Anatomical variation of the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve in sheep: a case report / Variação anatômica do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial em ovino: relato de caso

The disposition and topography of the facial nerve are arguably of critical importance for professionals who work directly with oral health. This paper reports a case of anatomical variation in which the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve perforated the parotid lymph node parenchyma in two hemiheads of Ovis aries. The infratemporal and facial regions of 30 hemiheads were dissected in a practical class following the methodology indicated in the literature. As expected, after emerging from the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve subdivided into the dorsal and ventral buccal branches in all animals. However, in 6.66% of the hemiheads, the dorsal branch perforated longitudinally the parotid lymph node parenchyma. We concluded that even with a low rate of occurrence, anatomical variations of the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve may be present in sheep. This knowledge is of essential importance because subsequent traumatic and/or inflammatory changes can cause neural compression and compromise the innervation of the face, leading to semiological and diagnostic confusion.

O nervo facial é, indiscutivelmente, um dos mais importantes para aqueles profissionais que trabalham diretamente com a saúde oral. Sabendo que a disposição e topografia do nervo facial são de importância crítica para a prática médica, objetivou-se relatar um caso de variação anatômica em que o ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial perfurou o parênquima do linfonodo parotídeo em duas hemicabeças de Ovis aries. As regiões infratemporal e facial de 30 hemicabeças foram dissecadas e conforme esperado, após emergir pelo forame estilomastóideo o nervo facial subdividiu-se nos ramos bucal dorsal e bucal ventral em todos os animais, entretanto, em 6,66% das hemicabeças este primeiro ramo perfurou longitudinalmente o parênquima do linfonodo parotídeo. Concluiu-se que, ainda que com uma taxa de ocorrência baixa, variações anatômicas do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial podem estar presentes nos ovinos. Este conhecimento é de essencial importância uma vez que em casos como este as alterações traumáticas e/ou inflamatórias podem causar a compressão neural e comprometimento da inervação da face, possibilitando uma confusão semiológica e diagnóstica.

Anatomical variation of the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve in sheep: a case report / Variação anatômica do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial em ovino: relato de caso

The disposition and topography of the facial nerve are arguably of critical importance for professionals who work directly with oral health. This paper reports a case of anatomical variation in which the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve perforated the parotid lymph node parenchyma in two hemiheads of Ovis aries. The infratemporal and facial regions of 30 hemiheads were dissected in a practical class following the methodology indicated in the literature. As expected, after emerging from the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve subdivided into the dorsal and ventral buccal branches in all animals. However, in 6.66% of the hemiheads, the dorsal branch perforated longitudinally the parotid lymph node parenchyma. We concluded that even with a low rate of occurrence, anatomical variations of the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve may be present in sheep. This knowledge is of essential importance because subsequent traumatic and/or inflammatory changes can cause neural compression and compromise the innervation of the face, leading to semiological and diagnostic confusion.(AU)

O nervo facial é, indiscutivelmente, um dos mais importantes para aqueles profissionais que trabalham diretamente com a saúde oral. Sabendo que a disposição e topografia do nervo facial são de importância crítica para a prática médica, objetivou-se relatar um caso de variação anatômica em que o ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial perfurou o parênquima do linfonodo parotídeo em duas hemicabeças de Ovis aries. As regiões infratemporal e facial de 30 hemicabeças foram dissecadas e conforme esperado, após emergir pelo forame estilomastóideo o nervo facial subdividiu-se nos ramos bucal dorsal e bucal ventral em todos os animais, entretanto, em 6,66% das hemicabeças este primeiro ramo perfurou longitudinalmente o parênquima do linfonodo parotídeo. Concluiu-se que, ainda que com uma taxa de ocorrência baixa, variações anatômicas do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial podem estar presentes nos ovinos. Este conhecimento é de essencial importância uma vez que em casos como este as alterações traumáticas e/ou inflamatórias podem causar a compressão neural e comprometimento da inervação da face, possibilitando uma confusão semiológica e diagnóstica.(AU)

Neuropatia periférica focal associada ao linfoma em cães / Focal peripheral neuropathy associated with lymphoma in dogs

