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Meat consumption has been declining in favor of a shift towards poultry due to its lower price, health benefits and consumers' preference. One of the ways to enhance broiler production and quality is to substitute standard maize (SM) with quality protein maize (QPM) in animal diets. QPM is a high lysine maize with improved nutritional and biological values, developed by the selection of a naturally occurring recessive opaque2 mutation, which can reduce the use of costly feed components - synthetic lysine and protein ingredients such as soybean and fishmeal. Different feeding trials with QPM in broiler diets indicated that body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast meat yield (BMY), and abdominal fat (AF) are the main improved features. Herein, an overview of the effects of QPM on broiler performance and carcass characteristics, as well as the financial effects of its use, is presented. Different effects of QPM were observed, depending, in the main, on the QPM hybrid used in the trial. The possible reasons for the discrepancies and suggestions for overcoming them, focused on the utilization of the full potential of QPM, are discussed.

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This study assessed the impact of total mixed ration silage of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 70 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested at 70 cm in height and concentrate at the time of silage or total mixed ration of grass cut at 70 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 70 cm in height (in Exp. I and III) and total mixed ration silage cut at 130 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested 130 cm height and concentrate at the time of silage or total mixed ration of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 130 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested at 130 cm height (in Exp. II and IV), on rumen metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. The results showed that TMRS70 increased ruminal pH in Exp. I and TMRS130 exhibited higher ether extract digestibility, propionic concentration, and lower acetic to propionic ratio and ruminal pH compared to TMR130 in Exp. II. In Exp. III and IV, there was no significant effect on the performance and quality of the carcass. However, in Exp. IV, TMRS130 led to decreased dry matter intake and average daily gain, while lambs fed with TMR130 showed a higher rib-eye area. Total ration ensilage could be used as a conservation method for young grasses (70 cm) without impairing performance, metabolism, carcasses, and meat quality. However, further research is recommended to evaluate the economic analysis of feeding total ration ensilage (70 cm) instead of total mixed ration as a forage conservation method.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da silagem de ração total de Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 70 cm de altura e concentrado no momento da silagem ou ração total de capim cortado a 70 cm, composta por Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 70 cm de altura (nos Exp. I e III) e silagem de ração total cortada a 130 cm, composta por Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 130 cm de altura e concentrado no momento da silagem ou ração total de Megathyrsus maximus colhido a 130 cm de altura (nos Exp. II e IV), sobre o metabolismo ruminal, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, e o desempenho e as características de carcaça de cordeiros confinados. Os resultados mostraram que TMRS70 aumentou o pH ruminal no Exp. I, e TMRS130 exibiu maior digestibilidade do extrato etéreo, concentração de propionato e menor razão acético/propionato e pH ruminal em comparação com TMR130 no Exp. II. Nos Exp. III e IV, não houve efeito significativo sobre o desempenho e a qualidade da carcaça. No entanto, no Exp. IV, TMRS130 levou a uma diminuição no consumo de matéria seca e no ganho médio diário, enquanto cordeiros alimentados com TMR130 mostraram uma maior área de olho de lombo. A ensilagem da ração total poderia ser usada como um método de conservação para gramíneas jovens (70 cm) sem prejudicar o desempenho, metabolismo, carcaças e qualidade da carne. No entanto, recomenda-se mais estudos avaliando a análise econômica da alimentação com ensilagem de ração total (70 cm) em vez de ração totalmente misturada como método de conservação de forragem.

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The aim of this study was to determine the meat quality characteristics of broilers that were brought to the slaughterhouse from different transport distances and received post-slaughter carcass electrical stimulation. For this purpose, broilers were transported to the slaughterhouse from different distances, from farms belonging to the same enterprise. Broilers coming from different distances were randomly divided into two subgroups after slaughter. Electrical stimulation was applied to one of the groups, on the pectoral muscle. After electrical stimulation, pH measurements of the carcasses were made in both groups in the first 15 minutes. The carcasses were then cut, and the breast and thigh meats were separated. Subsequently, these samples were kept at +4°C for 24 hours, and pH measurements, electrical conductivity, color parameters, cooking loss and texture profile analyses were made. For the breast meat samples, it was determined that the difference in transport distance between the groups caused a difference in crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash values. It was detected that as the transport distance to the slaughterhouse increased, the protein and ash values decreased, while the fat value increased. pH15min was measured to be lower in breast meat samples taken from a closer distance to the farm. In thigh meat samples, the difference in transport distance was significant in crude fat and crude ash values. It was determined that the difference between the groups in the values obtained as a result of the electrical stimulation applied after slaughter were not significant, except for redness values of thigh meat.(AU)

