Enfisema subcutâneo generalizado secundário a pneumomediastino em gatinho recém-nascido / Generalized subcutaneous emphysema secondary to pneumomediastinum in a newborn kitten

Background: Pneumomediastinum is a rare entity characterized by the introduction of air into the mediastinum. Primaryor spontaneous pneumomediastinum may occur in the absence of any disease whereas secondary pneumomediastinummay be due to a number of precipitating factors. The clinical picture is severe and the onset is acute. The present reportdescribes the clinical presentation, treatment, and the findings of a forensic investigation of a case of generalized subcutaneous emphysema secundary to pneumomediastinum in a newborn kitten.Case: A newborn kitten was presented to a veterinary climic with a history of generalized air accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue of acute onset which was noted whenever the animal suckled. Clinical care and radiographic examination wereperformed. Radiographic findings included areas of radiolucency within the subcutis suggestive of generalized subcutaneousemphysema. In the thoracic cavity, there was ventral displacement of the thoracic trachea and increased radiolucency inthe cranial mediastinum suggestive of pneumomediastinum. There was loss of definition of the cervical trachea suggestive of tracheal rupture. Based on the radiographic findings, the clinician decided to aspirate the air accumated within thesubcutis using a needle and a syringe. However, this emphysema rapidly formed after the subcutaneous air was aspirated.Euthanasia was elected due to the poor prognosis and the animal was submitted for necropsy. Main gross findings includedtraumatic intercostal laceration adjacent to the lungs under the axilla and tracheal perforation. Tracheal perforation resultedin persistent air leakage from the trachea causing pneumomediastinum which evolved into generalized subcutaneous emphysema causing the animal to inflate as air became trapped within the subcutis imparting a blown up appearance to thecat. Microscopically pulmonary collapse was observed...

Enfisema subcutâneo generalizado secundário a pneumomediastino em gatinho recém-nascido / Generalized subcutaneous emphysema secondary to pneumomediastinum in a newborn kitten

Background: Pneumomediastinum is a rare entity characterized by the introduction of air into the mediastinum. Primaryor spontaneous pneumomediastinum may occur in the absence of any disease whereas secondary pneumomediastinummay be due to a number of precipitating factors. The clinical picture is severe and the onset is acute. The present reportdescribes the clinical presentation, treatment, and the findings of a forensic investigation of a case of generalized subcutaneous emphysema secundary to pneumomediastinum in a newborn kitten.Case: A newborn kitten was presented to a veterinary climic with a history of generalized air accumulation in the subcutaneous tissue of acute onset which was noted whenever the animal suckled. Clinical care and radiographic examination wereperformed. Radiographic findings included areas of radiolucency within the subcutis suggestive of generalized subcutaneousemphysema. In the thoracic cavity, there was ventral displacement of the thoracic trachea and increased radiolucency inthe cranial mediastinum suggestive of pneumomediastinum. There was loss of definition of the cervical trachea suggestive of tracheal rupture. Based on the radiographic findings, the clinician decided to aspirate the air accumated within thesubcutis using a needle and a syringe. However, this emphysema rapidly formed after the subcutaneous air was aspirated.Euthanasia was elected due to the poor prognosis and the animal was submitted for necropsy. Main gross findings includedtraumatic intercostal laceration adjacent to the lungs under the axilla and tracheal perforation. Tracheal perforation resultedin persistent air leakage from the trachea causing pneumomediastinum which evolved into generalized subcutaneous emphysema causing the animal to inflate as air became trapped within the subcutis imparting a blown up appearance to thecat. Microscopically pulmonary collapse was observed...(AU)

Pneumomediastino, pneumotórax e enfisema subcutâneo em cão com pneumopatia e infecção pelo vírus da cinomose: relato de caso / Pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in a dog with pneumopathy and infection by the canine distemper virus: case report

Relata-se um caso de pneumomediastino, pneumotórax e enfisema subcutâneo em um cão com pneumopatia associada à cinomose. As queixas principais eram tosse, secreção nasal purulenta, apatia e enfisema subcutâneo em face, região cervical e torácica. O exame radiográfico evidenciou pneumomediastino, pneumotórax e broncopneumopatia grave com áreas de consolidação pulmonar. Teste rápido imunocromatográfico para detecção de antígeno da cinomose foi positivo e houve melhora dos sinais respiratórios com antibioticoterapia, porém o quadro evoluiu para alterações neurológicas. De acordo com a revisão de literatura realizada, não há casos semelhantes relatados.(AU)

A case of pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in a dog with pneumopathy associated to distemper is reported. The main complaints were cough, purulent nasal discharge, lethargy and subcutaneous emphysema in the face, neck, and chest area. Radiographic examination showed pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and severe bronchopneumopathy with areas of pulmonary consolidation. Rapid test for canine distemper antigen detection was positive. After the antibiotic therapy there was an improvement of respiratory signs; however, the patient developed neurological symptomatology. As far as the author´s knowledge by literature review carried out, there are no similar cases reported.(AU)

