Resumo
Background: Gastroesophageal foreign bodies (GFD) are commonly diagnosed in dogs and are considered an endoscopic emergency that, although not resulting in serious clinical sequelae or mortality, can compromise the health and well-being of the patient. The use of the digestive endoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of GFD can be a valuable and viable alternative. There are cases of GFD in dogs for which the indicated treatment is surgery, which can be performed using minimally invasive or conventional techniques, associated or not with flexible endoscopy. The objective of this work is to describe 16 cases of GFD removal in dogs demonstrating the efficiency of upper digestive endoscopy. Cases: Of the 16 GFD cases, 63% (10/16) were male and 37% (6/16) female. Most aged under 1 year (63%), puppies (5/16) and juveniles (5/16). The patient with the lowest body weight was a miniature pinscher weighing 0.8 kg (Case 14) and the heaviest was an American Pit Bull Terrier weighing 28 kg (Case 11), the mean body weight of patients diagnosed with GFD was 10.2 ± 6.7 kg. Small and medium breeds were more affected, 44.7% (7/16) and 44.7% (7/16), respectively, and large breeds (Golden Retrievier and Bull Terrier), from cases 1 and 4, the least affected, 12.6% (2/16) of the cases. The 16 patients underwent a 12 h food fast and a 4 h water fast, as gastrointestinal emptying in these cases of GFD can be influenced by these foreign bodies. All underwent general inhalation anesthesia with monitoring of physiological parameters (temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure) before, during and after EGD, being positioned in left lateral decubitus. The 16 canine patients with suspected GFD underwent EGD for diagnostic confirmation and removal of foreign bodies. Five esophageal FB were diagnosed, 31% (5/16), and 11 gastric FB, 69% (11/16). The most frequently diagnosed foreign bodies were bone and tissue, 37.5% (6/16) and 31% (5/16). Other foreign bodies were materials such as plastics, metals, rubber, foam and stone. Of the 16 cases of GFD, EGD efficiently treated 88% (14/16) without the need for hospitalization, with only supportive treatment for the remission of complications caused by the presence of foreign bodies in the gastroesophageal tract. The main complications related to the presence of GFD were esophagitis in 25% (4/16) of cases, gastritis in 38% (6/16) and both alterations in 13% (2/16). Discussion: In this work, we can observe that more than a third of the clinical cases of treated dogs were diagnosed with GFD, demonstrating that these cases are common in the veterinary clinic. Most of these animals were males less than 1 year old. The improvement of learning in this category can lead these animals to exacerbated oral exploration of new objects. Most FBs were found in the stomach because they were of adequate size, consistency and shape for their passage through the esophagus, whereas esophageal FBs were all bone fragments of rigid consistency with diameters and sizes larger than the esophageal lumen. The interval between the ingestion of the object and the veterinary care can be decisive for the removal of the FB in the esophagus or stomach. Most gastric FBs removed were fabrics and plastics, flexible objects that can pass through the esophageal lumen more easily. Removal of GFD by endoscopy was performed with a high success rate, with only 2 cases being resolved by esophagostomy and gastrotomy. Flexible endoscopy proved to be an efficient technique for removing treated GFD, which can help remove FB during esophagotomy and be associated with rigid endoscopy. Patients recovered quickly and without complications, but it is important to emphasize that inadequate maneuvers and conducts can determine other outcomes. The use of endoscopy for GFD removal needs to be more popularized, as it can ensure better results for dogs treated with GFD.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Trato Gastrointestinal Superior/cirurgia , Trato Gastrointestinal Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpos Estranhos/cirurgia , Corpos Estranhos/veterinária , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/veterináriaResumo
A onça-pintada encontra-se classificada como "quase ameaçada" na lista vermelha de animais ameaçados da União Internacional para Conservação da Natureza (IUCN), com tendência ao declínio na América Latina, o que pode afetar o fluxo gênico elevando o risco de endogamia. Técnicas de reprodução assistida (TRAs) como colheita de sêmen e inseminação artificial (IA), são ferramentas que podem se tornar essenciais a manutenção da diversidade genética desses animais. A colheita de sêmen pode ser realizada por eletroejaculação (EEJ) ou colheita farmacológica (CF), sendo que podem ser aplicadas individualmente ou associadas, embora EEJ tenha se mostrado mais eficiente em inseminação artificial (IA) com sêmen a fresco. Para realização de IA a utilização de progestina oral (altrenogest), seguida da aplicação de gonadotropinas exógenas (Gonadotropina Coriônica equina-eCG e Hormônio Luteinizante suíno-pLH), tem se mostrado eficiente, promovendo ovulações consistentes. IA intratubárica (IA-IT) mostrou-se eficiente, tendo a vantagem de utilizar sêmen com baixo número de espermatozoides. O sucesso alcançado com o nascimento do primeiro filhote de Panthera onca utilizando TRAs se deve a vários fatores, dentre eles, a utilização de um novo protocolo hormonal ajustado à espécie; e a utilização da IA-IT, que possibilitou a utilização de sêmen com reduzido número de espermatozoides viáveis por inseminação.(AU)
The jaguar is classified as "near threatened" according International Union for Conservation of Nature red list, with a decreasing trend in the population of Latin America, increasing the risk of inbreeding. Assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs), such as semen collection and artificial insemination (AI), are tools that can become essential to maintain the genetic diversity of jaguars. Semen collection can be performed by electroejaculation (EEJ) or pharmacological collection (PC); and can be applied individually or associated, however EEJ was more efficient for artificial insemination (AI) with fresh semen. To perform Artificial Insemination (AI), oral progestin (altrenogest) followed exogenous gonadotropins (Gonadotropin Chorionic equine-eCG e Hormone Luteinizing porcine-pLH) application was efficient, promoting consistent ovulations. Similarly, laparoscopic oviductal insemination (IA-IT) was efficient, with the advantage to use low viable spermatozoa number by insemination. The success of jaguar cub birth using ARTs is due to several factors, among than, a new hormonal protocol adjusted to the species; and the use of IA-IT, which allowed the reduction in the number of sperm by insemination.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Panthera , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Laparoscopia/métodos , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/instrumentaçãoResumo