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Abstract This study assessed the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole effect on the main indicators of the quality of sheep meat obtained from infected and deworming animals. A total of 20 heads of Akzhaik meat and wool sheep (i.e. 2 years of age, of different sex) were used in a 20-day experiment and 2 groups of 10 heads were formed (n = 4). The sheep were fed with the basic diet (i.e. control, group CON), without adding anything, and the second group was fed the basic diet orally with the addition of a dose of 1.2 g / head (an experimental group). At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter was carried out from each group in order to study the biochemical composition of meat and its quality. The anthelmintic feed additive albendazole did not have a significant effect on the indicators (organoleptic and physicochemical) of meat quality (P> 0.04). However, the ratio of fat and ash in the meat of the control group has differences in indicators and is reduced by 24.81% and 0.03%, respectively. The drug had a significant effect on the biological value of meat in the experimental group, where there is a higher content of essential amino acids (P = 0.06), nonessential (P = 0.05) concentrations in comparison with the CON groups. The results obtained show that the meat of the experimental groups of sheep, when using the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole, did not have a significant effect on organoleptic parameters, but significantly positively influenced the metabolism, live weight gain and biological value of meat.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito do aditivo anti-helmíntico albendazol sobre os principais indicadores de qualidade da carne ovina obtida de animais infectados e desparasitados. Um total de 20 cabeças de carne Akzhaik e ovelhas de lã (ou seja, 2 anos de idade, de sexo diferente) foi usado em um experimento de 20 dias e dois grupos de 10 cabeças foram formados (n = 4). As ovelhas foram alimentadas com dieta básica (ou seja, controle, grupo CON), sem adicionar nada, e o segundo grupo foi alimentado com dieta básica por via oral com a adição de uma dose de 1,2 g / cabeça (um grupo experimental). Ao final do experimento, foi realizado um abate controle de cada grupo para estudar a composição bioquímica da carne e sua qualidade. O aditivo anti-helmíntico albendazol não teve efeito significativo sobre os indicadores (organolépticos e físico-químicos) de qualidade da carne (P > 0,04). No entanto, a proporção de gordura e cinzas na carne do grupo de controle tem diferenças nos indicadores e é reduzida em 24,81% e 0,03%, respectivamente. A droga teve efeito significativo sobre o valor biológico da carne no grupo experimental, onde há maior teor de aminoácidos essenciais (P = 0,06), concentrações não essenciais (P = 0,05) em comparação com os grupos CON. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a carne dos grupos experimentais de ovinos, ao utilizar o aditivo anti-helmíntico albendazol, não teve efeito significativo nos parâmetros organolépticos, mas influenciou positivamente de forma significativa no metabolismo, ganho de peso vivo e valor biológico da carne.

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The study aimed to evaluate the combined use of ultrasound (US) and incorporation of micronized salt (MS) as a strategy for reducing sodium without affecting the quality of beef burgers. Ten treatments were manufactured with varying MS content (0.75 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 %) and ultrasound time (0, 5, and 10 min), with a control treatment manufactured at 1.5 % of regular salt without ultrasound. The beef burgers formulated with 0.75 % MS submitted to the US for 10 min (M0.75US10) reduced the salt content by 50 %, thereby efficiently maintaining texture profile (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness) and decreasing the cooking loss and diameter reduction compared to the control treatment. M0.75US10 treatment also preserved the color of samples after cooking, keeping myoglobin stable. Therefore, micronized salt coupled with ultrasound technology reduces sodium chloride content in beef burgers, enabling the application of clean technology to reduce sodium content in meat products efficiently.

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Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, comparar a qualidade microbiológica de diferentes apresentações de presunto cozido fatiado (embalado a vácuo na indústria, fatiado na hora da compra no supermercado e pré-fatiado pelo supermercado e exposto na gôndola de frios) por meio da quantificação de enterobactérias presentes nas amostras. Para este fim, foram analisadas cinco amostras obtidas nos três principais supermercados do município de Formiga, Minas Gerais, abrangendo duas das principais marcas comercializadas na região. As análises foram realizadas por meio de diluições seriadas decimais plaqueadas em Ágar Eosina Azul de Metileno (EMB) e Ágar MacConkey. Os resultados mostraram um alto crescimento bacteriano em todas as amostras de presunto, independente de marca ou de apresentação, variando, em média, entre 4 e 6 Log10UFC/g. Desta forma, concluiu-se que todos os presuntos avaliados apresentaram baixa qualidade microbiológica, podendo apresentar riscos à saúde do consumidor.(AU)

This study aimed to compare the microbiological quality of different presentations of sliced ​​cooked ham (vacuum packed in the industry, sliced at the time of purchase at the supermarket and pre-sliced by the supermarket and displayed on the cold food shelf) through the quantification of Enterobacteria present in the samples. For this purpose, there were analyzed five samples obtained from the three main supermarkets in the municipality of Formiga, Minas Gerais, covering two of the major brands commercialized in the region. The analyzes were performed using serial decimal dilutions plated in Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and MacConkey Agar. The results showed high bacterial growth in all ham samples, regardless of brand or presentation, varying, on average, between 4 and 6 Log10UFC/g. Thus, it was concluded that all evaluated hams had low microbiological quality, which could present risks to the consumer's health.(AU)

