Weed management and fertilization limit the potential of cassava productivity in subtropical environment / Manejo de plantas daninhas e fertilidade limitam o potencial de produtividade da mandioca em ambiente subtropical

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response to fertilization and different weed control periods in the accumulation of dry matter of cassava leaves, stems, roots, and fresh mass roots yield. Two experiments were carried out on commercial fields in Ibarama, and Santa Maria municipalities located at the Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil, during the 2018/2019 growing season. Five treatments, varying chemical fertilizer applications and herbicides were used to represent management practices commonly used by farmers in Southern Brazil. The Simanihot process-based model simulated cassava growth, development, and productivity under potential conditions. Results show that the recommended dose of fertilizers and liming combined with pre-emergent herbicide and three mechanical weed clear management showed a 72% increase in root productivity compared to the management used by the average yield of smallholder farmers. Therefore, it is possible to reach 80% of the potential productivity by keeping the cassava crop free from weed interference and applying fertilizers. The presence of weeds during the first 100 days after planting reduced about 50% of the plant dry matter production in Ibarama and Santa Maria. Interestingly, it also affects 79.2%of fresh roots productivity in Ibarama.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a resposta à adubação e diferentes épocas de controle de plantas daninhas no acúmulo de matéria seca de folhas, hastes, raízes e produção de massa fresca de raízes de mandioca. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em campos comerciais nos municípios de Ibarama e Santa Maria localizados no Rio Grande do Sul, Sul do Brasil, durante a safra 2018/2019. Cinco tratamentos, com aplicações variadas de fertilizantes químicos e herbicidas foram utilizados para representar as práticas de manejo comumente utilizadas pelos agricultores do Sul do Brasil. O modelo baseado no processo Simanihot foi usado para simular o crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade da mandioca sob condições potenciais. Os resultados mostram que a dose recomendada de fertilizantes e calagem combinados com herbicida pré-emergente e três manejos mecânicos de limpeza de plantas daninhas apresentaram um aumento de72% na produtividade de raízes em relação ao manejo utilizado pela produtividade média dos pequenos agricultores. Portanto, é possível atingir 80% do potencial de produtividade mantendo a cultura da mandioca livre de interferência de plantas daninhas e com aplicação de fertilizantes. A presença de plantas daninhas durante os primeiros 100 dias após o plantio reduziu cerca de 50% da produção de matéria seca da planta em Ibarama e Santa Maria e 79,2% da produtividade de raízes frescas em Ibarama.

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp. isolates in cattle herds from Western Amazon / Perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus spp. isolados em rebanhos leiteiros da Amazônia Ocidental

Staphylococcus is one of the most frequent etiological agents of bovine mastitis, causing economic losses to milk farming. This study aimed to describe the milk production and management practices in 15 herds located in three microregions of the State of Rondônia and to identify the antimicrobial resistance profile of 97 isolates of the genus Staphylococcus from these herds. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests using the agar diffusion method. Twenty-nine S. aureus isolates were selected to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In the farms studied, the breeding system was semi-intensive, with the Girolando breed being predominant. Milking was performed predominantly using a mechanical milking system (86.7%), twice a day (66.7%), in the presence of the calf (53.8%). The average number of lactating cows in the farms was 24, with an average milk production of 204.9 L d-1 and a milk productivity of 10.2 L animal-1 d-1. The use of antimicrobials for the treatment and prevention of bovine mastitis was reported for all properties, and therapy for dry cows was adopted in 80% of the herds. The percent susceptibility to antimicrobials ranged from 85.5% to 100% for S. aureus, 22.2% to 88.9% for coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), and 69.2% to 100% for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), with the highest resistance frequencies for penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. Among the S. aureus isolates, 100% susceptibility to oxacillin, cefalexin, and gentamicin was observed, and among the CNS isolates, 100% susceptibility to gentamicin was observed. None of the antimicrobials tested showed 100% in vitro effectiveness for CPS. CPS and CNS presented lower percentages of susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline than the S. aureus isolates. Twelve resistance patterns were detected, six of which were multiresistance patterns. The most prevalent resistance patterns were penicillin and ampicillin (PEN-AMP) and penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline (PEN-AMP-TET). Results of the MIC assay revealed that all 29 S. aureus isolates were susceptible to cephalothin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, whereas 25 (86.2%) were susceptible to penicillin.(AU)

O gênero Staphylococcus destaca-se como um dos agentes etiológicos mais frequentes da mastite bovina, causando prejuízos econômicos à pecuária de leite. Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a produção de leite e práticas de manejo de 15 rebanhos localizados em três microrregiões do Estado de Rondônia, e identificar o perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos de 97 isolados do gênero Staphylococcus provenientes destes rebanhos. Os isolados foram submetidos a testes de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos, utilizandose a técnica de difusão em ágar. Foram selecionados 29 isolados de Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Nas propriedades estudadas, o sistema de criação era semi-intensivo, com predomínio da raça Girolando. A ordenha era realizada predominantemente em sistema de ordenha mecânica (86,7%), duas vezes ao dia (66,7%) e com a presença do bezerro (53,8%). A média do número de vacas em lactação das propriedades era de 24 animais, com média de produção de leite de 204,9 L d-1 e produtividade de leite de 10,2 L animal-1 d-1. O uso de antimicrobianos para o tratamento e prevenção da mastite bovina foi relatado em todas as propriedades, sendo adotada a terapia da vaca seca em 80% dos rebanhos. A percentagem de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos variou de 85,5 a 100% para S. aureus, 22,2 a 88,9% para Staphylococcus coagulase positivos (SCP) e 69,2 a 100% para Staphylococcus coagulase negativos (SCN), sendo as maiores frequências de resistência para penicilina, ampicilina e tetraciclina. Entre os isolados de S. aureus foi observada 100% de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos oxacilina, cefalexina e gentamicina, e entre os isolados de SCN, 100% de susceptibilidade à gentamicina. Nenhum dos antimicrobianos testados apresentou 100% de efetividade in vitro para SCP. SCP e SCN apresentaram menores percentagens de susceptibilidade à penicilina, ampicilina e tetraciclina do que os isolados de S. aureus. Foram observados 12 padrões de resistência, sendo seis padrões de multirresistência. Os padrões de resistência mais prevalentes foram resistência à penicilina e ampicilina (PEN-AMP) e à penicilina, ampicilina e tetraciclina (PEN-AMP-TET). A determinação da CIM dos 29 isolados de S. aureus mostraram que todos foram susceptíveis à cefalotina, cefoxitina, tetraciclina e eritromicina, e 25 (86,2%) foram susceptíveis à penicilina.(AU)

