet d-1), cumulative feed intake (g pullet-1), daily and cumulative egg mass, number of eggs per hen housed, egg loss (%) and productivity index. The variables were analyzed using a randomized block design. It was observed that daily and cumulative mortality, feed intake and egg loss was higher (p < 0.05), while the number of eggs per hen housed and productivity index (p < 0.05) was lower for hens in cages. We conclude that it is possible to associate detriments in the productive performance of laying hens based on the type of housing during its growth phase.

Productive performance of white leghorn hens based on the type of housing during rearing: floor versus cage

Poultry farmers in the southeastern of Mexico consider that the productivity of the hens that comes from rearing on floor has a higher productive performance than reared hens in cages, mainly due to higher percentage of egg laying and lower mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of the laying hen in relation to the type of rearing. A total of 79680 pullets Bovans White of 17 weeks of age were housed in cages with five pullets cage-1 (405 cm2pullet-1). They were divided in two treatments according to their type of rearing (floor vs cage) with four replicates. The study period was from week 20 to week 40 of age. The variables evaluated were daily (%) and cumulative mortality (%), egg production (%), egg weight (g), feed intake (g pullet d-1), cumulative feed intake (g pullet-1), daily and cumulative egg mass, number of eggs per hen housed, egg loss (%) and productivity index. The variables were analyzed using a randomized block design. It was observed that daily and cumulative mortality, feed intake and egg loss was higher (p < 0.05), while the number of eggs per hen housed and productivity index (p < 0.05) was lower for hens in cages. We conclude that it is possible to associate detriments in the productive performance of laying hens based on the type of housing during its growth phase.(AU)

Níveis de sódio na ração de codornas japonesas em postura

p>The experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional requirement of sodium (Na) for laying Japanese quails. Were used 245 Japanese quails, with 187 days old, weight of 189.4 underline>+ /underline> 6.1 g and egg production rate of 91.05 underline>+ /underline> 5.5%. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five diets and seven replicates. Five experimental diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal, with five levels of Na (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30%). Were examined: feed intake, egg production per bird day, egg production per hen housed, commercial eggs, viable eggs per bird day, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion by egg mass and per dozen eggs, components eggs (yolk, albumen and shell), body weight variation, viability of birds and specific gravity. There were no differences (P>0.05) for all parameters studied. Symptoms of deficiency as inappetence, reduction in the growth rate and depraved appetite were not observed in this study, demonstrating that the lower level of Na used, 0.10%, was not adverse to birds. Supplementation of 0.10% Na in diet of the birds, corresponding to a daily intake of 26.1 mg / bird was enough to provide good performance and egg quality of Japanese quails. /p>

p>O experimento foi realizado para estimar a exigência nutricional de sódio (Na) para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 245 codornas japonesas, com 187 dias de idade, peso de 189,4 underline>+ /underline> 6,1 g e taxa de produção de ovos de 91,05 underline>+ /underline> 5,5 %. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, constituído por cinco rações e sete repetições. Foram formuladas cinco rações experimentais à base de milho e farelo de soja, com cinco níveis de Na (0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25 e 0,30%). Foram analisados: consumo de ração, produção de ovos por ave ao dia, por ave alojada, de ovos comercializáveis, de ovos viáveis por ave ao dia, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos, componentes dos ovos (gema (g e %), albúmen (g e %) e casca (g e %), variação de peso corporal, viabilidade das aves e gravidade específica. Não foi verificado efeito (P>0,05) para nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. Sintomas de deficiência de sódio como inapetência, redução da taxa de crescimento, produção e apetite depravado não foram observados, demonstrando que o menor nível de sódio utilizado, 0,10%, não foi prejudicial às aves. A suplementação de 0,10% de sódio na ração, correspondente ao consumo diário de 26,1 mg de Na por ave foi suficiente para proporcionar satisfatório desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas. /p>

Níveis de sódio na ração de codornas japonesas em postura

p>The experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional requirement of sodium (Na) for laying Japanese quails. Were used 245 Japanese quails, with 187 days old, weight of 189.4 underline>+ /underline> 6.1 g and egg production rate of 91.05 underline>+ /underline> 5.5%. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five diets and seven replicates. Five experimental diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal, with five levels of Na (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30%). Were examined: feed intake, egg production per bird day, egg production per hen housed, commercial eggs, viable eggs per bird day, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion by egg mass and per dozen eggs, components eggs (yolk, albumen and shell), body weight variation, viability of birds and specific gravity. There were no differences (P>0.05) for all parameters studied. Symptoms of deficiency as inappetence, reduction in the growth rate and depraved appetite were not observed in this study, demonstrating that the lower level of Na used, 0.10%, was not adverse to birds. Supplementation of 0.10% Na in diet of the birds, corresponding to a daily intake of 26.1 mg / bird was enough to provide good performance and egg quality of Japanese quails. /p>

p>O experimento foi realizado para estimar a exigência nutricional de sódio (Na) para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 245 codornas japonesas, com 187 dias de idade, peso de 189,4 underline>+ /underline> 6,1 g e taxa de produção de ovos de 91,05 underline>+ /underline> 5,5 %. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, constituído por cinco rações e sete repetições. Foram formuladas cinco rações experimentais à base de milho e farelo de soja, com cinco níveis de Na (0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25 e 0,30%). Foram analisados: consumo de ração, produção de ovos por ave ao dia, por ave alojada, de ovos comercializáveis, de ovos viáveis por ave ao dia, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos, componentes dos ovos (gema (g e %), albúmen (g e %) e casca (g e %), variação de peso corporal, viabilidade das aves e gravidade específica. Não foi verificado efeito (P>0,05) para nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. Sintomas de deficiência de sódio como inapetência, redução da taxa de crescimento, produção e apetite depravado não foram observados, demonstrando que o menor nível de sódio utilizado, 0,10%, não foi prejudicial às aves. A suplementação de 0,10% de sódio na ração, correspondente ao consumo diário de 26,1 mg de Na por ave foi suficiente para proporcionar satisfatório desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas. /p>

