Impacto de diferentes métodos de poda da videira 'Niágara Branca' cultivada na região do Planalto Norte Catarinense / Impact of different pruning methods of the 'Niágara Branca' vine cultivated in the region of the Planalto Norte Catarinense

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dois métodos de poda invernal nos índices produtivos e na qualidade da uva 'Niágara Branca' cultivada na região do Planalto Norte Catarinense. O experimento foi realizado nas safras 2019 e 2020, em vinhedo da variedade Niágara Branca, situado em Canoinhas,SC. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois diferentes sistemas de poda: poda curta, deixando-se esporões com duas gemas, e poda mista, deixando-se varas com quatro gemas e esporões contendo duas gemas para renovação no ano seguinte. Avaliou-se índices vegetativos, produtivos, arquitetura de cachos e maturação tecnológica. O método de poda apresenta influência nas características produtivas e qualitativas da videira 'Niágara Branca', sendo que a adoção da poda mista resulta em maior número de ramos planta-¹, maior número de cachos planta-1, maior massa de cacho-1, maior número de bagas cacho-1, o que consequentemente propicia incremento dos índices produtivos. Plantas submetidas a poda mista, produção média de 5,5 e 11,2 kg planta-1, nas safras 2018 e 2019, respectivamente, enquanto plantas submetidas à poda curta obtiveram produção média de 1,9 e 7,2 kg planta-1. Desta forma a poda mista é recomendada para a videira 'Niágara Branca' cultivada na região do Planalto Norte Catarinense, sem que ocorra comprometimento da qualidade da uva.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two winter pruning methods on yield rates and quality of the 'Niágara Branca' grape grown in the Planalto Norte region of Santa Catarina. The experiment was carried out in the 2019 and 2020 harvests, in a vineyard on the Niágara Branca variety, located in Canoinhas. The treatments consisted of two different pruning systems: short pruning, leaving spurs with two buds, and mixed pruning, leaving canes with four buds and spurs containing two buds for renewal in the following year. Vegetative and productive indices, cluster architecture and technological maturation were evaluated. The pruning method has an influence on the productive and qualitative characteristics of the Niagara Branca vine, and the adoption of mixed pruning results in a greater number of plant-1branches, a greater number of plant-1bunches, a greater mass of bunch-1,a greater number of berries cluster-1, and consequently provides an increase in production rates.Plants produced mixed pruning, an average of 5.5 and 11.2 kg plant-1, in the 2018 and 2019 harvests, respectively, while plants supplied to short pruning obtained an average production of 1.9 and 7.2 kg plant-1. which is recommended for the 'Niágara Branca' vine grown in the Planalto Norte region of Santa Catarina, without compromising the quality of the grape.(AU)

Avaliação do teor de clorofila da videira 'Sauvignon Blanc' em função do aumento da carga de gemas / Evaluation of the chlorophyll content in 'Sauvignon Blanc' grapevine leaves at as function of increasing bud load

O aumento da carga de gemas planta-1pode ser uma alternativa para melhor o equilíbrio vegeto-produtivo da videira, no entanto,por propiciar maior adensamento do dossel vegetativo, pode resultar em redução do teor de clorofila nas folhas. Diante disso, tem-se comocomo objetivo avaliar os teores de clorofila em folhas em função do aumento da carga de gemas na videira 'Sauvignon Blanc' cultivada em região de altitude de Santa Catarina. O presente trabalho foi conduzido durante duas safras, 2017 e 2018, no munícipio de São Joaquim ­SC. Utilizaram-se plantas de videira Sauvignon Blanc, enxertadas sobre 'Paulsen 1103'. Os tratamentosconsistiram em quatro diferentes níveis de cargas de gemas: 15, 30, 50 e 75 gemas planta-1. Avaliou-se o teor de clorofila das folhas em função da carga de gemas em diferentes estádios fenológicos inflorescência separada, plena florada, grão chumbinho, grão ervilha, virada e de cor e colheita, através do equipamento SPAD-502. O aumento da carga de gemas não influenciou os teores de clorofila em diferentes estádios fenológicos avaliados, apenas no estádio fenológico grão ervilha observou-se que o aumento da carga de gemas resultou em aumento dos teores de clorofila nas folhas da videira 'Sauvignon Blanc', durante a safra 2017, não havendo efeito na safra 2018. Em relação ao acompanhamento temporal, conclui-se que os teores de clorofila aumentam até o estádio fenológico grão ervilha,havendo decréscimo dos seus valores no veráison, ocorrendo novo aumento até o momento da colheita.(AU)

The increase in plant-1bud load can be an alternative to improve the vegeto-productive balance of the vine, however, by providing greater density of the vegetative canopy, it can result in a reduction in the chlorophyll content in the leaves. In view of this, the objective is to evaluate the chlorophyll content in leaves as a function of the increase in bud load in the 'Sauvignon Blanc' vine grown in an altitude region of Santa Catarina. The present work was carried out during two agricultural seasons, 2017 and 2018, in the municipality of São Joaquim -SC.Sauvignon Blanc vine plants were used, grafted onto 'Paulsen 1103'. The treatments consisted of four different levels of bud loads: 15, 30, 50 and 75 buds plant-1. The chlorophyll content of the leaves was evaluated as a functionof the bud load at different phenological stages, separate inflorescence, full bloom, lead grain, pea grain, turn and color and harvest, using the SPAD-502 equipment. The increase in the bud load did not influence the chlorophyll contents in different phenological stages evaluated, only in the pea grain phenological stage it was observed that the increase in the bud load resulted in an increase in the chlorophyll contents in the leaves of the 'Sauvignon Blanc' vine, during the 2017 harvest, with no effect on the 2018 harvest.. Regarding the temporal monitoring, it is concluded that the chlorophyll contents increase until the phenological stage grain pea, with a decrease in their values in the verison, with a new increase occurring until the moment of the harvest.(AU)