Pneumomediastino, pneumotórax e enfisema subcutâneo em cão com pneumopatia e infecção pelo vírus da cinomose: relato de caso / Pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in a dog with pneumopathy and infection by the canine distemper virus: case report

Relata-se um caso de pneumomediastino, pneumotórax e enfisema subcutâneo em um cão com pneumopatia associada à cinomose. As queixas principais eram tosse, secreção nasal purulenta, apatia e enfisema subcutâneo em face, região cervical e torácica. O exame radiográfico evidenciou pneumomediastino, pneumotórax e broncopneumopatia grave com áreas de consolidação pulmonar. Teste rápido imunocromatográfico para detecção de antígeno da cinomose foi positivo e houve melhora dos sinais respiratórios com antibioticoterapia, porém o quadro evoluiu para alterações neurológicas. De acordo com a revisão de literatura realizada, não há casos semelhantes relatados.(AU)

A case of pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in a dog with pneumopathy associated to distemper is reported. The main complaints were cough, purulent nasal discharge, lethargy and subcutaneous emphysema in the face, neck, and chest area. Radiographic examination showed pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and severe bronchopneumopathy with areas of pulmonary consolidation. Rapid test for canine distemper antigen detection was positive. After the antibiotic therapy there was an improvement of respiratory signs; however, the patient developed neurological symptomatology. As far as the author´s knowledge by literature review carried out, there are no similar cases reported.(AU)

Pneumomediastino em cão yorkshire - relato de caso / Pneumomediastinum in a Yorkshire - a case report / Neumomediastino en un Yorkshire terrier - relato de caso

Enfermidade incomum na rotina médico-veterinária, o pneumomediastino é definido como a presença de ar livre em mediastino, podendo ser oriundo de um trauma ou ter caráter espontâneo. A enfermidade tende a evoluir de forma benigna, porém é de extrema importância identificar sua causa primária por meio de exame físico minucioso e exames de imagem. Neste estudo, um macho da raça yorkshire foi encaminhado para a clínica médica com a queixa de enfisema subcutâneo na região do tórax e do pescoço. Como não havia alterações clínicas evidentes de dor e dispneia, realizou-se uma radiografia torácica, na qual se identificou o pneumomediastino. Após tratamento conservador, o paciente retornou para novo controle radiográfico e alta médica. Em função do fato de o pneumomediastino ser uma afecção rara e autolimitante, ressalta-se a necessidade de uma avaliação criteriosa para impedir possíveis complicações, que podem variar de acordo com a etiologia ou o fator desencadeante.

The pneumomediastinum is a rare disease in the veterinary medical routine and is defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinum. It can occur spontaneously or due to trauma. The disease tends to be benign, but it is extremely important to identify its primary cause by means of physical examination and imaging tests. In this study, a Yorkshire-bred male was referred to the medical clinic with subcutaneous emphysema in the chest and neck areas. Since there were no obvious signs of clinical pain or dyspnea, a thoracic radiography was performed, in which the pneumomediastinum was identified. After conservative treatment, the patient returned for new radiographic control and medical discharge. Due to the rare and self-limiting nature of this condition, carefuI assessment is needed to prevent possible complications, which can vary according to the etiology or triggering factor.

El neumomediastino es una enfermedad poco común en la clínica veterinaria, y se lo define como la presencia de aire libre en el mediastino, pudiendo estar originado en un trauma o bien ser espontáneo. La enfermedad tiene una tendencia a evolucionar de forma benigna, aunque es muy importante identificar su causa primaria mediante un examen físico minucioso y exámenes de imagen. En este trabajo se presenta un perro macho de la raza Yorkshire Terrier que fue derivado a nuestra clínica con antecedentes de enfisema subcutáneo en la región de tórax y cuello. Como no había alteraciones clínicas evidentes de dolor y disnea, se realizó una radiografía torácica en la que pudo identificarse el neumomediastino. Después de realizarse un tratamiento conservador, el paciente retornó para un control radiográfico y el alta médica. En función del hecho de que el neumomediastino es una afección rara y autolimitante, se destaca la necesidad de una evaluación criteriosa para evitar posibles complicaciones, que pueden variar de acuerdo con la etiología o factor desencadenante.