Resumo

Abstract This study assessed the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole effect on the main indicators of the quality of sheep meat obtained from infected and deworming animals. A total of 20 heads of Akzhaik meat and wool sheep (i.e. 2 years of age, of different sex) were used in a 20-day experiment and 2 groups of 10 heads were formed (n = 4). The sheep were fed with the basic diet (i.e. control, group CON), without adding anything, and the second group was fed the basic diet orally with the addition of a dose of 1.2 g / head (an experimental group). At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter was carried out from each group in order to study the biochemical composition of meat and its quality. The anthelmintic feed additive albendazole did not have a significant effect on the indicators (organoleptic and physicochemical) of meat quality (P> 0.04). However, the ratio of fat and ash in the meat of the control group has differences in indicators and is reduced by 24.81% and 0.03%, respectively. The drug had a significant effect on the biological value of meat in the experimental group, where there is a higher content of essential amino acids (P = 0.06), nonessential (P = 0.05) concentrations in comparison with the CON groups. The results obtained show that the meat of the experimental groups of sheep, when using the anthelminthic feed additive albendazole, did not have a significant effect on organoleptic parameters, but significantly positively influenced the metabolism, live weight gain and biological value of meat.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito do aditivo anti-helmíntico albendazol sobre os principais indicadores de qualidade da carne ovina obtida de animais infectados e desparasitados. Um total de 20 cabeças de carne Akzhaik e ovelhas de lã (ou seja, 2 anos de idade, de sexo diferente) foi usado em um experimento de 20 dias e dois grupos de 10 cabeças foram formados (n = 4). As ovelhas foram alimentadas com dieta básica (ou seja, controle, grupo CON), sem adicionar nada, e o segundo grupo foi alimentado com dieta básica por via oral com a adição de uma dose de 1,2 g / cabeça (um grupo experimental). Ao final do experimento, foi realizado um abate controle de cada grupo para estudar a composição bioquímica da carne e sua qualidade. O aditivo anti-helmíntico albendazol não teve efeito significativo sobre os indicadores (organolépticos e físico-químicos) de qualidade da carne (P > 0,04). No entanto, a proporção de gordura e cinzas na carne do grupo de controle tem diferenças nos indicadores e é reduzida em 24,81% e 0,03%, respectivamente. A droga teve efeito significativo sobre o valor biológico da carne no grupo experimental, onde há maior teor de aminoácidos essenciais (P = 0,06), concentrações não essenciais (P = 0,05) em comparação com os grupos CON. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a carne dos grupos experimentais de ovinos, ao utilizar o aditivo anti-helmíntico albendazol, não teve efeito significativo nos parâmetros organolépticos, mas influenciou positivamente de forma significativa no metabolismo, ganho de peso vivo e valor biológico da carne.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of four crude glycerin levels in the diet of feedlot lambs on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Forty three-month-old crossbred Santa Inês x Dorper lambs weighing 18.2 ± 0.169 kg were used in a completely randomized design, with four diets and 10 replicates per diet. The animals were housed in individual pens. The trial period (42 days) was preceded by 14 days of adaptation to handling and diet. Final body weight (FBW), empty body weight (EBW), average daily weight gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency did not differ with crude glycerin levels in the diet. Nutrient intake (dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)) did not differ depending on crude glycerin levels. In the evaluation of carcass characteristics, there was a quadratic effect due to crude glycerin levels on hot carcass yield (maximum point- maxP = 9.73%), leg perimeter (maxP = 9.45%), fat thickness (maxP = 7.41%), and leg weight (maxP = 8.69%). Loin weight and conformation showed a linear increase as a function of crude glycerin levels. The other studied variables were not affected by crude glycerin levels in the diet. In the non-carcass components, the full gastrointestinal tract, mesenteric fat, omental, and perirenal fat were not influenced by crude glycerin levels. Regarding meat quality, no effects were observed on the parameters evaluated in the longissimus dorsi. The addition of up to 15% crude glycerin in the lamb's diet does not affect its performance, however, the addition of up to 8% improves carcass characteristics and maintains meat quality.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de quatro níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta de cordeiros confinados sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros mestiços Dorper x Santa Inês com três meses de idade e peso corporal médio de 18,2 ± 0,169 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro dietas e 10 repetições por dieta. Os animais foram alojados em baias individuais. O período experimental (42 dias) foi precedido de 14 dias de adaptação ao manejo e às dietas. O peso corporal final, peso de corpo vazio, ganho de peso médio diário, conversão alimentar e eficiência alimentar não diferiram com os níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta. O consumo de nutrientes (matéria seca, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro) não diferiu em função dos teores de glicerina bruta. Na avaliação das características de carcaça, houve efeito quadrático devido aos níveis de glicerina bruta sobre o rendimento de carcaça quente (ponto máximo-maxP = 9,73%), perímetro da perna (maxP = 9,45%), espessura de gordura (maxP = 7,41%) e o peso da perna (maxP = 8,69%). O peso do lombo e a conformação apresentaram aumento linear em função dos teores de glicerina bruta. As demais variáveis estudadas não foram afetadas pelos níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta. Nos componentes não carcaça, verificou-se que o sistema gastrointestinal completo, gordura mesentérica, omental e gordura perirrenal não foram influenciados pelos níveis de glicerina bruta. Na qualidade da carne, não foi observado efeito nos parâmetros avaliados no longissimus dorsi. A inclusão de até 15% de glicerina bruta na dieta do cordeiro não afeta seu desempenho, porém a inclusão de até 8% melhora as características da carcaça e mantém a qualidade da carne.(AU)