Background: In veterinary medicine, peripheral nerve tumors (PNST) are classified from the cellular pattern and as benign and malignant (MPNST). The majorities of cases are benign and usually involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head, neck, and limbs. Animals with MPTNS usually have spinal cord and spinal canal involvement and are also described in the small and large intestine, oral cavity, perirenal region, and urinary bladder. Treatment is performed according to the location of the neoplasm and metastasis is rarely described. The present article aims to report a case of a malignant tumor in the peripheral nerve sheath of a cat. Case: A 8-year-old domestic cat was presented with a history of progressive paresis in the pelvic limbs. On neurological evaluation, proprioceptive ataxia and proprioception deficit in the pelvic limbs were observed, suggestive of thoracolumbar injury. Blood work and serum biochemistry showed results within the reference for the species and the bi-directional immunochromatography test for FIV and FeLV were negative. The radiographs of the thoracolumbar segment did not show significant changes. Myelography with iodinated contrast and collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were performed. On myelography examination, iodinated contrast loss was found between the 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae, while the CSF analysis was normal. The patient underwent laminectomy and durotomy for excision of a mass found dorsally to the spinal cord, with intradural location. The tumor was sent for histopathological examination. Microscopic analysis showed neoplastic proliferation of spindle-shaped cells with predominance of the Antoni A pattern. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated intense cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells for vimentin and S100 protein. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor was made. Radiotherapy was suggested as adjuvant treatment after surgical procedure. However, the owner refuse to follow this recommendation due to cost restriction. The patient had a satisfactory clinical recovery, he has no longer presented proprioceptive ataxia or proprioception deficits in three months after the surgical procedure. Discussion: In the case described, the feline patient presented a history, clinical signs, and findings in the myelography exam related to MPNST in the region of the vertebral canal. This neoplasm usually involves the spinal canal or spinal cord, but has been described in other locations, such in the small and large intestine, oral cavity, perirenal region, and urinary bladder. Based on the findings of the physical examination and complementary exams, a surgical procedure was recommended. Then, laminectomy and dutoromy were performed to remove the mass. The treatment described in the literature in cases of MPTNS is surgery, which can be curative, but in some cases, the use of radiotherapy may be necessary. The histological patterns observed in this neoplasm are the Antoni A and B, in the case described the Antoni A pattern was observed. The definitive diagnosis was made by immunohistochemistry with vimentin and S100 protein. MPNST are few described in the thoracolumbar region in cats. The surgical treatment was curative, where improvement of the clinical signs could be observed three months after surgery. In addition, monitoring of patients is recommended to ascertain relapses and metastases.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Tórax , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/veterinária , Região Lombossacral , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/veterináriaResumo
Background: The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their analgesic effect through peripheral inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and a variety of other peripheral and central mechanisms. However, NSAIDs are associated with some adverse effects, mainly related to the gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic systems, highlighting the need for research to develop safer drugs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative oral administration of carprofen or grapiprant in female cats submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy on the quality of perioperative analgesia and the need for hypnotic and analgesic drugs. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-three adult female cats were selected, without defined breed and healthy based on physical examination, routine laboratory analyses (complete blood count, total protein, Heinz body investigation and serum quantification of alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], urea, frutosamine, and glucose) and negative tests for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). After 3 days of adaptation, they were submitted to ovariohysterectomy by celiotomy and randomly allocated into 2 groups according to the preoperative drug used: GCAR [carprofen - 4 mg/kg, VO, 2 h before surgery; n = 11] and GGRA (grapiprant - 2 mg/kg IV, 2 h before surgery; n = 21]. The cats were pre-medicated with acepromazine 0.05 mg/ kg IV and later submitted to general anesthesia with propofol intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. After anesthetic induction, a continuous infusion of remifentanil at a rate of 10 µg/kg/h was initiated. During the transanesthetic period, the parameters of heart rate; respiratory rate; systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressure using the oscillometric method; electrocardiogram; rectal temperature; partial pressure of CO2 at the end of expiration: and partial saturation of O2 in hemoglobin were continuously monitored. The evaluation of nociception was based on the changes in the aforementioned physiological parameters. The rate of remifentanil used did not change over time with the use of carprofen. However, animals that received grapiprant required a lower remifentanil dose at 20, 25, and 30 min during the procedure. The female cats that received carprofen showed an increase in mean heart rate at 30 min compared to that at 20 and 25 min. In the Grapiprant group, the heart rate at 35 min was higher only than that observed at 25 min. Discussion: The remifentanil rate did not differ between the groups, even between the times for GCAR. However, the remifentanil rate was lower from 20 min of the procedure for GGRA. This decrease may be related to a decrease in the need for anesthetics and analgesics by decreasing temperature, which causes decreases in metabolism and surgical stimulation. The increase in systolic, mean, diastolic, and heart rate arterial pressure parameters observed in both treatments after 15 min of anesthesia is related to the nociceptive stimulus resulting from traction and ligation of the ovarian pedicles and maneuvers for exteriorization of the uterus. These are considered the moments of greater surgical stimulus during ovariohysterectomy, evidenced by the greater release of cortisol and increase in physiological parameters. The results of this study show that the administration of carprofen or grapiprant was clinically similar when used preemptively for perioperative analgesia in cats submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Histerectomia/veterinária , Carbazóis/análise , Dinoprostona , NociceptividadeResumo
As fístulas oronosais adquiridas são defeitos que permitem a comunicação anormal entre as cavidades oral e nasal. Inúmeras causas podem ser atribuídas à etiologia de tal defeito. O presente trabalho visa relatar o caso de um cão com fístula oronasal adquirida que foi submetido à reconstrução cirúrgica do palato com o uso de malha de polipropileno e prótese acrílica. Após estabilização do quadro clínico e remoção manual das larvas, o paciente foi encaminhado para o desbridamento cirúrgico das lesões orais e correção do defeito no palato. A palatoplastia foi realizada com o uso da malha e resina de polimetilmetacrilato autopolimerizável. A malha foi suturada sobre o defeito palatino com pontos simples separados e fio náilon 3-0 nas extremidades da ferida. Em seguida, a resina foi preparada e, ao atingir consistência adequada, foi aplicada e modelada sobre o a malha de polipropileno com o auxílio de um descolador de Molt, sendo também suturada nas bordas da fístula com pontos simples separados e fio náilon 3-0. No mesmo tempo cirúrgico foi inserida uma sonda esofágica para alimentação enteral. Devido complicações cirúrgicas no pós operatório, o paciente foi submetido a mais duas intervenções cirúrgicas para desfecho satisfatório do tratamento. Conclui-se que associação entre a tela de polipropileno e a prótese acrílica foi uma alternativa exequível para a palatoplastia em cão.