Isobolographic analysis reveals antinociceptive synergism between Ph1 recombinant toxin and morphine in a model of cancer pain in C57BL/6J mice

Abstract Background: Phoneutria nigriventer venom contains Ph1. This toxin and its recombinant form have a remarkable analgesic potential that is associated with blockage of voltage-gated calcium channels and TRPA1 receptors. Although morphine is a mainstay drug to treat moderate and severe pain related to cancer, it has serious and dose-limiting side effects. Combining recombinant Ph1 and morphine to treat pain is an interesting approach that has been gaining attention. Therefore, a quantitative and reliable method to establish the strength of the antinociceptive interaction between these two substances is necessary. The present study was designed to investigate the nature of the functional antinociceptive (analgesic) interaction between Ph1 recombinant toxin and morphine in a model of cancer pain. Methods: Melanoma was produced by intraplantar inoculation of B16-F10 cells into the right paw of C57BL/6J mice. Von Frey filaments measured the paw-withdrawal threshold after intrathecal administration of morphine, recombinant Ph1, and their combination. Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed using Hargreaves apparatus. The degree of interaction was evaluated using isobolographic analysis. Spontaneous and forced motor performance was assessed with the open-field and rotarod tests, respectively. Results: Co-administration of recombinant Ph1 and morphine synergistically reverses the melanoma-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The potency of the mixture, measured as the effective dose to reach 50% of maximum possible effect (MPE) in ameliorating mechanical hyperalgesia, was about twice fold higher than expected if the interaction between morphine and recombinant Ph1 was merely additive. Treatment with the combination at doses necessary to reach 50% of MPE caused no spontaneous nor forced motor alterations. Conclusion: The combinatorial use of recombinant Ph1 and morphine allows significant and effective dose reduction of both agents, which has translational potential for opioid-sparing approaches in pain management related to cancer.

Crop rotation and tillage system on the Italian ryegrass seed bank after long-term field management

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a troublesome weed widely found in temperate Brazilian fields with several herbicide-resistant populations. Soil seed bank is the main source of future infestations and can be strongly affected by agricultural practices, such as crop rotation and tillage system. Therefore, this study evaluated the long-term effects of different crop rotation and tillage systems on the seed bank of Italian ryegrass. Data were collected in 2012 and 2013 in a field managed since 1985 under conventional-tillage and no-tillage and subjected to three cropping systems (monoculture, total, and partial rotation) compared to the control plot. The samples were collected at three soil depths (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm) using a cylindrical soil sampler, and infestations in the field were evaluated with a sample frame of 1 m². All cropping systems reduced the soil seed bank of Italian ryegrass, regardless of soil management and sampling depths comparing to the control plot. Total and partial rotation were more effective than soil tillage to reduce the seed bank. A larger number of seeds was observed on the surface layer (0-5 cm) for all cropping systems with more uniform distribution in the soil profile in conventional-tillage. Infestation of Italian ryegrass was greater for monoculture under no-tillage in both years, whereas in total and partial rotation, regardless of soil tillage, infestations remained below 40 seedlings m². Thus, strategies to reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass should focus on cropping systems with crop rotation and no-tillage.(AU)

Crop rotation and tillage system on the Italian ryegrass seed bank after long-term field management

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a troublesome weed widely found in temperate Brazilian fields with several herbicide-resistant populations. Soil seed bank is the main source of future infestations and can be strongly affected by agricultural practices, such as crop rotation and tillage system. Therefore, this study evaluated the long-term effects of different crop rotation and tillage systems on the seed bank of Italian ryegrass. Data were collected in 2012 and 2013 in a field managed since 1985 under conventional-tillage and no-tillage and subjected to three cropping systems (monoculture, total, and partial rotation) compared to the control plot. The samples were collected at three soil depths (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm) using a cylindrical soil sampler, and infestations in the field were evaluated with a sample frame of 1 m². All cropping systems reduced the soil seed bank of Italian ryegrass, regardless of soil management and sampling depths comparing to the control plot. Total and partial rotation were more effective than soil tillage to reduce the seed bank. A larger number of seeds was observed on the surface layer (0-5 cm) for all cropping systems with more uniform distribution in the soil profile in conventional-tillage. Infestation of Italian ryegrass was greater for monoculture under no-tillage in both years, whereas in total and partial rotation, regardless of soil tillage, infestations remained below 40 seedlings m². Thus, strategies to reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass should focus on cropping systems with crop rotation and no-tillage.

Preconsolidation stress of gibbsitic and kaolinitic Oxisols under a multipractice conservationist coffee system / Pressão de pré-consolidação de Latossolos gibbsítico e caulinítico sob sistema de multipraticas conservacionista no cultivo cafeeiro

Our goal was to analyze the impact of a multipractice soil conservationist system on coffee production in tropical soils (LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO caulinítico/kaolinitic Haplustox and LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-gibbsítico/gibbsitic Acrustox) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the experimental area, the soil management involved a set of multiple conservationist practices during cultivation for more than 3.5 yrs. Soil samples were collected at 0-5, 10-15, and 20-25 cm depths at two positions: planting rows and between rows. The soil physical and mechanical properties were determined, with a focus mainly on the preconsolidation stress model (preconsolidation stress versus matric tension). For the purpose of analysis, a split-split plot experimental design was implemented. A linear mixed regression model (LMR) was fitted, and Wald's test was performed (P < 0.05). An improvement of soil physical quality for both Oxisols was observed at the planting row position. The effects of multipractice soil management after 3.5 yrs of cultivation in association with increased gibbsite content could promote new soil structure organization, as revealed by LMR, resulting in more resilient soils (between rows) and increasing the resistance to external pressures on gibbsitic Acrustox. Overall, the findings herein are in concordance with global trends towards conservationist practices that may alleviate soil compaction in agricultural systems to maintain environmental sustainability.(AU)