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O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver mortadela de carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de codornas poedeiras (Coturnix japonica) de descartes enriquecida com diferentes níveis de pó de casca de ovo e avaliar os aspectos físicos, químicos, microbiológicos, sensoriais, juntamente com a aceitação e intenção de compra. Produziu-se quatro produtos, com diferentes níveis de inclusão de pó de casca de ovos sendo eles: tratamento 1 = mortadela controle, com 0%; tratamento 2 = mortadela com adição de 2%; tratamento 3 = mortadela com adição de 4% e tratamento 4 = mortadela com adição de 6% de pó de casca de ovo. Os produtos foram submetidos as análises microbiológicas, composição química, pH e sensorial. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, visto que todos os tratamentos estavam aptos ao consumo humano. A inclusão de pó de casca de ovo aumentou o teor de umidade, porém quando adicionado 2%, o produto apresentou melhor aceitação e menor valor calórico. Conclui-se que adicionando o pó de casca de ovo em mortadelas elaboradas com CMS de codornas de poedeiras de descarte ocorreu redução do valor calórico, apresentando melhor qualidade nutricional e aceitação para os atributos avaliados quando incluído 2% de pó de casca de ovo, levando o produto a possibilidade de comercialização, assim como, se tornando uma excelente alternativa de alimento.(AU)

The objective of this study was to develop mortadella from mechanically separated meat (MSM) of discarded laying quails (Coturnix japonica) enriched with different levels of eggshell powder and to evaluate the physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory aspects, along with acceptance and purchase intent. Four products were produced with varying levels of eggshell powder inclusion: treatment 1 = control mortadella, with 0%; treatment 2 = mortadella with 2% addition; treatment 3 = mortadella with 4% addition; and treatment 4 = mortadella with 6% addition of eggshell powder. The products were subjected to microbiological, chemical composition, pH, and sensory analyses. The results were satisfactory, and all treatments were suitable for human consumption. The inclusion of eggshell powder increased the moisture content; however, when 2% was added, the product showed better acceptance and lower caloric value. It was concluded that adding eggshell powder to mortadella made with MSM from discarded laying quails reduced the caloric value, resulting in better nutritional quality and acceptance for the evaluated attributes when 2% eggshell powder was included, making the product commercially viable and an excellent alternative food.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar mortadela a partir de carne mecánicamente separada (CMS) de codornices ponedoras (Coturnix japonica) descartadas, enriquecida con diferentes niveles de polvo de cáscara de huevo, y evaluar los aspectos físicos, químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales, junto con la aceptación y la intención de compra. Se produjeron cuatro productos con diferentes niveles de inclusión de polvo de cáscara de huevo: tratamiento 1 = mortadela control, con 0%; tratamiento 2 = mortadela con adición del 2%; tratamiento 3 = mortadela con adición del 4%; y tratamiento 4 = mortadela con adición del 6% de polvo de cáscara de huevo. Los productos fueron sometidos a análisis microbiológicos, composición química, pH y pruebas sensoriales. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios, y todos los tratamientos fueron aptos para el consumo humano. La inclusión de polvo de cáscara de huevo aumentó el contenido de humedad; sin embargo, al agregar el 2%, el producto mostró una mejor aceptación y menor valor calórico. Se concluyó que al añadir polvo de cáscara de huevo en mortadelas elaboradas con CMS de codornices ponedoras de descarte se redujo el valor calórico, presentando mejor calidad nutricional y aceptación para los atributos evaluados cuando se incluyó un 2% de polvo de cáscara de huevo, lo que hace al producto viable para comercialización y una excelente alternativa alimentaria.(AU)

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different fasting times before transport to the slaughterhouse on blood parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Japanese quails. In total, 300 Japanese quails were used, with an average age of 14 months (discard age) and an initial body weight of 185.3 ± 7.3 g. The quails were distributed in a completely randomised design with six treatments and five replications of 10 birds each. The treatments consisted of different fasting periods on the farm: zero (control), 1 hour and 30 minutes, 3 hours, 4 hours and 30 minutes, 5 hours and 30 minutes and 7 hours. The quails showed higher blood glucose concentrations with increasing fasting time, but there was no increase in total proteins, albumin, lactate, creatine kinase, uric acid, globulin and the albumin/globulin ratio. The weight and yield of the hot carcass and the weight of the cold carcass decreased with increasing fasting time. Quails that fasted for 7 hours had lower hot carcass and cold carcass weights compared to quails that did not fast. There was no influence of fasting time on meat quality. A fasting period of 5 hours and 30 minutes before transportation is recommended to ensure proper emptying of the digestive tract and the maintenance of the carcass weight of Japanese quails.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tempos de jejum antes do transporte para o abatedouro sobre parâmetros sanguíneos, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de codornas japonesas. No total foram utilizadas 300 codornas japonesas, com idade média de 14 meses (idade de descarte) e peso corporal inicial de 185,3 ± 7,3 g. As codornas foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições de 10 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em diferentes períodos de jejum na granja: zero (controle), 1 hora e 30 minutos, 3 horas, 4 horas e 30 minutos, 5 horas e 30 minutos e 7 horas. As codornas apresentaram maiores concentrações de glicose com o aumento do tempo de jejum, mas não houve aumento nas proteínas totais, albumina, lactato, creatina quinase, ácido úrico, globulina e relação albumina/globulina. O peso e o rendimento da carcaça quente e o peso da carcaça fria diminuíram com o aumento do tempo de jejum. Codornas que jejuaram por 7 horas tiveram menor peso de carcaça quente e carcaça fria em comparação com codornas que não jejuaram. Não houve influência do tempo de jejum na qualidade da carne. Recomenda-se um período de jejum de 5 horas e 30 minutos antes do transporte para garantir o adequado esvaziamento do trato digestivo e a manutenção do peso da carcaça das codornas japonesas.(AU)

