Cutaneous myxoma in broiler chicken detected during slaughtering

Background: A cutaneous or superficial myxoma is a benign neoplasm of dermal or subcutaneous fibroblast origin. Although rare, it has been previously described in several species, including poultry. It presents as a single node or soft mass with a gelatinous cut surface. Histopathological analysis is essential for diagnosis and to differentiate it from other mesenchymal neoplasms and inflammatory or degenerative processes. Microscopically, it consists of dermal or subcutaneous lobules of plump, stellate, or spindle-shaped, bland-looking cells embedded in a basophilic myxoid matrix. This report describes the pathological findings in a rare case of cutaneous myxoma in a 42-day-old broiler flock. Cases: During ante mortem inspection of a 42-day-old broiler flock at a slaughterhouse under the authority of the Federal Inspection Service (southern Brazil), nodular lesions or encrusted areas with yellow and black areas were observed in the head skin of less than 1% of animals. These lesions, approximately 0.5 cm in diameter, were observed on the comb, in the periocular skin region, and close to the animals' nostrils. During the breeding period, no health or epidemiological events were observed. Fragments of the lesions in the comb and periocular skin were collected and fixed in buffered 10% formalin. The samples were sent to the laboratory, routinely processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of irregular multifocal proliferation of connective tissue showing spindle cells with poorly demarcated borders and scarce cytoplasm in a slightly basophilic myxoid aspect matrix. The adjacent epidermis is compressed due to neoplastic proliferation. No areas of epithelial hyperplasia or inclusion bodies were observed. According to the pathologic description and considering its descriptive epidemiology, our main clinical suspicion was cutaneous fowl pox, a pathology characterized by the appearance of nodules in regions devoid of feathers. However, the microscopic changes observed were compatible with those described for cutaneous myxomas. In addition, the extracellular matrix was positive for Alcian Blue staining, which is an indicator of myxoma. In the present case, the SIF did not report the same macroscopic lesions in other flocks of the same origin. Discussion: Connective tissue tumors, including myxomas, occur considerably less frequently under field conditions. In addition, these neoplasms are more frequent in mature birds and are not usually described in broilers, as observed in this report. The cutaneous myxoma described in broilers is usually a sporadic neoplasm that does not cause zootechnical losses, as observed in the case report. Its etiology is unknown and has been associated with various factors, such as local trauma and foreign bodies. Some fragments of plant material from the breeding environment were microscopically detected in the encrusted areas, which may indicate previous trauma or a foreign body. Myxoma has been associated with avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup A, but SIF did not report the same macroscopic lesions in other flocks of the same breeder hen's origin in the present case. Furthermore, sporadic connective tissue tumors associated with the virus occur in mature chickens but not in broilers. Myxoma lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other connective tissue tumors and infectious agents that cause lesions in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Surgical removal of periocular neoformation in Peixe -Kinguiu (Carassius Auratus) submitted to anesthesia with propofol in combination with morphine: case report / Remoção cirúrgica de neoformação periocular em peixe-kinguiu (Carassius Auratus) submetido à anestesia com propofol em associação com morfina: relato de caso

Different anesthetic agents are commonly used during procedures performed in aquaculture to minimize stress and maximize fish welfare during handling. A Kinguio fish was treated with a history of a mass near the left eye. In the clinical evaluation, a pedunculated neoformation was found in the periocular region. The fish was submitted to anesthesia for surgical removal of the mass, which was later referred to histopathological evaluation, revealing myxoma. The anesthesia protocol used 1% propofol at a concentration of 5 mg/liter of water and morphine at a dose of 5 mg/kg, intramuscularly. Immediately after the end of the procedure, the fish was returned to the aquarium and its anesthetic recovery was observed. The objective of this report is to describe a surgical procedure in kinguio fish and to determine the efficacy of propofol associated with morphine in this species. As a result, complete immobilization of the fish was obtained with propofol, reaching the fourth stage of anesthesia and the administration of morphine suggested being able to provide effective and long-lasting analgesia. It is concluded that despite the positive results obtained, anesthesia in fish still needs to be extensively investigated to refine analgesia protocols during procedures that cause pain and stress.

Diferentes agentes anestésicos são usados durante procedimentos realizados na aquicultura para minimizar o estresse e maximizar o bem-estar dos peixes durante o processo de manejo. Um peixe kinguiu foi atendido com histórico de presença de uma massa próxima ao olho esquerdo. Na avaliação clínica, constatou-se uma neoformação pedunculada na região periocular. O peixe foi submetido à anestesia para remoção cirúrgica da massa, que posteriormente foi encaminhada para avaliação histopatológica, a qual revelou mixoma. Como protocolo de anestesia, utilizou-se propofol 1% diluído em água, na concentração de 5mg/litro, e morfina, na dose de 5mg/kg, na concentração de 10mg/mL, intramuscular. Imediatamente após o procedimento, o peixe foi devolvido ao aquário para observação da recuperação anestésica. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um procedimento cirúrgico em peixe kinguio e determinar a eficácia do propofol associado à morfina nessa espécie. Como resultados, obteve-se a imobilização completa do peixe com o uso do propofol, atingindo o quarto estágio da anestesia, e a administração da morfina sugeriu ser capaz de proporcionar analgesia eficaz e duradoura. Conclui-se que, apesar dos resultados positivos obtidos, a anestesia em peixes precisa ainda ser bastante investigada para refinar os protocolos de analgesia durante os procedimentos que causam dor e estresse.