Acquired oronosal fistulae are abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities. A oronasal fistula can be the result of different causes, like oral myiasis. The objetctive of these paper is to report the case of a dog with acquired oronasal fistula that underwent surgical reconstruction of the palate using polypropylene mesh and acrylic prosthesis. After stabilization of the patient Ìs clinical condition and mecanic removal of the larvae, the dog was referred for surgical debridement of the oral lesions and correction of the defect in the palate. Palatoplasty was performed using a mesh and polymethylmethacrylate resin. The mesh was sutured over the palatal defect with separate simple suture and 3-0 naylon thread at the ends of the wound. Then, the resin was prepared and, upon reaching adequate consistency, it was applied and shaped over the polypropylene mesh with Molt peeler. It was also sutured on the edges of the fistula with separate simple suture and 3-0 nylon suture. At the same surgical time, an esophageal tube was inserted for enteral feeding. Due to complications, the dog underwent two more surgical interventions for a satisfactory treatment outcome. It is concluded that the association between the polypropylene mesh and the acrylic prosthesis was a practical alternative for palatoplasty in dogs after oral myiasis.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Obturadores Palatinos/veterinária , Palato/cirurgia , Polipropilenos , Próteses e Implantes/veterinária , Fístula Bucal/veterinária , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/veterinária , Cães/cirurgia , Miíase/veterináriaResumo
Background: Preputial injuries are significant in the clinical routine. Traumas, conditions, and mass excision result in extensive and full-thickness defects that lead to chronic penile exposure and consequential injuries. Severe injuries may require preputial reconstructive surgery to restore function and aesthetics. The objective is to report the use of the preputial reconstruction technique using the caudal superficial epigastric axial standard flap associated with a single-stage, full-thickness oral mucosa graft in 3 dogs where the loss of the prepuce was significant. Cases: Three dogs were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UFMT with preputial lesions of different etiologies. All cases were referred for preventive reconstruction using a flap in the caudal axial epigastric pattern associated with a single-stage oral mucosa graft. In the 3 reported cases, changes that compromised surgical success, such as suture dehiscence, necrosis, or infection, were not observed during hospitalization. Cutaneous stitch dehiscence, however, was observed in all 3 cases. Dog 1. A small point of dehiscence and tissue necrosis was found and treated with chemical debridement and healed by second intention, which proved to be sufficient on the 30th day. Dog 2. A half-moon rotation flap was performed, which closed the defect. Dog 3. A new procedure using the reporting theme technique was necessary in order to cover the cranial portion of the foreskin. The dehiscence present in dogs 2 and 3 was significant. Flap retraction was observed in all 3 cases. In dogs 1 and 3, the retraction was slight, and the exposure of a small portion of the penile glans were observed, showing no changes that required intervention. In dog 2, retraction was important, leading to partial stenosis of the preputial ostium. A larger ostium was obtained by suturing the mucosa to the edge of the wedge. Considering the possibility of adhesion formation, "captons" were made in sterile silicone tubes, and sutures were placed in the dorsal and ventral aspects to prevent adherence of the oral mucosa graft located on the inside of the new foreskin. The captons were removed on the tenth post-operative day, revealing a good opening of the preputial orifice and adequate penile exposure. Discussion: The absence of a foreskin caused by trauma or surgical excision leads to chronic penile exposure, dryness, and ulcerations. The simple covering of the skin with an axial-type flap of the caudal superficial epigastric region tends to fail since only the graft edges are sutured into the abdominal skin. In these circumstances, the subcutaneous region on the penis is exposed and comes in direct contact with urine and the penile mucosa, causing the flap skin to grow to exacerbated retraction. The transplantation of a free-lip mucosa graft allows the subcutaneous region of the transposed skin flap to create adhesions in the fenestrated regions of the lip tissue through the formation of granulation tissue buds, which is performed in a single stage. The permanence of the penis protects the lower urinary system from the occurrence of infections relative to what is normally observed in cases where partial or total penile amputation is practiced in combination with adjunctive scrotal urethrostomy. Given the observations of the 3 cases described here, the technique of pre-facial reconstruction with an axial skin flap of the caudal superficial epigastric region, combined with free-labial mucosa graft, was found to be feasible for the single-stage foreskin technique, but that paraphimosis remanagement may be necessary when cutaneous portions of the penile skin caudal to the glans are removed.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Transplante de Tecidos/veterinária , Prepúcio do Pênis/lesões , Mucosa Bucal/transplante , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodosResumo
Background: The eye is an important sense organ responsible for sight. The cornea is the outermost of many eye layers,being predisposed to several lesions, some of them being frequent in small animal clinics meanwhile others are unusualand seldom reported in specialized literature. The stroma abscess is a common condition in horses, but atypical in dogs,its a condition in which a microperforation in the corneal epithelium allows microorganisms or a foreign body to penetratethe corneal stroma, and those become inside the cornea after a re-epithelialization, producing an intense inflammatoryresponse. Therefore, this case reports a case of deep stromal abscess in a Shih Tzu dog.Case: A 4-year-old female Shih Tzu, weighing 4.6 kg, was submitted to ophthalmic examination in which the left eyepresented an opaque yellowish-white protruding structure located on the right side, in the center of the cornea (3 o´clockposition), bulbar and palpebral conjunctival hyperemia and congestion, chemosis, blepharospasm, and a moderate amountof mucous discharge. The clinical diagnosis was stromal abscess with reflex uveitis. A differential diagnosis should includeconditions affecting the anterior part of the cornea, such as an epithelial inclusion cyst and a corneal ulcer. The inclusioncyst, contrarily to the corneal abscess, doesnt cause pain, meanwhile, the corneal ulcer was ruled out by the FluoresceinStaining Test. The recommended treatment was surgical, through lamellar keratectomy, followed by overlapping pedicledconjunctival graft and third eyelid flap. In association with the surgical treatment, oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory,and opioids, plus topical antibiotics and autologous serum eye drop. Seventy days post-surgery, the previously observedinflammatory signs were no longer present. In the conjunctival graft insertion site perpetuated a scar leucoma with few...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Abscesso/cirurgia , Abscesso/veterinária , Soro , Substância Própria/cirurgia , Substância Própria/lesões , Ceratectomia/veterináriaResumo