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Eggs are a cornerstone of the food industry. They are a versatile ingredient used in a wide variety of products for their rich protein, vitamin and mineral contents. The use of efficient and high-quality eggs is of great importance in hatcheries, as well as in direct food consumption. The use of quality and efficient eggs in hatcheries has a strong impact on chick, egg, and white meat production. Artificial intelligence-based smart systems usage for product quality classification is growing steadily in productive sectors. In many of these systems, product images are used as input data. The use of such smart systems provides both fast and low-error quality control. Smart systems can quickly and accurately classify new products with algorithms trained by product images. In this study, an intelligent classification system using a machine learning algorithm, which is a subfield of artificial intelligence, was designed to classify the quality and efficiency of chick eggs in a chicken hatchery. Eggs are most commonly classified according to their size as either Large (L), Medium (M) or Small (S). In this study, 425 egg images were obtained using the image acquisition system designed on the hatchery belt system, and the data for each egg was recorded in a dataset. In the next stage, image processing methods (Morphological operations and Hough Transform) and the SVM machine learning algorithm were used together in the proposed model. According to our results, the classification of eggs into L, M, and S was successfully achieved at 98.0% using the SVM algorithm on the dataset.(AU)

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The main protein sources used in broiler chicken diets, such as soybean meal and fishmeal, are costly, and one potential alternative is black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM).This study aimed to determine the incorporation rate of full-fat BSFLM in broiler chicken diets for optimum zoo-economic performance. The experiment involved 250 day-old unsexed broiler chickens randomly allocated into 25 batches. Five different levels of full-fat BSFLM incorporation (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16%) were tested during a 49-day experiment. Zootechnical data, economics indexes, and carcass quality were determined. Results indicated a significant decrease in feed intake with the increase of full-fat BSFLM. At the end of the experiment, the broiler chickens fed BSFLM4 demonstrated the highest live weight and the best FCR, with no statistical difference. In terms of economic parameters, the control diet showed the highest feed cost and the lowest economic feed efficiency, without a significant difference. Full-fat BSFLM incorporation did not significantly affect carcass yield. However, chickens receiving BSFLM 16% indicated having a lower zootechnical performance. A full-fat BSFLM incorporation rate of 12% into broiler chicken feed could improve zoo-economic performance in the current study. Moreover, BSFLM could serve as a cost-effective protein source.(AU)

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Two investigations were developed. The first experiment was to determine the metabolizability of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal. 120 slow-growing, 21-day-old chickens were used. The experimental period was seven days, four for adaptation to diets and three for collection of excreta. The Moringa leaf presented values for apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude energy and neutral detergent fiber, as well as apparent metabolizable energy and corrected metabolizable energy for a nitrogen balance, of 49.77%, 44.48%, 46.26% and 53.02%, and 2,334 kcal/kg, 2,159 kcal/kg respectively. The second experiment was to evaluate the inclusion of Moringa leaf meal in the diets of two hundred and forty slow-growing chickens from one to 80 days of age on performance, carcass characteristics, biometrics of digestive organs and meat color. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (0.75%; 1.50%; 2.25% and 3.00% inclusion of the Moringa leaf), six repetitions and ten chickens per experimental unit; the inclusion levels of the Moringa leaf did not influence (p> 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, final weight at 30, 60 and 80 days, carcass, noble cut yields and meat color. The inclusion of Moringa leaf meal can be used up to the 3% level in slow-growing chicken diets, without affecting the productive performance of these animals.(AU)

Duas investigações foram desenvolvidas. O primeiro experimento foi para determinar a metabolizabilidade da farinha de folhas da moringa (Moringa oleifera), foram utilizadas 120 frangos de crescimento lento com 21 dias de idade, o período experimental foi de sete dias, quatro para adaptação às dietas e três para coleta de excretas; a folha de moringa apresentou valores para coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente de matéria seca, proteína bruta, energia bruta e fibra em detergente neutro, e energia metabolizável aparente, e energia metabolizável corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio de 49.77%, 44.48%, 46.26% e 53.02% e 2,334 kcal/kg, 2,159 kcal/kg, respectivamente. O segundo experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a inclusão de farinha de folha de moringa em dietas de duzentos e quarenta frangos de crescimento lento de um a 80 dias de idade sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, biometria dos órgãos digestivos e cor da carne; o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (0.75%; 1.50%; 2.25% e 3.00% de inclusão de folha de moringa), seis repetições e dez frangos por unidade experimental; os níveis de inclusão da folha de moringa não influenciaram (p>0,05) o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, peso final aos 30, 60 e 80 dias, carcaça, rendimento de cortes nobres e cor da carne. A inclusão de farelo de folhas de moringa pode ser utilizada até o nível de 3% em rações para frangos de crescimento lento, sem afetar o desempenho produtivo desses animais.(AU)

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This study compares the physicochemical characteristics of breast meat (Pectoralis major) from conventional chicken and free-range chicken production systems. Analyses of pH, instrumental color measurement, weight loss from cooking (WLC), and water retention capacity (WRC) were carried out. Average pH values were slightly higher for conventional chicken samples. WLC did not show a significant difference between conventional and free-range chicken samples. The WRC was better and higher for the free-range chicken samples than the conventional ones. The mean values for luminosity (L*) were within the normal range, with slightly higher values for conventional chicken. In chromatids a* and b*, there was a tendency towards a more reddish color for free-range chicken samples. The differences found for types of production can be explained mainly by the difference in age at slaughter, the degree of physical activity, animal feeding, among other characteristics that differentiate an animal raised by the extensive system from the intensive system.