Chronic expanding hematoma secondary to excision of recurrent myxomas in a bitch

Background: Expanding chronic hematoma is a relatively common postoperative complication in humans, not in dogs, nevertheless, is important understand this condition because it may affect the animal's health. A hematoma could be formed within hours and usually stabilizes spontaneously with the reabsorption of its content. However, occasionally the hematoma slowly expands, becomes encapsulated and forms a mass, causing a chronic expanding hematoma. Possibly skin and adipose tissue are displaced secondary to trauma, causing the formation of blood-filled cysts surrounded by a fibrous capsule. The aim of this document is to present the first report of a postsurgical chronic expanding hematoma in dog. Case: A case of chronic expanding hematoma secondary to excision of recurrent myxoma in a bitch was described. Physical examination showed a hard, firm, non-mobile mass enclosed within the deep muscular layers. This mass was between the sternum and the cranial abdomen, similar to previous lesions excised by another veterinarian. Fine needle aspiration indicated the presence of blood. Radiology demonstrated that the bone-cartilage tissue was not involved. Due to the size of the mass, a skin stretching pre-suturing technique using self-adhesive tape was applied around the mass 48 h before surgery. The mass was removed with wide excision margins and portions of the affected muscles, but a large wound with great tension was created; consequently, a parallel to the wound incision and the thoraco-lumbar vertebrae was made. Six months after surgery, the animal presented recurrence of the same lesion, which was also removed. The bleeding times were within the normal range, but the animal was diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism. After both surgeries histopathological exam revealed a hematoma, that had thrombosis and granulation tissue with fibrosis and severe panniculitis, in addition of multifocal, chronic, moderate lymphohistiocytic myositis; all these changes were compatible with a chronic expanding hematoma. Discussion: Chronic expanding hematoma is a mass that grows slowly secondary to hemorrhage and does not exhibit elements of malignancy. However, it can occasionally be confused for a soft-tissue neoplasm. It has been reported frequently in humans but not in small animals. The first case was reported in 2002: 5 puppies with a cervical hematoma classified as a chronic expanding hematoma was described. In addition, 3 cases were reported: 1 cat with perirenal chronic expanding hematoma; 1 bitch with intra-abdominal presentation, and 1 cat with this pathology on the right pelvic limb after an intramuscular injection. The etiology of chronic expansive hematoma is unidentified in dogs, nevertheless, it is stipulated that is not an inflammatory process as previously assumed, but rather a neoplastic process. As in other cases, it was difficult to determine the origin of the chronic expanding hematoma. The coagulation times and platelets count were within ranges. Similarly, it is very complicated to relate hyperadrenocorticism with chronic expanding hematoma because dogs with Cushing's disease generally present hypercoagulopathies. Myxomas are associated with endocrinopathies in humans and dogs, therefore, hyperadrenocorticism is possibly related with this neoplasia. Myxomas have an expansive growth pattern, contrasting with myxosarcomas, which are infiltrating; Although in the present case the skin mass appeared to be invasive, both macroscopical and histopathological appearance of it corresponded to a well-shaped capsule compatible with chronic expanding hematoma. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a post-surgical chronic expanding hematoma in a dog.

Morphometric and vascular analyses and MMP-2 expression in bladders of animals with bovine enzootic haematuria

Background: Bovine enzootic haematuria is a chronic, non-infectious disease caused by the ingestion of bracken Pteridiumaquilinum that contain ptaquiloside, substance responsible for the development of neoplasms in combination with bovinepapillomavirus infection. Studies examining metalloproteinases have shown that these enzymes may be useful as prognosticmarkers and many studies have correlated the intratumoural microvessel density and incidence of metastasis in a varietyof cancers, including bladder cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the urothelial morphology and vasculature and quantifythe expression of the enzyme metalloproteinase-2 in the bladder lesions of bovine with enzootic haematuria.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty bladders with macroscopic lesions were subjected to routine histological processing. The material was stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin staining methods. Themorphometric analysis included the measurement of the total thickness of the urothelium. Microscopically, the lesionswere differentiated as neoplastic or non-neoplastic, and the vascular changes were characterised as vascular proliferation,ectasia, dilation and thickening and the material stained using the Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin method was used to evaluatesclerosis and the vascular fibroelastosis. The metalloproteinase expression was evaluated using an anti-metalloproteinase-2antibody. The main non-neoplastic lesions found in the urothelium included clear cell metaplasia, dysplasia, hyperplasia,haemorrhage, cystitis cystica and Brunn’s nests and the neoplastic lesions were haemangioma, myxoma, transitional cellcarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, in situ carcinoma and haemangiosarcoma. The urothelium measurements revealed differencesbetween the epithelial thicknesses of bladders with and without neoplasms. The bladder vasculature evaluation revealed...

Morphometric and vascular analyses and MMP-2 expression in bladders of animals with bovine enzootic haematuria

Background: Bovine enzootic haematuria is a chronic, non-infectious disease caused by the ingestion of bracken Pteridiumaquilinum that contain ptaquiloside, substance responsible for the development of neoplasms in combination with bovinepapillomavirus infection. Studies examining metalloproteinases have shown that these enzymes may be useful as prognosticmarkers and many studies have correlated the intratumoural microvessel density and incidence of metastasis in a varietyof cancers, including bladder cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the urothelial morphology and vasculature and quantifythe expression of the enzyme metalloproteinase-2 in the bladder lesions of bovine with enzootic haematuria.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty bladders with macroscopic lesions were subjected to routine histological processing. The material was stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Weigerts resorcin-fuchsin staining methods. Themorphometric analysis included the measurement of the total thickness of the urothelium. Microscopically, the lesionswere differentiated as neoplastic or non-neoplastic, and the vascular changes were characterised as vascular proliferation,ectasia, dilation and thickening and the material stained using the Weigerts resorcin-fuchsin method was used to evaluatesclerosis and the vascular fibroelastosis. The metalloproteinase expression was evaluated using an anti-metalloproteinase-2antibody. The main non-neoplastic lesions found in the urothelium included clear cell metaplasia, dysplasia, hyperplasia,haemorrhage, cystitis cystica and Brunns nests and the neoplastic lesions were haemangioma, myxoma, transitional cellcarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, in situ carcinoma and haemangiosarcoma. The urothelium measurements revealed differencesbetween the epithelial thicknesses of bladders with and without neoplasms. The bladder vasculature evaluation revealed...(AU)

