Food habits of the Cougar Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Central Andes of the Colombian Coffee Region

The feeding habits of the cougar have been scarcely studied in Colombia, despite its importance in the ecosystems it inhabits. In this study, we analysed the diet of the cougar using 53 feces samples collected from several sites in the Central Andes of Colombia’s Coffee Growing Region. To identify prey species, we examined and compared bone fragments and hairs found in each sample with descriptions published in relevant literature and with specimens from the Natural History Museum of the Universidad de Caldas, Colombia. We found that rabbits (Sylvilagus sp.) provided half of the relative biomass consumed by the cougar (50%). Other preys identified belong to representatives of medium and large mammals such as marsupials (Didelphis: 10%), sloths (Choloepus: 9%), rodents (Coendou: 10%, Cuniculus: 9%), and deer (Mazama: 9%). Of the preys, Coendou rufescens has not, to our knowledge, been previously included in cougar diet literature. The curve of accumulation of species indicated that the number of samples obtained in this work fully describe the diet of this feline. Neither domestic species were recorded in this work, nor were there any relationships between the dry or rainy seasons and the consumption of prey species. The comparison of the information reported in this study and others carried out in the Andes may indicate the general nature of this feline’s diet and its adaptability to the prey species found in each area, since these vary in each one of them. It is probable that the obtained trophic niche value (0.33) is due to the abundance of rabbits present in the study area. It is also probable that the cougar has not consumed domestic species since, although it is close to cattle ranches, it has enough of wild prey in the area to supply its needs. The results of this study may help to improve our understanding of the feeding habits of this predator and...

Food habits of the Cougar Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Central Andes of the Colombian Coffee Region

The feeding habits of the cougar have been scarcely studied in Colombia, despite its importance in the ecosystems it inhabits. In this study, we analysed the diet of the cougar using 53 feces samples collected from several sites in the Central Andes of Colombias Coffee Growing Region. To identify prey species, we examined and compared bone fragments and hairs found in each sample with descriptions published in relevant literature and with specimens from the Natural History Museum of the Universidad de Caldas, Colombia. We found that rabbits (Sylvilagus sp.) provided half of the relative biomass consumed by the cougar (50%). Other preys identified belong to representatives of medium and large mammals such as marsupials (Didelphis: 10%), sloths (Choloepus: 9%), rodents (Coendou: 10%, Cuniculus: 9%), and deer (Mazama: 9%). Of the preys, Coendou rufescens has not, to our knowledge, been previously included in cougar diet literature. The curve of accumulation of species indicated that the number of samples obtained in this work fully describe the diet of this feline. Neither domestic species were recorded in this work, nor were there any relationships between the dry or rainy seasons and the consumption of prey species. The comparison of the information reported in this study and others carried out in the Andes may indicate the general nature of this felines diet and its adaptability to the prey species found in each area, since these vary in each one of them. It is probable that the obtained trophic niche value (0.33) is due to the abundance of rabbits present in the study area. It is also probable that the cougar has not consumed domestic species since, although it is close to cattle ranches, it has enough of wild prey in the area to supply its needs. The results of this study may help to improve our understanding of the feeding habits of this predator and...(AU)

Isolamento e caracterização de espécies de Pythium de ambientes aquáticos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e avaliação da patogenicidade em modelo experimental / Isolation and characterization of Pythium species from swampy areas in the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and evaluation of pathogenicity in an experimental model

Foram coletadas 186 amostras de água de ambientes pantanosos em 13 municípios das regiões Sul, Central e Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com o objetivo de isolar e caracterizar espécies de Pythium e avaliar a sua patogenicidade empregando coelhos como modelo experimental. Em 11,8% (n=22) das águas coletadas foram isoladas diferentes espécies de Pythium incluindo: P. insidiosum (n=1), P. catenulatum (n=3), P. pachycaule voucher (n=1), P. rhizo-oryzae (n=3), P. torulosum (n=4) e Pythium spp. (n=10). Zoósporos desses micro-organismos foram produzidos in vitro e inoculados por via subcutânea em coelhos, os quais foram avaliados durante 45 dias. Dentre os oomicetos testados, apenas P. insidiosum evidenciou patogenicidade, causando pitiose no modelo experimental, evidenciando que, em nossas condições, apenas esta espécie de Pythium é patógena para mamíferos.(AU)