Nosso objetivo foi analisar o impacto de um sistema de manejo do solo com multi-práticas conservacionistas para o cultivo cafeeiro em solos tropicais (LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO caulinítico/ kaolinitic Haplustox and LATOSSOLO VERMELHO gibbsítico/ gibbsitic Acrustox) em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Na área experimental, o manejo do solo incluiu um conjunto de multi-práticas conservacionistas por mais de 3,5 anos. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em 0-5; 10-15; e profundidades de 20 a 25 cm em duas posições: linha e entrelinha. As propriedades físicas e mecânicas do solo foram determinadas, concentrando-se principalmente na modelagem da compactação (estresse de pré-consolidação versus tensão matricial). Para fins de análise, foi considerado o delineamento experimental de parcelas subsubdivididas. Foi ajustado o modelo de regressão linear mista (RLM), bem como o teste F de Wald (P < 0,05). Melhorias na qualidade física do solo em ambos os Latossolos foi observada na linha de plantio. Os efeitos do sistema de manejo multipráticas usado após 3,5 anos de cultivo associado ao maior conteúdo de gibbsita podem promover uma nova organização da estrutura do solo revelada pelo RLM, que resulta em solos mais resilientes (na entrelinha), melhorando a resistência às pressões externas aplicadas ao Latossolo gibbsítico. No geral, os resultados aqui apresentadas estão de acordo com as tendências globais em direção a práticas conservacionistas que podem aliviar a compactação do solo em sistemas agrícolas e manter a sustentabilidade ambiental.(AU)

A importância do acompanhamento do médico veterinário durante a perda de peso em felinos domésticos / A medical monitoring of veterinary importance for weight loss in domestic cats

A obesidade encontra-se entre as primeiras doenças de má condição nutricional em pequenos animais e promove efeitos mecânicos e metabólicos no organismo, afetando a qualidade de vida. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo foi relatar o acompanhamento de perda de peso de felinos diagnosticados com obesidade. Foram estudados cinco felinos adultos acima do peso, (3) machos e (2) fêmeas, castrados e sem raça definida. Esses animais foram atendidos primeiramente em uma consulta inicial e reavaliados com intervalo médio de 22 [±2,5] dias e duração total média de 88 [±10,2] dias. Durante a avaliação, realizou-se a anamnese, o exame físico e verificou-se o escore de condição corporal, índice de massa magra, peso, circunferência torácica e abdominal e percentual de gordura corporal. Após o início do tratamento, observou-se a redução de peso, a circunferência torácica e abdominal, o percentual de gordura corporal e também foram identificados alguns fatores de risco para a obesidade relacionados ao paciente, como idade, estado reprodutivo e gênero, e também aos hábitos dos tutores, principalmente relacionados à oferta de alimentação e ao tempo de interação com o felino. Dessa forma, buscou-se conscientizar e orientar os tutores e também exemplificar os hábitos naturais do felino e relacionar com brincadeiras que estimulem o exercício. Conclui-se que o tratamento para obesidade abrange um planejamento de longa duração, que exige conscientização, orientação veterinária, comprometimento e dedicação dos tutores em mudar alguns hábitos e proporcionar um ambiente mais atrativo para o felino.

Obesity is among the first diseases of poor nutritional condition in small animals and promotes mechanical and metabolic effects on the body, thus affecting the quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to report the weight loss follow-up of five cats diagnosed with obesity. Five overweight adult cats were studied, (3) males and (2) females, neutered and mixed breed. These animals were first seen at an initial consultation and reevaluated with an average interval of 22 [±2.5] days and an average total duration of 88 [±10.2] days. During the evaluation, anamnesis, physical examination and body condition score, lean mass index, weight, thoracic and abdominal circumference, and body fat percentage were performed. After the beginning of the treatment, weight reduction, chest and abdominal circumference, and body fat percentage were observed and some risk factors for obesity related to the patient were also identified, such as age, reproductive status, gender and the habits of the tutors, mainly related to the supply of food and the time of interaction with the feline. In this way, we sought to raise awareness, guide tutors and, to exemplify the feline natural habits and relate to games that encourage exercise. It is concluded that the treatment for obesity includes long-term planning, which requires awareness, veterinary guidance, commitment and dedication of tutors to change some habits and provide a more attractive environment for the feline.

Seroprevalence and associated factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea in dairy cows in the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo, Brazil / Soroprevalência e fatores associados à rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina e diarreia viral bovina em vacas leiteiras na região do Caparaó, Espírito Santo, Brasil

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the seroprevalence and associated factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), and to analyze the possible relationship between IBR, BVD, and the occurrence of mastitis. For this purpose, 854 crossbred dairy cows were evaluated from 69 properties allocated in the 12 municipalities that make up the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The seroprevalence of IBR and BVD was determined using the indirect ELISA test. Associations between variables were estimated using the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval. The chi-square test was used to verify the significance of the associations (P < 0.05). The average prevalence of IBR and BVD was 48.59% and 26.46%, respectively. Animals seroreactive for IBR were more likely to develop subclinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 1.27), and cows that were seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop clinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 2.24). Mechanical milking was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.36) and BVD (P < 0.01; PR: 1.25). Reproductive management by natural breeding was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.22). Animals seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop reproductive problems (P < 0.01; PR: 1.34). It was concluded that the agents that cause IBR and BVD are widely disseminated in dairy cattle herds in the municipalities of the Caparaó region, ES, Brazil. The presence of IBR and BVD increased the chances of cows developing subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis, respectively, and the cows that were mechanically milked were more likely to be seroreactive for IBR and BVD.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados à Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) e Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVD), e analisar a possível relação entre IBR, BVD e à ocorrência de mastite. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 854 vacas leiteiras mestiças de 69 propriedades localizadas nos 12 municípios que compõem a região do Caparaó, Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil. A soroprevalência de IBR e BVD foram determinadas pelo teste ELISA indireto. As associações entre variáveis ​​foram estimadas pela razão de prevalência (PR) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar a significância das associações (P < 0,05). A prevalência média de IBR e BVD foi de 48% e 26%, respectivamente. Os animais sororreagentes para IBR foram mais propensos a desenvolver mastite subclínica (P < 0,01; PR: 1,27), e as vacas sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensas a desenvolver mastite clínica (P < 0,01; PR: 2,24). À ordenha mecânica foi considerada um fator associado a IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,36) e BVD (P < 0,01; PR: 1,25). O manejo reprodutivo por monta natural foi considerado um fator associado IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,22). Os animais sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensos a desenvolverem problemas reprodutivos (P < 0,01; PR: 1,34). Concluiu-se que os agentes causadores de IBR e BVD estão amplamente disseminados em rebanhos leiteiros nos municípios da região de Caparaó, ES, Brasil. A presença de IBR e BVD aumentaram as chances das vacas desenvolverem mastite subclínica e mastite clínica, respectivamente, e as vacas que foram ordenhadas mecanicamente apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem sororreagente para IBR e BVD.

