Bycatch of Asteroidea from shrimp trawl fishery in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean ­ Brazil

Shrimp trawling is considered a significant negative impact on the marine ecosystem, especially on the benthic community. Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are one of the most affected groups by unintentional catches. This study was performed at the Santana Archipelago, a Marine Protected Area in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro State, between 2008-2009. Sea stars accidentally caught by trawling were collected during open and closed season of the shrimp fisheries (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) at depths of 5-60 m. A generalized linear zero-inflated model was applied to test for differences in capture between fishing seasons and depths. A total of 158 sea star specimens were captured. These specimens were identified as Asterina stellifera, Astropecten acutiradiatus, Astropecten brasiliensis, Astropecten cingulatus, Luidia alternata alternata, Luidia clathrata, Luidia ludwigi scotti, Luidia senegalensis. The sea stars A. brasiliensis and L. senegalensis are currently considered as vulnerable species in the Brazilian official list of threatened species. The higher capture of sea stars was shown in deepest areas, and there was no significant difference in the number of specimens between seasons. This is the first study about asteroids accidentally captured by shrimp trawling.(AU)

Apparent digestibility of protein and essential aminoacids from commonly used feed ingredients in Brazil for juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

- This study determined the apparent digestibility for crude protein (ACPD) and essential aminoacids (AEAAD) of ingredients for Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing soy protein concentrate (SPC), corn gluten meal (CGM), poultry byproduct meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), spray-dried blood meal (DBM), tilapia byproduct meal (TBM), Brazilian marine fish meal (BFM), salmon byproduct meal (SLM), and krill meal (KRM). Digestibility was estimated using chromic oxide as a marker in a reference (REF) mixture. Shrimp of 6-8 g body weight were reared over three separate experimental stages lasting 29-30 days each. Shrimp survival exceeded 96% and was unaffected by test ingredient. The ACPD ranged from 66.7% for a diet containing DBM to 84.2% for the REF diet. Higher ACPD were observed for aquatic compared with plant and terrestrial animal byproducts. Aside from SPC (79.3%), ACPD for CGM was low at 47.5%. Among terrestrial animal byproducts, ACPD was higher for MBM compared with PBM, DBM, and HFM (71.2, 62.8, 48.6, and 45.9%, respectively). With the exception of BFM (59.7%), ACPD for all other aquatic proteins was high (KRM, 84.3%; TBM, 83.3%; SLM, 78.9%). Aquatic proteins have higher crude protein (CP) and essential aminoacid (EAA) digestibility for shrimp. Ingredients SLM, SPC, TBM, and KRM are preferable in feeds for the whiteleg shrimp since they carry a high CP and EAA content (>600 g kg−1) combined with ADC near or in excess of 80%.(AU)

Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969 (Crustacea: Caridea: Palaemonidae) associated with the sea urchin Astropyga magnifica Clark, 1934 (Echinoidea: Diadematidae) in the Alcatraz Archipelago, southeastern Brazil

The caridean shrimp Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969, is reported from the Alcatraz Archipelago (24°S, off the coast of southeastern Brazil) in association with the sea urchin Astropyga magnifica Clark, 1934. This finding significantly increases the known range of this species from 20°S to 24°S. An overview of the species in Tuleariocaris with their respective associated host sea urchins is provided.(AU)

Target hazard quotient evaluation of selected trace elements in highly consumed crustacean species in Lagos, Nigeria

Crustaceans are known for their trace element bioaccumulation abilities. Muscle tissues of lagoon crab, marine crab, pink shrimp and mantis shrimp marketed for consumption in Nigeria were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Hg and Cr levels using standard methods. Muscle levels in mg kg-1 of Mn (0.03±0.00 in lagoon crab), Fe (0.072±0.01 in mantis shrimp), Cu (0.344±0.01 in lagoon crab) and Zn (0.073±0.00 in mantis shrimp) were significantly different (p Cu > Zn > Fe > Mn > Cr. Lagoon crab showed the highest total hazard index among the organisms with 44.80 %, while the least was observed in mantis shrimp with 13.30 %. It is concluded that, as far as human health is concerned, the mean elemental levels in the muscle tissues of the organisms examined pose no danger (THQ < 1).