Renal myxoma in a feline

Background: Renal neoplasms are a rare condition in felines, with metastatic lymphoma presenting the highest incidencerate. Secondary renal neoplasms are more frequent (88%) than primary renal tumors, with primary mesenquimal renalneoplasms accounting for 22% of the cases and the incidence of benign tumors not exceeding 5%. Myxomas are neoplasmsin undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with abundant reproduction of the myxoid matrix, with few few case reports aboutthis type of neoplasm in the veterinary literature. This study reports the first case of renal myxoma in a young feline afflicted by granulomatous nephritis and diagnosed with FIP (Feline Infectious Peritonitis).Case: A 9-month-old, male, mixed breed feline, was admitted into the Veterinary Hospital maintained by the Schoolof Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Brazil, presenting symptoms such progressive weight loss andoccasional episodes of emesis for one week, progressing to anorexia, hematochezia, vocalization, lack of coordination,spasms, anuria and inability to defecate. A physical examination revealed moderate dehydration, low temperatures (<33ºC), dyspnea (36 mpm), slight hyperglycemia (187 mg/dL) and distension of the abdomen and of the urinary bladder.The hematological assay and the serum biochemistry assay revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemiaand slight uremia. In view of the severity of the neurologic signs and lack of response to the clinical treatment, the owneropted to euthanize the animal. The necropsy revealed diffused jaundice, with kidney injuries observed through the palecoloration of the tissue and irregular surface with multiple off-white small nodules distributed in a marked and diffuseway. The same injury pattern was observed markedly in the lungs and discretely in the spleen and liver. The material collected was fixed in a 10% formalin solution, and processed according to the routine technique (Hematoxylin & Eosin)...

Renal myxoma in a feline

Background: Renal neoplasms are a rare condition in felines, with metastatic lymphoma presenting the highest incidencerate. Secondary renal neoplasms are more frequent (88%) than primary renal tumors, with primary mesenquimal renalneoplasms accounting for 22% of the cases and the incidence of benign tumors not exceeding 5%. Myxomas are neoplasmsin undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with abundant reproduction of the myxoid matrix, with few few case reports aboutthis type of neoplasm in the veterinary literature. This study reports the first case of renal myxoma in a young feline afflicted by granulomatous nephritis and diagnosed with FIP (Feline Infectious Peritonitis).Case: A 9-month-old, male, mixed breed feline, was admitted into the Veterinary Hospital maintained by the Schoolof Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Brazil, presenting symptoms such progressive weight loss andoccasional episodes of emesis for one week, progressing to anorexia, hematochezia, vocalization, lack of coordination,spasms, anuria and inability to defecate. A physical examination revealed moderate dehydration, low temperatures (<33ºC), dyspnea (36 mpm), slight hyperglycemia (187 mg/dL) and distension of the abdomen and of the urinary bladder.The hematological assay and the serum biochemistry assay revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemiaand slight uremia. In view of the severity of the neurologic signs and lack of response to the clinical treatment, the owneropted to euthanize the animal. The necropsy revealed diffused jaundice, with kidney injuries observed through the palecoloration of the tissue and irregular surface with multiple off-white small nodules distributed in a marked and diffuseway. The same injury pattern was observed markedly in the lungs and discretely in the spleen and liver. The material collected was fixed in a 10% formalin solution, and processed according to the routine technique (Hematoxylin & Eosin)...(AU)

Mixoma oral em um bovino / Oral myxoma in a steer

Background: Myxoma is a benign neoplasm of mesenchymal cells producing a myxomatous matrix rich in mucopolysaccharides. This tumor occasionally has been described in older dogs and cats, and rarely occurs in other species. In ruminants myxomas can be found in the rumen and omasum, but there are no reports of these neoplasms involving the oral cavity of cattle. Only one case of myxoma was diagnosed in a 40-year study of 606 neoplasms in cattle in South Africa. Similar retrospective studies done in cattle from southern and northeastern Brazil also detected a single case of cutaneous myxoma. The current study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a rare occurrence of bovine oral myxoma.Case: A 22-month-old male crossbreed steer (Bosindicus) from the municipality of Rio Verde, GO (17°44′42″S 50°55′00″W), Brazil, presented a history of sialorrhea. There is no another affected animal in the herd. Clinical evaluation revealed mild swelling in the lower incisive gum. Treatment with flumetasone IM for three consecutive days was performed. Two months after this procedure, there was a considerable increase in the size to a flat, firm mass of 16x13x9 cm. Other clinical signs included emaciation and severe difficulty in feeding and drinking water. After surgical excision, fragments of the tumor were collected for histopathology. There is no local recurrence within approximately one year of the surgery. Microscopically, the lamina propria was found to be expanded and replaced by a nonencapsulated, moderately cellular, poorly demarcated, neoplastic proliferation. The lesion was composed of numerous loosely arranged bundles of cells in an abundant myxoid matrix. The bulk of the tumor parenchyma was formed by spindle or stellate cells with poorly demarcated borders and scant, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were oval and hyperchromatic. Mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were present, along with rare mitotic figures.[...](AU)

Mixoma oral em um bovino / Oral myxoma in a steer

Background: Myxoma is a benign neoplasm of mesenchymal cells producing a myxomatous matrix rich in mucopolysaccharides. This tumor occasionally has been described in older dogs and cats, and rarely occurs in other species. In ruminants myxomas can be found in the rumen and omasum, but there are no reports of these neoplasms involving the oral cavity of cattle. Only one case of myxoma was diagnosed in a 40-year study of 606 neoplasms in cattle in South Africa. Similar retrospective studies done in cattle from southern and northeastern Brazil also detected a single case of cutaneous myxoma. The current study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a rare occurrence of bovine oral myxoma.Case: A 22-month-old male crossbreed steer (Bosindicus) from the municipality of Rio Verde, GO (17°44′42″S 50°55′00″W), Brazil, presented a history of sialorrhea. There is no another affected animal in the herd. Clinical evaluation revealed mild swelling in the lower incisive gum. Treatment with flumetasone IM for three consecutive days was performed. Two months after this procedure, there was a considerable increase in the size to a flat, firm mass of 16x13x9 cm. Other clinical signs included emaciation and severe difficulty in feeding and drinking water. After surgical excision, fragments of the tumor were collected for histopathology. There is no local recurrence within approximately one year of the surgery. Microscopically, the lamina propria was found to be expanded and replaced by a nonencapsulated, moderately cellular, poorly demarcated, neoplastic proliferation. The lesion was composed of numerous loosely arranged bundles of cells in an abundant myxoid matrix. The bulk of the tumor parenchyma was formed by spindle or stellate cells with poorly demarcated borders and scant, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were oval and hyperchromatic. Mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were present, along with rare mitotic figures.[...]