Este estudo compara as características físico-químicas da carne de peito (Pectoralis major) de frangos de granja e caipiras. Foram realizadas análises de pH, medição de cor instrumental, perda de peso por cocção (PPC) e capacidade de retenção de água (CRA). Os valores médios de pH foram ligeiramente maiores para as amostras de frango de granja. PPC não apresentou diferença significativa entre as amostras de frango de granja e frango caipira. O CRA foi melhor e maior para as amostras de frango caipira do que para as amostras de frango. Os valores médios de luminosidade (L*) ficaram dentro da normalidade, com valores ligeiramente superiores para frango de granja. Nas cromátides a* e b*, houve uma tendência de coloração mais avermelhada para as amostras de frango caipira. As diferenças encontradas para os tipos de produção podem ser explicadas principalmente pela diferença de idade ao abate, grau de atividade física, alimentação do animal, entre outras características que diferenciam um animal criado pelo sistema extensivo em relação ao sistema intensivo.

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This study examined the effects of age, housing environment, and strain (Lohmann Sandy (LS) and Lohmann LSL Classic (LW)) on egg quality traits. Deep litter (DL), free access to outdoor Mentha piperita (MP), Petroselinum crispum (PC), and Medicago sativa (MS) vegetated environments were examined. A total of 260 four-week-old birds were randomly distributed to DL and outdoor plant-associated groups, with four and three replicates, respectively, and 10 birds per replicate. Eggs were analyzed between 26 and 52 weeks of hen age, every 4 weeks. Overall, all egg quality parameters significantly differed as hen age increased (p<0.01). The housing environment significantly influenced egg weight, shell-breaking strength, shell thickness, egg surface area, and yolk color score. Eggs obtained from DL hens were heavier and had a higher egg surface area than those from MS, PC, and MP hens (p<0.01; p<0.05). However, eggs laid by MS, PC, and MP hens had higher shell-breaking strength and thickness (p<0.01; p<0.05). DL hens had a greater ratio of eggs with meat-blood inclusions in the yolk compared to MS, PC, and MP hens (p<0.05). Shape index, albumen height, albumen index, Haugh unit, and yolk index were similar among housing environments (p>0.05). Strain significantly affected shape index, shell thickness, albumen height, albumen index, Haugh unit, albumen pH, yolk index, and yolk color score. LS eggs had higher shape index, shell thickness, yolk index, and yolk color score (p<0.01; p<0.05). However, LW eggs had greater albumen height, albumen index, Haugh unit, and albumen pH (p<0.01; p<0.05). LW strain had a lower ratio of eggs with meat-blood inclusions compared to LS (p<0.01). Shell-breaking strength and egg surface area did not differ between hen strains (p>0.05). This study showed that allowing hens access to MS, PC, or MP plant species improved shell quality traits. Moreover, it appears that there is a greater genetic variability in albumen and yolk quality traits.(AU)

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This study investigated the effect of adding Origanum syriacum L. essential oil and Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract incorporated with 5 % of Aloe barbadensis miller gel on the quality and storage stability of cooked chicken meat. The experiment included five treatments: 1) Control (No additives); 2) 600 ppm of Rosemary Extract (RE); 3) 500 ppm of Oregano essential oil (OE); 4) Combination of 600 RE and 500 ppm OE (CM); and 5) 200 ppm Sodium nitrite (E-250). Lipid and protein oxidation, sensory panel assessment, and other related parameters were evaluated at different storage times. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found among treatments regarding both ultimate pH and cooking loss %. All additives showed significant (p<0.05) effect at decreasing both TBARS and total carbonyl values. However, the combination of RE and OE showed the highest significant (p<0.05) preservative effect compared to the other treatments. Moreover, the CM treatment showed the highest antioxidant effect, decreasing total aldehydes (TA) formation. The sensory panel also showed that the CM treatment was the most effective additive at improving meat shelf life regarding the selected sensorial attributes. The OE effect was higher than the RE during storage time, and comparable to the E-250 regarding TBARS, DNPH, TA values, and current sensory attributes. The combination OE and RE incorporated with Aloe carrier gel was a successful replacement that could be used in the meat industry. In addition, the gel was a promising natural carrier for both OE and RE during storage.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: In beef cattle breeding programs, various selection criteria have been proposed and employed with the aim of improving traits related to carcass composition and the quality of the final product, meat. However, the importance of genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for such traits is still not well understood. Our objectives were: 1) to investigate the importance of G×E on ultrasound carcass traits, growth and visual scores and 2) to estimate the genetic correlation of ultrasound carcass traits with growth and visual scores taking into account the G×E in Hereford and Braford cattle. A multiple-trait reaction norm model was fitted to the field records of 37,948 animals. With the exception of postweaning average daily weight gain (ADG), the G×E can lead to important changes in the ranking of estimated breeding values of sires across environments for all traits. Thus, models that consider heterogeneity of genetic variances along an environmental gradient may be considered more appropriate for genetic evaluations of animals reared under conditions similar to the present study. Based on estimates of genetic correlation, the quality of visual scores or ADG as indicators of carcass quality assessed by ultrasonography is dependent on the production environment.

