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The aim of this study was to evaluate two liver biopsy techniques by transrectal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) and compare tensiometric parameters of rectal sealing using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue or conventional rectal sutures in a dog cadaver model. In sixteen dog cadavers two liver biopsy techniques were performed via transrectal NOTES using either polypectomy diathermy forceps or endoscopic oval biopsy forceps. The cadavers were divided into two groups: Glue Group (GG) where rectal sealing was performed with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue and Suture Group (SG) with the rectal defect sealed with simple continuous extracorporeal 3-0 polydioxanone sutures. The rupture pressure of the seals was measured on a rectal burst test. The diathermy polypectomy endoscopic forceps biopsy technique was significantly faster (p<0.001) and provided larger diameter samples. Rectal sealing was significantly faster (p<0.001) in the GG. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to rupture pressure (258.5 mmHg) with air insufflation. Using endoscopic oval biopsy forceps, biopsy samples can only be collected from the surface of the liver, whereas polypectomy forceps with a diathermy loop can be used to collect samples from the tip of the hepatic lobe. There was no difference in rectal rupture pressure in the burst test between the cadavers where sealing was performed with rectal sutures and those where cyanoacrylate adhesive was used.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar duas técnicas de biopsia hepática realizadas por cirurgia endoscópica transluminal por orifícios naturais (NOTES) transretal e parâmetros tensiométricos do selamento retal usando adesivo de 2-octil cianoacrilato ou sutura retal convencional em cadáveres de cães. Em 16 cadáveres de cães, foram realizadas duas técnicas de biopsias hepáticas usando pinça diatérmica de polipectomia e pinça de biopsia oval. Os cadáveres foram divididos em dois grupos: sendo que o Glue Group (GG) recebeu o adesivo de 2-octil cianoacrilato para selamento retal e o Suture Group (SG), recebeu sutura contínua simples extracorpórea com fio polidioxanona 3-0. A pressão de ruptura retal foi mensurada por meio do teste de pressão intra-retal. A técnica de biopsia hepática com pinça diatérmica de polipectomia foi mais rápida (p<0.001) e providenciou amostras maiores. O selamento retal foi mais rápido no GG (p<0.001). Não houve diferença entre os grupos com relação a pressão de ruptura retal com insuflação de ar (258.5 mmHg). A biopsia hepática com pinça oval é limitada a colheita de fragmentos superficiais do fígado, já a pinça de polipectomia permite a colheita de fragmentos nas extremidades. Os parâmetros tensiométricos do reto, avaliados por meio do teste da pressão de ruptura retal foram semelhantes tanto em cães que receberam sutura retal quanto nos que receberam apenas o adesivo de 2-octilcianocrilato em cadaveres de cães.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonal effect of months of the year upon the physiological and productive responses of crossbred dairy cows raised in an Amazonian climate. Twenty lactating cows were evaluated, fed on Brachiaria decumbens pasture, with free access to water and mineral supplementation. Data from climate variables air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), rainfall (RA) and temperature and humidity index (THI) were recorded dur ing the months of January to April 2019. The physiological data collected were: respiratory rate (RR, mov/min), heart rate (HR, beats/min), rectal temperature (RT, ºC), udder surface temperature (UST, ºC), body surface temperature (BST, ºC), dorsum surface temperature (DST, ºC), front surface temperature (FST, ºC) and rear shin temperature (RST). Milk production (MP) was also measured. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) of RST and RR with values ranging from 34.8 to 35.5°C and 32.0 to 36.2 mov/min, respectively. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for BST, and the values for MP and THI were 3.8; 3.8; 4.6; 4.1 kg and 77.7; 79.7; 80.6; 80.1, respectively. It was concluded that there was a seasonal effect of the months of the year evaluated on the respiratory rate of animals, however, it did not change the MP and the THI. The Amazon environment is conducive to causing thermal stress in lactating cows raised on pasture, requiring the use of shading to facilitate the ability of these animals to dissipate heat.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sazonais dos meses do ano sobre as respostas fisiológicas e produtivas de vacas leiteiras mestiças criadas em clima amazônico. Foram avaliadas 20 vacas lactantes, alimentadas com pasto de Brachiaria decumbens, com acesso livre a água e suplementação mineral. Foram registrados dados das variáveis climáticas temperatura do ar (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR), precipitação pluviométrica (PP) e índice de temperatura e Umidade (ITU) durante os meses de janeiro a abril de 2019. Os dados fisiológicos coletados foram: frequência respiratória (FR, mov/min), frequência cardíaca (FC, bat./min), temperatura retal (TR, ºC), temperatura superficial do úbere (TSU, ºC), temperatura superfície corporal (TSC, ºC), temperatura superficial do dorso (TSD, ºC), temperatura superficial da fronte (TSF, ºC) e temperatura superficial da canela (TSCA, °C). Também foi mensurada a produção de leite (PL, kg). Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) da TSCA e FR com valores variando de 34,8 a 35,5°C e 32,0 a 36,2 mov/min, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para TSC e os valores observados para PL e ITU foram 3,8; 3,8; 4,6; 4,1 kg e 77,7; 79,7; 80,6; 80,1, respectivamente. Houve efeito sazonal dos meses avaliados sobre a taxa respiratória dos animais, no entanto, isso não alterou a PL nem o ITU. O ambiente amazônico é propício a causar estresse térmico em vacas lactantes mantidas a pasto, sendo necessário o uso de sombreamento para facilitar a capacidade de dissipação de calor corporal desses animais.(AU)