Spatial distribution of Ceratitis capitata in guava orchards and influences from orchard management / Distribuição espacial de Ceratitis capitata em pomares de goiabeira e influências do manejo de pomares

The objectives of this research were: (i) to Estimate the quantitative occurrence of Ceratitis capitata captured in McPhail traps in cultivating guava; (ii) to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of C. capitata in guava orchards; (iii) to compare the index of the FTD (fruit fly/trap/day) to the type of spatial distribution of C. capitata with the Negative Binomial to set the best time for control of the population in the context of Integrated Pest Management; (iv) Verify the influence of the pruning, spraying, and mowing on the distributions of medfly in guava. Was used 30 McPhail traps installed in three commercial orchards of guava. The spatial distribution was evaluated by the regression model with the Taylor power method, from the log of variance to the log of the mean number of individuals. Ceratitis capitata has aggregated distribution behavior. The potential risk of economic damage is associated with aggregate distribution behavior. The beginning of this distribution indicates the most appropriate time for using control techniques.

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: (i) estimar a ocorrência quantitativa de Ceratitis capitata capturada em armadilhas McPhail no pomares de goiabeira; (ii) investigar os padrões de distribuição espacial de C. capitata em pomares de goiabeira; (iii) comparar o índice do MAD (mosca da fruta/armadilha/dia) ao tipo de distribuição espacial de C. capitata com o Binomial Negativo para definir o melhor momento para controle da população no contexto do Manejo Integrado de Pragas; (iv) Verificar a influência da poda, pulverização e roçada nas distribuições da espécie em goiabeira. Foram utilizadas 30 armadilhas McPhail instaladas em três pomares comerciais de goiabeira. A distribuição espacial foi avaliada pelo modelo de regressão com o método Taylor power, do log da variância ao log do número médio de indivíduos. C. capitata tem comportamento de distribuição agregado. O risco potencial de dano econômico está associado ao comportamento da distribuição agregada. O início desta distribuição indica o momento mais adequado para o uso de técnicas de controle.

Genetic diversity analysis in dairy cows of Nariño, southwestern Colombia / Análise da diversidade genética em vacas leiteiras de Nariño, sudoeste da Colômbia

In Colombia, different dairy breeds were introduced from Europe and the United States, which underwent different crossing and selection processes that generated specific qualities or differences and which likely have their own genomic structure. To characterize genetic diversity, population structure, and admixture, we used genotypes from 23,182 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 130 animals representing four dairy cattle breed groups from Nariño. In addition, we merged genotypes from 43,043 autosomal SNPs, from 137 animals from the Decker database (Decker et al., 2014) (DRYAD doi:10.5061/dryad.th092). After the quality control process of pruning the merged dataset, we were left with 7,475 autosomal SNPs shared by both databases of Nariño (127 samples) and Decker (135 samples). Genetic diversity levels were moderate in all breeds (average observed heterozygosity = 0.40). Based on the fixation index values, we conclude that Brahman individuals were more differentiated than the taurine breeds (-0.374 to 0.076 for Brown Swiss). Pairs between taurine breeds showed low genetic differentiation (0.011-0.479). Principal component analysis revealed that in both the Nariño and Decker databases, the taurine formed the most compact cluster compared with other breeds known not to share the same ancestry, and Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Normand individuals exhibited high similarity with Holstein individuals. Hierarchical cluster analysis with Admixture revealed that Brahman, Jersey, Normand, and Holstein from the Decker databases most of which were clustered together with the dairy breeds of the Nariño highland tropics are not able to create different groups, thus having greater similarity with each other. This can be explained by the crosses made by farmers to increase milk production volume, always based on the Holstein breed with semen of bulls from America and Canada. Detrimental impacts due to intensive selection might cause some specific traits from the region to be fixed in the offspring, which can influence their adaptive capacity to the highland tropics.

Na Colômbia foram introduzidas diferentes raças leiteiras trazidas da Europa e dos Estados Unidos, que passaram por diferentes processos de cruzamento e seleção, gerando o desenvolvimento de características ou diferenças específicas nas raças bovinas e provavelmente, exibem sua própria estrutura genômica. Para caracterizar a diversidade genética e estrutura populacional foram utilizados genótipos de 23.182 polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) autossômicos de 130 animais, representando quatro grupos de raças de gado leiteiro de Nariño. Além disso, juntamos genótipos de 43.043 SNPs autossômicos, de 137 animais do banco de dados Decker (Decker et al., 2014) (DRYAD doi:10.5061/dryad.th092). Após o processo de controle de qualidade, o conjunto de dados misto ficou com 7.475 SNPs autossômicos compartilhados em ambos os bancos de dados de Nariño (127 amostras) e Decker (135 amostras). Os níveis de diversidade genética foram moderados em todas as raças (heterozigose média observada = 0,40). Com base nos valores do índice de fixação, concluímos que os indivíduos Brahman (zebuínos) foram mais diferenciados em comparação às raças taurinas (-0,374 a 0,076 para Pardo Suíço). Pares entre as raças taurinas apresentaram baixa diferenciação genética (0,011 ­ 0,479). O resultado dos componentes principais mostra que nos dois bancos de dados, Nariño e Decker, os taurinos formaram o cluster mais compacto em comparação com outras raças conhecidas por não compartilharem a mesma ancestralidade; indivíduos Jersey, Pardo Suíço e Normando denotaram alta similaridade com indivíduos Holandeses. A análise de agrupamento hierárquico com Admixture mostrou que Brahman, Jersey, Normando e Holandês da base de dados Decker, a maioria deles também agrupados com as raças leiteiras do alto trópico de Nariño, não são capazes de criar grupos diferentes, portanto, mostram maior semelhança entre eles. Isso pode ser explicado devido aos cruzamentos feitos pelos pecuaristas para aumentar o volume de produção de leite, sempre tendo como base a raça Holandesa com sêmen de touros da América e Canadá. Impactos prejudiciais, devido à seleção intensiva, podem fazer com que algumas características específicas da região sejam fixadas na prole e isso pode influenciar a sua capacidade adaptativa aos trópicos altos.