RESUMO: Nos programas de melhoramento de bovinos de corte, diversos critérios de seleção têm sido propostos e utilizados com o objetivo de melhorar as características relacionadas à composição da carcaça e a qualidade da carne. Por outro lado, a importância da interação genótipo ambiente (G×E) para tais características ainda é pouco conhecida. Nossos objetivos foram: 1) investigar a importância da G×E nas características de carcaça avaliadas por ultrassonografia, crescimento e escores visuais e 2) estimar a correlação genética de características de carcaça com crescimento e escores visuais levando em consideração a G×E para bovinos Hereford e Braford. Um modelo de norma de reação multicaracterísticas foi ajustado aos dados de 37.948 animais. Com exceção do ganho de peso diário médio pós-desmama (GMD), a G×E pode levar a mudanças importantes na classificação dos valores genéticos estimados de touros nos diferentes ambientes para todas as características. Assim, modelos que consideram a heterogeneidade de variâncias genéticas ao longo do gradiente ambiental podem ser considerados mais apropriados para avaliações genéticas de animais criados em condições semelhantes às do presente estudo. Com base nas estimativas de correlação genética, a qualidade dos escores visuais ou GMD como indicadores de qualidade de carcaça avaliados por ultrassonografia é dependente do ambiente de produção.

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A higienização é um procedimento importante na indústria de alimentos e sua realização deve ocorrer rotineiramente para evitar que os alimentos sejam contaminados. Além disso, todos os manipuladores de alimentos devem receber treinamentos de modo a entender como ocorrem as contaminações e como evitá-las, para que não ocorra deterioração antecipada dos alimentos e para que não exponham os consumidores ao risco de doenças transmitidas por alimentos em caso de contaminação. Esta pesquisa avaliou o processo de higienização e sua eficiência em superfícies presentes em uma agroindústria da agricultura familiar produtora de embutidos cárneos. Apesar de ter instalações adequadas a agroindústria apresentava inadequações quanto aos produtos utilizados e a frequência inadequada para uma higienização eficiente. Foi realizada análise microbiológica das superfícies dos equipamentos para contagem de aeróbios mesófilos e notou-se uma elevada carga microbiana que indicou uma baixa eficiência no processo de higienização. Sugeriu-se melhorias na higiene ambiental associado à instrução dos colaboradores, para contribuir na promoção da qualidade dos produtos, aumento dos lucros e salvaguardando a saúde do consumidor.

Hygiene is an important procedure in the food industry, and its performance must occur routinely to prevent food from being contaminated. In addition, all food handlers must receive training in order to understand how contamination occurs and how to avoid it, so that there is no anticipated deterioration of food and that consumers are not exposed to the risk of foodborne diseases. in case of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, this research evaluated the cleaning process and its efficiency on surfaces present in a family farming agroindustry that produces meat products, which despite having adequate facilities, had some difficulties such as product use and inadequate frequency for eficiente cleaning. After performing a microbiological analysis to count surface mesophilic aerobes, a high level of contamination was noted, relating to low efficiency in the cleaning process. Improvements in environmental hygiene are suggested, associated with the instruction of employees for the implementation of the Standard Operating Hygiene Procedure, promoting improvements in product quality, increasing profits and safeguarding consumer health.

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European market regulates that poultry electronarcosis stunning in abattoirs must be performed with a minimal required current (mA per animal) and correlative frequency (Hz), to promote animal welfare and meat quality. In this way, Brazilian abattoirs must adjust the stunning parameters so that they can meet the requirements of that market. This study evaluated the effect of stunning parameters using frequency and duty cycle variables. For this, nine treatments were performed, whose results showed that the analyzed frequencies (700, 1100, and 1500 Hz) had a higher incidence of indicators of animal welfare (AW). Thus, stunning had low efficiency in AW terms. However, the 25% and 40% duty cycles had the best stunning efficiency. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) for pH 24 h, bruises, and drip loss. Color and pH 2 h were significantly affected (P < 0.05). The shear force was higher in birds subjected to higher frequencies and interaction between 1500 Hz and 15% and 25% duty cycles. Water-holding capacity was lower at 1100 Hz and in the 25% duty cycle interactions. The treatments affected the evaluated indicators, except for the 40% duty cycle, which had a positive influence. Therefore, the duty cycle applicability must be elucidated due to its direct influence on stunning efficiency.