Cutaneous myxoma in a pintagol (Sporagra magellanica X Serinus canaria) / Mixoma cutâneo em um pintagol

Myxomas are benign mesenchymal tumors rarely described in birds. This report describes the clinical and pathological findings in a case of myxoma in a pintagol (Sporagra magellanicaX Serinus canaria). The animal had a nodule on the dorsal region of the third digit on the left hindlimb. Grossly, it was a 0.9×0.5×0.4cm, soft, white nodule, with black and yellow areas on the cut surface. Microscopically, a well-differentiated monomorphic population of spindle cells arranged in an abundant Alcian blue-positive myxoid matrix was observed. The diagnosis of myxoma was based on the microscopic findings.(AU)

Mixomas são tumores mesenquimais benignos incomuns em aves. Este trabalho objetiva descrever os achados clínico-patológicos de um caso de mixoma em um pintagol. A ave apresentou aumento de volume na região dorsal do terceiro dígito do membro pélvico esquerdo. Macroscopicamente, notou-se um nódulo de 0,9x0,5x0,4cm, macio, esbranquiçado, com áreas amareladas e enegrecidas na superfície de corte. A histopatologia revelou população monomórfica de células fusiformes, com baixo pleomorfismo, arranjadas em meio à matriz mixóide positiva para a coloração de azul alciano. Com base nos achados histopatológicos, foi firmado o diagnóstico de mixoma.(AU)

Clinical and pathological aspects of peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the brachial plexus with spinal cord canal infiltration in a dog / Aspectos clínico-patológicos da neoplasia da bainha de mielina no plexo braquial com infiltração do canal medular em um cão

Background: Primary neoplasms of peripheral nerves are uncommon in domestic animals and are mainly represented by nerve sheath tumors. They occur especially in the peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus, and may occasionally invade and compress the spinal cord. Initial clinical diagnosis is challenging, since the main clinical sign is a progressive claudication, whose origin, neurogenic or musculoskeletal, is not usually defined. The objective of this report is to describe clinical, ultrasonographic, tomographic and histopathological findings in a peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the brachial plexus of a dog, to assist clinicians making an early diagnosis, so patients can attain longer survival.Case: A 9-year-old, male, intact, Dachshund was presented to a veterinary neurologist with a history of lameness of the right forelimb onset five months ago. The condition progressed slowly to right hemiparesis and proprioceptive ataxia. Clinical and neurological findings included right hemiparesis, proprioceptive ataxia and proprioceptive deficits with decreased flexor reflex and marked atrophy of the right forelimb. Palpation of the right axilla allowed identification of a firm 1 x 3 cm mass, with intense hyperesthesia. Ultrasound examination of the right axilla revealed hypoechoic tubular mass of 1.5 x 3 cm (Figure 1). Once the animal presented signs of ataxia and paresis to the...(AU)

As neoplasias primárias dos nervos periféricos são infrequentes nos animais domésticos e são representadas, principalmente pelas neoplasias da bainha de mielina [1,2,13]. Podem originar-se nos nervos cranianos, espinhais e, principalmente, nos nervos periféricos ou raízes do plexo braquial, na qual, ocasionalmente, infiltram no canal medular e comprimem a medula espinhal [1,9]. O diagnóstico clínico inicial é desafiador, visto que o principal sinal clínico observado é uma claudicação progressiva, cuja origem, neurogê- nica ou músculo-esquelética, é difícil de ser esclarecida [3,6]. Com isso, na maioria das vezes, o diagnóstico é tardio, tornando, geralmente, o prognóstico desfavorá- vel. Exames complementares como ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada auxiliam no diagnóstico precoce [3,5,8-10]. O objetivo desse relato é descrever as alterações clínicas, ultrassonográficas, tomográficas e histopatológicas da neoplasia em bainha de mielina localizada no plexo braquial de um cão, visando auxiliar o clínico a realizar um diagnóstico precoce e possibilitar uma maior sobrevida aos pacientes...(AU)

Clinical and pathological aspects of peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the brachial plexus with spinal cord canal infiltration in a dog / Aspectos clínico-patológicos da neoplasia da bainha de mielina no plexo braquial com infiltração do canal medular em um cão

Background: Primary neoplasms of peripheral nerves are uncommon in domestic animals and are mainly represented by nerve sheath tumors. They occur especially in the peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus, and may occasionally invade and compress the spinal cord. Initial clinical diagnosis is challenging, since the main clinical sign is a progressive claudication, whose origin, neurogenic or musculoskeletal, is not usually defined. The objective of this report is to describe clinical, ultrasonographic, tomographic and histopathological findings in a peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the brachial plexus of a dog, to assist clinicians making an early diagnosis, so patients can attain longer survival.Case: A 9-year-old, male, intact, Dachshund was presented to a veterinary neurologist with a history of lameness of the right forelimb onset five months ago. The condition progressed slowly to right hemiparesis and proprioceptive ataxia. Clinical and neurological findings included right hemiparesis, proprioceptive ataxia and proprioceptive deficits with decreased flexor reflex and marked atrophy of the right forelimb. Palpation of the right axilla allowed identification of a firm 1 x 3 cm mass, with intense hyperesthesia. Ultrasound examination of the right axilla revealed hypoechoic tubular mass of 1.5 x 3 cm (Figure 1). Once the animal presented signs of ataxia and paresis to the...