Fenologia e caracterização físico-químicas e produtivas da videira ‘Brs Carmem’ produzida no oeste do Paraná / Phenology and physicochemical and productive characterization of the ‘Brs Carmem’ vine produced in western Paraná

Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento fenológico, e as características físico-químicas e produtivas da videira ‘BRS Carmem’ cultivadas em Palotina, PR. A avaliação das videiras enxertadas sobre IAC 572 ‘Tropical’, espaçadas em 1,5 x 2,5 m, e conduzidas em espaldeira foi realizada nas safras 2019/2020 e 2020/2021. Foram utilizadas 20 plantas representativas do pomar experimental da UFPR –Setor Palotina. A avaliação do comportamento fenológico foi realizada a partir de observação de ramos selecionados, a partir da poda de frutificação realizada em meados de agosto, caracterizando-se a duração em dias de cada um dos seguintes subperíodos: poda à gema-algodão (PO-GA); poda à brotação (PO-BR); poda ao aparecimento da inflorescência (PO-AI); poda ao florescimento (PO-FL); poda ao início da maturação (PO-IM) das bagas; poda à colheita (PO-CO), sendo confeccionados diagramas em escala de dias. Por ocasião da colheita quantificou-se o número de cachos por planta, massa dos cachos e a partir destes dados foram estimadas a produção (kg planta-1) e produtividade (t ha-1). Para avaliaçãodo mosto foram coletados dois cachos por planta, dos quais retirou-se seis bagas por cachopara avaliação do teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação de índice de maturação (SS/AT) e o teor de antocianinas (mg g-1). Quanto ao número de cachos verificou se em média 48 cachos por planta com massa média de 133 g. As estimativas da produção por planta e produtividade foram de 6,4 kg e 17,1 t ha-1, respectivamente. Os teores médios de SS, AT, SS/AT e antocianinas, foram de 18°Brix, 0,97% deácido tartárico, 18,4 e 4,97 mg g-1, respectivamente. As características produtivas e a qualidade do mosto da ‘BRS Carmem’ cultivadas na região Oeste do Paraná estão dentro dos padrões desejáveis para elaboração de suco de uva.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenological behavior and the physical-chemical and productive characteristics of the ‘BRS Carmem’ vine grown in the Western region of Paranástate (Brazil). The evaluation of vines grafted on IAC 572 ‘Tropical’, spaced at 1.5 x 2.5 m, and conducted on a backrest was performed in the harvests 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Twenty plants representing the experimental orchard of UFPR -Palotina Sector were used. The evaluation of phenological behavior was performed from observation of selected branches, from the fruiting pruning carried out in mid-August, characterizing the duration in days of each of the following subperiods: cotton yolk pruning (PO-GA); pruning to sprouting (PO-BR); pruning to the appearance of inflorescence (PO-AI); pruning to flowering(PO-FL); pruning at the beginning of ripening (PO-IM) of the berries; pruning to harvest (PO-CO), and diagrams were made on a day scale. At the harvesttime, the number of bunchesper plant, mass of bunches was quantified and from these data the production (kg plant-1) and the productivity (t ha-1) were estimated. To evaluate the must, two bunches per plant were collected, and six berries were collected per bunch to evaluate soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), maturation index ratio (SS/TA) and anthocyanin content (mg g-1). For the number of bunches was verified an average of 48 bunches per plant, with an average mass of 133 g. The production per plantand yieldestimateswere 6.4 kg and 17.1 t ha-1, respectively. The mean levels of SS, AT, SS/AT and anthocyanins were 18°Brix, 0.97% of tartaric acid, 18.4 and 4.97 mg g-1, respectively. Therefore, theproductivecharacteristics and the quality of the 'BRS Carmem' cultivated in the Western region of Paraná state are within the desirable standards for grape juicepreparation.

Fenologia e caracterização físico-químicas e produtivas da videira ‘Brs Carmem produzida no oeste do Paraná / Phenology and physicochemical and productive characterization of the ‘Brs Carmem vine produced in western Paraná

Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento fenológico, e as características físico-químicas e produtivas da videira ‘BRS Carmem cultivadas em Palotina, PR. A avaliação das videiras enxertadas sobre IAC 572 ‘Tropical, espaçadas em 1,5 x 2,5 m, e conduzidas em espaldeira foi realizada nas safras 2019/2020 e 2020/2021. Foram utilizadas 20 plantas representativas do pomar experimental da UFPR –Setor Palotina. A avaliação do comportamento fenológico foi realizada a partir de observação de ramos selecionados, a partir da poda de frutificação realizada em meados de agosto, caracterizando-se a duração em dias de cada um dos seguintes subperíodos: poda à gema-algodão (PO-GA); poda à brotação (PO-BR); poda ao aparecimento da inflorescência (PO-AI); poda ao florescimento (PO-FL); poda ao início da maturação (PO-IM) das bagas; poda à colheita (PO-CO), sendo confeccionados diagramas em escala de dias. Por ocasião da colheita quantificou-se o número de cachos por planta, massa dos cachos e a partir destes dados foram estimadas a produção (kg planta-1) e produtividade (t ha-1). Para avaliaçãodo mosto foram coletados dois cachos por planta, dos quais retirou-se seis bagas por cachopara avaliação do teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação de índice de maturação (SS/AT) e o teor de antocianinas (mg g-1). Quanto ao número de cachos verificou se em média 48 cachos por planta com massa média de 133 g. As estimativas da produção por planta e produtividade foram de 6,4 kg e 17,1 t ha-1, respectivamente. Os teores médios de SS, AT, SS/AT e antocianinas, foram de 18°Brix, 0,97% deácido tartárico, 18,4 e 4,97 mg g-1, respectivamente. As características produtivas e a qualidade do mosto da ‘BRS Carmem cultivadas na região Oeste do Paraná estão dentro dos padrões desejáveis para elaboração de suco de uva.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenological behavior and the physical-chemical and productive characteristics of the ‘BRS Carmem vine grown in the Western region of Paranástate (Brazil). The evaluation of vines grafted on IAC 572 ‘Tropical, spaced at 1.5 x 2.5 m, and conducted on a backrest was performed in the harvests 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Twenty plants representing the experimental orchard of UFPR -Palotina Sector were used. The evaluation of phenological behavior was performed from observation of selected branches, from the fruiting pruning carried out in mid-August, characterizing the duration in days of each of the following subperiods: cotton yolk pruning (PO-GA); pruning to sprouting (PO-BR); pruning to the appearance of inflorescence (PO-AI); pruning to flowering(PO-FL); pruning at the beginning of ripening (PO-IM) of the berries; pruning to harvest (PO-CO), and diagrams were made on a day scale. At the harvesttime, the number of bunchesper plant, mass of bunches was quantified and from these data the production (kg plant-1) and the productivity (t ha-1) were estimated. To evaluate the must, two bunches per plant were collected, and six berries were collected per bunch to evaluate soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), maturation index ratio (SS/TA) and anthocyanin content (mg g-1). For the number of bunches was verified an average of 48 bunches per plant, with an average mass of 133 g. The production per plantand yieldestimateswere 6.4 kg and 17.1 t ha-1, respectively. The mean levels of SS, AT, SS/AT and anthocyanins were 18°Brix, 0.97% of tartaric acid, 18.4 and 4.97 mg g-1, respectively. Therefore, theproductivecharacteristics and the quality of the 'BRS Carmem' cultivated in the Western region of Paraná state are within the desirable standards for grape juicepreparation.(AU)

Macro scale analysis of Syrah vineyards under winter growing cycles: Agronomical and ecophysiological responses

In Southeast Brazil, the change of grape harvest from wet summer to dry winter through double-pruning management has improved the quality of wines, currently denominated winter wines. In order to better understand the influences of soil, macroclimate, and vineyard management in winter wines, we investigated seven vineyards in the states of Minas Gerais (Três Corações TC, Três Pontas TP, Cordislândia COR, São Sebastião do Paraíso SSP and Andradas AND) and São Paulo (Itobi ITO and Espirito Santo do Pinhal PIN) during three consecutive growing seasons. The vineyards are located in warm temperate zones and grouped in four soil types: Acrudox in TC, AND and SSP, Hapludox in TP; Hapludult in AND and PIN; Eutrudept in ITO. The high clay content (> 35 %) observed in all soil types, associated to low evapotranspiration demand, avoided the occurrence of severe water stress, as observed by the high values of leaf and stem water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and transpiration. Differences in vigor were more related to vineyard management and did not affect grape composition. Among vineyards, parameters for berry quality from ITO, such as sugar and acidity, were more associated to high soil sand content and winter temperature. No significant differences were found in anthocyanins and total phenols of berries among vineyards, suggesting that the high thermal range and low precipitation during autumn-winter, historically observed in all municipalities, seemed to be the main factor for improvement of phenolic compounds.(AU)

Characterization of Brazilian Syrah winter wines at bottling and after ageing

Double pruning extended the harvest season of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) to dry winter, enabling production of high quality wines in the southeastern Brazil. Winter harvest allows grapes to fulfill not only technological maturation, but also phenolic ripeness. Winter wines from Syrah grapes harvested from eight vineyards in southeastern Brazil during three harvests were analyzed for their chemical and aromatic composition after bottling and after ageing for 20, 30, and 42 months in bottle. Winter wines have high content of total phenolic compounds, which remained almost constant through ageing, as well as color intensity. Malvidin 3-O-glucoside stood out among anthocyanins, remaining 5-10 % after 39 months of ageing. Moreover, malvidin 3-O-glucoside-pyruvic acid was the main pyranoanthocyanin identified in winter wine. Polymerized pigments index ranged from 54 % at bottling to 80 % after 42 months of ageing. Young winter wines are rich in ester and monoterpene, as well as alcoholic volatile compounds responsible for ethereal, fruity, flowery, fresh and sweet aromas. Aged winter wines showed higher contents of furfural, geranyl ethyl ether, isoamyl decanoate, α-muurolene and α-calacorene, contributing to sweet, fruity and woody aromas. Syrah winter wines are characterized by high content of phenolic compounds and color stability, and keep good sensorial characteristics after ageing in bottle.