O mercado europeu regulamenta que a insensibilização de aves por eletronarcose nos abatedouros deva acontecer com uma corrente mínima necessária (mA por animal) e frequência correlata (Hz), com corrente e frequência alta. O intuito é promover o bem estar animal e qualidade de carne. Desta forma, os abatedouros brasileiros devem ajustar os parâmetros de insensibilização para que possam atender este mercado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos parâmetros de insensibilização usando as variáveis frequência e duty cycle. Foram realizados nove ensaios. Os resultados demostraram que as frequências avaliadas (700 Hz, 1100 Hz e 1500 Hz) apresentaram maior incidência nos indicadores de Bem Estar Animal (BEA). Assim, houve baixa eficiência na insensibilização das aves para este fator. Entretanto, o duty cycle 25% e 40% promoveu a melhor eficiência na insensibilização das aves. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P > 0,05) para pH 24h, hematomas e a perda por gotejamento. A cor e o pH 2h foram afetados significativamente (P < 0,05) nos ensaios avaliados. A força de cisalhamento foi maior nas frequências mais altas e na interação da frequência de 1500 Hz com o duty cycle de 15% e 25% A capacidade de retenção de água foi menor na frequência de 1100 Hz, e na interação duty cycle 25%. Os ensaios estudados apresentaram comprometimento dos indicadores avaliados, exceto a variável duty cycle a 40%, que demonstrou influência positiva nos indicadores avaliados. Portanto, a aplicabilidade do duty cycle deve ser elucidada devido a sua influência direta na eficiência da insensibilização.

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O trabalho teve como objetivo desmistificar o consumo de carne de frangos e ovos, por meio de palestras (pesquisa-ação) ministradas por acadêmicos dos cursos de zootecnia e medicina veterinária para discentes das escolas do município de Xinguara, Pará. A temática central abordou os principais mitos do consumo de carne de frangos e ovos, que comprometem o consumo destes pela população. Foram ministradas pelos acadêmicos palestras sobre a desmistificação do consumo da carne de frangos e ovos, explicando com embasamento científico os principais mitos que envolvem esses produtos. Antes e após as palestras foram aplicados 505 formulários semiestruturados para discentes de escolas do município de Xinguara, totalizando 1010 formulários aplicados. Ao final da atividade foram distribuídas cartilhas informativas. Antes das palestras 80% dos discentes acreditavam que frangos de corte industriais recebiam hormônios na alimentação e após as palestras 85% dos alunos afirmaram que eles não recebem. Sobre o mito do colesterol antes das palestras 51% dos alunos afirmaram que não possuíam conhecimento se o consumo de ovos aumenta o colesterol ruim (LDL) e após as palestras 88% afirmaram que o consumo não aumenta o colesterol (LDL). Conclui-se que a ação educativa foi eficiente, com base nos dados obtidos, comparando as respostas da aplicação dos formulários semiestruturados antes e após as palestras ministradas. Atividades de extensão deste âmbito, aproximam a comunidade da universidade e impactam positivamente e diretamente na qualidade de vida do público-alvo do projeto e, de maneira indireta em toda a população do município.(AU)

The work aimed to demystify the consumption of chicken meat and eggs, through lectures (action research) given by academics from zootechnics and veterinary medicine courses to students from schools in the city of Xinguara, Pará. The central theme addressed the main myths about the consumption of chicken meat and eggs, which compromise the consumption of these by the population. Lectures were given by the academics on the demystification of the consumption of chicken meat and eggs, explaining with scientific basis the main myths surrounding these products. Before and after the lectures, 505 semi-structured forms were applied to students from schools in the city of Xinguara, totaling 1010 forms applied. At the end of the activity, informative booklets were distributed. Before the lectures, 80% of students believed that industrial broiler chickens received hormones in their diet and after the lectures, 85% of students stated that they did not receive them. Regarding the cholesterol myth, before the lectures, 51% of the students stated that they did not know whether the consumption of eggs increases bad cholesterol (LDL) and after the lectures, 88% stated that consumption does not increase LDL cholesterol. It is concluded that the educational action was efficient, based on the data obtained, comparing the responses from the application of semi-structured forms before and after the lectures given. Extension activities within this scope bring the community closer to the university and positively and directly impact the quality of life of the project's target audience and, indirectly, the entire population of the municipality.(AU)

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo desmitificar el consumo de carne y huevos de gallina, a través de conferencias (investigación-acción) impartidas por académicos de las carreras de zootecnia y medicina veterinaria a estudiantes de escuelas de la ciudad de Xinguara, Pará. El tema central abordó los principales mitos sobre el consumo. de carne de pollo y huevos, lo que compromete el consumo de estos por parte de la población. Los académicos impartieron conferencias sobre la desmitificación del consumo de carne de pollo y huevos, explicando con base científica los principales mitos que rodean a estos productos. Antes y después de las clases magistrales, se aplicaron 505 formularios semiestructurados a estudiantes de colegios de la ciudad de Xinguara, totalizando 1010 formularios aplicados. Al finalizar la actividad se repartieron folletos informativos. Antes de las conferencias, el 80% de los estudiantes creía que los pollos de engorde industriales recibían hormonas en su dieta y después de las conferencias, el 85% de los estudiantes afirmó que no las recibían. Respecto al mito del colesterol, antes de las clases, el 51% de los estudiantes afirmó que no sabía si el consumo de huevos aumenta el colesterol malo (LDL) y después de las clases, el 88% afirmó que el consumo no aumenta el colesterol LDL. Se concluye que la acción educativa fue eficiente, con base en los datos obtenidos, comparando las respuestas de la aplicación de formularios semiestructurados antes y después de las charlas impartidas. Las actividades de extensión en este ámbito acercan a la comunidad a la universidad y tienen un impacto positivo y directo en la calidad de vida del público objetivo del proyecto e, indirectamente, en toda la población del municipio.(AU)