Background: Peripheral neuropathies result in sensory, motor or autonomic dysfunctions due to impairment of peripheral spinal or cranial nerves. Neoplasms such as lymphoma are cited as one of the many aetiological causes and it mayaffect the nerve directly, by compression, or indirectly (paraneoplastic) by remote action of the neoplasm located in anextra-neural site. This study aimed to report two cases of cranial nerve neuropathy (trigeminal and facial) associated withcanine lymphoma, contributing to a better understanding of its paraneoplastic effects on the nervous system, as well asthe diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.Cases: Two cases of canine lymphoma associated with possible signs of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy were attendedat the Veterinary Hospital from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HV UFMG). Case 1. A spayed mixed breedbitch, with lethargy and unilateral exophthalmos. Brain computed tomography revealed a retrobulbar mass and cytology wasdiagnostic for extranodal lymphoma. Subsequent to computed tomography, the dog was presented with hypotrophy of thefacial musculature and difficulty in grasping food, consistent with trigeminal nerve palsy, which resolved after institutionof the 19-week chemotherapy protocol from the University of Wisconsin. Nevertheless, disease reccurred and a rescueprotocol was initiated. Case 2. A female Dalmatian, spayed, was diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma, after cytologyof the left mandibular lymph node. Chemotherapy was initiated with the same protocol of the previous case. However,the disease progressed and it was observed facial asymmetry with ptosis of the left eyelid, pina and lips, in addition todifficulty in grasping food, suggesting facial and trigeminal cranial nerve palsy. Clinical signs resolved after institutionof a rescue chemotherapy protocol. However, in both cases, disease progression and poor clinical condition resulted in...

Neuropatia periférica focal associada ao linfoma em cães / Focal peripheral neuropathy associated with lymphoma in dogs

Background: Peripheral neuropathies result in sensory, motor or autonomic dysfunctions due to impairment of peripheral spinal or cranial nerves. Neoplasms such as lymphoma are cited as one of the many aetiological causes and it mayaffect the nerve directly, by compression, or indirectly (paraneoplastic) by remote action of the neoplasm located in anextra-neural site. This study aimed to report two cases of cranial nerve neuropathy (trigeminal and facial) associated withcanine lymphoma, contributing to a better understanding of its paraneoplastic effects on the nervous system, as well asthe diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.Cases: Two cases of canine lymphoma associated with possible signs of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy were attendedat the Veterinary Hospital from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HV UFMG). Case 1. A spayed mixed breedbitch, with lethargy and unilateral exophthalmos. Brain computed tomography revealed a retrobulbar mass and cytology wasdiagnostic for extranodal lymphoma. Subsequent to computed tomography, the dog was presented with hypotrophy of thefacial musculature and difficulty in grasping food, consistent with trigeminal nerve palsy, which resolved after institutionof the 19-week chemotherapy protocol from the University of Wisconsin. Nevertheless, disease reccurred and a rescueprotocol was initiated. Case 2. A female Dalmatian, spayed, was diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma, after cytologyof the left mandibular lymph node. Chemotherapy was initiated with the same protocol of the previous case. However,the disease progressed and it was observed facial asymmetry with ptosis of the left eyelid, pina and lips, in addition todifficulty in grasping food, suggesting facial and trigeminal cranial nerve palsy. Clinical signs resolved after institutionof a rescue chemotherapy protocol. However, in both cases, disease progression and poor clinical condition resulted in...(AU)

Clinical, cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of a T-Zone lymphoma in a mixed-breed dog