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Background: Fibrosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin and can have different symptoms depending on the species, age, location and etiopathogenesis. Intestinal tumors in domestic cats are common and the small intestine is the most common site; however, fibrosarcomas are rare in the intestine of all animal species. This work reports intestinal fibrosarcoma in 2 domestic cats and aims to clarify and present information concerning this neoplastic type in the gastrointestinal tract of this species. Cases: We report 2 cases of intestinal fibrosarcoma in domestic felines (Felis catus). Cat 1. A 14-year-old female Persian breed, domestic cat, was taken to the Feline Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of Small Animals (HVPA) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). The main complaint was chronic constipation and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed an ulcerated mass, measuring 4.0 cm x 1.7 cm. Cat 2. A 10-year-old female undefined breed, domestic cat, was taken to the private clinic. The main complaint was diarrhea with bloody and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed nodule measuring 2.5 cm in diameter. The surgical option decided upon was to use the rectal pull-through technique in both animals. The patients had no trans-surgical or postoperative complications. The material collected during the surgical interventions was analyzed macroscopically and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h and then sent to the Histopathology Laboratory of the Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP) at UFRRJ for the cat 1 and in private laboratory for the cat 2. After fixation, it was cleaved for routine microscope exam using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stains and for the histochemical method of Masson's Trichrome staining technique. Complementary immunohistochemistry tests and electron microscopy were also performed. The patients were followed up clinically, showing complete remission of the clinical signs and survival for approximately 1 year after the neoplastic resection. Discussion: There are few reports of intestinal fibrosarcomas in veterinary medicine, therefore, little is known about racial predilection, age, sex or biological behavior. As far as these authors know, this is the 6th and 7th report of this neoplasm with a primary site in the large intestine in this species. The morphological diagnosis of fibrosarcoma is relatively simple, whereas, in some cases the differential diagnosis for tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, leiomyosarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) can be extremely difficult. The immunohistochemistry technique in these cases may not be particularly useful. The fibrosarcoma diagnosis was also confirmed by electron microscopy since no evidence was found that could lead to a neuronal origin, thus excluding tumors such as neurofibrosarcoma and schawnoma, corroborating the immunohistochemical examination. The surgical management of tumor resection with wide safety margins (minimum 2 cm) remains the "gold standard" therapy for dealing with fibrosarcomas since they have a low response rate to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the use of these therapies as an adjuvant is controversial. The advantages of this technique are related to the surgical time, simplicity, easy access and reduction in the risk of abdominal contamination. Histopathological, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations were sufficient to enable the diagnosis of an intestinal fibrosarcoma in both cats. The occurrence of this neoplasm with intestinal involvement in the feline species is rare; therefore, this description is important as it provides information about epidemiology, associated signs, differential diagnoses, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis.

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Background: Rectal tumors are uncommon in dogs and cats. The clinical signs result from intra- and extraluminal compression. Diagnosis and treatment of rectal tumors are challenging due to their intraplevic location. Owing to considerable bonesuperposition, computed tomography is the best exam to evaluate the tumor and plan surgery; however, poor availabilityand high costs may hinder its use. The objective of this case report is to describe the successful use of a combination ofdiagnostic techniques, namely transrectal ultrasound, transrectal fine-needle aspiration, and colonoscopy, for diagnosisand surgery planning in a case of intrapelvic intestinal leiomyoma in a dog.Case: A 13-year-old female mongrel dog with tenesmus, low stool production, and hematochezia for two months was presented for examination. During this two-month period, a symptomatic treatment was administered, but there was no clinicalimprovement. In the clinical evaluation revealed a painless mass on the left dorsolateral region, at a depth of around 4 cm,with considerable luminal reduction. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass close to the descending colon; however, bonesuperposition precluded identification of its origin or delimitation of its boundaries. The patient was subjected to transrectalultrasound imaging, colonoscopy, and cytological examination of fine-needle aspiration biopsy material collected under generalanesthesia. The mass was located at the final portion of the descending colon; it was extraluminal, and measured around 7 x7 cm. The integrity of the intestinal wall was preserved. Next, radiographic examination of the thorax using three projections(ventrodorsal, left lateral, and right lateral) was performed to check for metastases, and no alteration was detected. Cytologysuggested presence of leiomyoma. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with pubic osteotomy for intrapelvic access...