As neoplasias primárias dos nervos periféricos são infrequentes nos animais domésticos e são representadas, principalmente pelas neoplasias da bainha de mielina [1,2,13]. Podem originar-se nos nervos cranianos, espinhais e, principalmente, nos nervos periféricos ou raízes do plexo braquial, na qual, ocasionalmente, infiltram no canal medular e comprimem a medula espinhal [1,9]. O diagnóstico clínico inicial é desafiador, visto que o principal sinal clínico observado é uma claudicação progressiva, cuja origem, neurogê- nica ou músculo-esquelética, é difícil de ser esclarecida [3,6]. Com isso, na maioria das vezes, o diagnóstico é tardio, tornando, geralmente, o prognóstico desfavorá- vel. Exames complementares como ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada auxiliam no diagnóstico precoce [3,5,8-10]. O objetivo desse relato é descrever as alterações clínicas, ultrassonográficas, tomográficas e histopatológicas da neoplasia em bainha de mielina localizada no plexo braquial de um cão, visando auxiliar o clínico a realizar um diagnóstico precoce e possibilitar uma maior sobrevida aos pacientes...

Prevalência e aspectos anatomopatológicos das neoplasias primárias do coração, de tecidos da base do coração e metastáticas, em cães do Sul de Minas Gerais (1994-2009) / Prevalence and anatomopathological findings of primary cardiac neoplasms of the heart base tissues and metastases in dogs from southern Minas Gerais, Brazil (1994-2009)

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e achados anatomopatológicos de tumores primários e metastáticos do coração ou de tecidos da base do coração, diagnosticados em caninos do Sul de Minas Gerais. O diagnóstico foi realizado mediante análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica das neoplasias. Durante os anos de 1994-2009, foram realizadas 2397 necropsias em caninos. Neoplasias no coração foram detectadas em 31 cães (1,29%), onde, sete (22,58%) eram primárias e 24 (77,42%) metastáticas. As neoplasias diagnosticadas como primárias do coração foram o hemangiossarcoma (1/7) e o mixoma (1/7); e como primárias da base do coração o quimiodectoma (3/7) e o carcinoma de tireoide ectópica (2/7). A frequência foi maior em cães machos (5/7), da raça Boxer (3/7) e com idade média de 9,7±1,88 anos. Nas neoplasias metastáticas, a frequência foi maior em fêmeas (15/24), em cães da raça Rottweiler (7/24) e a idade média foi de 7,5±3,23 anos, sendo o linfoma de células T a neoplasia metastática de maior ocorrência (7/27).(AU)

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and anatomopathological findings of primary and metastatic heart tumors and from heart base tumors diagnosed in dogs from southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The diagnosis was based on histological characteristics and immunophenotyping of the tumors cells. From 1994 to 2009, 2397 necropsies of dogs were performed. Cardiac neoplasms were diagnosed in 31 dogs (1.29%), where seven (22.58%) were primary and 24 (77.42%) were metastatic. Neoplasms of the heart diagnosed as primary were hemangiosarcoma (1/7) and myxoma (1/7), and, primary of heart base, the chemodectoma (3/7) and ectopic thyroid carcinoma (2/7). Frequency was higher in male dogs (5/7), of Boxer breed (3/7) with mean age of 9.7±1.88 years. In metastatic neoplasms, the frequency was higher in female dogs (15/24), of Rottweiler breed (7/24) with the mean age of 7.5±3.23 years. The T cell lymphoma (7/27) was the most frequent neoplasm, diagnosed as metastatic.(AU)

Clinical evaluation of enalapril maleate and furosemide usage in dogs with degenerative myxomatous mitral valve, CHF functional class Ib / Avaliação clínica da utilização do maleato de enalapril e furosemida em cães com doença degenerativa mixomatosa da válvula mitral, classe funcional Ib

Degenerative myxomatous mitral valve (DMMV) is a heart disease of high incidence in small animal clinical medicine, affecting mainly older dogs and small breeds. Thus, a scientific investigation was performed in order to evaluate the clinical use of the medicines furosemide and enalapril maleate in dogs with this disease in CHF functional class Ib before and after the treatment was established. For this purpose 16 dogs with the given valve disease were used, separated into two groups: the first received furosemide (n=8) and the second received enalapril maleate (n=8) throughout 56 days. The dogs were evaluated in four stages (T0, T14, T28 and T56 day) in relation to clinical signs, hematological, biochemical and serum assessment, which included serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and aldosterone, as well as radiography, electrocardiography, Doppler-echocardiography and blood pressure. The results regarding the clinical, hematological and serum chemistry evaluations revealed no significant changes in both groups, but significant reductions in the values of ACE and aldosterone in the group receiving enalapril maleate were verified. The radiographic examination revealed reductions of VHS values and variable Pms wave of the electrocardiogram in both groups, but no changes in blood pressure values were identified. The echocardiogram showed a significant decrease of the variables LVDd/s in the studied groups and the FS percent in animals that received only enalapril. Therefore, analysis of results showed that monotherapy based on enalapril maleate showed better efficiency of symptoms control in patients with CHF functional class Ib.

A doença degenerativa mixomatosa da válvula mitral (DDMVM) é uma cardiopatia de alta incidência na clínica médica de pequenos animais, acometendo mormente cães idosos e raças de pequeno porte. Desta forma, foi realizada uma investigação científica objetivando avaliar clinicamente a utilização dos fármacos maleato de enalapril e furosemida em cães com a referida enfermidade na classe funcional Ib da ICC, antes e após a terapêutica implantada. Para isso, utilizaram-se 16 cães portadores da valvulopatia supracitada, distribuídos em dois grupos; com o primeiro recebendo furosemida (n=8) e o segundo maleato de enalapril (n=8), durante 56 dias. Os cães foram avaliados em quatro momentos (T0, T14, T28 e T56 dias) quanto aos sinais clínicos e parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímico-séricos, que incluíram concentrações séricas da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA) e aldosterona, como também avaliações radiográficas, eletrocardiográficas, ecodopplercardiográficas e da pressão arterial. Os resultados quanto aos parâmetros clínicos, avaliações hematológicas e bioquímicas séricas não revelaram alterações significativas em ambos os grupos, mas reduções significativas nos valores de ECA e aldosterona no grupo que recebeu o maleato de enalapril foram identificadas. Ao exame radiográfico observou-se reduções nos valores de VHS e na variável onda Pms do eletrocardiograma em ambos os grupos, mas sem alterações nos valores da pressão arterial. Por sua vez, o ecodopplercardiograma evidenciou diminuição significativa das variáveis DIVEd/s nos grupos estudados e na FEC por cento nos cães que receberam somente enalapril. Portanto, a análise dos resultados encontrados indicou que a monoterapia fundamentada no maleato de enalapril apresentou melhor eficiência no controle do quadro clínico em pacientes da classe funcional Ib da ICC.