Background: The eye is an important sense organ responsible for sight. The cornea is the outermost of many eye layers,being predisposed to several lesions, some of them being frequent in small animal clinics meanwhile others are unusualand seldom reported in specialized literature. The stroma abscess is a common condition in horses, but atypical in dogs,its a condition in which a microperforation in the corneal epithelium allows microorganisms or a foreign body to penetratethe corneal stroma, and those become inside the cornea after a re-epithelialization, producing an intense inflammatoryresponse. Therefore, this case reports a case of deep stromal abscess in a Shih Tzu dog.Case: A 4-year-old female Shih Tzu, weighing 4.6 kg, was submitted to ophthalmic examination in which the left eyepresented an opaque yellowish-white protruding structure located on the right side, in the center of the cornea (3 o´clockposition), bulbar and palpebral conjunctival hyperemia and congestion, chemosis, blepharospasm, and a moderate amountof mucous discharge. The clinical diagnosis was stromal abscess with reflex uveitis. A differential diagnosis should includeconditions affecting the anterior part of the cornea, such as an epithelial inclusion cyst and a corneal ulcer. The inclusioncyst, contrarily to the corneal abscess, doesnt cause pain, meanwhile, the corneal ulcer was ruled out by the FluoresceinStaining Test. The recommended treatment was surgical, through lamellar keratectomy, followed by overlapping pedicledconjunctival graft and third eyelid flap. In association with the surgical treatment, oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory,and opioids, plus topical antibiotics and autologous serum eye drop. Seventy days post-surgery, the previously observedinflammatory signs were no longer present. In the conjunctival graft insertion site perpetuated a scar leucoma with few...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Substância Própria/lesões , Substância Própria/cirurgia , Abscesso/cirurgia , Abscesso/veterinária , Soro , Ceratectomia/veterináriaResumo
Background: Laryngeal paralysis is a disorder that affects the movement of the arytenoid cartilages, creating an obstacle to the passage of air during inspiration. The disease is progressive and clinical signs are associated with upper airway obstruction. Diagnosis occurs through observation of laryngeal movements, and it is important to rule out concomitant diseases. In severely affected animals, surgery is recommended to alleviate clinical signs and improve quality of life. The aim of this report is to report a case of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis in a dog submitted to arytenoid unilateralization to clear the upper airways and evaluate the effectiveness of the technique. Case: A 5-year-old male Great Dane dog was referred to the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) with severe respiratory distress and respiratory stridor. The animal was taken directly to the emergency room, where it was promptly submitted to oxygen therapy with the aid of a mask, was medicated with nalbuphine hydrochloride 0.3 mg/kg intramuscularly and venous access was performed. After stabilization, complete blood count, biochemical profile, blood gas analysis and chest X-ray were requested. In the anamnesis, the tutor reported that the dog showed signs of fatigue with exercise intolerance, coughing similar to choking, breathing difficulties and noisy breathing, especially on hotter days and in situations of exertion, stress or euphoria. He mentioned that the signs were progressive, having started 2 months ago and that they were more frequent and lasting. The patient was diagnosed with laryngeal paralysis through transoral laryngoscopy and referred to surgery. The improvement in the breathing pattern and the absence of post-surgical complications resulted in the patient being discharged 6 days after hospitalization. Discussion: When the origin of laryngeal paralysis (LP) is undefined, the acquired form may be a consequence of generalized polyneuropathy, polymyopathy, neoplasia, endocrinopathy, iatrogenic or idiopathic injury. The patient under study did not present clinical signs or history of disease, therefore, the case was classified as idiopathic in origin. Laryngeal paralysis of unknown cause is the most common and affects mainly middle-aged to elderly males, large or giant breeds. The disease is often described in Labrador Retriever dogs, but it can affect other breeds such as Great Dane. This information corroborates the profile of the patient in this study. Although oral laryngoscopy is the recommended method for confirming the diagnosis in dogs with characteristic signs of LP, the diagnosis can also be obtained by transnasal laryngoscopy or echolaryngography, however, previous studies have shown that the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis through echoaryngography is inferior to transnasal laryngoscopy, suggesting that direct visualization of the larynx is better to indirect visualization. Dogs with signs of moderate to severe respiratory distress or whose quality of life is affected as a result of LP are candidates for surgical treatment, as in this case, in which the patient had exercise intolerance and severe respiratory distress. The arytenoid unilateralization procedure proved to be effective in improving the quality of life of the patient under study, achieving excellent postoperative results and approval by the tutor. In this case, transoral laryngoscopy was essential to determine the diagnosis and establish the treatment. Although the goal of improving quality of life has been achieved without major complications, the animal must receive long-term follow-up due to a possible correlation with generalized polyneuropathy and long-term complications.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Cartilagem Aritenoide/cirurgia , Sons Respiratórios/fisiopatologia , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/terapia , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/veterinária , Pneumonia Aspirativa/veterinária , Laringoscopia/veterináriaResumo