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Artificial shading is widely used to provide thermal comfort to animals and has been extensively researched due to its relationship with their welfare and performance. This study examines the physiological and behavioral traits of sheep in a feedlot system with and without access to shade. Twenty male Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred sheep with an initial average weight of 25 kg were used in the experiment. The animals were kept in two collective stalls, one of which was equipped with a polypropylene mesh shade net with 80% light interception capacity. The experiment was conducted in the feedlot of the Fazenda Escola farm at UEG, São Luís de Montes Belos Campus, state of Goiás, Brazil. Environmental indices (ambient temperature, relative humidity, temperature-humidity index), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and surface temperature (ST) were measured once weekly and behavioral assessments were performed one day after the physiological assessment, between 07h00 and 19h00. The following behaviors were evaluated: feeding, rumination, rest/sleep, social, play and anomalous activities. There were no significant differences for the analyzed variables and treatments. Animals with access to shade had the following physiological results: RR - 75.06 mov. min-¹; ST - 33.03 ºC; and RT - 39.21 ºC. Those without access to shade, in turn, showed the following indices: RR - 81.52 mov. min-¹; ST - 33.45 ºC; and RT - 39.43 ºC. The evaluated behaviors did not differ significantly, averaging 226.11 and 225.44 min (feeding), 153.33 and 149.44 min (rumination), 341.39 and 339.72 min (rest/sleep) and 152.50 and 154.72 min (other activities) recorded in the sheep with and without access to shade, respectively. Despite the lack of differences between the analyzed responses, the animals with access to artificial shade showed greater comfort, welfare and quality of life.

O sombreamento artificial é muito utilizado para proporcionar conforto térmico aos animais, e tem sido muito estudado em função da sua relação com o bem-estar e desempenho dos mesmos. Objetivou-se avaliar as características fisiológicas e comportamentais de ovinos em sistema de confinamento com e sem acesso a sombra. Foram avaliados 20 ovinos machos mestiços Santa Inês x Dorper com peso médio inicial de 25 Kg, mantidos em duas baias coletivas, com implantação do sombrite de malha de polipropileno, 80% de interceptação luminosa em uma das baias. O experimento foi conduzido no confinamento da Fazenda Escola da UEG, Campus São Luís de Montes Belos, Goiás, Brasil. Avaliações ambientais, temperatura ambiente (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR), índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), frequência respiratória (FR) e de superfície (TS) foram realizadas uma vez por semana e avaliações de comportamento foram realizadas um dia após a avaliação fisiológica, entre 7h e 19h. Os comportamentos avaliados foram o alimentar, ruminação, descanso e sono, social, lúdico e anormal. Em relação aos resultados obtidos, não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação as variáveis e tratamentos analisados. Os animais com acesso a sombra apresentaram em relação à FR, TS e TR, valores de 75,06 mov. min-¹, 33,03ºC e 39,21ºC, respectivamente, enquanto os animais sem acesso ao sombreamento apresentaram 81,52 mov. min-¹, 33,45ºC de TS e 39,43ºC de TC. Os comportamentos avaliados não diferiram significativamente, com médias em minutos para os comportamentos alimentar de 226,11 e 225,44, ruminação de 153,33 e 149,44, descanso e sono de 341,39 e 339,72 e outras atividades de 152,50 e 154,72, para os animais com e sem acesso ao sombreamento, respectivamente. Apesar de não observar diferenças entre as respostas analisadas, pode-se observar um maior conforto, bem-estar e qualidade de vida para os animais com acesso ao sombreamento artificial.