Feline obesity: risk factors and clinical and metabolic findings / Obesidade felina: fatores de risco, achados clínicos e metabólicos

Excess body fat can cause a series of metabolic and mechanical effects on the body. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the clinical, metabolic, and risk factors of overweight (OW) cats. For the acceptance of participation in the research, the tutors were asked to answer a questionnaire containing 34 questions and to point out the body condition score (BCS) on a sheet containing nine images of different scores (1 to 9 on a 9-point scale). Thereafter, the body evaluations were performed as a classification of the BCS on a scale from 1 to 9, with an ideal score (IS) of BCS 5 and OW for BCS > 5. Further, the lean mass index and morphometric measurements (thoracic and abdominal circumferences and height and length of the patella to calcaneal tuberosity) were performed to estimate the percentage of body fat. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the non-invasive Doppler method and blood was collected for hemogram and serum biochemistry (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol). After these analyses, we sought to guide and raise the awareness of the tutors to promote the correct nutritional and environmental management of the animals. Thirty adult cats were divided into two groups, based on the classification of the BCS, with eight having an IS and 22 being OW. The OW group was found to have a low level of physical activity, hypercholesterolemia, and higher values of body characteristics. Additionally, there was a median agreement between the perceptions of the clinician and the tutors. Therefore, it was concluded that the main laboratory alteration found in the obese cats was hypercholesterolemia, which was a critical parameter. It was observed that a low degree of physical activity could cause excess weight gain. It was found that the guardians of the cats with ideal weight underestimated the BCS, which could contribute to the supply of excess food and consequently, obesity. Thus, this study was sought to guide and raise the awareness of tutors, to promote the correct nutritional and environmental management thereby providing welfare and quality of life to the animals.(AU)

O excesso de gordura corporal pode ocasionar uma série de efeitos metabólicos e mecânicos no organismo. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo foi verificar os achados clínicos, metabólicos e fatores de risco em felinos acima do peso ideal. A partir da aceitação da participação na pesquisa, os tutores foram convidados a responder um questionário contendo 34 perguntas e também apontar o escore de condição corporal (ECC) em uma folha contendo nove imagens de diferentes escores (1 a 9 em uma escala de 9 pontos). Posterior a isso, foram realizadas as avaliações corporais como classificação do ECC na escala de 1 a 9, sendo escore ideal (ECC 5) e acima do peso (ECC > 5), índice de massa magra, aferição das medidas morfométricas (circunferência torácia e abdominal, estatura e comprimento da patela a tuberosidade calcânea), com o intuito de estimar o percentual de gordura corporal. Bem como, foram realizadas a aferição da pressão arterial sistólica pelo método Doppler não invasivo e a coleta de sangue para hemograma e bioquímica sérica (creatinina, ureia, alanina aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, gama glutamil transferase, glicose, triglicerídeos e colesterol). Posterior a esses procedimentos buscou-se orientar e conscientizar os tutores, com o intuito de promover o correto manejo nutricional e ambiental dos animais. Participaram 30 felinos adultos, que foram agrupados em dois grupos, após a classificação do ECC, sendo EI escore ideal (n=8) e AP acima do peso (n=22). Foi possível verificar no grupo AP baixo nível de atividade física, hipercolesterolemia e valores superiores nas características corporais, bem como, concordância mediana entre a percepção do clínico e dos tutores. Portanto, conclui-se, neste estudo, que a principal alteração laboratorial encontrada em gatos obesos foi a hipercolesterolemia, sendo de grande importância avaliar este parâmetro. E, observou-se que o baixo grau de atividade física pode ocasionar o excesso de peso. Logo, verificou-se que tutores de gatos no peso ideal subestimaram o ECC, o que pode contribuir para o fornecimento de excesso de alimento e, consequentemente, a obesidade. Assim, buscou-se orientar e conscientizar os tutores, a fim de promover o correto manejo nutricional e ambiental e assim proporcionar bem-estar e qualidade de vida aos animais.(AU)

Prevalence of mastitis and characterization of milking management of dairy cows in northwestern Sao Paulo State / Prevalência de mastite e caracterização do manejo de ordenha de bovinos leiteiros da região de Fernandópolis, São Paulo

The lack of application of good practices in milking management can lead to the occurrence of one of the main diseases affecting the Brazilian dairy herd - mastitis. This study was developed to examine the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis as well as to evaluate the contribution of milking management to this prevalence, thereby providing bases for a better control of mastitis in dairy herds at Fernandopolis region, Sao Paulo State, Brazil The study involved nine farms with 223 lactating cows. All cows were evaluated by the strip-cup test and the California Mastitis Test (CMT). In addition, the employees' conduct during milking; the physical structure of the farm; animal handling; and dry cow treatment were observed. Results were tabulated and evaluated for the development of a flowchart of good practices. Subclinical mastitis was detected in 30.5% of the farms; 66.7% perform mechanical milking and 89% have a cooling tank, but 77.7% do not sanitize the equipment after milking. Pre-and post-dipping were not performed by 89%; 66.6% do not adopt a milking line; and none of the farms realized mastitis detection tests. In conclusion, subclinical mastitis is present in the evaluated herds. By observing the management adopted on each farm, the main critical points were found to be related to failures in handling and in milking and equipment hygiene. The implementation of a flowchart of good milking practices is extremely important for the producer, since the main method to avert and control infection is prevention.

A falta da aplicação de boas práticas no manejo de ordenha pode resultar na ocorrência de uma das principais doenças que acomete o rebanho leiteiro no Brasil, a mastite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de mastite clínica e subclínica bem como avaliar a contribuição do manejo da ordenha nessa prevalência para que, dessa forma, se tenham subsídios que proporcionem um melhor controle da mastite em rebanhos leiteiros da região de Fernandópolis, São Paulo. Participaram da pesquisa 9 propriedades rurais, com 223 vacas em lactação. Todas as vacas em lactação foram avaliadas por meio da realização do teste da caneca de fundo escuro e CMT (“California Mastitis Test”). Além disso foi realizada observação da conduta do funcionário durante a ordenha, estrutura física da propriedade, manejo com os animais e tratamento das vacas secas. Os resultados obtidos foram tabulados, avaliados para elaboração de um fluxograma de ações de boas práticas. A prevalência de mastite subclínica detectada foi de 30,5%, sendo que, 66,7% possuíam ordenha mecânica e 89% tanque de expansão, mas 77,7% não efetuavam higiene dos equipamentos após ordenha. O pré e o pós-dipping não eram realizados por 89%, sendo que, 66,6% não faziam linha de ordenha e ninguém realizava testes de detecção de mastite. Conclui-se que a mastite subclínica está presente nos rebanhos avaliados. Pode-se observar o manejo adotado em cada propriedade e elencar os principais pontos críticos sendo eles relacionados principalmente a falhas de manejo e higiene de ordenha e equipamentos. A implantação do fluxograma de boas práticas de ordenha é de extrema importância para o produtor, uma vez que, o principal método para evitar e controlar a infecção é a prevenção.