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma are a group of lymphoid neoplasms originating from the proliferation of precursors or mature, T, B and/or NK lymphocytes. T-Zone lymphoma (TZL) is characterized as an indolent lymphoma due to its slow progression and poor chemotherapy’s response. Dogs affected by this neoplasm may live for many years without clinical signs and are often underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to report a TZL case in a 9-year-old male mixed breed dog, submitted to clinical follow-up and chemotherapy. Case: A 9-year-old male mixed-breed dog was presented due to the observation of an increased left mandibular lymph node. The previous cytological examination was suggestive of reactive hyperplasia and histopathological examination, by incisional biopsy, compatible with lymphocytic low-grade lymphoma. Physical examination revealed enlarged and firm left mandibular lymph node and adequate physical condition. A cytological examination was performed on the mandibular and both popliteal lymph nodes and revealed many small lymphocytes with hyperchromatic chromatin, rarely evident nucleolus and whose cytoplasm often projected in the form of a “hand-mirror” or “comet tail”, compatible with lymphocytic lymphoma (low grade) and suggestive of TZL, in the three assessed lymph nodes. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, of the mandibular lymph node were chosen to confirm the diagnosis. In histopathology it was observed that 40% of the sample contained a monotonous cell population, composed by small lymphocytes, with some presenting “hand-mirror” morphology. Two mitotic figures were evidenced per field of high magnification (40x), inferring a low-grade disease. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed neoplastic proliferation with immunolabeling of CD3 lymphocytes and positivity for Ki-67 in 48% of neoplastic cells, but negative for CD20, CD79a, CD45, MUM-1 and...

Clinical, cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of a T-Zone lymphoma in a mixed-breed dog

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma are a group of lymphoid neoplasms originating from the proliferation of precursors or mature, T, B and/or NK lymphocytes. T-Zone lymphoma (TZL) is characterized as an indolent lymphoma due to its slow progression and poor chemotherapys response. Dogs affected by this neoplasm may live for many years without clinical signs and are often underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to report a TZL case in a 9-year-old male mixed breed dog, submitted to clinical follow-up and chemotherapy. Case: A 9-year-old male mixed-breed dog was presented due to the observation of an increased left mandibular lymph node. The previous cytological examination was suggestive of reactive hyperplasia and histopathological examination, by incisional biopsy, compatible with lymphocytic low-grade lymphoma. Physical examination revealed enlarged and firm left mandibular lymph node and adequate physical condition. A cytological examination was performed on the mandibular and both popliteal lymph nodes and revealed many small lymphocytes with hyperchromatic chromatin, rarely evident nucleolus and whose cytoplasm often projected in the form of a “hand-mirror” or “comet tail”, compatible with lymphocytic lymphoma (low grade) and suggestive of TZL, in the three assessed lymph nodes. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, of the mandibular lymph node were chosen to confirm the diagnosis. In histopathology it was observed that 40% of the sample contained a monotonous cell population, composed by small lymphocytes, with some presenting “hand-mirror” morphology. Two mitotic figures were evidenced per field of high magnification (40x), inferring a low-grade disease. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed neoplastic proliferation with immunolabeling of CD3 lymphocytes and positivity for Ki-67 in 48% of neoplastic cells, but negative for CD20, CD79a, CD45, MUM-1 and...(AU)

Morphological aspects of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla

Background: The giant anteater is a Xenarthra of the Myrmecophagidae family. It is classified in Brazil as vulnerablespecie, however, in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul it is probably extinct. In an attempt to contribute to the preservation of the species, many injured animals are referred for treatment and rehabilitation, but the lack of information aboutmorphology may hinder a more efficient clinical-surgical approach. The knowledge on the topography, dimensions andmorphology of lymph nodes of a given species is essential for medical practice. The aim of this study was to identify anddescribe the general morphology of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla.Materials, Methods & Results: Ten cadavers of adult Myrmecophaga tridactyla were used in this study. They were fixedand preserved with 10% formaldehyde solution and dissected throughout their length to locate their superficial lymphnodes. Lymph nodes of each center were removed for mesoscopic analysis. Measurements of width, length and thicknesswere obtained by a digital caliper. The superficial lymph nodes observed in the head were the mandibular and the intermandibular, while in the neck were identified superficial cervical and deep cervical lymph nodes. In the thoracic limbs,the axillary and the axillary accessory lymph nodes were present. In the pelvic limbs just one lymph node, the femoral,was observed, located in the thick subcutaneous fascia of the medial surface of the thigh. The main anatomical differencesfound in the lymph nodes of M. tridactyla are the absence of parotid, popliteal and subiliac lymph nodes and the presenceof intermandibular lymph nodes and the developed femoral lymph nodes, which are unique in the pelvic limbs of this species. Moreover, some superficial lymph nodes were formed by several small lymph nodes, forming clusters, as observedin the proper and accessory axillary and femoral...