Background: Postoperative care after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs generally includes rest, physical therapy,and analgesics such as opioids. Currently, there is no established standard for the management of postoperative pain inpatients undergoing hemilaminectomy. Ideally, an analgesic protocol should provide adequate pain relief with limited sedation, low adverse effects, and postoperative patient comfort. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate postoperative analgesiausing transdermal fentanyl or intramuscular methadone in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy associatedwith intervertebral disc fenestration (HT) for the treatment of intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).Materials, Methods & Results: Eight dogs from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of a Veterinary TeachingHospital, submitted to HT for the treatment of IVDE, were included. The dogs were randomly distributed into 2 groups ofequal numbers, namely the transdermal fentanyl (FT) group and the intramuscular methadone (IM) group. At the end ofthe surgical procedure, a fentanyl adhesive patch was applied to the animals in the FT group, which remained there for 72h. In the IM group, analgesia was induced by intramuscular administration of methadone at intervals of 6 h until 72 h aftersurgery. The animals were evaluated using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pains Scale (CMPS-SF).Evaluations of physiological parameters, side effects, and pain were performed by 2 assessors who had experience usingthe pain scale and were blinded to the analgesic protocol. Pain evaluations were performed every 2 h (from T4) until 24h after the surgical procedure. Evaluations were performed every 4 h from 24 h to 48 h after the surgical procedure and...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/veterinária , Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Disco Intervertebral/patologia , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Manejo da Dor/veterinária , Metadona/administração & dosagem , Administração Cutânea , Injeções Intramusculares/veterináriaResumo
Background: Melanoma is the most frequent cancer in the canine oral cavity. It shows an aggressive behavior, characterized by rapid and invasive growth and high metastatic potential. Metastasis is seen in more than 80% of dogs at time ofdeath. Adjuvant therapy should be recommended because of potential recurrence and metastasis. Oral melanoma has a poorprognosis even when adjuvant treatments are used. There are some treatment options, but the high death rate due to thedisease is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the overall survival of dogs diagnosed with oral melanomaand treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 20 dogs with oral melanocytic or amelanocyticmelanomas. Cases were staged according to a modified World Health Organization clinical staging system for canine oralmalignant melanoma. Tumor size (T1: 4 cm), regional metastasis (N0: no metastasis; N1:metastasis) and presence of distant metastasis (M0: no metastasis; M1: metastasis) are evaluated. Then, cases were dividedinto 4 stages: I (T1 N0 M0), II (T2 N0 M0), III (T3 N0-1 M0, Tx N1 M0) and IV (Tx Nx M1). Diagnoses were confirmedwith histopathological exam and immunohistochemistry (IHC) when necessary. In poorly differentiated neoplasms, IHC wasperformed at the request of the submitting veterinarian using specific markers PNL-2 and Melan-A. Animals were dividedinto 2 groups: dogs submitted to surgery alone were included in group 1 (G1); dogs submitted...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães , Imunoterapia/veterinária , Melanoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Bucais/veterinária , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Metástase NeoplásicaResumo
Background: Melanoma is the most frequent cancer in the canine oral cavity. It shows an aggressive behavior, characterized by rapid and invasive growth and high metastatic potential. Metastasis is seen in more than 80% of dogs at time ofdeath. Adjuvant therapy should be recommended because of potential recurrence and metastasis. Oral melanoma has a poorprognosis even when adjuvant treatments are used. There are some treatment options, but the high death rate due to thedisease is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the overall survival of dogs diagnosed with oral melanomaand treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 20 dogs with oral melanocytic or amelanocyticmelanomas. Cases were staged according to a modified World Health Organization clinical staging system for canine oralmalignant melanoma. Tumor size (T1: < 2 cm; T2: 2 - 4 cm; T3: > 4 cm), regional metastasis (N0: no metastasis; N1:metastasis) and presence of distant metastasis (M0: no metastasis; M1: metastasis) are evaluated. Then, cases were dividedinto 4 stages: I (T1 N0 M0), II (T2 N0 M0), III (T3 N0-1 M0, Tx N1 M0) and IV (Tx Nx M1). Diagnoses were confirmedwith histopathological exam and immunohistochemistry (IHC) when necessary. In poorly differentiated neoplasms, IHC wasperformed at the request of the submitting veterinarian using specific markers PNL-2 and Melan-A. Animals were dividedinto 2 groups: dogs submitted to surgery alone were included in group 1 (G1); dogs submitted...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães , Melanoma/veterinária , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/veterinária , Imunoterapia/veterinária , Neoplasias Bucais/veterinária , Metástase Neoplásica , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaResumo
In the last decades in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil, the reduction in the preservation of areas due to the degradation of the biome and destruction of the natural environment has caused animals, mainly in the order of non-human primates, to come closer to towns and highways, increasing the number of accidents and in some cases, deaths. New surgical techniques have been developed that favor these species as explained in this report. The howler monkey patient was traumatized in the facial region damaging important vital structures such as facial muscle groups responsible for swallowing food, chewing, breathing, defense, and communication (vocalization and mimicry), in addition to the cartilaginous nasal structures. However, reconstructive facial surgical techniques, used on humans, showed satisfactory results from an anatomical, functional, and aesthetic point of view in howler monkey, with acceptance of the animal with a safe postoperative period for a full recovery of the primate patient.(AU)