Prevalence of mastitis and characterization of milking management of dairy cows in northwestern Sao Paulo State / Prevalência de mastite e caracterização do manejo de ordenha de bovinos leiteiros da região de Fernandópolis, São Paulo

The lack of application of good practices in milking management can lead to the occurrence of one of the main diseases affecting the Brazilian dairy herd - mastitis. This study was developed to examine the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis as well as to evaluate the contribution of milking management to this prevalence, thereby providing bases for a better control of mastitis in dairy herds at Fernandopolis region, Sao Paulo State, Brazil The study involved nine farms with 223 lactating cows. All cows were evaluated by the strip-cup test and the California Mastitis Test (CMT). In addition, the employees' conduct during milking; the physical structure of the farm; animal handling; and dry cow treatment were observed. Results were tabulated and evaluated for the development of a flowchart of good practices. Subclinical mastitis was detected in 30.5% of the farms; 66.7% perform mechanical milking and 89% have a cooling tank, but 77.7% do not sanitize the equipment after milking. Pre-and post-dipping were not performed by 89%; 66.6% do not adopt a milking line; and none of the farms realized mastitis detection tests. In conclusion, subclinical mastitis is present in the evaluated herds. By observing the management adopted on each farm, the main critical points were found to be related to failures in handling and in milking and equipment hygiene. The implementation of a flowchart of good milking practices is extremely important for the producer, since the main method to avert and control infection is prevention.(AU)

A falta da aplicação de boas práticas no manejo de ordenha pode resultar na ocorrência de uma das principais doenças que acomete o rebanho leiteiro no Brasil, a mastite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de mastite clínica e subclínica bem como avaliar a contribuição do manejo da ordenha nessa prevalência para que, dessa forma, se tenham subsídios que proporcionem um melhor controle da mastite em rebanhos leiteiros da região de Fernandópolis, São Paulo. Participaram da pesquisa 9 propriedades rurais, com 223 vacas em lactação. Todas as vacas em lactação foram avaliadas por meio da realização do teste da caneca de fundo escuro e CMT (“California Mastitis Test”). Além disso foi realizada observação da conduta do funcionário durante a ordenha, estrutura física da propriedade, manejo com os animais e tratamento das vacas secas. Os resultados obtidos foram tabulados, avaliados para elaboração de um fluxograma de ações de boas práticas. A prevalência de mastite subclínica detectada foi de 30,5%, sendo que, 66,7% possuíam ordenha mecânica e 89% tanque de expansão, mas 77,7% não efetuavam higiene dos equipamentos após ordenha. O pré e o pós-dipping não eram realizados por 89%, sendo que, 66,6% não faziam linha de ordenha e ninguém realizava testes de detecção de mastite. Conclui-se que a mastite subclínica está presente nos rebanhos avaliados. Pode-se observar o manejo adotado em cada propriedade e elencar os principais pontos críticos sendo eles relacionados principalmente a falhas de manejo e higiene de ordenha e equipamentos. A implantação do fluxograma de boas práticas de ordenha é de extrema importância para o produtor, uma vez que, o principal método para evitar e controlar a infecção é a prevenção.(AU)

Treatment of fractures and other orthopedic problems in cats and dogs using versatile external fixator / Tratamento de fraturas de extremidades de cães e gatos usando fixador externo versátil

Many complicated bone fractures can be healed by different techniques including linear external fixation. New generation linear external fixators enhanced the scope of application for bone fractures by mechanical progress. Difficulties include implementing enough pins through fixation clamps to the comminuted fragments or clamp addition and fixing it properly to the rod with the correct pin insertion angle. Effective configurations may not always result. This study sought to reveal the clinical efficiency of modified clamps of a versatile external fixator (VEF) to fix different types of fractures and orthopedic problems according to the radiographic and clinical results. We used this fixator on 17 cats and 17 dogs of different ages and sizes, having different types of antebrachium, humerus, tibia, ulna fractures, and bone-muscle deformities. Clamps had different features to connect fixator pins. Many fixator configurations were created according to the fracture type and body weight of the animals. The most used ones were unilateral and bilateral configurations. The callus formation and visual gait analysis were observed after the operations, until the removal of the fixator. After fixator removal, the visual gait status of the limbs was excellent in 67% of the cases, good in 15%, fair in 12%, and poor in 6%. We found that rods and fixator pins were connected easily by semi-locked clamps. Also, the double pin holding clamps saved space on the fixation rod by the application of two pins through one clamp. We think that clamps of versatile external fixators can easily be constructed to limb fractures and save time during surgery.(AU)

Diversas fraturas ósseas complicadas podem ser tratadas por diferentes técnicas, incluindo fixadores externos lineares. Os fixadores externos lineares de nova geração aumentaram o escopo de aplicação para fraturas ósseas devido ao progresso mecânico. A dificuldade é implementar um número suficiente de pinos através de clamps de fixação aos fragmentos osseos ou adição de clamps com fixação adequadamente à haste com o ângulo correto de inserção do pino. As configurações eficazes nem sempre podem ser realizadas. Este estudo pretendia revelar a eficácia clínica das clamps modificadas de um fixador externo versátil para corrigir diferentes tipos de fraturas e problemas ortopédicos de acordo com os resultados radiográficos e clínicos. O fixador foi utilizado em 17 gatos e 17 cães de diferentes idades e tamanhos, com diferentes tipos de antebraço, úmero, tíbia, fratura de ulna e deformidades ósseo-musculares. Os clamps tinham recursos diferentes para conectar os pinos do fixador. Muitas configurações de fixadores foram criadas de acordo com o tipo de fratura e peso corporal dos animais. As mais utilizadas foram as configurações unilateral e bilateral. A formação do calo e a análise visual da marcha foram observadas após as cirurgias, até a retirada do fixador. Após a retirada do fixador, a utilização dos membros foi excelente em 67% dos casos, bom em 15% dos casos, regular em 12% dos casos, ruim em 6% dos casos. Concluímos que as hastes e os pinos do fixador foram facilmente conectados por clamps semi-travados. Além disso, os clamps de fixação de pino duplo economizaram espaço na haste de fixação com a aplicação de dois pinos em clamp. Acreditamos que os clamps de fixadores externos versáteis podem ser facilmente construídas para fraturas de membros, economizando tempo na cirurgia.(AU)