Morphological aspects of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla

Background: The giant anteater is a Xenarthra of the Myrmecophagidae family. It is classified in Brazil as vulnerablespecie, however, in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul it is probably extinct. In an attempt to contribute to the preservation of the species, many injured animals are referred for treatment and rehabilitation, but the lack of information aboutmorphology may hinder a more efficient clinical-surgical approach. The knowledge on the topography, dimensions andmorphology of lymph nodes of a given species is essential for medical practice. The aim of this study was to identify anddescribe the general morphology of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla.Materials, Methods & Results: Ten cadavers of adult Myrmecophaga tridactyla were used in this study. They were fixedand preserved with 10% formaldehyde solution and dissected throughout their length to locate their superficial lymphnodes. Lymph nodes of each center were removed for mesoscopic analysis. Measurements of width, length and thicknesswere obtained by a digital caliper. The superficial lymph nodes observed in the head were the mandibular and the intermandibular, while in the neck were identified superficial cervical and deep cervical lymph nodes. In the thoracic limbs,the axillary and the axillary accessory lymph nodes were present. In the pelvic limbs just one lymph node, the femoral,was observed, located in the thick subcutaneous fascia of the medial surface of the thigh. The main anatomical differencesfound in the lymph nodes of M. tridactyla are the absence of parotid, popliteal and subiliac lymph nodes and the presenceof intermandibular lymph nodes and the developed femoral lymph nodes, which are unique in the pelvic limbs of this species. Moreover, some superficial lymph nodes were formed by several small lymph nodes, forming clusters, as observedin the proper and accessory axillary and femoral...(AU)

Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Metastático Em Canino Relato De Caso / Transmissible Venereal Tumor Metastatic Canine - Case Report / Tumor Venéreo Transmisible Metastásico En Canino - Informe De Caso

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT) metastático diagnosticado em um cão macho, raça pinscher, de 7 anos, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Campina Grande. O animal apresentava linfoadenomegalia de mandibulares, axilares, cervicais e inguinais, bem como ulceração dos linfonodos cervical direito e inguinal esquerdo. Alterações genitais não foram observadas. O exame citológico foi positivo para TVT. A associação dos sinais clínicos, histórico e citologia positiva permitiram o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de TVT metástatico. O tratamento realizado foi a quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina na dose de 0,025mg/kg com intervalo de 7 dias e, após cinco aplicações, o animal apresentou aparente cura.(AU)

The present study aims to report a case of metastatic transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) diagnosed in a 7-year-old male dog, pinscher, at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Campina Grande. The animal had lymphadenomegaly of the mandibular, axillary, cervical and inguinal regions, as well as ulceration of the right cervical and left inguinal lymph nodes. Genital changes were not observed. The cytological examination was positive for TVT. The association of clinical signs, history and positive cytology allowed the diagnosis of metastatic VTT to be established. The treatment was chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate at the dose of 0.025mg / kg with interval of 7 days and, after five applications, the animal presented an apparent cure.(AU)

Este estudio tiene por objeto informar de un caso de tumor venéreo transmisible metastásico (TVT) diagnosticado en un perro macho, raza pinscher, de 7 años, el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad de Campina Grande. El animal tenía linfadenopatía mandibular, axilar, cervical y inguinal y ulceración de los ganglios linfáticos cervicales inguinal derecha y izquierda. No se observaron cambios genitales. El examen citológico fue positivo para TVT. La asociación de los signos clínicos, la historia y la citología positiva permitió el establecimiento de diagnóstico de TVT metastásico. El tratamiento fue la quimioterapia con sulfato de vincristina en una dosis de 0,025mg / kg con intervalos de 7 días y después de cinco aplicaciones, el animal mostró aparente cura.(AU)

Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Metastático Em Canino Relato De Caso / Transmissible Venereal Tumor Metastatic Canine - Case Report / Tumor Venéreo Transmisible Metastásico En Canino - Informe De Caso

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT) metastático diagnosticado em um cão macho, raça pinscher, de 7 anos, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Campina Grande. O animal apresentava linfoadenomegalia de mandibulares, axilares, cervicais e inguinais, bem como ulceração dos linfonodos cervical direito e inguinal esquerdo. Alterações genitais não foram observadas. O exame citológico foi positivo para TVT. A associação dos sinais clínicos, histórico e citologia positiva permitiram o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de TVT metástatico. O tratamento realizado foi a quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina na dose de 0,025mg/kg com intervalo de 7 dias e, após cinco aplicações, o animal apresentou aparente cura.