Target hazard quotient evaluation of selected trace elements in highly consumed crustacean species in Lagos, Nigeria

Crustaceans are known for their trace element bioaccumulation abilities. Muscle tissues of lagoon crab, marine crab, pink shrimp and mantis shrimp marketed for consumption in Nigeria were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Hg and Cr levels using standard methods. Muscle levels in mg kg-1 of Mn (0.03±0.00 in lagoon crab), Fe (0.072±0.01 in mantis shrimp), Cu (0.344±0.01 in lagoon crab) and Zn (0.073±0.00 in mantis shrimp) were significantly different (p<0.05) from their corresponding values in other examined crustaceans. The mean values of Cr and Hg were not significantly different across samples. The estimated daily intake of trace element (mg person-1day-1) revealed that Hg (0.000001) in marine crab contributed the lowest daily intake while Zn (0.000226) in lagoon crab contributed the highest daily intake. Total hazard quotient (THQ) values for the trace elements followed descending order of Hg > Cu > Zn > Fe > Mn > Cr. Lagoon crab showed the highest total hazard index among the organisms with 44.80 %, while the least was observed in mantis shrimp with 13.30 %. It is concluded that, as far as human health is concerned, the mean elemental levels in the muscle tissues of the organisms examined pose no danger (THQ < 1).(AU)

The influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices in small-scale shrimp fishery / A influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa na pesca de camarões de pequena escala

The aim of this scientific note was to evaluate the influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices for small-scale marine shrimp trawling to indicate the best relative abundance index to be used for stock assessment and conservation. Georeferenced experimental trawls were carried out with standardized equipment and capture time on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Drags followed convergent and divergent orientations in relation to the flow of the local coastal current. The results showed that the direction of the coastal current flow directly influences the distances and drag shifts, generating variations in the sampling effort and, consequently, bias when using Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) as a relative abundance index. Conversely, the adoption of Catch per Unit of Swept Area (CPUA) as an index of relative abundance for shrimp trawling becomes more suitable since the variations in the distances of trawl shifts are perceptible through this index.

O objetivo desta nota foi avaliar a influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa para a pesca de arrasto de camarão marinho em pequena escala, a fim de indicar o melhor índice de abundância relativa a ser usado para avaliação e conservação de estoque. Pescarias de arrasto experimentais e georreferenciadas foram realizadas com equipamentos e tempos de captura padronizados no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. Os arrastos seguiram orientações convergentes e divergentes ao fluxo da corrente litorânea local. Os resultados mostraram que a direção do fluxo da corrente costeira influencia diretamente na distância e no deslocamento de arrasto, gerando variações no esforço amostral e, consequentemente, viés ao utilizar Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) como índice de abundância relativa. Por outro lado, a adoção da Captura por Unidade de Área (CPUA) como um índice de abundância relativa para o arrasto de camarão torna-se mais adequada, uma vez que as variações nas distâncias de deslocamento dos arrastos são perceptíveis por este índice.

The influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices in small-scale shrimp fishery / A influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa na pesca de camarões de pequena escala

The aim of this scientific note was to evaluate the influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices for small-scale marine shrimp trawling to indicate the best relative abundance index to be used for stock assessment and conservation. Georeferenced experimental trawls were carried out with standardized equipment and capture time on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Drags followed convergent and divergent orientations in relation to the flow of the local coastal current. The results showed that the direction of the coastal current flow directly influences the distances and drag shifts, generating variations in the sampling effort and, consequently, bias when using Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) as a relative abundance index. Conversely, the adoption of Catch per Unit of Swept Area (CPUA) as an index of relative abundance for shrimp trawling becomes more suitable since the variations in the distances of trawl shifts are perceptible through this index.(AU)

O objetivo desta nota foi avaliar a influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa para a pesca de arrasto de camarão marinho em pequena escala, a fim de indicar o melhor índice de abundância relativa a ser usado para avaliação e conservação de estoque. Pescarias de arrasto experimentais e georreferenciadas foram realizadas com equipamentos e tempos de captura padronizados no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. Os arrastos seguiram orientações convergentes e divergentes ao fluxo da corrente litorânea local. Os resultados mostraram que a direção do fluxo da corrente costeira influencia diretamente na distância e no deslocamento de arrasto, gerando variações no esforço amostral e, consequentemente, viés ao utilizar Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) como índice de abundância relativa. Por outro lado, a adoção da Captura por Unidade de Área (CPUA) como um índice de abundância relativa para o arrasto de camarão torna-se mais adequada, uma vez que as variações nas distâncias de deslocamento dos arrastos são perceptíveis por este índice.(AU)