Avaliação clínica da utilização do maleato de enalapril e furosemida em cães com doença degenerativa mixomatosa da válvula mitral, classe funcional Ib / Clinical evaluation of enalapril maleate and furosemide usage in dogs with degenerative myxomatous mitral valve, CHF functional class Ib

Degenerative myxomatous mitral valve (DMMV) is a heart disease of high incidence in small animal clinical medicine, affecting mainly older dogs and small breeds. Thus, a scientific investigation was performed in order to evaluate the clinical use of the medicines furosemide and enalapril maleate in dogs with this disease in CHF functional class Ib before and after the treatment was established. For this purpose 16 dogs with the given valve disease were used, separated into two groups: the first received furosemide (n=8) and the second received enalapril maleate (n=8) throughout 56 days. The dogs were evaluated in four stages (T0, T14, T28 and T56 day) in relation to clinical signs, hematological, biochemical and serum assessment, which included serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and aldosterone, as well as radiography, electrocardiography, Doppler-echocardiography and blood pressure. The results regarding the clinical, hematological and serum chemistry evaluations revealed no significant changes in both groups, but significant reductions in the values of ACE and aldosterone in the group receiving enalapril maleate were verified. The radiographic examination revealed reductions of VHS values and variable Pms wave of the electrocardiogram in both groups, but no changes in blood pressure values were identified. The echocardiogram showed a significant decrease of the variables LVDd/s in the studied groups and the FS percent in animals that received only enalapril. Therefore, analysis of results showed that monotherapy based on enalapril maleate showed better efficiency of symptoms control in patients with CHF functional class Ib.(AU)

A doença degenerativa mixomatosa da válvula mitral (DDMVM) é uma cardiopatia de alta incidência na clínica médica de pequenos animais, acometendo mormente cães idosos e raças de pequeno porte. Desta forma, foi realizada uma investigação científica objetivando avaliar clinicamente a utilização dos fármacos maleato de enalapril e furosemida em cães com a referida enfermidade na classe funcional Ib da ICC, antes e após a terapêutica implantada. Para isso, utilizaram-se 16 cães portadores da valvulopatia supracitada, distribuídos em dois grupos; com o primeiro recebendo furosemida (n=8) e o segundo maleato de enalapril (n=8), durante 56 dias. Os cães foram avaliados em quatro momentos (T0, T14, T28 e T56 dias) quanto aos sinais clínicos e parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímico-séricos, que incluíram concentrações séricas da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA) e aldosterona, como também avaliações radiográficas, eletrocardiográficas, ecodopplercardiográficas e da pressão arterial. Os resultados quanto aos parâmetros clínicos, avaliações hematológicas e bioquímicas séricas não revelaram alterações significativas em ambos os grupos, mas reduções significativas nos valores de ECA e aldosterona no grupo que recebeu o maleato de enalapril foram identificadas. Ao exame radiográfico observou-se reduções nos valores de VHS e na variável onda Pms do eletrocardiograma em ambos os grupos, mas sem alterações nos valores da pressão arterial. Por sua vez, o ecodopplercardiograma evidenciou diminuição significativa das variáveis DIVEd/s nos grupos estudados e na FEC por cento nos cães que receberam somente enalapril. Portanto, a análise dos resultados encontrados indicou que a monoterapia fundamentada no maleato de enalapril apresentou melhor eficiência no controle do quadro clínico em pacientes da classe funcional Ib da ICC.(AU)

Doenças da cavidade nasal em ruminantes no Brasil / Diseases of the nasal cavity of ruminants in Brazil

This paper reports diseases of the nasal cavity diagnosed in ruminants in the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Patos, state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil, from 2003 to 2009. During that period three cases or outbreaks of diseases of the nasal cavity were reported in cattle, three in goats and nine in sheep (out of 404 diseases diagnosed in cattle, 330 in goats, and 338 in sheep). At all are reported one case of atopic rhinitis in cattle, seven outbreaks of conidiobolomycosis and two outbreaks of rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep, two cases of protothecosis and one of nasal aspergillosis in goats, and a myxoma and a fibrosarcoma in cattle. Additionally, other diseases of the nasal cavity reported in Brazil are reviewed, including oestrosis, rhinosporidiosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and enzootic ethmoidal tumor.(AU)

Este trabalho descreve as doenças das fossas nasais diagnosticadas em ruminantes no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, em Patos, Paraíba, nos anos de 2003-2009. No período foram registrados três diagnósticos de doenças das fossas nasais de bovinos, três em caprinos e nove em ovinos (de um total de 404 diagnósticos em bovinos, 330 em caprinos e 338 em ovinos). Descrevem-se um caso de rinite atópica em bovinos, sete surtos de conidiobolomicose e dois de pitiose rinofacial em ovinos, dois casos de prototecose e um de aspergilose nasal em caprinos e um mixoma e um fibrossarcoma em bovinos. Adicionalmente, é realizada uma revisão de outras doenças das fossas nasais de ruminantes descritas em outras regiões do Brasil, incluindo oestrose, rinosporidiose, carcinoma epidermóide e tumor etmoidal enzoótico.(AU)

Mixomatose em coelho – revisão da literatura / Myxomatosis in rabbit – a literature review / Mixomatosis en conejos – revisión de la literatura

A mixomatose é uma doença infectocontagiosa, de notificação obrigatória, que acomete coelhos, provocada por um vírus da família Poxviridae (Myxoma virus), transmitida direta ou indiretamente através de vetores. Possui grande importância mundial devido a sua endemicidade e alto índice de mortalidade. É caracterizada por blefaroconjuntivite bilateral, nodulações e edema disseminado por todo o corpo, em especial edema na face, no focinho e nas orelhas, dando à cabeça do animal um aspecto leonino. O diagnóstico é baseado principalmente nos sinais clínicos. Achados anatomopatológicos contribuem para o diagnóstico. A confirmação pode ser realizada por meio de microscopia eletrônica, Elisa, fixação de complemento, reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) e isolamento viral. Não há tratamento após a infecção e a maioria dos animais acometidos vão a óbito. A principal medida profilática é a vacinação.