The present study aims to report a case of metastatic transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) diagnosed in a 7-year-old male dog, pinscher, at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Campina Grande. The animal had lymphadenomegaly of the mandibular, axillary, cervical and inguinal regions, as well as ulceration of the right cervical and left inguinal lymph nodes. Genital changes were not observed. The cytological examination was positive for TVT. The association of clinical signs, history and positive cytology allowed the diagnosis of metastatic VTT to be established. The treatment was chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate at the dose of 0.025mg / kg with interval of 7 days and, after five applications, the animal presented an apparent cure.

Este estudio tiene por objeto informar de un caso de tumor venéreo transmisible metastásico (TVT) diagnosticado en un perro macho, raza pinscher, de 7 años, el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad de Campina Grande. El animal tenía linfadenopatía mandibular, axilar, cervical y inguinal y ulceración de los ganglios linfáticos cervicales inguinal derecha y izquierda. No se observaron cambios genitales. El examen citológico fue positivo para TVT. La asociación de los signos clínicos, la historia y la citología positiva permitió el establecimiento de diagnóstico de TVT metastásico. El tratamiento fue la quimioterapia con sulfato de vincristina en una dosis de 0,025mg / kg con intervalos de 7 días y después de cinco aplicaciones, el animal mostró aparente cura.

Frequency, serotyping and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella from feces and lymph nodes of pigs / Isolamento, sorotipagem e padrões de resistência a antimicrobianos de Salmonella em fezes e linfonodos de suínos

Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella, being pigs and pork-products potentially important for its occurrence. In recent decades, some serovars of Salmonella have shown increase of resistance to conventional antimicrobials used in human and animal therapy, with serious risks for public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate feces (n=50), mediastinal (n=50), mesenteric (n=50) and mandibular (n=50) lymph nodes obtained from slaughter houses for Salmonella spp. Positive samples were serotyped and subjected to an in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Salmonella species were identified in 10% (20/200) of total samples. From these, 20% (10/50) were identified in the submandibular lymph nodes, 18% (9/50) in the mesenteric lymph nodes, 2% (1/50) in feces and 0% (0/50) in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The serotypes found were Salonella Typhimurium (55%), S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,5,12: i: - (35%), S. Brandenburg and S. Derby with 5% (5% each). All strains showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial; 90% were resistant to four or more antimicrobials, and 15% were multidrug-resistant. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid was particularly prevalent amongst the tested serovars. Here, we highlighted the impact of pigs in the epidemiological chain of salmonellosis in domestic animals and humans, as well as the high antimicrobial resistance rates of Salmonella strains, reinforcing the necessity for responsible use of antimicrobials for animals as an emergent One Health issue, and to keep these drugs for human therapy approaches.(AU)

Nas últimas décadas, o aumento de cepas circulante de Salmonella concomitantemente a resistência microbiana tem despertado a preocupação dos órgãos de Saúde Pública. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi pesquisar a presença de Salmonella a partir de fezes (n=50), linfonodos mediastinos (n=50), mesentéricos (n=50) e submandibular (n=50) oriundos de um abatedouro suíno. As cepas isoladas foram sorotipadas e testadas quanto a resistência antimicrobiana. A presença de Salmonella isolada foram em 10% (20/200) do total de amostras, sendo 20% dos linfonodos submandibulares, 18% dos linfonodos mesentéricos e 2% das fezes. Os sorotipos encontrados foram S. Typhimurium (55%), S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,5,12: i: - (35%), S. Brandenburg (5%) e S. Derby (5%). Todas a cepas apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um antimicrobiano testado, sendo 90% resistente pelo menos quatro antimicrobianos. Destes, 15% foram classificadas como multidrogas resistentes. Os antimicrobianos mais resistentes entre os sorovares isolados foram a ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina e o ácido nalidixico. A presença de cepas de Salmonella resistente a antimicrobianos na espécie suína tem gerado um grande impacto epidemiológico entre homem e animal, reforçando cada vez mais a necessidade do uso adequado de drogas principalmente relacionado com o tema "One Health".(AU)