Isobolographic analysis reveals antinociceptive synergism between Phα1ß recombinant toxin and morphine in a model of cancer pain in C57BL/6J mice

Background: Phoneutria nigriventer venom contains Phα1ß. This toxin and its recombinant form have a remarkable analgesic potential that is associated with blockage of voltage-gated calcium channels and TRPA1 receptors. Although morphine is a mainstay drug to treat moderate and severe pain related to cancer, it has serious and dose-limiting side effects. Combining recombinant Phα1ß and morphine to treat pain is an interesting approach that has been gaining attention. Therefore, a quantitative and reliable method to establish the strength of the antinociceptive interaction between these two substances is necessary. The present study was designed to investigate the nature of the functional antinociceptive (analgesic) interaction between Phα1ß recombinant toxin and morphine in a model of cancer pain. Methods: Melanoma was produced by intraplantar inoculation of B16-F10 cells into the right paw of C57BL/6J mice. Von Frey filaments measured the paw-withdrawal threshold after intrathecal administration of morphine, recombinant Phα1ß, and their combination. Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed using Hargreaves apparatus. The degree of interaction was evaluated using isobolographic analysis. Spontaneous and forced motor performance was assessed with the open-field and rotarod tests, respectively. Results: Co-administration of recombinant Phα1ß and morphine synergistically reverses the melanoma-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The potency of the mixture, measured as the effective dose to reach 50% of maximum possible effect (MPE) in ameliorating mechanical hyperalgesia, was about twice fold higher than expected if the interaction between morphine and recombinant Phα1ß was merely additive. Treatment with the combination at doses necessary to reach 50% of MPE caused no spontaneous nor forced motor alterations. Conclusion: The combinatorial use of recombinant Phα1ß and morphine allows significant and effective dose reduction of both agents, which has translational potential for opioid-sparing approaches in pain management related to cancer.(AU)

Seroprevalence and associated factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea in dairy cows in the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo, Brazil / Soroprevalência e fatores associados à rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina e diarreia viral bovina em vacas leiteiras na região do Caparaó, Espírito Santo, Brasil

This study evaluated the seroprevalence and associated factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), and to analyze the possible relationship between IBR, BVD, and the occurrence of mastitis. For this purpose, 854 crossbred dairy cows were evaluated from 69 properties allocated in the 12 municipalities that make up the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The seroprevalence of IBR and BVD was determined using the indirect ELISA test. Associations between variables were estimated using the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval. The chi-square test was used to verify the significance of the associations (P < 0.05). The average prevalence of IBR and BVD was 48.59% and 26.46%, respectively. Animals seroreactive for IBR were more likely to develop subclinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 1.27), and cows that were seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop clinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 2.24). Mechanical milking was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.36) and BVD (P < 0.01; PR: 1.25). Reproductive management by natural breeding was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.22). Animals seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop reproductive problems (P < 0.01; PR: 1.34). It was concluded that the agents that cause IBR and BVD are widely disseminated in dairy cattle herds in the municipalities of the Caparaó region, ES, Brazil. The presence of IBR and BVD increased the chances of cows developing subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis, respectively, and the cows that were mechanically milked were more likely to be seroreactive for IBR and BVD.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados à Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) e Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVD), e analisar a possível relação entre IBR, BVD e à ocorrência de mastite. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 854 vacas leiteiras mestiças de 69 propriedades localizadas nos 12 municípios que compõem a região do Caparaó, Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil. A soroprevalência de IBR e BVD foram determinadas pelo teste ELISA indireto. As associações entre variáveis ​​foram estimadas pela razão de prevalência (PR) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar a significância das associações (P < 0,05). A prevalência média de IBR e BVD foi de 48% e 26%, respectivamente. Os animais sororreagentes para IBR foram mais propensos a desenvolver mastite subclínica (P < 0,01; PR: 1,27), e as vacas sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensas a desenvolver mastite clínica (P < 0,01; PR: 2,24). À ordenha mecânica foi considerada um fator associado a IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,36) e BVD (P < 0,01; PR: 1,25). O manejo reprodutivo por monta natural foi considerado um fator associado IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,22). Os animais sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensos a desenvolverem problemas reprodutivos (P < 0,01; PR: 1,34). Concluiu-se que os agentes causadores de IBR e BVD estão amplamente disseminados em rebanhos leiteiros nos municípios da região de Caparaó, ES, Brasil. A presença de IBR e BVD aumentaram as chances das vacas desenvolverem mastite subclínica e mastite clínica, respectivamente, e as vacas que foram ordenhadas mecanicamente apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem sororreagente para IBR e BVD.

Seroprevalence and associated factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea in dairy cows in the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo, Brazil / Soroprevalência e fatores associados à rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina e diarreia viral bovina em vacas leiteiras na região do Caparaó, Espírito Santo, Brasil