Mixomatosis is an infectious-contagious disease of compulsory notification that affects rabbits and is caused by a virus from the Poxviridae family (Myxoma virus), trasmitted directly or indirectly through vectors. It is very important globally because of its endemicity and high mortality rate. Symptoms are bilateral blepharoconjunctivitis, noduli and generalized edema over the whole body, especially on the face, nose and ears, which makes the head of the animal resemble that of a lion. Diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical signs, aided by anatomopathological findings. Confirmation can be achieved through electron microscopy, ELISA, complement fixation test (CF), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral isolation. There is no treatment after the infection and most animals die. The most important prophylactic measure is vaccination.

La mixomatosis es una enfermedad infecto contagiosa que afecta a los conejos, de notificación obligatoria, provocada por un virus de la familia Poxviridae (Myxoma virus), que es transmitida a través de vectores, tanto en forma directa como indirecta. Debido a su carácter endémico posee una gran importancia a nivel internacional, con alto índice de mortalidad. Se caracteriza por presentar una blefaroconjuntivitis bilateral, nodulaciones y edema diseminado por todo el cuerpo, especialmente en la cara, nariz y orejas, dándole al animal un aspecto leonino. El diagnóstico se fundamenta principalmente en los signos clínicos. La anatomopatología ayuda en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. La confirmación puede realizarse a través de microscopía electrónica, Elisa, fijación de complemento, reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) y aislamiento viral. No existe un tratamiento después de instaurada la infección, y la mayoría de los animales afectados vienen a óbito. La principal medida profiláctica es la vacunación.

Mixomatose em coelho revisão da literatura / Myxomatosis in rabbit a literature review / Mixomatosis en conejos revisión de la literatura

A mixomatose é uma doença infectocontagiosa, de notificação obrigatória, que acomete coelhos, provocada por um vírus da família Poxviridae (Myxoma virus), transmitida direta ou indiretamente através de vetores. Possui grande importância mundial devido a sua endemicidade e alto índice de mortalidade. É caracterizada por blefaroconjuntivite bilateral, nodulações e edema disseminado por todo o corpo, em especial edema na face, no focinho e nas orelhas, dando à cabeça do animal um aspecto leonino. O diagnóstico é baseado principalmente nos sinais clínicos. Achados anatomopatológicos contribuem para o diagnóstico. A confirmação pode ser realizada por meio de microscopia eletrônica, Elisa, fixação de complemento, reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) e isolamento viral. Não há tratamento após a infecção e a maioria dos animais acometidos vão a óbito. A principal medida profilática é a vacinação.(AU)

Mixomatosis is an infectious-contagious disease of compulsory notification that affects rabbits and is caused by a virus from the Poxviridae family (Myxoma virus), trasmitted directly or indirectly through vectors. It is very important globally because of its endemicity and high mortality rate. Symptoms are bilateral blepharoconjunctivitis, noduli and generalized edema over the whole body, especially on the face, nose and ears, which makes the head of the animal resemble that of a lion. Diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical signs, aided by anatomopathological findings. Confirmation can be achieved through electron microscopy, ELISA, complement fixation test (CF), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral isolation. There is no treatment after the infection and most animals die. The most important prophylactic measure is vaccination.(AU)

La mixomatosis es una enfermedad infecto contagiosa que afecta a los conejos, de notificación obligatoria, provocada por un virus de la familia Poxviridae (Myxoma virus), que es transmitida a través de vectores, tanto en forma directa como indirecta. Debido a su carácter endémico posee una gran importancia a nivel internacional, con alto índice de mortalidad. Se caracteriza por presentar una blefaroconjuntivitis bilateral, nodulaciones y edema diseminado por todo el cuerpo, especialmente en la cara, nariz y orejas, dándole al animal un aspecto leonino. El diagnóstico se fundamenta principalmente en los signos clínicos. La anatomopatología ayuda en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. La confirmación puede realizarse a través de microscopía electrónica, Elisa, fijación de complemento, reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) y aislamiento viral. No existe un tratamiento después de instaurada la infección, y la mayoría de los animales afectados vienen a óbito. La principal medida profiláctica es la vacunación.(AU)

Caracterização histopatológica e imunoistoquímica de bexigas de bovinos com hematúra enzoótica

A hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) é causada pela ingestão crônica de Pteridium aquilinum e caracteriza-se pela presença de sangue na urina e desenvolvimento de lesões na bexiga, sendo responsável por grandes perdas econômicas. A intoxicação por esta planta também pode ocorrer em humanos. Objetivou-se avaliar lesões de bexigas de animais com HEB na região sul do Espírito Santo. Para isto, foram avaliadas 350 bexigas de bovinos em matadouro frigorífico e, destas, selecionadas 46 que apresentavam lesões macroscópicas e/ou hematúria. Amostras de cada bexiga foram fixadas em formol a 10% submetidas ao processamento histológico de rotina e classificadas histomorfologicamente. A imunoistoquímica foi realizada com anti-vimentina, anti-citoqueratina, anti-CD31, anti-VEGF e anti-uroplaquina apenas nas 26 bexigas que revelaram neoplasia. Lesões não neoplásicas foram observadas em 100% das amostras e neoplásicas em 56,52%. A presença de neoplasias foi significativa (p<0,05) na porção caudal da bexiga. As neoplasias encontradas foram carcinoma urotelial; carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, mixoma e hemangiossarcoma. Houve maior frequência de displasia, metaplasia de células claras, inflamação e espessamento vascular em bexigas com neoplasia. A expressão de citoqueratina foi significativa (p<0,05) nas neoplasias epiteliais e vimentina nas mesenquimais. A marcação da uroplaquina III diferiu nos diversos tipos neoplásicos e revelou-se típica e atípica enquanto que a do CD31 foi significativa (p<0,05) nas neoplasias mesenquimais vasculares. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) na quantidade de vasos extratumorais marcados pelo VEGF entre os mixomas e adenocarcinomas e nos vasos intratumorais marcados por CD31 e VEGF nos diferentes tipos tumorais. Houve correlação positiva entre os vasos extra e intratumorais nos hemangiomas, hemangiossarcomas e mixomas marcados pelo CD31; nos hemangiomas, mixomas e adenocarcinomas marcados pelo VEGF; entre a expressão de vimentina e CD31 e entre citoqueratina e uroplaquina. Conclui-se que bexigas de bovinos com HEB apresentam lesões não neoplásicas e neoplásicas, isoladas ou associadas. Os biomarcadores auxiliam na diferenciação da histogênese das neoplasias epiteliais e mesenquimais vasculares. Uroplaquina demonstrou-se efetiva para a avaliação da integridade urotelial e os marcadores vasculares (CD31 e VEGF) para a integridade endotelial e para o prognóstico

Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is caused by chronic ingestion of Pteridium aquilinum and is characterized by the presence of blood in the urine and development of lesions in the urinary bladder and is responsible for economic losses. Poisoning by this plant can also occur in humans. The objective was to evaluate the lesions in bladders of animals with BEH in the south region of the Espírito Santo. For this, were evaluated 350 bladders of bovines in a slaughterhouse and, of these, selected 46 that had macroscopic lesions and/or hematuria. Samples of each bladder were fixed in formalin 10% submitted to histological processing and classified by histomorphology. The immunohistochemistry was performed with anti-vimentin, anti-cytokeratin, anti-CD31, anti-VEGF and anti-uroplakin only in the 26 bladders that presented neoplastic lesions. Non-neoplastic lesions were observed in 100% of samples and the neoplastic in 56.52%. The presence of tumors was significant (p<0.05) in the caudal portion of the bladder. Detected neoplastic types were urothelial carcinoma, in situ carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, myxoma and hemangiosarcoma. There was a higher frequency of dysplasia, clear cell metaplasia, inflammation and vascular thickening in bladders with neoplasm. The expression of cytokeratin was significant (p<0.05) in epithelial neoplasms and vimentin in mesenchymal neoplasms. Uroplakin III differed in varied types of neoplastic lesions and showed to be typical and atypical while that of CD31 was significantly (p <0.05) in vascular mesenchymal neoplasms. A significant difference (p <0.05) in the number of vessels extratumorais stained by VEGF between myxomas and adenocarcinomas, and in intratumoral vessels stained by CD31 and VEGF in the different tumor types. Positive correlation existed between the number of intra- and extratumoral vessels in hemangiomas, hemangiosarcomas, and myxomas stained by CD31; between hemangiomas, myxomas, and adenocarcinomas stained with VEGF; between the expression of vimentin and CD31 and between cytokeratin and uroplakin. It is concluded that bladders from bovines with BEH have non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, isolated or associated. Biomarkers aid in the differentiation of the histogenesis of epithelial and vascular mesenchymal neoplasms. Uroplakin demonstrated to be effective for the assessment of integrity urothelial, and vascular markers (CD31 and VEGF) for endothelial integrity and for prognosis

Achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos em um surto de mixomatose no Rio de Janeiro (relato de caso) / Clinical and anatomopatological findings in a mixomatosis outbreak in Rio de Janeiro (case report) / Descubiertos Clínicos y Anatomopatológicos en una Erupción de Mixomatosis en el Rio de Janeiro (Relato de Caso)

Relata-se, um surto de Mixomatose atingindo um criatório de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) no município de Maricá, RJ - Brasil, no ano de 2002, onde foram examinados e necropsiados 6 animais. Clinicamente foram observados edema de face, orelhas, pálpebras e genitália externa; blefaro-conjuntivite purulenta, além de deformação naso-labial e presença de nódulos cutâneos principalmente no pavilhão auricular. À necropsia observou-se, além das alterações já encontradas no exame clínico, aumento dos linfonodos retrofaríngeos e submandibulares em dois animais e alterações pneumônicas e esplenomegalia em outros dois. Microscopicamente foram observadas alterações epidérmicas e, na derme, aspecto mixomatoso. Ainda foram observadas pneumonia intersticial com edema, e degeneração testicular.(AU)

An outbreak of myxomatosis that happened in a raising of european rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), in Maricá city, RJ Brazil, in the year 2002, is related. Six animals were clinically examinated, and there were edema in face, ears, eyelids and external genitalia; purulent blepharitis and conjuntivitis; nasal and labial deformation; and cutaneous nodules more frequent in the pinna. At necropsy of these animals, besides the characteristics found in the clinical examination, it was observed an increase of retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes in two animals and pneumonic changes and splenomegaly in others two animals Microscopically, epidermic changes were observed and, in the dermis, a myxomatous aspect. Furthermore, testicular degeneration and insterstitial pneumonia with edema were found.(AU)

Relatase una erupción de mixomatosis que ha antingido a un grupo de conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en la ciudad de Maricá, RJ Brasil, en el año de 2002, dónde fueron hecho exámenes en 6 animales. Al examen clínico se observó edema en la cara, orejas, párpados y genitária externa; blefaro-conjuntivite, deformación naso-labial y presencia de nódulos cutáneos principalmente en la oreja. En la necropsia además de las alteraciones ya encontradas en el examen clínico se observó aumento de los ganglios linfáticos en dos animales, y alteraciones neumónicas y esplenomegalia en otros dos. Microscopicamente se fueron observadas alteraciones epidérmicas y, en la dermis, aspecto mixomatoso. Aun se observaron neumonia intersticial con edema y degeracíon testicular.(AU)