Perinephric pseudocyst in a two-month-old female cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is defined as an accumulation of fluid in fibrous sacs surrounding one or both kidneys, and may be located in the subcapsular or extracapsular region. Histologically, it is characterized by the absence of an epithelial lining to the cyst wall and the term pseudocyst is used. This condition have been reported sporadically in cats, and is associated with chronic kidney disease, mainly in older animals. The diagnosis is based on imaging tests and the prognosis is related to the severity of renal dysfunction. The aim of this report is to describe an unusual presentation of perinephric pseudocyst in a very young female cat.Case: A mixed-breed 2-month-old female cat was evaluated for presenting abdominal distension and anatomical deformities of the limbs. Renomegaly on the left side was noted during abdominal palpation. On presentation, the serum creatinine was 134 µmol/L. Urinalysis showed mild proteinuria, presence of squamous and transitional cells, and rare bacteria. The urine specific gravity was 1.044 and urine protein to creatinine ratio was 0.23. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large anechoic subcapsular cyst on the left kidney, in adittion to dilatation of renal pelvis and calyces. The excretory urography showed left renomegaly, and the nephrogram and pyelogram were not clearly observed in this kidney, indicating unilateral deficiency in renal filtration. The cat was referred to unilateral left nephrectomy but died shortly before surgery. At necropsy, marked left kidney enlargment was observed (6.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 cm), with a cystic aspect, occupying almost the entire abdominal cavity. The cystic content was translucent and was compressing the renal parenchyma, resulting in hydronephrosis. The capsule forming the cyst wall was composed of connective tissue, characterizing the perinephric pseudocyst.Discussion: Reports show cases of perinephric pseudocyst affecting mostly older animals, above eight years old.[...]

Perinephric pseudocyst in a two-month-old female cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is defined as an accumulation of fluid in fibrous sacs surrounding one or both kidneys, and may be located in the subcapsular or extracapsular region. Histologically, it is characterized by the absence of an epithelial lining to the cyst wall and the term pseudocyst is used. This condition have been reported sporadically in cats, and is associated with chronic kidney disease, mainly in older animals. The diagnosis is based on imaging tests and the prognosis is related to the severity of renal dysfunction. The aim of this report is to describe an unusual presentation of perinephric pseudocyst in a very young female cat.Case: A mixed-breed 2-month-old female cat was evaluated for presenting abdominal distension and anatomical deformities of the limbs. Renomegaly on the left side was noted during abdominal palpation. On presentation, the serum creatinine was 134 µmol/L. Urinalysis showed mild proteinuria, presence of squamous and transitional cells, and rare bacteria. The urine specific gravity was 1.044 and urine protein to creatinine ratio was 0.23. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large anechoic subcapsular cyst on the left kidney, in adittion to dilatation of renal pelvis and calyces. The excretory urography showed left renomegaly, and the nephrogram and pyelogram were not clearly observed in this kidney, indicating unilateral deficiency in renal filtration. The cat was referred to unilateral left nephrectomy but died shortly before surgery. At necropsy, marked left kidney enlargment was observed (6.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 cm), with a cystic aspect, occupying almost the entire abdominal cavity. The cystic content was translucent and was compressing the renal parenchyma, resulting in hydronephrosis. The capsule forming the cyst wall was composed of connective tissue, characterizing the perinephric pseudocyst.Discussion: Reports show cases of perinephric pseudocyst affecting mostly older animals, above eight years old.[...](AU)

Bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a cat

Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fluid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientific literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the first case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced. Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of recurrence a treatment palliative. Nevertheless, recognizing the risks, they preferred by choose for a minimally invasive treatment. With this clinical challenge, we established a supportive treatment, with fluid therapy and commercial therapeutic feeding. At day of diagnosis of perinephric pseudocyst, which we consider as day 0, blood sample was collected for evaluation hemogram and biochemical serum, tests revealed normochromic normocytic anemia and azotemia. Elapsed 10 days of supportive therapy, the liquid was aseptically drained, being classified as a transudate. It was performed only two collection of perirenal liquid within a interval of 10 days between them. After the second perinephric pseudocyst draining the animal did not return to the veterinary clinic, since the owners had reported, by phone call, the improvement of the animal. The reports were maintained during three months and two years after the diagnostic, with no longer observation of abdominal enlargement. Discussion: The abdominal ultrasound proved to be an effective diagnostic method for the differentiation and confirmation of PNP e the liquid analysis revealed pure transudate. These results are similar to those described by other authors. Laboratory tests showed normocytic normochromic anemia and azotemia. The azotemia may be prerenal, by dehydration, as observed in this report; however, as shown in other studies of conical renal injury, obstruction by calculus can lead to this azotemic condition. Thus, it was possible to observe in this study, corroborating the literature, that the prognosis is related to the degree of renal dysfunction. Since this animal was a young cat, when the dehydration was, corrected along with the percutaneous puncture of liquid, the animal's response was immediate and satisfactory. The levels of urea and creatinine declined, with consequent decrease in accumulation of liquid in cysts. Another fundamental process in the therapeutic care, was the combination of mechanical therapy with therapeutic feeding, providing lower renal overload of minerals and a greater supply of proteins with high digestibility to the animal. It is important to emphasize that it is not recommended to replace the surgery by this protocol, but it is expected with this report demonstrate the importance of this rare disease in our country, highlighting that a palliative maneuver in association with changes in diet are therapies that can be employed with favorable prognosis.