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Background: Embryo transfer is one of the most commonly used reproductive biotechnique. The success of embryotransfer is also affected by the synchrony of estrus and ovulation between donor and recipient animals. In horse reproduction, ultrasonography has been used, among other purposes, to diagnose early pregnancy. However, only the color Dopplerimaging mode makes it possible to evaluate the vascular architecture and the hemodynamic aspects of the vessels in severalorgans, especially the corpus luteum. The objective of this study was to evaluate, based on the color Doppler ultrasound,the corpus luteum vascularization and function from recipient mares at embryo transfer timing.Materials, Methods & Results: Mangalarga Machador mares from 5 to 10-year-old and a range of live weights of between350 to 450 kg were used for this experiment, kept in pasture-based on mombaça grass (Panicum maximum) and were givenad libitum access to water and mineral supplementation. The animals (n = 15) were gynecologically examined and uterineconsistency was evaluated by rectal palpation the same operator using an ultrasound system (SonoScape®) with a lineartransducer, and operating frequency ranging from 5 to 10 Mhz. The uterine tone was classified between grades 1 and 4 andsubjected to ovulation induction. The objective and subjective vascular perfusion of the corpus luteum was evaluated bycolor Doppler ultrasound on the day of embryo transfer and endometrium. The determination progesterone concentrationon the day of the embryo transfer was performed by direct chemiluminescence assay. The arcsine (√P/100) transformation was applied to the percentage data, and the results were expressed as mean (.) ± standard error of the mean (SEM).Further, the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity were verified, respectively, based on the Shapiro-Wilk and...

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Background: Ovarian teratoma is a rare tumor that occurs in dogs. Its origin comes from embryonic cells of the notochord and it is a unipotent tumor. Pyometra is the accumulation of purulent content in the uterine lumen. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is one of the factors predisposing a dog to the development of pyometra. The safest and most efficient treatment for pyometra is ovariohysterectomy. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of ovarian teratoma and cystic endometrial hyperplasia with concomitant pyometra in a Labrador Retriever Bitch. Case: A 10-year-old bitch Labrador Retriever, weighing 42 kg, was evaluated at Animal Care Barueri Veterinary Clinic, in Barueri, São Paulo. The patient was referred from another veterinary service to our clinic for an ovariohysterectomy and removal of an intestinal foreign body as previous ultrasonography (US) had indicated the presence of pyometra and a foreign body in the descending colon (she had ingested cloth according to the owner's report). Laboratory tests, complete blood count, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine levels did not show any significant changes. Upon examination, the clinical signs were mucopurulent vaginal discharge, 5% dehydration, rectal temperature 39.1°C, mild abdominal pain on palpation, normophagy, normodipsia, and normal defecation and urination. Laboratory tests and a new US were requested on which the uterus was observed with the presence of luminal anechoic content and increased uterine diameter (uterine horns 3.97 cm), an acoustic intestinal shadow supposedly from a foreign body, and on the leukogram, leukocytosis (23,600/mm3) due to neutrophilia with a right shift (20,532/mm3) was observed. Therapeutic ovariohysterectomy and exploratory celiotomy were chosen as therapeutic options. Celiotomy with caudoumbilical mid ventral access was performed. When the left uterine horn was identified, an attempt was made to pull it in order to expose the left ovary, but this maneuver was not successful. For this reason, the abdominal incision was enlarged cranially. At that point, a huge mass was observed in the ovary (which was supposedly the acoustic shadow of the foreign body in the descending colon/left ovary). The intestines appeared normal. Macroscopically, the mass had an irregular surface, round shape, firm consistency, and was 15 cm long x 10 cm wide. Once removed, the mass was incised in the transversal direction, purulent content, hair, and mineralized areas inside it were observed. Histopathological examination showed neoplastic proliferation, consisting of cells with elongated epithelioid shape that were arranged in long irregular bundles among well-differentiated adipose tissue. An exuberant eosinophilic matrix with extensive cystic areas filled with lamellar keratin and hairy stems covered by squamous epithelium was also observed. Extensive areas exhibiting nervous tissue with minimal atypia are shown. The morphological picture was compatible with teratoma. Discussion: The present report describes the concomitant presence of ovarian teratoma and pyometra in a dog. The diagnosis of pyometra requires complementary tests (laboratory and imaging). The intestinal acoustic shadow observed on the two US images obtained by two different professionals was suggestive of intestinal foreign body but was also a wrong diagnosis, which was confirmed after an exploratory celiotomy when the mass in the left ovary was identified. On the histopathological examination of this present case, epithelial, nervous, and cartilaginous tissues were observed. This differentiation of tissues corroborated the teratoma diagnosis. Thus, the importance of an accurate diagnosis contributes to the resolution of a surgical conditions that may have had a poor prognosis when the procedure took a longer time to perform.(AU)