This study evaluated the seroprevalence and associated factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), and to analyze the possible relationship between IBR, BVD, and the occurrence of mastitis. For this purpose, 854 crossbred dairy cows were evaluated from 69 properties allocated in the 12 municipalities that make up the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The seroprevalence of IBR and BVD was determined using the indirect ELISA test. Associations between variables were estimated using the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval. The chi-square test was used to verify the significance of the associations (P < 0.05). The average prevalence of IBR and BVD was 48.59% and 26.46%, respectively. Animals seroreactive for IBR were more likely to develop subclinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 1.27), and cows that were seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop clinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 2.24). Mechanical milking was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.36) and BVD (P < 0.01; PR: 1.25). Reproductive management by natural breeding was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.22). Animals seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop reproductive problems (P < 0.01; PR: 1.34). It was concluded that the agents that cause IBR and BVD are widely disseminated in dairy cattle herds in the municipalities of the Caparaó region, ES, Brazil. The presence of IBR and BVD increased the chances of cows developing subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis, respectively, and the cows that were mechanically milked were more likely to be seroreactive for IBR and BVD.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados à Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) e Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVD), e analisar a possível relação entre IBR, BVD e à ocorrência de mastite. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 854 vacas leiteiras mestiças de 69 propriedades localizadas nos 12 municípios que compõem a região do Caparaó, Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil. A soroprevalência de IBR e BVD foram determinadas pelo teste ELISA indireto. As associações entre variáveis ​​foram estimadas pela razão de prevalência (PR) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar a significância das associações (P < 0,05). A prevalência média de IBR e BVD foi de 48% e 26%, respectivamente. Os animais sororreagentes para IBR foram mais propensos a desenvolver mastite subclínica (P < 0,01; PR: 1,27), e as vacas sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensas a desenvolver mastite clínica (P < 0,01; PR: 2,24). À ordenha mecânica foi considerada um fator associado a IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,36) e BVD (P < 0,01; PR: 1,25). O manejo reprodutivo por monta natural foi considerado um fator associado IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,22). Os animais sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensos a desenvolverem problemas reprodutivos (P < 0,01; PR: 1,34). Concluiu-se que os agentes causadores de IBR e BVD estão amplamente disseminados em rebanhos leiteiros nos municípios da região de Caparaó, ES, Brasil. A presença de IBR e BVD aumentaram as chances das vacas desenvolverem mastite subclínica e mastite clínica, respectivamente, e as vacas que foram ordenhadas mecanicamente apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem sororreagente para IBR e BVD.(AU)

Characterization of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in Passiflora edulis Catarina in the southern coast of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

ABSTRACT: CABMV is a limiting virus for passion fruit crop in Brazil, its main producing country. This virus has been reported in all producing states of the country, with the state of Santa Catarina (SC) in 2017 standing as the third largest passion fruit producer. In 2017, it reached 8.4% of the national production. The southern coast is the main responsible for the increase in production, which has been supplying the domestic market. However, in that same year, this region recorded the first symptom expressions in plants and fruits. The evaluation of the samples collected in the municipalities of Sombrio, Praia Grande and São João do Sul, southern coast of SC, was performed by using a mechanical transmission to indicator plants, PTA-ELISA and RT-PCR, and by sequencing. The evaluation results were positive for CABMV and negative for CMV in PTA-ELISA. In RT-PCR, there was the formation of a 700bp ca band, expected size for Potyvirus, whose sequence comparison with those deposited in GenBank reveled 98% identity with the isolates from São Paulo State. The occurrence of the virus in the southern coast of SC did not reach a serious decrease in passion fruit production due to the union of producers, who adopted preventive management measures to control the virus, whose effect led to a consolidation of the passion fruit production chain in the region.

RESUMO: O CABMV é um vírus limitante para a cultura do maracujá no Brasil, principal país produtor mundial, cuja ocorrência já foi relatada em todos os estados produtores. Em 2017, o estado de Santa Catarina (SC) foi o terceiro maior produtor de maracujá no Brasil, responsável por 8,4% da produção nacional, sendo o litoral sul o principal responsável pelo aumento da produção, garantindo o abastecimento do mercado interno. Entretanto, nesse mesmo ano, essa região registrou as primeiras expressões de sintomas em plantas e frutos. Uma avaliação das amostras coletadas nos municípios de Sombrio, Praia Grande e São João do Sul, litoral sul de Santa Catarina, foi realizada por transmissão mecânica para plantas indicadoras, PTA-ELISA, RT-PCR e sequenciamento. Os resultados foram positivos para o CABMV e negativos para o CMV, tanto em PTA-ELISA quanto RT-PCR. Na RT-PCR, houve a amplificação de bandas com ca de 700pb, tamanho esperado para o Potyvirus cuja comparação de sequências com as depositadas no GenBank revelaram 98% de similaridade com os isolados do estado de São Paulo. A ocorrência do vírus na região do litoral sul de Santa Catarina não causou quebra na produção de maracujá devido à adoção conjunta de medidas preventivas de manejo pelos produtores, fato que consolidou a cadeia produtiva do maracujá na região.

Physical and chemical attributes of a soil cultivated with rubber tree under three management strategies / Atributos físicos e químicos de um solo cultivado com seringueira sob três sistemas de manejo

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a native species of the Amazon biome. This species had great economic importance due to the production of latex, used to obtain natural rubber. Seeking growth in productivity with adequate management is necessary to optimize production and increase areas with rubber trees. This study aimed to verify the physical and chemical attributes of soil under three different managements and two rubber tree clones, searching for the best alternative for the general edaphoclimatic conditions of the Cerrado biome. The experiment was installed in Palmeiras of Goiás, GO, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two rubber tree clones (PB 312 and RRIM 600) and three management strategies (organomineral fertilizer with poultry litter, pigeon pea as green manure, and mechanical mowing-brushcutter). Physical attributes such as soil density, soil penetration resistance, soil moisture and aggregation, soil fertility, and tree development were analyzed. Statistical analyses of variance and Tukey test were carried out in order to compare the dendrometric data and physical and chemical attributes of the soil under the different treatments applied in the inter-row of rubber trees. No significant statistical differences were found among treatments and between clones in relation to soil physical attributes. However, the soil pH reduced the use of organomineral fertilizer and the clone RRIM 600 had the highest heights.

A seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) é uma espécie nativa do bioma Amazônia. Esta espécie teve grande importância econômica devido à produção de látex usada para obter borracha natural. Para otimizar a produção e aumentar as áreas com seringueiras, é necessário buscar um crescimento da produtividade com manejo adequado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os atributos físicos e químicos do solo com três diferentes manejos e dois clones de seringueira, buscando a melhor alternativa para as condições edafoclimáticas gerais do bioma Cerrado. O experimento foi instalado em Palmeiras de Goiás - GO, Brasil, e com um bloco randomizado, em esquema fatorial (2x3), considerando os dois clones (PB 312 e RRIM 600) como três manejos (fertilizante organomineral) com cama de aves de capoeira; adubo verde- ervilha de pombo e roçadeira mecânica). Foram analisados atributos físicos como densidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração, umidade e agregação, bem como fertilidade do solo e desenvolvimento das árvores. Análises estatísticas de variância e teste de Tukey foram realizadas para comparar dados dendrométricos e atributos físicos e químicos do solo nos diferentes tratamentos aplicados na entrelinhado cultivo da seringueira. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os tratamentos e entre os clones em relação aos atributos físicos do solo. No entanto, o pH do solo reduziu com o uso de organomineral e o clone RRIM 600 apresentou os maiores resultados de altura.