Yet another record of Scylla serrata Forsskal, 1775 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae) from the western Atlantic

The Indo-Pacific edible swimming crab Scylla serrata is reported here for the fifth time from the western Atlantic including a failed attempt of introduction to Florida for aquaculture purposes in the years 1960’s. The species had been recorded from Brazil in the early 1980’s and in 2011 and from the Caribbean coast of Colombia in 2013. The capture of a third specimen in southeastern Brazil on 24 August 2020 is discussed here. On all occasions individuals found in Brazil were adults captured alive near port areas. The occurrence of S. serrata in disparate time periods in the western Atlantic (1983, 2011, 2013 and 2020) is regarded as an indication of low inoculation pressure.

Yet another record of Scylla serrata Forsskal, 1775 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae) from the western Atlantic

The Indo-Pacific edible swimming crab Scylla serrata is reported here for the fifth time from the western Atlantic including a failed attempt of introduction to Florida for aquaculture purposes in the years 1960s. The species had been recorded from Brazil in the early 1980s and in 2011 and from the Caribbean coast of Colombia in 2013. The capture of a third specimen in southeastern Brazil on 24 August 2020 is discussed here. On all occasions individuals found in Brazil were adults captured alive near port areas. The occurrence of S. serrata in disparate time periods in the western Atlantic (1983, 2011, 2013 and 2020) is regarded as an indication of low inoculation pressure.(AU)

Cultivation of the seaweed Ulva spp. witheffluent from a shrimp biofloc rearing system: different species and stocking density / Cultivo da macroalga Ulva spp. com efluente de criação de camarão marinho em bioflocos: diferentes espécies e densidade de estocagem

This work evaluated the use of effluent from a marine shrimp biofloc rearing system to cultivate two species of the green seaweed of the genus Ulva. First, the growth of two Ulva species, U. ohnoi and U. fasciata, was evaluated. Second, the best-performing species was cultivated under two different stocking densities (2 g L-1 and 4 g L-1) to evaluate both growth and nutrient uptake rates, considering total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, and orthophosphate. In both cases, environmental variables were monitored, and the cultivation medium, consisting of 25% biofloc water and 75% seawater, was exchanged weekly. Ulva ohnoi grew significantly better, considering all variables evaluated (p <0.05). The smaller stocking density produced a higher specific growth rate (p <0.05). Yield, however, was unaffected (p ≥0.05). No significant differences in the nutrient uptake rates were observed (p ≥0.05). Overall, this work highlights the importance of species selection for seaweed destined for aquaculture. Additionally, it also optimizes the cultivation of seaweeds, specifically U. ohnoi, using effluent from biofloc systems.

Este trabalho avaliou o uso de água de um cultivo de camarão marinho em bioflocos como fertilizante no cultivo de Ulva. Inicialmente, o crescimento de duas espécies de Ulva, U. ohnoie U. fasciata, foram avaliados. Subsequentemente, a alga com melhor desempenho foi cultivada sob duas densidades de estocagem (2 g L-1 e 4 g L-1), e o crescimento e a absorção de nutrientes (nitrogênio amoniacal total, nitrato e ortofosfato) foram avaliados. Em ambos os casos, variáveis ambientais foram monitoradas e o biofloco na concentração de 25% foi trocado semanalmente. Ulva ohnoi apresentou um crescimento significativamente melhor para todas as variáveis consideradas (p <0,05). A menor densidade de estocagem produziu uma taxa de crescimento específico significativamente maior (p <0,05), embora a produtividade não tenha sido afetada (p ≥0,05). Diferenças significativas na absorção de nutrientes também não foram observadas (p ≥0,05). No geral, este trabalho destaca a importância da seleção de espécies de macroalgas destinadas à aquicultura. Além disso, otimiza a viabilidade de se cultivar macroalgas utilizando água de sistemas de bioflocos.