One hundred and eighty-six water samples from swampy areas were collected in 13 municipalities of South, Central and West regions of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in order to isolate and characterize Pythium species and assess their pathogenicity using rabbits as experimental model. Different Pythium species were isolated from 22 (11.8%) water samples, including P. insidiosum (n=1), P. catenulatum (n=3), P. pachycaule voucher (n=1), P. rhizo-oryzae (n=3), P. torulosum (n=4) e Pythium spp. (n=10). Zoospores of these microorganisms were produced in vitro and inoculated subcutaneously into rabbits, which were assessed over 45 days. Only P. insidiosum showed pathogenicity, causing pythiosis in the experimental model.(AU)

Isolamento e caracterização de espécies de Pythium de ambientes aquáticos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e avaliação da patogenicidade em modelo experimental / Isolation and characterization of Pythium species from swampy areas in the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and evaluation of pathogenicity in an experimental model

Foram coletadas 186 amostras de água de ambientes pantanosos em 13 municípios das regiões Sul, Central e Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com o objetivo de isolar e caracterizar espécies de Pythium e avaliar a sua patogenicidade empregando coelhos como modelo experimental. Em 11,8% (n=22) das águas coletadas foram isoladas diferentes espécies de Pythium incluindo: P. insidiosum (n=1), P. catenulatum (n=3), P. pachycaule voucher (n=1), P. rhizo-oryzae (n=3), P. torulosum (n=4) e Pythium spp. (n=10). Zoósporos desses micro-organismos foram produzidos in vitro e inoculados por via subcutânea em coelhos, os quais foram avaliados durante 45 dias. Dentre os oomicetos testados, apenas P. insidiosum evidenciou patogenicidade, causando pitiose no modelo experimental, evidenciando que, em nossas condições, apenas esta espécie de Pythium é patógena para mamíferos.(AU)

One hundred and eighty-six water samples from swampy areas were collected in 13 municipalities of South, Central and West regions of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in order to isolate and characterize Pythium species and assess their pathogenicity using rabbits as experimental model. Different Pythium species were isolated from 22 (11.8%) water samples, including P. insidiosum (n=1), P. catenulatum (n=3), P. pachycaule voucher (n=1), P. rhizo-oryzae (n=3), P. torulosum (n=4) e Pythium spp. (n=10). Zoospores of these microorganisms were produced in vitro and inoculated subcutaneously into rabbits, which were assessed over 45 days. Only P. insidiosum showed pathogenicity, causing pythiosis in the experimental model.(AU)

Regional distribution of native and exotic species in levees of the lower delta of the Paraná river - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i4.5869

The distribution and abundance of exotic and native species in levee neo-ecosystems were analyzed. No invasive species were found in unit A; their absence could be explained by the fluvial action of the Paraná river, extraordinary flood episodes and anthropic disturbances. Invasive species associated with the tidal regimen of the de la Plata river were present in units B and C, particularly Chinese privet (L. sinense), green ash (F. pennsylvanica), honey locust (G. triacanthos), Japanese honeysuckle (L. Japonica), blackberry ( Rubus spp.), box elder (A. Negundo ) and glossy privet (L. Lucidum).Native species showed low recovery values, both at a regional level and within each unit, with the exception of A. The neo-ecosystems with the greater degree of abandonment of units B and C exhibited dominance of exotic tree species and, to a lesser extent, recovery of native species of the original gallery forest (seibo, Erythrina crista galli; laurel, Nectandra falcifolia; canelón, Rapanea spp. and arrayán, Blepharocalyx tweediei).

Regional distribution of native and exotic species in levees of the lower delta of the Paraná river - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i4.5869

The distribution and abundance of exotic and native species in levee neo-ecosystems were analyzed. No invasive species were found in unit A; their absence could be explained by the fluvial action of the Paraná river, extraordinary flood episodes and anthropic disturbances. Invasive species associated with the tidal regimen of the de la Plata river were present in units B and C, particularly Chinese privet (L. sinense), green ash (F. pennsylvanica), honey locust (G. triacanthos), Japanese honeysuckle (L. Japonica), blackberry ( Rubus spp.), box elder (A. Negundo ) and glossy privet (L. Lucidum).Native species showed low recovery values, both at a regional level and within each unit, with the exception of A. The neo-ecosystems with the greater degree of abandonment of units B and C exhibited dominance of exotic tree species and, to a lesser extent, recovery of native species of the original gallery forest (seibo, Erythrina crista galli; laurel, Nectandra falcifolia; canelón, Rapanea spp. and arrayán, Blepharocalyx tweediei).