Physical and chemical attributes of a soil cultivated with rubber tree under three management strategies / Atributos físicos e químicos de um solo cultivado com seringueira sob três sistemas de manejo

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a native species of the Amazon biome. This species had great economic importance due to the production of latex, used to obtain natural rubber. Seeking growth in productivity with adequate management is necessary to optimize production and increase areas with rubber trees. This study aimed to verify the physical and chemical attributes of soil under three different managements and two rubber tree clones, searching for the best alternative for the general edaphoclimatic conditions of the Cerrado biome. The experiment was installed in Palmeiras of Goiás, GO, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two rubber tree clones (PB 312 and RRIM 600) and three management strategies (organomineral fertilizer with poultry litter, pigeon pea as green manure, and mechanical mowing-brushcutter). Physical attributes such as soil density, soil penetration resistance, soil moisture and aggregation, soil fertility, and tree development were analyzed. Statistical analyses of variance and Tukey test were carried out in order to compare the dendrometric data and physical and chemical attributes of the soil under the different treatments applied in the inter-row of rubber trees. No significant statistical differences were found among treatments and between clones in relation to soil physical attributes. However, the soil pH reduced the use of organomineral fertilizer and the clone RRIM 600 had the highest heights.(AU)

A seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) é uma espécie nativa do bioma Amazônia. Esta espécie teve grande importância econômica devido à produção de látex usada para obter borracha natural. Para otimizar a produção e aumentar as áreas com seringueiras, é necessário buscar um crescimento da produtividade com manejo adequado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os atributos físicos e químicos do solo com três diferentes manejos e dois clones de seringueira, buscando a melhor alternativa para as condições edafoclimáticas gerais do bioma Cerrado. O experimento foi instalado em Palmeiras de Goiás - GO, Brasil, e com um bloco randomizado, em esquema fatorial (2x3), considerando os dois clones (PB 312 e RRIM 600) como três manejos (fertilizante organomineral) com cama de aves de capoeira; adubo verde- ervilha de pombo e roçadeira mecânica). Foram analisados atributos físicos como densidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração, umidade e agregação, bem como fertilidade do solo e desenvolvimento das árvores. Análises estatísticas de variância e teste de Tukey foram realizadas para comparar dados dendrométricos e atributos físicos e químicos do solo nos diferentes tratamentos aplicados na entrelinhado cultivo da seringueira. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os tratamentos e entre os clones em relação aos atributos físicos do solo. No entanto, o pH do solo reduziu com o uso de organomineral e o clone RRIM 600 apresentou os maiores resultados de altura.(AU)

Characterization of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in Passiflora edulis 'Catarina' in the southern coast of Santa Catarina State, Brazil / Caracterização do Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus em Passiflora edulis cv. Catarina no litoral sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil

CABMV is a limiting virus for passion fruit crop in Brazil, its main producing country. This virus has been reported in all producing states of the country, with the state of Santa Catarina (SC) in 2017 standing as the third largest passion fruit producer. In 2017, it reached 8.4% of the national production. The southern coast is the main responsible for the increase in production, which has been supplying the domestic market. However, in that same year, this region recorded the first symptom expressions in plants and fruits. The evaluation of the samples collected in the municipalities of Sombrio, Praia Grande and São João do Sul, southern coast of SC, was performed by using a mechanical transmission to indicator plants, PTA-ELISA and RT-PCR, and by sequencing. The evaluation results were positive for CABMV and negative for CMV in PTA-ELISA. In RT-PCR, there was the formation of a 700bp ca band, expected size for Potyvirus, whose sequence comparison with those deposited in GenBank reveled 98% identity with the isolates from São Paulo State. The occurrence of the virus in the southern coast of SC did not reach a serious decrease in passion fruit production due to the union of producers, who adopted preventive management measures to control the virus, whose effect led to a consolidation of the passion fruit production chain in the region.(AU)

O CABMV é um vírus limitante para a cultura do maracujá no Brasil, principal país produtor mundial, cuja ocorrência já foi relatada em todos os estados produtores. Em 2017, o estado de Santa Catarina (SC) foi o terceiro maior produtor de maracujá no Brasil, responsável por 8,4% da produção nacional, sendo o litoral sul o principal responsável pelo aumento da produção, garantindo o abastecimento do mercado interno. Entretanto, nesse mesmo ano, essa região registrou as primeiras expressões de sintomas em plantas e frutos. Uma avaliação das amostras coletadas nos municípios de Sombrio, Praia Grande e São João do Sul, litoral sul de Santa Catarina, foi realizada por transmissão mecânica para plantas indicadoras, PTA-ELISA, RT-PCR e sequenciamento. Os resultados foram positivos para o CABMV e negativos para o CMV, tanto em PTA-ELISA quanto RT-PCR. Na RT-PCR, houve a amplificação de bandas com ca de 700pb, tamanho esperado para o Potyvirus cuja comparação de sequências com as depositadas no GenBank revelaram 98% de similaridade com os isolados do estado de São Paulo. A ocorrência do vírus na região do litoral sul de Santa Catarina não causou quebra na produção de maracujá devido à adoção conjunta de medidas preventivas de manejo pelos produtores, fato que consolidou a cadeia produtiva do maracujá na região.(AU)

Evaluation of wound healing effect of alginate film containing aloe vera gel and cross-linked with zinc chloride

Purpose To develop a new wound dressing composed of alginate and Aloe vera gel and cross-linked with zinc ions. Methods The aloe-alginate film was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling profile, mechanical properties, polysaccharide content and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thirty Wistar rats were divided in two groups a) treated with aloe-alginate film and b) control (treated with sterile gauze). Wound contraction measurements and hystological analysis were performed on 7th, 14th and 21st days after wound surgery. Results The aloe-alginate film presented adequated mechanical resistance and malleability for application as wound dressing. There was no statistical difference in wound contraction between two groups. Histological assay demonstrated that aloe-alginate film presented anti-inflammatory activity, stimulated angiogenesis on proliferative phase and a more significant increased in collagen type I fibers and decreased type III fibers which promoted a mature scar formation when compared to control. Conclusions The aloe-alginate film showed adequate physicochemical characteristics for wound dressing applications. The in vivo assay demonstrated that aloe-alginate film enhanced the healing process of incisional skin wounds.(AU)