Ruptura traqueal em um cão - relato de caso / Tracheal rupture in a dog - case report / Ruptura traqueal en un perro - relato de caso

As alterações na traqueia cervical de cães e gatos provocam dificuldades respiratórias e podem ser decorrentes de tumor, corpo estranho, colapso traqueal, hipoplasia, estenose segmentar, estenose pós-intubação prolongada e traumatismo. Este último, no entanto, constitui a principal causa de ruptura ou estenose traqueal, podendo ser causado por briga entre animais ou por lesões penetrantes. As lacerações podem causar enfisema subcutâneo e mediastínico significativo. Objetiva-se com este trabalho relatar o caso de um cão sem raça definida de três anos de idade, com histórico de briga com outro cão dois dias antes, sem escoriações no corpo, mas apresentando enfisema subcutâneo generalizado. Após o diagnóstico de ruptura traqueal traumática, o animal foi submetido a traqueoplastia. A técnica se mostrou exequível e uma ótima opção em casos de pequenas lacerações.

Changes in the cervical trachea in dogs and cats cause breathing difficulties and could be due to tumors, foreign bodies, tracheal collapse, hypoplasia, segmental stenosis, prolonged post-intubation stenosis and injuries. The latter, however, is the main cause of breakage or tracheal stenosis, and may be caused by fighting among animals or penetrating injuries. Lacerations can cause significant subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. This work reports the case of a three-year-old mixed-breed dog with generalized subcutaneous emphysema and a two-day history of fight with another dog. The animal had no head injuries and was diagnosed with traumatic tracheal rupture, being submitted to tracheoplasty. The technique proved feasible and a great option for small lacerations.

Las alteraciones de la traquea cervical en perros y gatos provocan dificultades respiratorias y pueden estar asociadas a tumores, cuerpos extranos, colapso traqueal, hipoplasia, estenosis segmentaria, estenosis postintubación prolongada y traumatismo. Los traumas traqueales representan la principal causa de ruptura o estenosis de traquea, y pueden estar ocasionados por peleas entre animales o por lesiones penetrantes. Las laceraciones pueden causar un importante enfisema subcutáneo y mediastínico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es relatar el caso de un perro mestizo de tres anos, con historia de pelea con otro perro dos días antes de la consulta, sin lesiones corporales visibles, que presentaba un enfisema subcutáneo generalizado. Después del diagnóstico de ruptura traqueal traumática, se realizó una traqueoplastia. La técnica demostró ser viable en cuanto a su ejecución, representando una excelente opción terapéutica en casos de pequenas laceraciones.

Ruptura traqueal em um cão - relato de caso / Tracheal rupture in a dog - case report / Ruptura traqueal en un perro - relato de caso

As alterações na traqueia cervical de cães e gatos provocam dificuldades respiratórias e podem ser decorrentes de tumor, corpo estranho, colapso traqueal, hipoplasia, estenose segmentar, estenose pós-intubação prolongada e traumatismo. Este último, no entanto, constitui a principal causa de ruptura ou estenose traqueal, podendo ser causado por briga entre animais ou por lesões penetrantes. As lacerações podem causar enfisema subcutâneo e mediastínico significativo. Objetiva-se com este trabalho relatar o caso de um cão sem raça definida de três anos de idade, com histórico de briga com outro cão dois dias antes, sem escoriações no corpo, mas apresentando enfisema subcutâneo generalizado. Após o diagnóstico de ruptura traqueal traumática, o animal foi submetido a traqueoplastia. A técnica se mostrou exequível e uma ótima opção em casos de pequenas lacerações.(AU)

Changes in the cervical trachea in dogs and cats cause breathing difficulties and could be due to tumors, foreign bodies, tracheal collapse, hypoplasia, segmental stenosis, prolonged post-intubation stenosis and injuries. The latter, however, is the main cause of breakage or tracheal stenosis, and may be caused by fighting among animals or penetrating injuries. Lacerations can cause significant subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. This work reports the case of a three-year-old mixed-breed dog with generalized subcutaneous emphysema and a two-day history of fight with another dog. The animal had no head injuries and was diagnosed with traumatic tracheal rupture, being submitted to tracheoplasty. The technique proved feasible and a great option for small lacerations.(AU)

Las alteraciones de la traquea cervical en perros y gatos provocan dificultades respiratorias y pueden estar asociadas a tumores, cuerpos extranos, colapso traqueal, hipoplasia, estenosis segmentaria, estenosis postintubación prolongada y traumatismo. Los traumas traqueales representan la principal causa de ruptura o estenosis de traquea, y pueden estar ocasionados por peleas entre animales o por lesiones penetrantes. Las laceraciones pueden causar un importante enfisema subcutáneo y mediastínico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es relatar el caso de un perro mestizo de tres anos, con historia de pelea con otro perro dos días antes de la consulta, sin lesiones corporales visibles, que presentaba un enfisema subcutáneo generalizado. Después del diagnóstico de ruptura traqueal traumática, se realizó una traqueoplastia. La técnica demostró ser viable en cuanto a su ejecución, representando una excelente opción terapéutica en casos de pequenas laceraciones.(AU)