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Objetivou-se avaliar as alterações fisiológicas de ovinos submetidos à restrição alimentar, expostos à radiação solar e à sombra. Dez borregas mestiças foram divididas igualmente em dois grupos: grupo radiação solar - GRS, animais expostos ao sol durante o dia; e grupo sombra - GS, animais alocados dentro de um galpão à sombra. Nos seis dias iniciais de experimento, os animais foram submetidos à restrição alimentar, com acesso apenas à água, já expostos ao sol ou à sombra. Nos seis dias subsequentes, foi ofertada dieta composta por ração e feno de alfafa (3%PV). Os parâmetros avaliados foram frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR), ß-hidroxibutirato (BHB), pH urinário, ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) e dados bioclimáticos (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e índice de temperatura e umidade - ITU). A FR foi o parâmetro em que houve maior diferença significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). O balanço energético negativo foi constatado em todos os animais (BHB>0,8mmol/L; pH<7,0). Ovelhas que sofrem restrição alimentar durante períodos de alta temperatura e umidade têm menor frequência respiratória e temperatura interna, independentemente de estar na sombra ou pleno sol. Porém, quando normalizado a oferta de alimento as ovelhas em pleno sol têm menor ingestão de matéria seca.(AU)

We aimed to evaluate physiological changes in sheep submitted to food restriction, exposed to the sun or shade. Ten ewe lambs were equally divided into two groups: Sun Radiation Group - GRS, exposed to sun during day hours, and Shade Group - GS, with animals placed inside a barn. In the first six days of experiment, animals were submitted to food restriction, with access to fresh water, already exposed to sun and shade. In the following six days alfalfa hay and concentrate were provided to the animals (3%BW). Parameters assessed were respiratory rate (FR), rectal temperature (TR), ß-hydroxybutyrate, urinary pH, dry matter intake (IMS) and climate data (air temperature, humidity, and temperature-humidity index - ITU). The parameter that most differed between groups was FR. All animals presented negative energy balance (BHB>0.8mmol/L; pH<7,0). Ewe lambs submitted to food restriction during periods of high temperature and humidity have lower respiratory rate and intern temperature, independently of being exposed to sun or shade. However, when food was offered animals exposed to sun had lower dry matter intake.(AU)

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Background: Atrial septal defects are generally classified into three types: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus venosus. Diagnose is normaly confirmed with Doppler echocardiography, which can identify and classify atrial septal defects types. This cardiac anomaly may be corrected by different surgical approaches, such as cardiopulmonary bypass or transvenous approaches. Therefore, we chose to close the atrial septal defect using a total venous inflow occlusion technique (TIVO), which has been successfully used in other procedures without major postoperative complications, and are notably cheaper and requires no specialized equipment, been able to be done in different places.Case: An American Pit Bull Terrier was referred to our surgical service for ostium secundum atrial septal defect correction, by the time of surgery the patient presented dyspneic; normal capillary refill time and rectal temperature; the owner mentioned the patient exhibited exercise intolerance and delayed development compared to other dogs of the same age or from the same litter. Cardiac auscultation revealed a systolic murmur at the left base, femoral pulse was normokinetic, and patient was emaciated and prostrated at the time of clinical evaluation. Atrial septal defect was suspected and then confirmed by Doppler echocardiography that revealed a discontinuous area in the interatrial septum, and by color doppler images an aliased signal, that extended through the interatrial septum and shunted from the left to the right atria, was visualized, confirming an ostium secundum atrial septal defect. After a right intercostal thoracotomy, a subphrenic pericardiectomy was performed to provide access to the heart. Cranial and caudal vena cava as well as the azygos vein, were dissected, which allowed placement of a Satinsky’s clamp to proceed with TIVO. Before TIVO initiation, a pursestring suture with 3-0 polypropylene was applied to the right atrium.[...]