Macro scale analysis of Syrah vineyards under winter growing cycles: Agronomical and ecophysiological responses

In Southeast Brazil, the change of grape harvest from wet summer to dry winter through double-pruning management has improved the quality of wines, currently denominated winter wines. In order to better understand the influences of soil, macroclimate, and vineyard management in winter wines, we investigated seven vineyards in the states of Minas Gerais (Três Corações TC, Três Pontas TP, Cordislândia COR, São Sebastião do Paraíso SSP and Andradas AND) and São Paulo (Itobi ITO and Espirito Santo do Pinhal PIN) during three consecutive growing seasons. The vineyards are located in warm temperate zones and grouped in four soil types: Acrudox in TC, AND and SSP, Hapludox in TP; Hapludult in AND and PIN; Eutrudept in ITO. The high clay content (> 35 %) observed in all soil types, associated to low evapotranspiration demand, avoided the occurrence of severe water stress, as observed by the high values of leaf and stem water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and transpiration. Differences in vigor were more related to vineyard management and did not affect grape composition. Among vineyards, parameters for berry quality from ITO, such as sugar and acidity, were more associated to high soil sand content and winter temperature. No significant differences were found in anthocyanins and total phenols of berries among vineyards, suggesting that the high thermal range and low precipitation during autumn-winter, historically observed in all municipalities, seemed to be the main factor for improvement of phenolic compounds.

Characterization of Brazilian Syrah winter wines at bottling and after ageing

Double pruning extended the harvest season of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) to dry winter, enabling production of high quality wines in the southeastern Brazil. Winter harvest allows grapes to fulfill not only technological maturation, but also phenolic ripeness. Winter wines from Syrah grapes harvested from eight vineyards in southeastern Brazil during three harvests were analyzed for their chemical and aromatic composition after bottling and after ageing for 20, 30, and 42 months in bottle. Winter wines have high content of total phenolic compounds, which remained almost constant through ageing, as well as color intensity. Malvidin 3-O-glucoside stood out among anthocyanins, remaining 5-10 % after 39 months of ageing. Moreover, malvidin 3-O-glucoside-pyruvic acid was the main pyranoanthocyanin identified in winter wine. Polymerized pigments index ranged from 54 % at bottling to 80 % after 42 months of ageing. Young winter wines are rich in ester and monoterpene, as well as alcoholic volatile compounds responsible for ethereal, fruity, flowery, fresh and sweet aromas. Aged winter wines showed higher contents of furfural, geranyl ethyl ether, isoamyl decanoate, α-muurolene and α-calacorene, contributing to sweet, fruity and woody aromas. Syrah winter wines are characterized by high content of phenolic compounds and color stability, and keep good sensorial characteristics after ageing in bottle.(AU)

Agronomic responses of grapevine Chenin Blanc as a function of training systems and rootstocks

The aim of this research was to study the influence of training system and rootstock on the yield, vigor and physiology of the ‘Chenin Blanc’ grapevine at São Francisco Valley, northeastern Brazil. An experiment was carried out on eight harvests, from 2013 to 2017, in Petrolina, in the state of Pernambuco. Grapevines were grown under two training systems, lyre and espalier, and five rootstocks: ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘Paulsen 1103’ and ‘SO4’, using a split-plot randomized block design, with training systems assigned to the main plot and the rootstock assigned to the subplot. Lyre favored an increase in the number of bunches, branches and leaf mass in the harvest of the first semester of the year, while in the second semester there were increases of 40 % in the number of bunches and 10 % in leaf mass. Lyre promoted more balanced vines, showing a better ratio between production and pruning weight (Ravaz index). The rootstocks ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 572’ increased yield and bunch mass under both training systems, while ‘SO4’ reduced yield and vigor. The stomatal conductance and instantaneous efficiency of water use were not influenced by either the training system or the rootstock. Under tropical conditions in the São Francisco Valley, ‘Chenin Blanc’ grapevine may be grown under the lyre training system, preferably on the ‘IAC 766’ rootstock, to obtain high yields and balanced grapevines.

Agronomic responses of grapevine Chenin Blanc as a function of training systems and rootstocks

The aim of this research was to study the influence of training system and rootstock on the yield, vigor and physiology of the ‘Chenin Blanc grapevine at São Francisco Valley, northeastern Brazil. An experiment was carried out on eight harvests, from 2013 to 2017, in Petrolina, in the state of Pernambuco. Grapevines were grown under two training systems, lyre and espalier, and five rootstocks: ‘IAC 572, ‘IAC 313, ‘IAC 766, ‘Paulsen 1103 and ‘SO4, using a split-plot randomized block design, with training systems assigned to the main plot and the rootstock assigned to the subplot. Lyre favored an increase in the number of bunches, branches and leaf mass in the harvest of the first semester of the year, while in the second semester there were increases of 40 % in the number of bunches and 10 % in leaf mass. Lyre promoted more balanced vines, showing a better ratio between production and pruning weight (Ravaz index). The rootstocks ‘IAC 766, ‘IAC 313 and ‘IAC 572 increased yield and bunch mass under both training systems, while ‘SO4 reduced yield and vigor. The stomatal conductance and instantaneous efficiency of water use were not influenced by either the training system or the rootstock. Under tropical conditions in the São Francisco Valley, ‘Chenin Blanc grapevine may be grown under the lyre training system, preferably on the ‘IAC 766 rootstock, to obtain high yields and balanced grapevines.(AU)

Homogeneous zones of vegetation index for characterizing variability and site-specific management in vineyards