Cultivation of the seaweed Ulva spp. witheffluent from a shrimp biofloc rearing system: different species and stocking density / Cultivo da macroalga Ulva spp. com efluente de criação de camarão marinho em bioflocos: diferentes espécies e densidade de estocagem

This work evaluated the use of effluent from a marine shrimp biofloc rearing system to cultivate two species of the green seaweed of the genus Ulva. First, the growth of two Ulva species, U. ohnoi and U. fasciata, was evaluated. Second, the best-performing species was cultivated under two different stocking densities (2 g L-1 and 4 g L-1) to evaluate both growth and nutrient uptake rates, considering total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, and orthophosphate. In both cases, environmental variables were monitored, and the cultivation medium, consisting of 25% biofloc water and 75% seawater, was exchanged weekly. Ulva ohnoi grew significantly better, considering all variables evaluated (p <0.05). The smaller stocking density produced a higher specific growth rate (p <0.05). Yield, however, was unaffected (p ≥0.05). No significant differences in the nutrient uptake rates were observed (p ≥0.05). Overall, this work highlights the importance of species selection for seaweed destined for aquaculture. Additionally, it also optimizes the cultivation of seaweeds, specifically U. ohnoi, using effluent from biofloc systems.(AU)

Este trabalho avaliou o uso de água de um cultivo de camarão marinho em bioflocos como fertilizante no cultivo de Ulva. Inicialmente, o crescimento de duas espécies de Ulva, U. ohnoie U. fasciata, foram avaliados. Subsequentemente, a alga com melhor desempenho foi cultivada sob duas densidades de estocagem (2 g L-1 e 4 g L-1), e o crescimento e a absorção de nutrientes (nitrogênio amoniacal total, nitrato e ortofosfato) foram avaliados. Em ambos os casos, variáveis ambientais foram monitoradas e o biofloco na concentração de 25% foi trocado semanalmente. Ulva ohnoi apresentou um crescimento significativamente melhor para todas as variáveis consideradas (p <0,05). A menor densidade de estocagem produziu uma taxa de crescimento específico significativamente maior (p <0,05), embora a produtividade não tenha sido afetada (p ≥0,05). Diferenças significativas na absorção de nutrientes também não foram observadas (p ≥0,05). No geral, este trabalho destaca a importância da seleção de espécies de macroalgas destinadas à aquicultura. Além disso, otimiza a viabilidade de se cultivar macroalgas utilizando água de sistemas de bioflocos.(AU)

Ionic balance of water and physical-chemical properties of soil from marine shrimp farms of the Jaguaruna interior county, Ceará, Brazil / Balanço iônico da água e características físico-químicas do solo de fazendas de camarão marinho do município interiorano de Jaguaruana, Ceará, Brasil

The present work aimed at describing and characterizing the physical-chemical composition and the Na+: K+ and Ca+2: Mg+2 ratios of well waters used to fill L. vannamei culture ponds, belonging to farms located in Jaguaruana, an interior municipality of the State of Ceará, Brazil. Besides that, the study also sought to describe and characterize the physical-chemical properties of soils from the same shrimp farms. Well water and soil samples were taken in four farms, three located in Jaguaruana (Pasta Branca, Sargento and Poró) and one in the municipality of Aracati, which served as a control. Water samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, salinity, total alkalinity, total and calcium hardness, potassium and sodium. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, salinity, potential acidity, phosphorus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, sodium and potassium. The well waters from Aracati, Pasta Branca/Sargento and Poró were classified as euhaline, oligohaline and mesohaline, respectively. The results of pH indicated that liming was necessary in all four farms. All well waters demanded potassium fertilization to compensate for K+ deficiency and to adjust Na: K ratio. It has been concluded that, in the productive management of inland shrimp farms, it is important to monitor not only the Na: K and Ca: Mg ratios of the water, but also the absolute concentrations of each ion.

O presente trabalho teve os seguintes objetivos: 1 - caracterizar a composição físico-química e as relações Na+: K+ e Ca+2: Mg+2 da água de poços profundos utilizados no abastecimento de viveiros de criação de camarão marinho, Litopenaeus vannamei, pertencentes a fazendas do município interiorano de Jaguaruana, Ceará, Brasil; 2 - caracterizar a composição físico-químico do solo das fazendas de camarão de Jaguaruana. Amostras de água e solo foram coletadas em quatro fazendas, três localizadas em Jaguaruana (Pasta Branca, Sargento e Poró) e uma em Aracati, que serviu como controle experimental. As amostras de água foram analisadas para pH, condutividade elétrica, salinidade, clorinidade, alcalinidade total, dureza total e cálcica, potássio e sódio. As amostras de solo foram analisadas quanto ao pH, condutividade elétrica, salinidade, acidez potencial, fósforo, carbono orgânico, nitrogênio total, sódio e potássio. As águas das fazendas de Aracati, Pasta Branca/Sargento e Poró foram classificadas como eurihalina, oligohalinas e mesohalinas, respectivamente. Os resultados de pH da água (6,8 ± 0,2) indicaram a necessidade de calagem em todas as fazendas investigadas. A água de todos os poços demandava a fertilização potássica, tanto para suprir suas concentrações insuficientes, como para ajustar a relação Na: K. Concluiu-se que, no manejo produtivo de fazendas de carcinicultura interior, é importante monitorar não apenas as relações Na: K e Ca: Mg da água, mas também as concentrações absolutas de cada íon.