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O conceito de Bem-estar animal remete às questões de adaptação dos indivíduos e pode ser acessado pela mensuração de quanto as necessidades dos animais estão sendo satisfeitas. Este estudo foi constituído por manuscrito de revisão sistemática da literatura a respeito das particularidades dos estudos sobre bem-estar de cães e também por manuscrito sobre avaliação de bem-estar dos cães terapeutas do ReabilitaCão. O primeiro manuscrito envolveu um levantamento de dados da literatura, utilizando critérios PRISMA. Após a definição de termos descritores foram selecionados 44 artigos científicos publicados no Pubmed, de janeiro de 1990 a janeiro de 2021; escritos em língua inglesa ou portuguesa, com livre acesso eletrônico. O termo descritor mais citado nos artigos foi roaming owned dogs (cães domiciliados soltos). Utilizamos a estratégia PICO para responder quais os principais aspectos dos estudos sobre bem-estar de cães. Verificou-se que a maioria das pesquisas sobre bem-estar de cães utilizam medidas positivas, de interação e resposta comportamental, para avaliação de comportamento de cães domiciliados. O segundo manuscrito visou a mensuração do bem-estar animal de 14 cães terapeutas vítimas de maus tratos, resgatados no município de Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil, sendo que dentre esses: 5 cães receberam 1 avaliação e 9 cães receberam 2 avaliações, com 3 meses de diferença entre elas, totalizando 23 avaliações (n=23). Após tratamento Veterinário, castração e vacinação os cães são encaminhados para um canil adaptado para recebê-los no Complexo Penitenciário do Vale do Itajaí, onde participam do ReabilitaCão, que se trata de um projeto de cinoterapia destinado ao auxílio na ressocialização dos apenados participantes, que por sua vez têm previsão de redução de pena. Este estudo teve por objetivo monitorar o bemestar dos cães terapeutas do ReabilitaCão. Para avaliação fisiológica dos cães foi realizada a pesagem, inspeção das mucosas, a aferição de temperatura retal, da frequência respiratória e cardíaca dos animais. Além disso, foi realizada uma coleta de 6mL de sangue por meio de punção da veia jugular ou cefálica dos cães, destinada à hemograma e dosagem de cortisol, lactato e glicemia em jejum. Ainda, foram realizadas análises comportamentais e ultrassonografia da glândula adrenal dos cães. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com auxílio do Programa PSPP (versão 1.2.0-g0fb4db). Variáveis numéricas foram analisadas via Teste -T pareado, para comparação no decorrer do tempo, e associadas por meio do Teste de Correlação de Pearson. Os resultados encontrados foram comprimento 15,9±1,72 mm para a adrenal esquerda (AE) e comprimento 15,14±01,36 mm para a adrenal direita (AD) (n=11). Além disso, encontramos valores médios de cortisol sérico de 2,181±1,35 mcg/dL (n=22); de glicemia de 73,434±13,86 mg/dL (n=23); e para lactato de 3,331±1,21 mmol/L (n=19). Eosinofilia foi a alteração mais frequente encontrada em 47,83% (11) dos cães (n=23). Na avaliação comportamental 56,52% (13) dos cães apresentaram comportamento categorizado como agressivo e medroso (n=23). Conclui-se que os cães terapeutas do ReabilitaCão apresentam boa condição de bem-estar determinada pela avaliação ultrassonográfica da glândula adrenal associada com a dosagem de cortisol. No entanto, a avaliação comportamental e a dosagem de glicose sugerem estresse crônico dos animais.

The concept of Animal Welfare refers to the adaptation issues of individuals and can be accessed by measuring of the animals' needs are being satisfied. This study consisted of a systematic literature review manuscript about the particularities of studies on dog welfare and also a manuscript on the welfare assessment of ReabilitaCão therapist dogs. The first manuscript was a survey of literature data, using PRISMA criteria. After defining descriptor terms, 44 scientific articles published in Pubmed from January 1990 to January 2021 were selected; written in English or Portuguese, with free electronic access. The descriptor term most cited in the articles was roaming owned dogs. We used the PICO strategy to answer the main aspects of dog welfare studies. It was found that most research on dog welfare uses positive measures such as interaction and behavioral responses to assess the behavior of domiciled dogs. The second manuscript aimed to measure the animal welfare of 14 therapist dogs victims of relinquishment, rescued in the city of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and among these 5 received 1 evaluation and 9 received 2 evaluations with 3 months of diference between than, totaling 23 evaluations. After Veterinary treatment, castration and vaccination, the dogs are sent to an adapted kennel to receive them at the Vale do Itajaí Penitentiary Complex. Inside the Penitentiary, where participate in the ReabilitaCão, which is a dog therapy project aimed at helping the resocialization of the inmates, who in turn are expected to reduce their sentences. This monitoring aims to analyze the well-being of dogs of ReabilitaCão. For the physiological evaluation of the dogs, weighing, inspection of the mucous membranes, rectal temperature, respiratory and heart rate of the animals were performed. In addition, a collection of 6mL of blood was performed by the puncture of the jugular or cephalic vein of the dogs, intended for the hemogram and measurement of cortisol, lactate, and fasting glucose. Furthermore, behavioral analyzes and ultrasound of the adrenal gland of the dogs were conducted. Statistical analyzes were performed using the PSPP Program (version 1.2.0-g0fb4db). Numerical variables were analyzed via the paired T-Test for comparison purposes over time and associated using Pearson's Correlation test. The results found for left adrenals (LA) were a mean length of 15.9±1.72 mm; and, for right adrenals (RA) (n=11), a mean length of 15.14± 1.36 mm. Besides, we found a mean of serum cortisol of 2.181±1.35 mcg/dL (n=22); glycemia was 73.434±13.86 mg/dL (n=23); and a mean lactate of 3.331±1.21 mmol/L (n=19). Eosinophilia was the most frequent alteration in blood count, found in 47.83% (11) of dogs (n=23). Regarding behavioral assessment, 56.52% (n=13) of dogs showed behaviors classified as aggressive and fearful (n=23). We concluded that the therapy dogs sheltered in the ReabilitaCão Project show good well-being conditions, determined by an ultrasound exam of adrenal glands associated with serum cortisol and lactate measurements. However, behavioral evaluation and fasting glycemia results indicate the chronic stress response of these animals.