Frequency, serotyping and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella from feces and lymph nodes of pigs / Isolamento, sorotipagem e padrões de resistência a antimicrobianos de Salmonella em fezes e linfonodos de suínos

Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella, being pigs and pork-products potentially important for its occurrence. In recent decades, some serovars of Salmonella have shown increase of resistance to conventional antimicrobials used in human and animal therapy, with serious risks for public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate feces (n=50), mediastinal (n=50), mesenteric (n=50) and mandibular (n=50) lymph nodes obtained from slaughter houses for Salmonella spp. Positive samples were serotyped and subjected to an in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Salmonella species were identified in 10% (20/200) of total samples. From these, 20% (10/50) were identified in the submandibular lymph nodes, 18% (9/50) in the mesenteric lymph nodes, 2% (1/50) in feces and 0% (0/50) in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The serotypes found were Salmonella Typhimurium (55%), S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,5,12: i: - (35%), S. Brandenburg and S. Derby with 5% (5% each). All strains showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial; 90% were resistant to four or more antimicrobials, and 15% were multidrug-resistant. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid was particularly prevalent amongst the tested serovars. Here, we highlighted the impact of pigs in the epidemiological chain of salmonellosis in domestic animals and humans, as well as the high antimicrobial resistance rates of Salmonella strains, reinforcing the necessity for responsible use of antimicrobials for animals as an emergent One Health issue, and to keep these drugs for human therapy approaches.(AU)

Nas últimas décadas, o aumento de cepas circulante de Salmonella concomitantemente a resistência microbiana tem despertado a preocupação dos órgãos de Saúde Pública. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi pesquisar a presença de Salmonella a partir de fezes (n=50), linfonodos mediastinos (n=50), mesentéricos (n=50) e submandibular (n=50) oriundos de um abatedouro suíno. As cepas isoladas foram sorotipadas e testadas quanto a resistência antimicrobiana. A presença de Salmonella isolada foram em 10% (20/200) do total de amostras, sendo 20% dos linfonodos submandibulares, 18% dos linfonodos mesentéricos e 2% das fezes. Os sorotipos encontrados foram S. Typhimurium (55%), S. enterica subsp. enterica 4,5,12: i: - (35%), S. Brandenburg (5%) e S. Derby (5%). Todas a cepas apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um antimicrobiano testado, sendo 90% resistente pelo menos quatro antimicrobianos. Destes, 15% foram classificadas como multidrogas resistentes. Os antimicrobianos mais resistentes entre os sorovares isolados foram a ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina e o ácido nalidixico. A presença de cepas de Salmonella resistente a antimicrobianos na espécie suína tem gerado um grande impacto epidemiológico entre homem e animal, reforçando cada vez mais a necessidade do uso adequado de drogas principalmente relacionado com o tema One Health.(AU)

A utilização da radioterapia como terapia adjuvante no tratamento do melanoma oral em um cão / Radiation Therapy as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Melanoma in a Dog