Pseudocisto perirenal extracapsular bilateral emgato doméstico de pêlo curto: Revisão de literaturae relato de caso / Bilateral extracapsular perirenal pseudocyst in cat domestic short their: Review ofliterature and case report

Pseudocistos perirenais são caracterizados pelo acúmulo de variáveis quantidades de fluido em voltade um ou ambos os rins, delimitados por estrutura fibrosa, com ausência de camada epitelial. Estelíquido perirenal pode acumular-se de forma intracapsular ou extracapsular, sendo o transudato oprincipal tipo de fluido que preenche a cavidade cística.Sua etiopatogenia permanece obscura, masacredita-se que esteja relacionada com a falência renal crônica, ocorrendo com maior frequência emgatos idosos. Este trabalho relata um caso de pseudocisto perirenal bilateral com acúmulo extracapsularde transudato, em um gato doméstico de pelo curto. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi baseado nosachados clínicos, laboratoriais e ultra-sonográficos que revelaram acúmulo de líquido perirenal bilateral,assim como alterações na arquitetura e função renal. Embora a histopatologia não tenha sido empregadapara complementar o diagnóstico, os achados macroscópicos evidenciados na laparotomiaexploratória serviram para fundamentá-lo.(AU)

Perinephric pseudocysts are characterized by the accumulation of varying amounts of fluid aroundone or both kidneys, surrounded by fibrous structure, with absence of epithelial layer. This perirenalfluid can accumulate so intra or extracapsular, and been the transudation the main type of fluid thatfills the cystic cavity. The etiopathogenesis remains poorly informed, but it is believed that their originis linked with chronic renal failure, occurring more frequently in older cats. This paper reports acase of bilateral perirenal pseudocyst with accumulation of extracapsular transudation in a domesticshort hair cat. Presumptive diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings thatshowed accumulation of bilateral perirenal fluid, as well as changes in the architecture and renalfunction. Although the histopathology has not been used to establish the diagnosis, the macroscopicfindings highlighted in exploratory laparotomy were used for that finality.(AU)

Pseudocisto perirenal extracapsular bilateral emgato doméstico de pêlo curto: Revisão de literaturae relato de caso / Bilateral extracapsular perirenal pseudocyst in cat domestic short their: Review ofliterature and case report

Pseudocistos perirenais são caracterizados pelo acúmulo de variáveis quantidades de fluido em voltade um ou ambos os rins, delimitados por estrutura fibrosa, com ausência de camada epitelial. Estelíquido perirenal pode acumular-se de forma intracapsular ou extracapsular, sendo o transudato oprincipal tipo de fluido que preenche a cavidade cística.Sua etiopatogenia permanece obscura, masacredita-se que esteja relacionada com a falência renal crônica, ocorrendo com maior frequência emgatos idosos. Este trabalho relata um caso de pseudocisto perirenal bilateral com acúmulo extracapsularde transudato, em um gato doméstico de pelo curto. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi baseado nosachados clínicos, laboratoriais e ultra-sonográficos que revelaram acúmulo de líquido perirenal bilateral,assim como alterações na arquitetura e função renal. Embora a histopatologia não tenha sido empregadapara complementar o diagnóstico, os achados macroscópicos evidenciados na laparotomiaexploratória serviram para fundamentá-lo.

Perinephric pseudocysts are characterized by the accumulation of varying amounts of fluid aroundone or both kidneys, surrounded by fibrous structure, with absence of epithelial layer. This perirenalfluid can accumulate so intra or extracapsular, and been the transudation the main type of fluid thatfills the cystic cavity. The etiopathogenesis remains poorly informed, but it is believed that their originis linked with chronic renal failure, occurring more frequently in older cats. This paper reports acase of bilateral perirenal pseudocyst with accumulation of extracapsular transudation in a domesticshort hair cat. Presumptive diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings thatshowed accumulation of bilateral perirenal fluid, as well as changes in the architecture and renalfunction. Although the histopathology has not been used to establish the diagnosis, the macroscopicfindings highlighted in exploratory laparotomy were used for that finality.