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A busca por terapias alternativas ao uso de antimicrobianos que possam ajudar a reduzir os índices de morbidade e mortalidade e melhorar o desempenho na fase de aleitamento de bezerras leiteiras é desejável e nesse contexto a homeopatia/ ultra diluídos podem ser uma alternativa. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de um composto homeopático na incidência de doença, no desempenho e na resposta da fase aguda após mochação em bezerras da raça Holandês durante o aleitamento. Trinta e quatro bezerras recém-nascidas foram alojadas individualmente, com livre acesso a água e concentrado e alimentadas, em média, com 6 L/d de substituto do leite. Distribuidas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo um duplo cego controlado por placebo, alocadas em dois tratamentos: 1) Controle e 2) Suplementação de 5 ml de composto homeopático (Sulphur: 10-60 + Viola tricolor:10-14 + Caladium seguinum: 10-30 + Zincum oxydatum: 10-30 + Phosphorus: 10-60 + Cardus marianus: 10-60 + Colibacillinum: 10-30 + Podophyllum:10-30 + Veiculo: alcool), fornecido via oral, diariamente até o desaleitamento (75 dias). O consumo de alimentos e o escore de saúde foram monitorados diariamente e as avaliações de desempenho e crescimento foram realizadas semanalmente. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas ao nascimento e a cada 21 dias, duas horas após o aleitamento da manhã, para realização de hemograma e determinação dos metabólicos sanguíneos. A mochação foi realizada aos 72±12 dias quando foram coletadas amostras para análise de perfil inflamatório, hemograma e temperatura retal. O composto homeopático não diminui a incidência de doenças, escore fecal e não afetou o desempenho (P>0,05). Para os parâmetros sanguíneos não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05), apenas tendência em relação as plaquetas (P=0,06). Na mochação não foram observados efeitos de tratamento para resposta aguda, apenas efeito de tempo (P <0,05). A concentração de transferrina reduziu 2 horas após o procedimento, o que pode ser indicativo de um potencial marcador para inflamação. A albumina também teve seu comportamento alterado ao longo tempo (P<0,05). Dessa forma o composto homeopático não foi eficiente na diminuição da incidência de doenças, nem no aumento do desempenho, não alterando a resposta na fase aguda de bezerras durante o período de aleitamento.

The search for therapies alternative to antimicrobials that can help to reduce morbidity and mortality rates and improve performance of dairy calves during the preweaning phase is desirable and in this context homeopathy/ultra-diluted may be an option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ultra-diluted complex to the health, growth performance, and metabolism of dairy calves during the preweaning phase.Thirty-four newborn calves were individually housed, with free access to water and concentrate, and they were fed an average of 6 L/d of substitute of milk.For the statistics, the animals were allocated in a completely randomized design, using a double-blinded placebo-controlled and they were distributed in two treatments: (1) control and (2) Oral supplementation of 5 mL/d of ultra-diluted complex (Sulphur: 10-60 + Viola tricolor:10-14 + Caladium seguinum: 10-30 + Zincum oxydatum: 10-30 + Phosphorus: 10-60 + Cardus marianus: 10-60 + Colibacillinum: 10-30 + Podophyllum:10-30 + Vehicle: alcohol) once a day until weaning (75 days).Food consumption, fecal score and health score were monitored daily. Calves were weighed and measured weekly. Blood samples were collected at enrolment and at every 21 days until the 75th day, 2 hours after the morning milk feeding routine. The blood was tested for: hematology and albumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and creatinine. The disbudding was performed at 72 ± 12 days, rectal temperature was taken and blood was collected for analysis of the acute phase and blood count.The incidence of diseases, starter feed intake, daily weight gain, and body measurements were not affected by the ultra-diluted complex supplementation. Blood parameters were also not affected, except that for platelets (P=0,06 tendency) in the control group was observed lower count compared to the group of the ultra-diluted complex. In the disbudding analysis, no effects of treatment were observed on the acute response, only effect of time P <0.05. The transferrin concentration was reduced 2 hours after the procedure, which may be an indicative of a potential marker for inflammation after the procedure. Thus, the ultra-diluted complex was not efficient in reducing the incidence of diseases and did not affect the performance in the milk feeding phase.

