Influence of environmental health in the cow-calf dyad system / Influência do ambiente sanitário na formação da díade no sistema vaca-bezerro

Health factors influence the cow-calf dyad system in the postpartum period until the first suckling. The use of maternity paddock is a recommended management to facilitate the monitoring of parturient cows and calves. However, side effects occur due to environmental health conditions of maternity paddock that can affect the behaviour of the cow and result in the separation of calf from the mother, undermining sucking and the formation of the cow-calf dyad. To improve the understanding of this complex and dynamic system we built a conceptual model using the technique of causal loop diagram, Figure 1. By hypothesis, the environmental variables that act in maternity paddock influence the variable "Sources of pathogens in maternity". Those sources present a positive effect (in the same direction) in the infection process of the calf and cow. Thus, a recommended practice is exposing the parturient cow to pathogens in maternity for sufficient period to stimulate their immune system and build disease resistance. That process contributes to improve the quality of colostrum that will be consumed by the calf during the first hours postpartum which has the function of increasing calf immunity, minimizing the occurrence of infections. In the model, sanitary environmental factors work in two Balance feedback loops (B1 and B2). The B1 cycle refers to the production of a healthy cow with a lo

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Prevalência e fatores de risco associados à Leptospira spp. em rebanhos bovinos da região centro-sul do estado do Paraná / Prevalence and risk factors for Leptospira spp. in cattle herds in the south central region of Paraná state

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp e os fatores de risco associados à infecção em rebanhos bovinos com atividade reprodutiva da região centro-sul do estado do Paraná. Foram utilizados o delineamento estatístico, as amostras sorológicas e as informações referentes às propriedades empregadas no estudo da brucelose bovina no estado do Paraná dentro do Contexto do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose. Foram estudadas 1.880 fêmeas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses, provenientes de 274 rebanhos não vacinados contra a Leptospira spp. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção foi utilizada a prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) com 22 sorovares de Leptospira spp. Em cada propriedade foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico, a fim de obter informações epidemiológicas e práticas de manejo empregadas. Dos 274 rebanhos analisados, 181 foram considerados positivos para a Leptospira spp., com a prevalência de rebanhos de 66,06% (I.C.95%=60,12- 71,65%). Presença de > 43 bovinos (OR=3,120; I.C=1,418- 6,867), compra de reprodutores (O.R=2,010; I.C=1,154- 3,500), aluguel de pasto (O.R=2,925; I.C=1,060-8,068), presença de piquete de parição (O.R=1,981; I.C=1,068- 3,676) foram identificados como fatores de risco para a infecção para qualquer sorovar de Leptospira spp. na análise de regressão logística multivariada. Os fatores de risco para a infecção pelo sorovar Hardjo foram presença de >43 bovinos (O.R=3,622; I.C=1,512-8,677), compra de reprodutores (O.R=3,143; I.C=1,557-6,342), aluguel de pasto (O.R=4,070; I.C=1,370-12,087) e presença de eqüinos (O.R=2,981; I.C=1,321-6,726). Estes resultados indicam que a infecção pela Leptospira spp está amplamente distribuída na região centro-sul do estado do Paraná e que fatores elacionados às características das propriedades e ao manejo estão associados à infecção.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and the risk factors for Leptospira spp. infection in breeding cattle herds in the south central region of Paraná state. It was based on the statistic delineation/serological samples and information regarding the selected farms employed in the study of bovine brucellosis for Paraná state in the context of National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis. A total of 1.880 females aged >24 months from 274 non vaccinated herds were studied. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against Leptospira spp. using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with 22 Leptospira serovars. The epidemiological questionnaire was applied on all the selected farms and aimed to obtain epidemiological data. Hundred eighty one of 274 herds were positive for Leptospira spp./presenting prevalence of positive herds of 66.06% (IC95%=60.12-71,65%). Presence of >43 cattle (OR=3.120; IC=1.418-6.867)/animal purchase (OR=2.010; IC=1.154-3.500)/rent of pastures (OR=2.925; IC=1.060-8.068) and presence of maternity paddock (OR=1.981; IC=1,068-3,676) were identified as risk factors for leptospirosis due to any serovar in the multivariate logistic regression. Risk factors for leptospirosis due to serovar Hardjo were presence of >43 cattle (OR=3.622; IC=1.512-8,677)/animal purchase (OR=3.143; IC=1.557-6.342)/rent of pastures (OR=4.070; IC=1.370-12.087) and presence of horses (OR=2.981; IC=1.321-6.726). These results indicate that Leptospira spp. infection is widespread in the south central region of Paraná state and that factors related to the herd characteristic and management are associated with the infection.(AU)

Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. e aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção em bovinos do estado de Goiás / Prevalence of anti-leptospira spp. antibodies and epidemiological aspects of the infection in cattle of Goias/Brazil