Ionic balance of water and physical-chemical properties of soil from marine shrimp farms of the Jaguaruna interior county, Ceará, Brazil / Balanço iônico da água e características físico-químicas do solo de fazendas de camarão marinho do município interiorano de Jaguaruana, Ceará, Brasil

The present work aimed at describing and characterizing the physical-chemical composition and the Na+: K+ and Ca+2: Mg+2 ratios of well waters used to fill L. vannamei culture ponds, belonging to farms located in Jaguaruana, an interior municipality of the State of Ceará, Brazil. Besides that, the study also sought to describe and characterize the physical-chemical properties of soils from the same shrimp farms. Well water and soil samples were taken in four farms, three located in Jaguaruana (Pasta Branca, Sargento and Poró) and one in the municipality of Aracati, which served as a control. Water samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, salinity, total alkalinity, total and calcium hardness, potassium and sodium. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, salinity, potential acidity, phosphorus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, sodium and potassium. The well waters from Aracati, Pasta Branca/Sargento and Poró were classified as euhaline, oligohaline and mesohaline, respectively. The results of pH indicated that liming was necessary in all four farms. All well waters demanded potassium fertilization to compensate for K+ deficiency and to adjust Na: K ratio. It has been concluded that, in the productive management of inland shrimp farms, it is important to monitor not only the Na: K and Ca: Mg ratios of the water, but also the absolute concentrations of each ion.(AU)

O presente trabalho teve os seguintes objetivos: 1 - caracterizar a composição físico-química e as relações Na+: K+ e Ca+2: Mg+2 da água de poços profundos utilizados no abastecimento de viveiros de criação de camarão marinho, Litopenaeus vannamei, pertencentes a fazendas do município interiorano de Jaguaruana, Ceará, Brasil; 2 - caracterizar a composição físico-químico do solo das fazendas de camarão de Jaguaruana. Amostras de água e solo foram coletadas em quatro fazendas, três localizadas em Jaguaruana (Pasta Branca, Sargento e Poró) e uma em Aracati, que serviu como controle experimental. As amostras de água foram analisadas para pH, condutividade elétrica, salinidade, clorinidade, alcalinidade total, dureza total e cálcica, potássio e sódio. As amostras de solo foram analisadas quanto ao pH, condutividade elétrica, salinidade, acidez potencial, fósforo, carbono orgânico, nitrogênio total, sódio e potássio. As águas das fazendas de Aracati, Pasta Branca/Sargento e Poró foram classificadas como eurihalina, oligohalinas e mesohalinas, respectivamente. Os resultados de pH da água (6,8 ± 0,2) indicaram a necessidade de calagem em todas as fazendas investigadas. A água de todos os poços demandava a fertilização potássica, tanto para suprir suas concentrações insuficientes, como para ajustar a relação Na: K. Concluiu-se que, no manejo produtivo de fazendas de carcinicultura interior, é importante monitorar não apenas as relações Na: K e Ca: Mg da água, mas também as concentrações absolutas de cada íon.(AU)

Microphytoplankton dynamics in Curuperé Estuary at the amazonian mangrove ecosystem / Dinâmica do microfitoplâncton no estuário do Rio Curuperé em um ecossistema de manguezal amazônico