Characterization of the spatial variability of vegetative vigor in vineyards can help improve the performance of site-specific management practices, or the management of vineyards with different rates. Characterization using canopy proximal sensing has been a widely disseminated technique; however, vineyards in southeastern Brazil, where the utilization of annual double pruning results in a winter harvest, knowledge of the role of variability in improving vineyard management has not yet been applied. This study aimed to determine if post-veraison mapping of a normalized difference vegetation index could be used to assess the variability in grapevine vigor, water status, physiology, yield and berry quality attributes at harvest in an irrigated vineyard in southeastern Brazil. This normalized difference vegetation index was measured with an active canopy sensor, and spatial distribution maps over two growing seasons of a vineyard, managed on an annual double pruning basis, were generated. Attributes of physiological and technological berry maturation, leaf water potential, gas exchange, production, and fresh pruning weight were calculated. These normalized difference vegetation index maps allowed for the determination of variability in vegetative vigor and the productive potential of the vineyard; however, high levels of rainfall during the maturation period may reduce the potential of using these maps for determining berry parameters.(AU)

Homogeneous zones of vegetation index for characterizing variability and site-specific management in vineyards

Characterization of the spatial variability of vegetative vigor in vineyards can help improve the performance of site-specific management practices, or the management of vineyards with different rates. Characterization using canopy proximal sensing has been a widely disseminated technique; however, vineyards in southeastern Brazil, where the utilization of annual double pruning results in a winter harvest, knowledge of the role of variability in improving vineyard management has not yet been applied. This study aimed to determine if post-veraison mapping of a normalized difference vegetation index could be used to assess the variability in grapevine vigor, water status, physiology, yield and berry quality attributes at harvest in an irrigated vineyard in southeastern Brazil. This normalized difference vegetation index was measured with an active canopy sensor, and spatial distribution maps over two growing seasons of a vineyard, managed on an annual double pruning basis, were generated. Attributes of physiological and technological berry maturation, leaf water potential, gas exchange, production, and fresh pruning weight were calculated. These normalized difference vegetation index maps allowed for the determination of variability in vegetative vigor and the productive potential of the vineyard; however, high levels of rainfall during the maturation period may reduce the potential of using these maps for determining berry parameters.

Pruning as a strategy to improve the nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones / Poda como estratégia para melhorar o valor nutricional da parte aérea de clones de mandioca de indústria

The present study aimed to assess the influence of pruning on the starch yield and nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones adapted to the Cerrado region of Central Brazil. Four elite clones were submitted to either total shoot pruning or no pruning at 12 months after planting, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were evaluated eighteen months after planting. Clone 330/09 presented the highest root yield with and without pruning, and also higher starch yield, green and dry mass yields, and crude protein yield of aerial parts without pruning. In plants that were pruned, clones 117/09 and 359/09 stood out, with higher yields of the crude protein content of the aerial part and a higher in vitro digestibility of the dry matter. These clones are therefore an option when using the aerial parts of cassava in animal feed. Total pruning at 12 months of age significantly increased the crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter of the aerial parts, improving its nutritional value. Pruning did, however, reduce the starch yield of the roots and the total yields of the roots and aerial parts.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou determinar a influência da poda na produtividade de amido e no valor nutricional da parte aérea de mandioca de clones de mandioca de indústria adaptados ao Cerrado do Brasil Central. Quatro clones elite foram submetidos ou não à poda total da parte aérea aos 12 meses após o plantio, em delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas aos dezoito meses após o plantio, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O clone 330/09 se destacou por apresentar maior produtividade de raízes com e sem poda, e maiores rendimentos de amido, produtividade de massa verde e seca e produtividade de proteína bruta da parte aérea no manejo sem poda. No manejo com poda, se destacaram os clones 117/09 e 359/09, quanto os teores de proteína bruta da parte aérea e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da parte aérea, portanto, esses clones se constituem em opção visando o aproveitamento da parte aérea na alimentação animal. O manejo de poda total aos 12 meses de idade aumentou significativamente os teores de proteína bruta e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da parte aérea, melhorando o seu valor nutritivo, entretanto, reduziu o rendimento de amido das raízes e as produtividades de raízes e da parte aérea.(AU)

Pruning as a strategy to improve the nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones / Poda como estratégia para melhorar o valor nutricional da parte aérea de clones de mandioca de indústria

The present study aimed to assess the influence of pruning on the starch yield and nutritional value of the aerial parts of industry- purpose cassava clones adapted to the Cerrado region of Central Brazil. Four elite clones were submitted to either total shoot pruning or no pruning at 12 months after planting, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were evaluated eighteen months after planting. Clone 330/09 presented the highest root yield with and without pruning, and also higher starch yield, green and dry mass yields, and crude protein yield of aerial parts without pruning. In plants that were pruned, clones 117/09 and 359/09 stood out, with higher yields of the crude protein content of the aerial part and a higher in vitro digestibility of the dry matter. These clones are therefore an option when using the aerial parts of cassava in animal feed. Total pruning at 12 months of age significantly increased the crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter of the aerial parts, improving its nutritional value. Pruning did, however, reduce the starch yield of the roots and the total yields of the roots and aerial parts.

O presente estudo objetivou determinar a influência da poda na produtividade de amido e no valor nutricional da parte aérea de mandioca de clones de mandioca de indústria adaptados ao Cerrado do Brasil Central. Quatro clones elite foram submetidos ou não à poda total da parte aérea aos 12 meses após o plantio, em delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas aos dezoito meses após o plantio, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O clone 330/09 se destacou por apresentar maior produtividade de raízes com e sem poda, e maiores rendimentos de amido, produtividade de massa verde e seca e produtividade de proteína bruta da parte aérea no manejo sem poda. No manejo com poda, se destacaram os clones 117/09 e 359/09, quanto os teores de proteína bruta da parte aérea e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da parte aérea, portanto, esses clones se constituem em opção visando o aproveitamento da parte aérea na alimentação animal. O manejo de poda total aos 12 meses de idade aumentou significativamente os teores de proteína bruta e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca da parte aérea, melhorando o seu valor nutritivo, entretanto, reduziu o rendimento de amido das raízes e as produtividades de raízes e da parte aérea.