Nas últimas décadas, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil, a redução de áreas preservadas pela degradação de biomas e pela destruição de habitat naturais tem favorecido a aproximação de animais - muitos desses, primatas não humanos - em cidades e rodovias, aumentando o número de acidentes e, em alguns casos, de mortes. Novas técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido desenvolvidas, favorecendo essas espécies, como reportado neste trabalho. O paciente macaco bugio foi traumatizado em região facial, envolvendo importantes estruturas vitais, como grupos musculares faciais responsáveis pela apreensão alimentar, mastigação, respiração, defesa e comunicação (vocalização e mímicas), além das estruturas cartilaginosas nasais. No entanto, técnicas cirúrgicas reconstrutivas em face aplicadas e descritas em humanos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios dos pontos de vista anatômico, fisiológico e visual nos macacos bugio, com aceitação deles diante do estresse, com pós-operatório seguro, resultando na reabilitação do paciente primata.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Deglutição , Alouatta caraya/cirurgia , Mastigação , Primatas/cirurgia , Ferimentos e Lesões/veterinária , Acidentes , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/veterinária , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/veterináriaResumo
Plasmocitomas são geralmente incomuns em cães, representando cerca de 3% das neoplasias, e, em gatos, esse número é ainda menor, sendo consideradas raras e observadas em aproximadamente 1% dos casos. Objetiva-se com este trabalho apresentar um relato de caso de uma doença muito pouco relatada na oncologia veterinária, o plasmocitoma extramedular oral em felinos domésticos. A metodologia empregada para a construção deste trabalho deu-se por meio de: consulta a referências bibliográficas; observação e acompanhamento dos processos realizados no âmbito hospitalar, além da consulta ao prontuário médico do paciente. Embora muito descrita na literatura a utilização da cirurgia de mandibulectomia ou maxilectomia na terapia de plasmocitomas orais em cães, são escassos os relatos do emprego da técnica em gatos. Porém, é certo afirmar que a eletroquimioterapia, associada à quimioterapia antineoplásica adjuvante, promoveu uma ótima sobrevida (407 dias), sem comprometimento na qualidade de vida do paciente, mostrando que, mesmo com um tratamento menos invasivo e conservador, foi possível cuidar do paciente de maneira efetiva. Uma grande dificuldade, durante todo o processo, foi a falta de relatos científicos específicos para o plasmocitoma oral em felinos. As neoplasias orais em felinos e, principalmente, as originadas por plasmócitos precisam ser mais estudadas e relatadas, promovendo maior conhecimento técnico e científico a todos os profissionais da área.
Plasmocytomas are generally uncommon in dogs, representing about 3% of neoplasms, and in cats, this number is even lower, being considered rare and observed in approximately 1% of cases. The aim of this work is to present a case report of a disease that is rarely reported in veterinary oncology: oral extramedullary plasmacytoma in domestic cats. The methodology used for the construction of this work was given through: consultation of bibliographic references; observation and monitoring of processes performed in the hospital, in addition to consulting the patient's medical record. Although the use of mandibulectomy or maxillectomy surgery to treat oral plasmacytomas in dogs is widely described in the literature, there are few reports on the use of the technique in cats. However, it is true to say that electrochemotherapy, associated with adjuvant antineoplastic chemotherapy, promoted an excellent survival (407 days), without compromising the patient's quality of life, showing that even with a less invasive and conservative treatment it was possible to care for the patient in a way effective. A major difficulty throughout the process was the lack of specific scientific reports for oral plasmacytoma in felines. Oral neoplasms in felines and mainly those originating from plasmocytes need to be further studied and reported, promoting greater technical and scientific knowledge to all professionals in the field.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Gatos , Plasmocitoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Bucais/veterinária , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Labiais/veterinária , Eletroquimioterapia/veterináriaResumo
Background: The South American coatis (Nasua nasua) are capable of adapting to different habitats, which allowed themto exchange between domestic and wild areas, increasing the occurrence of traumas. Procedures performed in this speciesdemand anesthetic protocols that take comorbidities into account and cause minimal cardiorespiratory depression as wellas rapid recovery. It is in such context that locoregional anesthesia has become an essential tool. Thus, we aim to reportthe use of two techniques of locoreginal block: brachial plexus block and lumbosacral epidural block, in a Nasua nasuasubmitted to osteosynthesis of the radius and caudectomy due to trauma.Case: A adult male coati weighing 2.3 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UniversidadeFederal do Paraná (UFPR) - Setor Palotina with a history of trauma. Physical examination showed crackling in the radius and ulnar region, and also abnormal angulation in the distal portion of the tail. After taking x-rays, fractures wereconfirmed in the distal radius and in the distal portion of the tail. The patient was referred for surgery. After 8 h of waterand food withdrawal, the animal was premedicated with a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg)and methadone (0.2 mg/kg), intramuscularly (IM). Induction of anesthesia was performed with propofol titrated to effect(total dose 4 mg/kg) and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in spontaneous ventilation using a non-rebreathingcircuit (Baraka). It was evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RF), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), expired isoflurane fraction (FE´Iso), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), electrocardiography (ECG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and coretemperature (CT) using a multiparametric monitor. After the stabilization period, the animal was positioned in lateral...