Background: Canine oral melanoma is highly aggressive, with an infi ltrative and metastatic behavior. The staging scheme for dogs with oral melanoma is primarily based on size, with stage I = < 2 cm diameter tumor, stage II = 2 cm to < 4 cm diameter tumor, stage III = 4 cm or greater tumor and/or lymph node metastasis and stage IV = distant metastasis. Surgery and radiation therapy are commonly used for local treatment of oral melanoma. Surgery must be aggressive and wide excision, such as partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy, can be declined by owners. Median survival times for dogs with oral melanoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy is approximately seventeen, five and three months with stage I, II and III disease, respectively. Radiation therapy plays a role in the local treatment of canine melanoma when the tumor is not surgically resectable, the tumor has been removed with incomplete margins and/or the melanoma has metastasized to local lymph nodes without further distant metastasis. Case: A dog with stage III oral melanoma was treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The protocol consisted of three 8 gy radiation fractions (days 0, 7 and 21) delivered by an orthovoltage unit. Energy of 120 kV, 15 mA e 2 mm aluminum filter were used. Collimator size was 6 x 8 cm and source to skin distance was 30 cm. Dose rate was 187 cgy/minute delivered at 1 cm tissue depth, with the animal positioned in left recumbency. Treatment field included visible tumor plus a three cm margin. Lead sheets of 2 mm thickness were used to protect normal tissues around tumor. The dog was anesthetized with propofol (5 mg/kg EV) for correct position every radiation fraction. The chemotherapy consisted of four cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m2 intravenously) administered every 21 days. The radiation therapy was well tolerated, and the only acute reaction observed in the irradiated field was epilation. The tumor had a partial remission of about 90% of the lesion, which was stable for six months. Discussion: The reported dog had a mandibular melanoma greater than 4 cm diameter with no evidence of regional or distant metastasis, and was diagnosed as having stage III disease. The animal was referred for radiation therapy because of non-acceptance of the owner to carry out the hemimandibulectomy, believing that the animal would have decreased quality of life to have a short survival even with surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy was delivered with palliative intention to reduce tumor size and animal discomfort. With radiation therapy and chemotherapy, survival time was six months, exceeding the median survival for patients with stage III treated with wide surgical excision and chemotherapy (that would be three months), without showing side effects that diminish its quality of life. Systemic chemotherapy was used in the reported case with the purposes of acting as a radiopotentiation agent and delaying development of metastasis. Carboplatin has been used as radiopotentiation agent because it interferes with DNA synthesis. In the reported case, chemotherapy was well tolerated. Common radiation side effects include stomatitis, glossitis, skin epilation, erythema and desquamation. In the reported dog, treatment was very well tolerated, and only skin epilation was observed. Radiation therapy can be considered as an alternative option for oral melanoma when wide surgical resection is declined by owners.

Carcinoma de células escamosas na glândula salivar em felino doméstico / Squamous cell carcinoma of the salivary gland in domestic cat

As neoplasias em cavidade oral ocupam o quarto local de maior incidência de tumores em cães e gatos,sendo o carcinoma de maior incidência na espécie felina. Entretanto, as glândulas salivares são raramenteacometidas por esta afecção, porém, quando ocorre, as mais acometidas são a mandibular e a parótida.O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de um felino, sem raça definida, macho, com 11anos de idade, atendido do HCV-UFRGS, o qual apresentava um aumento de volume submandibular háquatro meses e que nos últimos 20 dias estava crescendo progressivamente. Os sinais clínicos observadosforam disfagia, sialorréia e perda de peso. Após o exame clínico, foi indicado a realização de examescomplementares, destacando-se a radiografia do crânio e exame citológico do local afetado, os quaisrevelaram radioluscência do ramo horizontal mandibular direito e presença de células compatível comcarcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) de glândula salivar, respectivamente. Realizou-se o tratamentocirúrgico com ressecção em bloco da glândula salivar em conjunto com o ramo mandibular afetado, alémdo linfonodo mandibular, que encontrava-se aumentado. Decorrido dois meses do procedimento, houverecidiva local do tumor e o proprietário optou pela realização da eutanásia.(AU)

Cancer in oral cavity occupies the fourth place of the highest incident tumors in dogs and cats, andcarcinoma is most incident in the feline species. However, the salivary glands are rarely affected by thisdisease, but when it does, the most affected are mandibular and parotid glands. We report a case of a cat,mixed breed, male, 11 years old, accepted in HCV-UFRGS, with submandibular swelling for four monthsand about the last 20 days it was growing progressively. Clinical signs were dysphagia, drooling andweight loss. After clinical examination, he was submitted to additional tests, especially X-ray of the skulland cytological examination of affected region. X-ray revealed radiolucency of the right mandibular horizontalbranch and cytological examination indicated the presence of cells consistent with carcinoma ofthe salivary gland. Surgery was performed through bloc resection of the salivary gland, in conjunctionwith the affected ramus and mandibular lymph node, which was enlarged. Two months after proceeding,tumor had recurred locally and the owner chose to proceed with euthanasia.(AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas na glândula salivar em felino doméstico / Squamous cell carcinoma of the salivary gland in domestic cat