Vegetative development of vine rootstock cultivars in Brazilian Cerrado conditions / Desenvolvimento vegetativo de cultivares de porta-enxerto de videira em condições de Cerrado brasileiro

In the State of Goiás, studies related to the vine's responses to the region's edaphoclimatic conditions are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of three vine rootstock cultivars, IAC 572 'Jales', IAC 313 'Tropical' and IAC 766 'Campinas', in the region of Goiânia, GO, after drastic pruning for uniformity. To evaluate the growth of rootstocks, the experiment was carried out in random blocks, in a double factorial scheme (3x7), with five replications, each repetition formed by a plant. The first factor consisted of three rootstocks: IAC 313 Tropical, IAC 572 Jales and IAC 766 Campinas. The plants were evaluated after 45 days after a drastic uniformization pruning, totaling seven evaluations (45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 days after pruning), this being the second factor. The diameter of the main branch at the height of grafting (80 cm) and length of the main branch were evaluated. With the data on the diameter and length of the main branch, the absolute growth rate was calculated. The IAC 572 'Jales' rootstock cultivar has greater vigor for branch growth, being 69% and 47.3% longer in length, and 49.8% and 18.8% longer in diameter than the IAC rootstock. IAC 313 'Tropical' 'and' IAC 766 'Campinas', respectively. The IAC 766 Campinas rootstock cultivar, although it has low vigor in branch growth, presents satisfactory development.

No Estado de Goiás, são escassos os estudos relacionados às respostas da videira às condições edafoclimáticas da região. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento de três cultivares porta-enxerto de videira, IAC 572 Jales, IAC 313 Tropical e IAC 766 Campinas, na região de Goiânia, GO, após poda drástica para uniformização. Para avaliar o crescimento dos porta-enxertos, o experimento foi realizado em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial duplo (3x7), com cinco repetições, cada repetição formada por uma planta. O primeiro fator consistiu em três porta-enxertos: IAC 313 Tropical, IAC 572 Jales e IAC 766 Campinas. As plantas foram avaliadas a partir de 45 dias após uma poda drástica de uniformização, totalizando sete avaliações (45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 dias após a poda), sendo este o segundo fator. Foram avaliados o diâmetro do ramo principal à altura de enxertia (80 cm), e comprimento do ramo principal. De posse dos dados do diâmetro e comprimento do ramo principal, calculou-se a taxa de crescimento absoluto. O cultivar porta-enxerto IAC 572 Jales apresenta maior vigor para crescimento de ramo, sendo em comprimento 69% e 47,3% superior, e em diâmetro 49,8% e 18,8% superior aos porta-enxertos IAC 313 Tropical e IAC 766 Campinas, respectivamente. A cultivar porta-enxerto IAC 766 Campinas embora, tenha vigor baixo em crescimento de ramo...

Maior carga de gemas da videira resulta em melhora dos índices produtivos e vegetativos da videira Cabernet Franc cultivada em região de elevada altitude / Higher load of grapevine buds results in better yield and vegetative vigor indices in Cabernet Franc grapevine grown in a high-altitude region

Buscando alcançar um adequado balanço vegeto-produtivo, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do aumento da carga de gemas planta-1, no momento da poda, nas características produtivas e equilíbrio vegetativo da videira Cabernet Franc cultivada em região de elevada altitude de Santa Catarina. O presente trabalho foi conduzido durante a safra 2016/2017, em um vinhedo comercial, localizado no munícipio de São Joaquim. Utilizaram-se videiras da cultivar Cabernet Franc enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro diferentes níveis de cargas de gemas: 15, 30, 50 e 75 gemas planta-1. Avaliou-se no momento da colheita variáveis produtivas e vegetativas, e ao longo do ciclo da videira, avaliou-se o crescimento de ramos e feminelas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e cinco plantas por parcela. O aumento da carga de gemas planta-1 resultou em aumento do número de ramos e de cachos planta-1, resultando em aumento da produção por planta e da produtividade. As variáveis vegetativas foram influenciadas pelo aumento da gemas planta-1, observando-se redução do crescimento de ramos e de feminelas. O aumento da carga de gemas possibilitou melhor equilíbrio vegeto-produtivo, com redução do peso de poda, e obtenção do Índice de Ravaz mais adequado para a elaboração de vinhos de qualidade...

To reach an adequate vegetative-productive balance, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of an increase of the bud load.plant-1 during pruning, on the productive characteristics and vegetative balance of Cabernet Franc grapevine cultivated in a high-altitude region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The present work was conducted during the 2016/2017 harvest, in a commercial vineyard located in the municipality of São Joaquim. Cabernet Franc variety grapevines grafted on the 'Paulsen 1103' rootstock were used. The treatments consisted of four different levels of bud loads: 15, 30, 50, and 75 buds.plant-1. At the time of harvesting, productive and vegetative variables were evaluated, and the growth of branches and secondary shoots was evaluated along the grapevine cycle. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and five plants per plot. The increase of the bud load.plant-1 increased the number of branches and bunches.plant-1, resulting in increased plant production and productivity. The vegetative variables were influenced by the increase of buds.plant-1, with a reduction of the growth of branches and of secondary shoots. The increase of the bud load allowed a better vegetative-productive balance, with the reduction in the weight of pruning, and a Ravaz Index more suitable for the production of quality wines. In vineyards with...