Níveis de sódio na ração de codornas japonesas em postura / Sodium levels in diet of laying japanese quails

O experimento foi realizado para estimar a exigência nutricional de sódio (Na) para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 245 codornas japonesas, com 187 dias de idade, peso de 189,4 + 6,1 g e taxa de produção de ovos de 91,05 + 5,5 %. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, constituído por cinco rações e sete repetições. Foram formuladas cinco rações experimentais à base de milho e farelo de soja, com cinco níveis de Na (0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25 e 0,30%). Foram analisados: consumo de ração, produção de ovos por ave ao dia, por ave alojada, de ovos comercializáveis, de ovos viáveis por ave ao dia, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos, componentes dos ovos (gema (g e %), albúmen (g e %) e casca (g e %), variação de peso corporal, viabilidade das aves e gravidade específica. Não foi verificado efeito (P>0,05) para nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. Sintomas de deficiência de sódio como inapetência, redução da taxa de crescimento, produção e apetite depravado não foram observados, demonstrando que o menor nível de sódio utilizado, 0,10%, não foi prejudicial às aves. A suplementação de 0,10% de sódio na ração, correspondente ao consumo diário de 26,1 mg de Na por ave foi suficiente para proporcionar satisfatório desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas.(AU)

The experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional requirement of sodium (Na) for laying Japanese quails. Were used 245 Japanese quails, with 187 days old, weight of 189.4 + 6.1 g and egg production rate of 91.05 + 5.5%. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five diets and seven replicates. Five experimental diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal, with five levels of Na (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30%). Were examined: feed intake, egg production per bird day, egg production per hen housed, commercial eggs, viable eggs per bird day, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion by egg mass and per dozen eggs, components eggs (yolk, albumen and shell), body weight variation, viability of birds and specific gravity. There were no differences (P>0.05) for all parameters studied. Symptoms of deficiency as inappetence, reduction in the growth rate and depraved appetite were not observed in this study, demonstrating that the lower level of Na used, 0.10%, was not adverse to birds. Supplementation of 0.10% Na in diet of the birds, corresponding to a daily intake of 26.1 mg / bird was enough to provide good performance and egg quality of Japanese quails.(AU)

Níveis de sódio na ração de codornas japonesas em postura / Sodium levels in diet of laying japanese quails

O experimento foi realizado para estimar a exigência nutricional de sódio (Na) para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 245 codornas japonesas, com 187 dias de idade, peso de 189,4 + 6,1 g e taxa de produção de ovos de 91,05 + 5,5 %. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, constituído por cinco rações e sete repetições. Foram formuladas cinco rações experimentais à base de milho e farelo de soja, com cinco níveis de Na (0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25 e 0,30%). Foram analisados: consumo de ração, produção de ovos por ave ao dia, por ave alojada, de ovos comercializáveis, de ovos viáveis por ave ao dia, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos, componentes dos ovos (gema (g e %), albúmen (g e %) e casca (g e %), variação de peso corporal, viabilidade das aves e gravidade específica. Não foi verificado efeito (P>0,05) para nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. Sintomas de deficiência de sódio como inapetência, redução da taxa de crescimento, produção e apetite depravado não foram observados, demonstrando que o menor nível de sódio utilizado, 0,10%, não foi prejudicial às aves. A suplementação de 0,10% de sódio na ração, correspondente ao consumo diário de 26,1 mg de Na por ave foi suficiente para proporcionar satisfatório desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas.

The experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional requirement of sodium (Na) for laying Japanese quails. Were used 245 Japanese quails, with 187 days old, weight of 189.4 + 6.1 g and egg production rate of 91.05 + 5.5%. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five diets and seven replicates. Five experimental diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal, with five levels of Na (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30%). Were examined: feed intake, egg production per bird day, egg production per hen housed, commercial eggs, viable eggs per bird day, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion by egg mass and per dozen eggs, components eggs (yolk, albumen and shell), body weight variation, viability of birds and specific gravity. There were no differences (P>0.05) for all parameters studied. Symptoms of deficiency as inappetence, reduction in the growth rate and depraved appetite were not observed in this study, demonstrating that the lower level of Na used, 0.10%, was not adverse to birds. Supplementation of 0.10% Na in diet of the birds, corresponding to a daily intake of 26.1 mg / bird was enough to provide good performance and egg quality of Japanese quails.

Mixed crude glycerin in laying hen diets: live performance and egg quality and fatty acid profile

This study evaluated the performance and the quality and fatty acid profile of eggs from laying hens fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin (MCG; 80% vegetable fat + 20% animal fat). A total of 240 39-week-old Hy-Line W36 laying hens were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into six treatments consisting of graded MCG dietary inclusion levels (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5%), with five replicates of eight birds each. Feed intake linearly decreased (p 0.05) with increasing MCG inclusion levels. The percentages of myristic, palmitic, and -linolenic acids in the eggs linearly decreased as MCG dietary levels increased (p 0.05), while -linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and -6/-3 ratio linearly increased. Excreta moisture linearly increased with increasing levels of MCG inclusion (p 0.05). MCG may be included in up to 7.5% in layer feeds without impairing performance or egg quality, but levels up to 5.54% reduce SFA egg content. However, the inclusion of MCG in layer diets increases -6/-3 ratio in the eggs.