The aim of this study was to evaluate microphytoplankton dynamics and environmental parameters in the estuary of the Curuperé River, located in an Amazonian mangrove ecosystem. Ten sampling sites, where occupied to obtain surface water samples for qualitative and quantitative microphytoplankton analyses, chlorophyll-a, temperature, turbidity, salinity, and pH. Samplings were conducted in four months: in February, May, August and November/2015; the first two months corresponding to rainy season and the last two to dry season. Significant spatiotemporal differences were observed, for diversity, equitability and specific dominance of the microphytoplankton community. In total, 212 taxa were identified and this community was dominated by Bacillariophyta (149 taxa), followed by Myzozoa (29 taxa). The abundance varied from 7,700 ind L-1, (May, sampling site 1) to 343,800 ind L-1, in August (sampling site 4). The diatom Cymatosira belgica was the dominant species, followed by Dimeregramma minor (major peaks of 180,600 ind L-1 and 120,400 ind L-1, respectively) in August at point 4. Phytoplankton biomass indicates an eutrophic estuary as Chlorophyll-a varied from 13.01 to 112.88 mg m-3, probably due to marine shrimp farm effluents. It was possible to identify species strongly indicative of the environment, through analysis of indicator species (IndVal), and their relations with the...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dinâmica microfitoplanctônica e os parâmetros ambientais no estuário do rio Curuperé, localizado em um ecossistema de manguezal na Amazônia. Foram realizados dez pontos de amostragem, utilizando amostras de água superficial para análises qualitativas (rede com malha de 20 µm) e quantitativa do microfitoplâncton, bem como para determinação de clorofila a, temperatura da água superficial, turbidez, salinidade e pH. As amostragens foram realizadas em quatro meses: fevereiro, maio, agosto e novembro, sendo os dois primeiros correspodentes ao período chuvoso e os dois últimos, ao seco. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os meses e relacionadas à posição ao longo do eixo estuarino para diversidade, eqüitabilidade e dominância específica na comunidade microfitoplanctônica. Foram identificados 212 com dominância de Bacillariophyta (149 taxa), seguido por Myzozoa (29 taxa). O microfitoplâncton variou de 7.700 ind L-1, (maio, ponto 1) a 343.800 ind L-1, em agosto (ponto 4). A diatomácea Cymatosira belgica foi a espécie dominante, seguida por Dimeregramma minor (maiores picos de 180.600 ind L-1 e 120.400 ind L-1, respectivamente) em agosto no ponto 4. Os valores de clorofila a permaneceram altos ao longo do ano variando de 13,01 a 112,88 mg m-3, provavelmente devido aos efluentes de fazenda de camarões marinhos. Foi possível identificar...

Microphytoplankton dynamics in Curuperé Estuary at the amazonian mangrove ecosystem / Dinâmica do microfitoplâncton no estuário do Rio Curuperé em um ecossistema de manguezal amazônico

The aim of this study was to evaluate microphytoplankton dynamics and environmental parameters in the estuary of the Curuperé River, located in an Amazonian mangrove ecosystem. Ten sampling sites, where occupied to obtain surface water samples for qualitative and quantitative microphytoplankton analyses, chlorophyll-a, temperature, turbidity, salinity, and pH. Samplings were conducted in four months: in February, May, August and November/2015; the first two months corresponding to rainy season and the last two to dry season. Significant spatiotemporal differences were observed, for diversity, equitability and specific dominance of the microphytoplankton community. In total, 212 taxa were identified and this community was dominated by Bacillariophyta (149 taxa), followed by Myzozoa (29 taxa). The abundance varied from 7,700 ind L-1, (May, sampling site 1) to 343,800 ind L-1, in August (sampling site 4). The diatom Cymatosira belgica was the dominant species, followed by Dimeregramma minor (major peaks of 180,600 ind L-1 and 120,400 ind L-1, respectively) in August at point 4. Phytoplankton biomass indicates an eutrophic estuary as Chlorophyll-a varied from 13.01 to 112.88 mg m-3, probably due to marine shrimp farm effluents. It was possible to identify species strongly indicative of the environment, through analysis of indicator species (IndVal), and their relations with the...(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dinâmica microfitoplanctônica e os parâmetros ambientais no estuário do rio Curuperé, localizado em um ecossistema de manguezal na Amazônia. Foram realizados dez pontos de amostragem, utilizando amostras de água superficial para análises qualitativas (rede com malha de 20 µm) e quantitativa do microfitoplâncton, bem como para determinação de clorofila a, temperatura da água superficial, turbidez, salinidade e pH. As amostragens foram realizadas em quatro meses: fevereiro, maio, agosto e novembro, sendo os dois primeiros correspodentes ao período chuvoso e os dois últimos, ao seco. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os meses e relacionadas à posição ao longo do eixo estuarino para diversidade, eqüitabilidade e dominância específica na comunidade microfitoplanctônica. Foram identificados 212 com dominância de Bacillariophyta (149 taxa), seguido por Myzozoa (29 taxa). O microfitoplâncton variou de 7.700 ind L-1, (maio, ponto 1) a 343.800 ind L-1, em agosto (ponto 4). A diatomácea Cymatosira belgica foi a espécie dominante, seguida por Dimeregramma minor (maiores picos de 180.600 ind L-1 e 120.400 ind L-1, respectivamente) em agosto no ponto 4. Os valores de clorofila a permaneceram altos ao longo do ano variando de 13,01 a 112,88 mg m-3, provavelmente devido aos efluentes de fazenda de camarões marinhos. Foi possível identificar...(AU)