Maior carga de gemas da videira resulta em melhora dos índices produtivos e vegetativos da videira Cabernet Franc cultivada em região de elevada altitude / Higher load of grapevine buds results in better yield and vegetative vigor indices in Cabernet Franc grapevine grown in a high-altitude region

Buscando alcançar um adequado balanço vegeto-produtivo, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do aumento da carga de gemas planta-1, no momento da poda, nas características produtivas e equilíbrio vegetativo da videira Cabernet Franc cultivada em região de elevada altitude de Santa Catarina. O presente trabalho foi conduzido durante a safra 2016/2017, em um vinhedo comercial, localizado no munícipio de São Joaquim. Utilizaram-se videiras da cultivar Cabernet Franc enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro diferentes níveis de cargas de gemas: 15, 30, 50 e 75 gemas planta-1. Avaliou-se no momento da colheita variáveis produtivas e vegetativas, e ao longo do ciclo da videira, avaliou-se o crescimento de ramos e feminelas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e cinco plantas por parcela. O aumento da carga de gemas planta-1 resultou em aumento do número de ramos e de cachos planta-1, resultando em aumento da produção por planta e da produtividade. As variáveis vegetativas foram influenciadas pelo aumento da gemas planta-1, observando-se redução do crescimento de ramos e de feminelas. O aumento da carga de gemas possibilitou melhor equilíbrio vegeto-produtivo, com redução do peso de poda, e obtenção do Índice de Ravaz mais adequado para a elaboração de vinhos de qualidade...(AU)

To reach an adequate vegetative-productive balance, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of an increase of the bud load.plant-1 during pruning, on the productive characteristics and vegetative balance of Cabernet Franc grapevine cultivated in a high-altitude region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The present work was conducted during the 2016/2017 harvest, in a commercial vineyard located in the municipality of São Joaquim. Cabernet Franc variety grapevines grafted on the 'Paulsen 1103' rootstock were used. The treatments consisted of four different levels of bud loads: 15, 30, 50, and 75 buds.plant-1. At the time of harvesting, productive and vegetative variables were evaluated, and the growth of branches and secondary shoots was evaluated along the grapevine cycle. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and five plants per plot. The increase of the bud load.plant-1 increased the number of branches and bunches.plant-1, resulting in increased plant production and productivity. The vegetative variables were influenced by the increase of buds.plant-1, with a reduction of the growth of branches and of secondary shoots. The increase of the bud load allowed a better vegetative-productive balance, with the reduction in the weight of pruning, and a Ravaz Index more suitable for the production of quality wines. In vineyards with...(AU)

Vegetative development of vine rootstock cultivars in Brazilian Cerrado conditions / Desenvolvimento vegetativo de cultivares de porta-enxerto de videira em condições de Cerrado brasileiro

In the State of Goiás, studies related to the vine's responses to the region's edaphoclimatic conditions are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of three vine rootstock cultivars, IAC 572 'Jales', IAC 313 'Tropical' and IAC 766 'Campinas', in the region of Goiânia, GO, after drastic pruning for uniformity. To evaluate the growth of rootstocks, the experiment was carried out in random blocks, in a double factorial scheme (3x7), with five replications, each repetition formed by a plant. The first factor consisted of three rootstocks: IAC 313 Tropical, IAC 572 Jales and IAC 766 Campinas. The plants were evaluated after 45 days after a drastic uniformization pruning, totaling seven evaluations (45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 days after pruning), this being the second factor. The diameter of the main branch at the height of grafting (80 cm) and length of the main branch were evaluated. With the data on the diameter and length of the main branch, the absolute growth rate was calculated. The IAC 572 'Jales' rootstock cultivar has greater vigor for branch growth, being 69% and 47.3% longer in length, and 49.8% and 18.8% longer in diameter than the IAC rootstock. IAC 313 'Tropical' 'and' IAC 766 'Campinas', respectively. The IAC 766 Campinas rootstock cultivar, although it has low vigor in branch growth, presents satisfactory development.(AU)

No Estado de Goiás, são escassos os estudos relacionados às respostas da videira às condições edafoclimáticas da região. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento de três cultivares porta-enxerto de videira, IAC 572 Jales, IAC 313 Tropical e IAC 766 Campinas, na região de Goiânia, GO, após poda drástica para uniformização. Para avaliar o crescimento dos porta-enxertos, o experimento foi realizado em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial duplo (3x7), com cinco repetições, cada repetição formada por uma planta. O primeiro fator consistiu em três porta-enxertos: IAC 313 Tropical, IAC 572 Jales e IAC 766 Campinas. As plantas foram avaliadas a partir de 45 dias após uma poda drástica de uniformização, totalizando sete avaliações (45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 dias após a poda), sendo este o segundo fator. Foram avaliados o diâmetro do ramo principal à altura de enxertia (80 cm), e comprimento do ramo principal. De posse dos dados do diâmetro e comprimento do ramo principal, calculou-se a taxa de crescimento absoluto. O cultivar porta-enxerto IAC 572 Jales apresenta maior vigor para crescimento de ramo, sendo em comprimento 69% e 47,3% superior, e em diâmetro 49,8% e 18,8% superior aos porta-enxertos IAC 313 Tropical e IAC 766 Campinas, respectivamente. A cultivar porta-enxerto IAC 766 Campinas embora, tenha vigor baixo em crescimento de ramo...(AU)