As neoplasias em cavidade oral ocupam o quarto local de maior incidência de tumores em cães e gatos,sendo o carcinoma de maior incidência na espécie felina. Entretanto, as glândulas salivares são raramenteacometidas por esta afecção, porém, quando ocorre, as mais acometidas são a mandibular e a parótida.O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de um felino, sem raça definida, macho, com 11anos de idade, atendido do HCV-UFRGS, o qual apresentava um aumento de volume submandibular háquatro meses e que nos últimos 20 dias estava crescendo progressivamente. Os sinais clínicos observadosforam disfagia, sialorréia e perda de peso. Após o exame clínico, foi indicado a realização de examescomplementares, destacando-se a radiografia do crânio e exame citológico do local afetado, os quaisrevelaram radioluscência do ramo horizontal mandibular direito e presença de células compatível comcarcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) de glândula salivar, respectivamente. Realizou-se o tratamentocirúrgico com ressecção em bloco da glândula salivar em conjunto com o ramo mandibular afetado, alémdo linfonodo mandibular, que encontrava-se aumentado. Decorrido dois meses do procedimento, houverecidiva local do tumor e o proprietário optou pela realização da eutanásia.

Cancer in oral cavity occupies the fourth place of the highest incident tumors in dogs and cats, andcarcinoma is most incident in the feline species. However, the salivary glands are rarely affected by thisdisease, but when it does, the most affected are mandibular and parotid glands. We report a case of a cat,mixed breed, male, 11 years old, accepted in HCV-UFRGS, with submandibular swelling for four monthsand about the last 20 days it was growing progressively. Clinical signs were dysphagia, drooling andweight loss. After clinical examination, he was submitted to additional tests, especially X-ray of the skulland cytological examination of affected region. X-ray revealed radiolucency of the right mandibular horizontalbranch and cytological examination indicated the presence of cells consistent with carcinoma ofthe salivary gland. Surgery was performed through bloc resection of the salivary gland, in conjunctionwith the affected ramus and mandibular lymph node, which was enlarged. Two months after proceeding,tumor had recurred locally and the owner chose to proceed with euthanasia.

Presença de Salmonella sp. no trato intestinal e em tonsilas/linfonodos submandibulares de suínos ao abate / Presence of Salmonella sp. in the intestinal tract and tonsils/mandibular lymph nodes in pigs at slaughter

Estudou-se a associação entre o isolamento de Salmonella sp. do trato intestinal de suínos ao abate e sua presença em tonsilas/linfonodos submandibulares (T/LS), utilizadas no preparo de embutidos. Colheram-se linfonodos mesentéricos (LM), conteúdo intestinal (CI) e T/LS de 90 animais. Em 71 (79%) deles isolou-se Salmonella sp. em pelo menos uma das amostras coletadas. Observou-se associação entre amostras de T/LS positivas e isolamento de Salmonella sp. a partir de LM e/ou CI (P<0,001), com odds ratioLTpositivo 5,6. T/LS de outros 75 animais foram processados separadamente, verificando-se associação (P< 0,0001) entre T/LS e isolamento de Salmonella. Os sorovares mais encontrados foram Typhimurium e Bredeney. Conclui-se que a presença de Salmonella sp. no trato gastrintestinal é fator de risco para a contaminação de partes da carcaça utilizadas na fabricação de embutidos.(AU)

The association between Salmonella sp. isolated from the intestinal tract of pigs at slaughter and its presence in tonsils/mandibular lymph nodes (T/MDL) used in the sausage manufacture was assessed. In a trial mesenteric lymph nodes (LM), intestinal contents (IC) and T/MDL were collected from 90 animals. Salmonella sp. was isolated from 71 (79%) animals in at least one of the samples. T/MDL contaminated samples were correlated with Salmonella sp. isolated from LM and/or IC (P<0.001), with odds ratioLTpositive 5.6. In other trial, T/MDL of 75 animals processed separately, were associated with isolation of Salmonella sp (P< 0.0001). The serovars more prevalent were Typhimurium and Bredeney. It was concluded that Salmonella sp. presence in the intestinal tract is a risk factor for contamination of the portions of carcasses used in sausage manufacture.(AU)