Sexual and reproductive traits of the pearl oyster shrimp Pontonia margarita (Decapoda: Palemonidae), symbiotically inhabiting the mantle cavity of the rugose pen shell Pinna rugosa (Bivalvia: Pinnidae)

Symbiosis between decapods and mollusks provides a unique opportunity to examine some of the evolutionary strategies employed by marine invertebrates. We describe the sexual and reproductive traits of the pearl oyster shrimp, Pontonia margarita Verril, 1869, found symbiotically inhabiting the mantle cavity of the rugose pen shell, Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835. Solitary males and females (ovigerous and non-ovigerous) and heterosexual pairs (with ovigerous and non-ovigerous females) were found in a total of 47 rugose pen shells collected from a sandy area with seagrass meadows on the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico. The body length (BL) of female P. margarita was correlated with the shell volume of their rugose pen shell host. The sex ratio was female-biased (0.85M:1F). Female P. margarita were larger than their male counterparts in terms of BL, cephalothorax length (CL), and the maximum chelae length of the second pereopod (MCL). The CL and MCL were more strongly correlated for males (r = 0.70, p = 0.01). The number and volume of eggs per ovigerous female varied from 95 to 1,571 and from 5.46 ± 0.48 to 8.85 ± 0.97 mm3, respectively. Our results indicate polygamous behavior and social monogamy among P. margarita, and a short-term pairing system for their association with P. rugosa.

Sexual and reproductive traits of the pearl oyster shrimp Pontonia margarita (Decapoda: Palemonidae), symbiotically inhabiting the mantle cavity of the rugose pen shell Pinna rugosa (Bivalvia: Pinnidae)

Symbiosis between decapods and mollusks provides a unique opportunity to examine some of the evolutionary strategies employed by marine invertebrates. We describe the sexual and reproductive traits of the pearl oyster shrimp, Pontonia margarita Verril, 1869, found symbiotically inhabiting the mantle cavity of the rugose pen shell, Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835. Solitary males and females (ovigerous and non-ovigerous) and heterosexual pairs (with ovigerous and non-ovigerous females) were found in a total of 47 rugose pen shells collected from a sandy area with seagrass meadows on the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico. The body length (BL) of female P. margarita was correlated with the shell volume of their rugose pen shell host. The sex ratio was female-biased (0.85M:1F). Female P. margarita were larger than their male counterparts in terms of BL, cephalothorax length (CL), and the maximum chelae length of the second pereopod (MCL). The CL and MCL were more strongly correlated for males (r = 0.70, p = 0.01). The number and volume of eggs per ovigerous female varied from 95 to 1,571 and from 5.46 ± 0.48 to 8.85 ± 0.97 mm3, respectively. Our results indicate polygamous behavior and social monogamy among P. margarita, and a short-term pairing system for their association with P. rugosa.(AU)

The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

The Brazilian North coast is one of the world's most important shrimp fishery grounds, with a total area of approximately 223,000 km2. However, the available data on the diversity of fish caught by the region's industrial trawler fleet are limited to the commercially-valuable species. This lacuna in the data on the region's marine fish fauna is worrying, both for the management of stocks and the conservation of the local biodiversity. The present study was based on a comprehensive inventory of the teleost fishes captured by the industrial outrigger trawling operations off the North coast of Brazil. This inventory recorded 201 species belonging to 64 families and 20 orders, and revealed a unique fauna, characterized by 17 endemic species, and a mixture of estuarine-dependent and marine species, mainly associated with coral reefs. The Kernel density analysis indicated that the industrial trawling fleet operates within an important ecotone, which encompasses the transition zones of different fish communities found off the Brazilian North coast.(AU)