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Bloqueio Nervoso/veterinária , Procyonidae/cirurgia , Procyonidae/lesões , Fentanila , Isoflurano , Ketamina , Lidocaína , Metadona , Midazolam , PropofolResumo
Background: The South American coatis (Nasua nasua) are capable of adapting to different habitats, which allowed themto exchange between domestic and wild areas, increasing the occurrence of traumas. Procedures performed in this speciesdemand anesthetic protocols that take comorbidities into account and cause minimal cardiorespiratory depression as wellas rapid recovery. It is in such context that locoregional anesthesia has become an essential tool. Thus, we aim to reportthe use of two techniques of locoreginal block: brachial plexus block and lumbosacral epidural block, in a Nasua nasuasubmitted to osteosynthesis of the radius and caudectomy due to trauma.Case: A adult male coati weighing 2.3 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UniversidadeFederal do Paraná (UFPR) - Setor Palotina with a history of trauma. Physical examination showed crackling in the radius and ulnar region, and also abnormal angulation in the distal portion of the tail. After taking x-rays, fractures wereconfirmed in the distal radius and in the distal portion of the tail. The patient was referred for surgery. After 8 h of waterand food withdrawal, the animal was premedicated with a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg)and methadone (0.2 mg/kg), intramuscularly (IM). Induction of anesthesia was performed with propofol titrated to effect(total dose 4 mg/kg) and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in spontaneous ventilation using a non-rebreathingcircuit (Baraka). It was evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RF), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), expired isoflurane fraction (FE´Iso), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), electrocardiography (ECG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and coretemperature (CT) using a multiparametric monitor. After the stabilization period, the animal was positioned in lateral...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Procyonidae/lesões , Procyonidae/cirurgia , Bloqueio Nervoso/veterinária , Metadona , Midazolam , Ketamina , Propofol , Isoflurano , Fentanila , LidocaínaResumo
Background: The bird's beak is a structure in constant growth, covered by keratinized epidermal sheaths called rhamphotheca. When subjected to certain degrees of injury, birds can suffer from lesions and fractures in different parts of the body, including the beak. One can treat simple ranch lesions by antisepsis and covering it with resin while the keratin is replaced; yet in complete fractures, with segment avulsion, they need complex prostheses to restore the functions of the nozzle. The main goal of this study was to report a case of a synthetic rhinotheca prosthesis placement in a wild carcará (Caracara plancus). Case: The carcará was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UNIUBE, at the end of May 2018, by Uberaba's Environmental Police, with a history of having been run over. On the physical examination, the animal showed aggressive behavior, low body weight, increased heart and respiratory rates, mild dehydration and complete fracture of the rhinotheca, with avulsion of the mid-distal portion and presence of necrosis in the remaining proximal remnant, the last one seen after debridement and complete cleansing of the lesion. In the following days, complementary exams were performed aiming a complete evaluation of the animal, these revealed the following: oral cavity swab, positive for Candida sp.; radiography of thoracic and pelvic limbs, without any changes; research of hemoparasites, with a negative result; and complete blood count showing marked leukocytosis. The animal was kept in the hospital's wild animal ward, with a daily handling of 400 g of chicken neck and heart, processed on a blender and was also supplemented with a variety of minerals. After the wild animal was managed for eleven months, evolving to the ideal weight set for the species, the process for making the prosthesis started. At first, the prosthesis was made manually with epoxy resin and polyamide, being molded on the animal's rhinotheca, before that, the carcará was sedated with intranasal midazolam, and then modeled in the ideal shape for the beak. Then, the definitive prosthesis was made with acrylic resin, using the previous mold as a base. The surgical procedure was performed in April 2019, with an anesthetic protocol composed of midazolam, dexmedetomidine, ketamine and morphine for sedation, and maintenance in sevoflurane. Prosthesis and rhinotheca were both fixated by bilateral perforation with a 1.0 mm drill, and later on 2 titanium screws were inserted for dental use, these measuring 1.5 mm. After being correctly threated, the screws received a thin layer of acrylic resin on top, for better fixation. Immediately after the operation, the animal was able to use the prosthesis to feed itself. After the surgical procedure, the bird was destined for a sanctuary, and months later the prosthesis eventually fell. Since then, the bird has remained without it. Discussion: Because the beak did not grow due to trauma and consequent necrosis, and the animal did not adapt well with the remnant still present, the manufacture of the prosthesis was the solution so that it could return to its natural habits and behaviors. For greater adherence and fixation, we opted for the use of 2 titanium screws for dental use with the deposition of a thin layer of acrylic resin on top of both. Prostheses can be successful in fixing, but there are no studies indicating how long they will remain viable. Therefore, even with the success of the procedure, allowing the bird to return to its natural habits and behaviors, until after the fall of the prosthesis, it is an animal that needs to be kept in captivity suitable for daily observation.