O presente trabalho visou determinar a prevalência de soroaglutininas anti-Leptospira spp., determinar sua distribuição regional e avaliar os principais fatores associados à enfermidade em bovinos do Estado de Goiás. Realizou-se o estudo utilizandose 4.571 amostras colhidas em 715 propriedades de 213 dos 246 municípios do Estado de Goiás, as quais foram analisadas pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Detectaram-se 62,2% de amostras positivas para pelo menos um dos dezesseis sorovares testados, com predominância de coaglutinações (40,24%), seguidas pelos sorovares Wolffi (14,53%), Hardjo (12,70%), Grippotyphosa (10,55%) e Shermani (6,55%). A prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. foi associada aos seguintes fatores: estrato de produção, sendo mais prevalente no estrato de produção predominantemente de bovinos para corte; prática de inseminação artificial; raça dos animais; presença de ovinos e caprinos; presença de capivaras; compra de reprodutores em exposições e de outras propriedades; aluguel de pastos em alguma época do ano; presença de piquete maternidade e ocorrência de abortos. Concluiu-se que a infecção por Leptospira spp. é endêmica no Estado de Goiás.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. and their regional distribution, and evaluate the main risk factors associated to the disease in cattle in the State of Goias, Brazil. The study was carried out using 4571 samples taken from 715 properties of 213 municipalities in the state of Goias. The samples were analysed by the microagglutination test (MAT). 62.2% of the samples were positive for at least one of the 16 serovars tested, with major prevalence of co-agglutination (40.24%), followed by serovars wolffi (14.53%), hardjo (12.70 %), grippotyphosa (10.55%) and shermani (6.55%). The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies was associated to the following factors: stratum of production, with a greater prevalence in stractum of beef cattle production; practice of artificial insemination; cattle breed; presence of sheep and goats; presence of capybaras; purchase of reproducers in exhibitions and from other properties; pasture rent at any time of year; presence of maternity paddock, and occurrence of abortions. It was concluded that leptospiral infection is endemic in Goias State.

Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. e aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção em bovinos do estado de Goiás / Prevalence of anti-leptospira spp. antibodies and epidemiological aspects of the infection in cattle of Goias/Brazil

O presente trabalho visou determinar a prevalência de soroaglutininas anti-Leptospira spp., determinar sua distribuição regional e avaliar os principais fatores associados à enfermidade em bovinos do Estado de Goiás. Realizou-se o estudo utilizandose 4.571 amostras colhidas em 715 propriedades de 213 dos 246 municípios do Estado de Goiás, as quais foram analisadas pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Detectaram-se 62,2% de amostras positivas para pelo menos um dos dezesseis sorovares testados, com predominância de coaglutinações (40,24%), seguidas pelos sorovares Wolffi (14,53%), Hardjo (12,70%), Grippotyphosa (10,55%) e Shermani (6,55%). A prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. foi associada aos seguintes fatores: estrato de produção, sendo mais prevalente no estrato de produção predominantemente de bovinos para corte; prática de inseminação artificial; raça dos animais; presença de ovinos e caprinos; presença de capivaras; compra de reprodutores em exposições e de outras propriedades; aluguel de pastos em alguma época do ano; presença de piquete maternidade e ocorrência de abortos. Concluiu-se que a infecção por Leptospira spp. é endêmica no Estado de Goiás.(AU)

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. and their regional distribution, and evaluate the main risk factors associated to the disease in cattle in the State of Goias, Brazil. The study was carried out using 4571 samples taken from 715 properties of 213 municipalities in the state of Goias. The samples were analysed by the microagglutination test (MAT). 62.2% of the samples were positive for at least one of the 16 serovars tested, with major prevalence of co-agglutination (40.24%), followed by serovars wolffi (14.53%), hardjo (12.70 %), grippotyphosa (10.55%) and shermani (6.55%). The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies was associated to the following factors: stratum of production, with a greater prevalence in stractum of beef cattle production; practice of artificial insemination; cattle breed; presence of sheep and goats; presence of capybaras; purchase of reproducers in exhibitions and from other properties; pasture rent at any time of year; presence of maternity paddock, and occurrence of abortions. It was concluded that leptospiral infection is endemic in Goias State.(AU)

Influence of environmental health in the cow-calf dyad system / Influência do ambiente sanitário na formação da díade no sistema vaca-bezerro

Health factors influence the cow-calf dyad system in the postpartum period until the first suckling. The use of maternity paddock is a recommended management to facilitate the monitoring of parturient cows and calves. However, side effects occur due to environmental health conditions of maternity paddock that can affect the behaviour of the cow and result in the separation of calf from the mother, undermining sucking and the formation of the cow-calf dyad. To improve the understanding of this complex and dynamic system we built a conceptual model using the technique of causal loop diagram, Figure 1. By hypothesis, the environmental variables that act in maternity paddock influence the variable "Sources of pathogens in maternity". Those sources present a positive effect (in the same direction) in the infection process of the calf and cow. Thus, a recommended practice is exposing the parturient cow to pathogens in maternity for sufficient period to stimulate their immune system and build disease resistance. That process contributes to improve the quality of colostrum that will be consumed by the calf during the first hours postpartum which has the function of increasing calf immunity, minimizing the occurrence of infections. In the model, sanitary environmental factors work in two Balance feedback loops (B1 and B2). The B1 cycle refers to the production of a healthy cow with a lo

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.