A costa Norte do Brasil é um dos pesqueiros de camarão mais importantes do mundo, com uma área total de aproximadamente 223.000 km2. No entanto, dados disponíveis sobre a diversidade de peixes capturados pela frota industrial de arrasto de portas na região são limitados às espécies com valor comercial. Essa lacuna no conhecimento sobre a fauna de peixes marinhos da região é preocupante, tanto para o manejo dos estoques quanto para a conservação da biodiversidade local. O presente estudo é baseado num inventário abrangente dos peixes teleósteos capturados por operações de arrasto de portas da frota industrial que opera na costa Norte do Brasil. Este inventário registrou 201 espécies pertencentes a 64 famílias e 20 ordens, e revelou uma fauna única, caracterizada por 17 espécies endêmicas, e uma mistura de espécies estuarino-dependentes e espécies marinhas, principalmente associadas a recifes de corais. A análise da densidade Kernel indicou que a frota industrial de arrasto de portas opera dentro de um importante ecótono, que abrange uma zona de transição de diferentes comunidades de peixes encontrados na costa Norte do Brasil.(AU)

The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

The Brazilian North coast is one of the world's most important shrimp fishery grounds, with a total area of approximately 223,000 km2. However, the available data on the diversity of fish caught by the region's industrial trawler fleet are limited to the commercially-valuable species. This lacuna in the data on the region's marine fish fauna is worrying, both for the management of stocks and the conservation of the local biodiversity. The present study was based on a comprehensive inventory of the teleost fishes captured by the industrial outrigger trawling operations off the North coast of Brazil. This inventory recorded 201 species belonging to 64 families and 20 orders, and revealed a unique fauna, characterized by 17 endemic species, and a mixture of estuarine-dependent and marine species, mainly associated with coral reefs. The Kernel density analysis indicated that the industrial trawling fleet operates within an important ecotone, which encompasses the transition zones of different fish communities found off the Brazilian North coast.(AU)

A costa Norte do Brasil é um dos pesqueiros de camarão mais importantes do mundo, com uma área total de aproximadamente 223.000 km2. No entanto, dados disponíveis sobre a diversidade de peixes capturados pela frota industrial de arrasto de portas na região são limitados às espécies com valor comercial. Essa lacuna no conhecimento sobre a fauna de peixes marinhos da região é preocupante, tanto para o manejo dos estoques quanto para a conservação da biodiversidade local. O presente estudo é baseado num inventário abrangente dos peixes teleósteos capturados por operações de arrasto de portas da frota industrial que opera na costa Norte do Brasil. Este inventário registrou 201 espécies pertencentes a 64 famílias e 20 ordens, e revelou uma fauna única, caracterizada por 17 espécies endêmicas, e uma mistura de espécies estuarino-dependentes e espécies marinhas, principalmente associadas a recifes de corais. A análise da densidade Kernel indicou que a frota industrial de arrasto de portas opera dentro de um importante ecótono, que abrange uma zona de transição de diferentes comunidades de peixes encontrados na costa Norte do Brasil.(AU)

Biometric relationships between body size and otolith size in 15 demersal marine fish species from the northern Brazilian coast / Relação biométrica entre tamanho coporal e tamanho do otólito em 15 espécies de peixes marinhos demersais da costa norte do Brasil

The relationships between fish size and sagitta otolith measurements were calculated for the first time for 15 species belonging to six families from the northern Brazilian coast. A total of 220 fish were sampled from the bycatch landed by the bottom-trawl industrial shrimp-fishing fleet between August and September 2016. All species had strong relationships between otolith measurements and fish total length with the coefficient of determination (r 2) ranging between 0.71 and 0.99. The variable most strongly related to fish total length was found to be the sagittal otolith length (OL) with 98% of the variability. These relationships are a useful tool to estimate length and mass of preyed fish from otoliths found in stomach contents of marine predators.(AU)

As relações entre o tamanho corporal do peixe e as medidas do otólito sagitta foram calculadas pela primeira vez para 15 espécies pertencentes a seis famílias de peixes demersais da costa norte do Brasil. Um total de 220 peixes foi amostrado da captura acidental realizada pelo arrasto de fundo da frota pesqueira industrial de camarão entre agosto e setembro de 2016. Todas as espécies apresentaram fortes relações entre as medidas do otólito e o comprimento total do peixe, com o coeficiente de determinação (r 2) variando entre 0,71 e 0,99. A variável mais fortemente relacionada ao comprimento total dos peixes foi o comprimento do otólito sagital (OL) com 98% da variabilidade. Essas relações representam uma ferramenta útil para estimar o comprimento e a massa de peixes predados a partir dos otólitos encontrados no conteúdo estomacal de predadores marinhos.(AU)