Assuntos
Animais , Próteses e Implantes/veterinária , Bico/cirurgia , Bico/lesões , Falconiformes/lesões , Resinas Acrílicas , Resinas EpóxiResumo
Background: Fibrosing osteomyelitis is a chronic inflammatory process caused by infectious agents that lead to the destructionand replacement of bone tissue by fibroblasts. The diagnosis is based especially on histopathological and bacterial culture. Incases where extensive and irreversible injuries are observed, surgical treatment may be indicated. The objective of this work isto report the clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of a cat presenting fibrosing osteomyelitis.Case: A 10-year-old male feline, no defined breed, weighing 3.9 kg was referred to one Private Veterinary Clinic of Fortaleza,CE, Brazil with a history of left mandibular enlargement, presenting dysphagia, sialorrhea, an increase in firm consistencyalong of the left mandibular body, temporomandibular arthralgia and decreased joint motion range. On cranium radiograph,signs of proliferative osteopathy of irregular contours were observed in the branch and body of the left mandible and extending to the rostral region of the right mandible, suggesting a neoplastic process. After anesthesia, for better assessment ofthe oral cavity, a sample was collected by incisional biopsy, however, the histopathological result was nonspecific. In viewof the inconclusive condition, it was decided to perform left hemimandibulectomy combined with right partial mandibulectomy. Tissue samples were obtained and sent for microbiological and histopathological analyses. The last test revealedan inflammatory reaction consisting of neutrophils and plasma cells, associated with a large amount of fibrous connectivetissue, multifocal bacterial aggregates, necrosis and bone resorption. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of chronic bacterial osteomyelitis was concluded. The microbiological culture demonstrated the growth of the bacterium Pseudomonasaeruginosa, with sensitivity to cefovecin, which was administered to the treatment in....
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Gatos , Gatos/cirurgia , Osteomielite/veterinária , Osteotomia Mandibular/veterinária , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Infecções por Pseudomonas/veterinária , Pseudomonas aeruginosaResumo
Background: Fibrosing osteomyelitis is a chronic inflammatory process caused by infectious agents that lead to the destructionand replacement of bone tissue by fibroblasts. The diagnosis is based especially on histopathological and bacterial culture. Incases where extensive and irreversible injuries are observed, surgical treatment may be indicated. The objective of this work isto report the clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of a cat presenting fibrosing osteomyelitis.Case: A 10-year-old male feline, no defined breed, weighing 3.9 kg was referred to one Private Veterinary Clinic of Fortaleza,CE, Brazil with a history of left mandibular enlargement, presenting dysphagia, sialorrhea, an increase in firm consistencyalong of the left mandibular body, temporomandibular arthralgia and decreased joint motion range. On cranium radiograph,signs of proliferative osteopathy of irregular contours were observed in the branch and body of the left mandible and extending to the rostral region of the right mandible, suggesting a neoplastic process. After anesthesia, for better assessment ofthe oral cavity, a sample was collected by incisional biopsy, however, the histopathological result was nonspecific. In viewof the inconclusive condition, it was decided to perform left hemimandibulectomy combined with right partial mandibulectomy. Tissue samples were obtained and sent for microbiological and histopathological analyses. The last test revealedan inflammatory reaction consisting of neutrophils and plasma cells, associated with a large amount of fibrous connectivetissue, multifocal bacterial aggregates, necrosis and bone resorption. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of chronic bacterial osteomyelitis was concluded. The microbiological culture demonstrated the growth of the bacterium Pseudomonasaeruginosa, with sensitivity to cefovecin, which was administered to the treatment in....(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Gatos , Osteotomia Mandibular/veterinária , Gatos/cirurgia , Osteomielite/veterinária , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Infecções por Pseudomonas/veterináriaResumo
Traumatismos causados com espinho de porco espinho são comuns em cães. Entretanto, estes espinhos não são inertes podendo carrear bactérias e outros micro-organismos. A indicação frente à essa situação é a remoção de todo o material sempre que possível. Ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética possuem valor significativo no diagnóstico e localização de corpos estranhos não visíveis no exame físico. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever a presença de um corpo estranho linear na região intraocular de um cão macho, três anos de idade, sem raça definida. O animal deu entrada no serviço clínico de um Hospital Veterinário com apatia e histórico de contato com porco espinho há trinta dias. Observou-se secreção ocular e olhos recobertos pela terceira pálpebra. Nesta ocasião, foram retirados espinhos de ouriço na cavidade oral e o animal foi liberado. Entretanto, o paciente retornou 40 dias com piora do quadro oftalmológico. Foi realizado exame ultrassonográfico transpalpebral que detectou uma estrutura linear hiperecoica medindo aproximadamente 1,47cm com sobra acústica evidente e conteúdo anormal de ecogenicidade mista na câmara vítrea. Encaminhado para enucleação transpalpebral que possibilitou confirmar o diagnóstico e identificar o objeto. Após a remoção cirúrgica o paciente apresentou melhora clínica significativa e recebeu alta médica em 14 dias.
Trauma caused by porcupine thorns is common in dogs. However, these spines are not inert and can carry bacteria and other microorganisms. The advice given this situation is the removal of all material whenever possible. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance have significant value in the diagnosis and localization of foreign bodies not visible on physical examination. The purpose of this case report is to describe the presence of a linear foreign body in the intraocular region of a three year old, male dog, of mixed breed. The animal was admitted to the clinical service of a Veterinary Hospital with apathy and a history of contact with a porcupine within thirty days. Eye discharge and eyes covered by the third eyelid were observed. On this occasion, hedgehog spines were removed in the oral cavity and the animal was released. However, the patient returned 40 days later with worsening of the ophthalmic condition. A transpalpebral ultrasound examination was performed, which detected a hyperechoic linear structure measuring approximately 1.47cm with evident acoustic leftovers and abnormal mixed echogenicity content in the vitreous chamber. The dog was referred for transpalpebral enucleation, which made it possible to confirm the diagnosis and identify the object. After surgical removal, the patient showed significant clinical improvement and was discharged within 14 days.