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O acesso ao espaço epidural para um bloqueio anestésico seguro e efetivo é um desafio na anestesia de coelhos. A precisão na localização do espaço e no volume anestésico minimizam danos locais e efeitos sistêmicos deletérios. Objetivou com o estudo avaliar a eficácia da técnica de localização do espaço epidural em coelhos (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) com auxílio do estimulador de nervo periférico (ENP) e analisar a progressão do contraste ioexol pelo canal medular por meio de epidurografia, comparando duas técnicas de determinação do volume infundido. Seis coelhos adultos, raça Nova Zelândia Branco, foram submetidos a avaliação clínica e laboratorial. Transportados até o local do experimento, aclimatados por duas horas, e contidos fisicamente para aplicação intramuscular da associação de cloridrato de cetamina 10% (30 mg kg-¹) e midazolam 0,5% (1 mg kg-¹). Após 15 minutos, a veia cefálica foi canulada para indução e manutenção anestésica com propofol (3 mg kg-¹) e fluidoterapia. Ao plano cirúrgico iniciou-se o estudo para localização do espaço epidural com animal em decúbito esternal. No tratamento GI, o volume do ioexol foi instituído pelo peso em quilo de cada coelho sob a fórmula: 0,33 ml x peso. No tratamento GII, realizado oito dias após o tratamento GI, o volume foi instituído pelo comprimento da coluna vertebral em centímetros, distância compreendida entre o osso occipital e a primeira vértebra coccígea (Loc), sob a fórmula: 0,05 ml x Loc. As radiografias da coluna vertebral foram obtidas nas projeções latero-lateral direita e ventrodorsal, aos 5 e 25 minutos após a injeção do contraste ioexol no espaço epidural lombossacro. O volume médio de contraste no GI foi 1,02 ml ( 0,22) e no GII foi 2,10 ml ( 0,14), a média do peso foi 3,23 kg ( 0,69) e do comprimento de coluna foi 42 cm ( 2,83). A quantidade de vértebras lombares foi em média 7,33 ( 0,52). No grupo I (n=6), aos 5 minutos, os limites craniais da progressão do contraste variaram entre L4 e L5 e caudalmente entre L7 e S1. No grupo II (n=5), aos 5 minutos, os limites craniais da progressão do contraste variaram entre T10 e L5 e caudalmente entre S1 e S3. Em ambos os grupos, aos 25 minutos, não se observou a presença do contraste no canal medular. Em um coelho do grupo II foi observado a presença do contraste no espaço subdural em ambas as projeções radiográficas aos 5 e 25 minutos. O regime elétrico foi de 0,25 mA e a injeção do contraste durou 60 segundos. A média geral da frequência respiratória foi 52 mpm ( 21,27), frequência cardíaca 236 bpm ( 51,54), temperatura retal 37,3 ºC ( 0,87), hematócrito 34,17 % ( 3,19), hemoglobina 11 g/dL ( 0,96) e proteína 6,93 g/dL ( 2,08). Concluiu-se com esse estudo que a localização do espaço epidural lombossacro em coelho utilizando o estímulo elétrico de 0,25 mA do neuroestimulador foi eficaz em 91,67 % dos eventos (11 de 12) e o volume de 0,33 ml por quilo apresentou projeção cranial mais estável

Access to the epidural space for a safe and effective anesthetic block is a challenge in rabbit anesthesia. Precision in space location and anesthetic volume minimize local damage and deleterious systemic effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the epidural space localization technique in rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) with the aid of a peripheral nerve stimulator (ENP) and to analyze the propagation of ioexol contrast through the spinal canal by means of epidurography, comparing two determination techniques of the infused volume. Six adult New Zealand White rabbits underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation. Transported to the experimental site, acclimated for two hours, and physically contained for intramuscular application of the association of 10% ketamine hydrochloride (30 mg kg-¹) and 0.5% midazolam (1 mg kg-¹). After 15 minutes, the cephalic vein was cannulated for anesthetic induction and maintenance with propofol (3 mg kg-¹) and fluid therapy. At the surgical plan, the study for the location of the epidural space was started with the animal in sternal decubitus. In the GI treatment, the volume of iohexol was established by the weight in kilograms of each rabbit under the formula: 0.33 ml x weight. In the GII treatment, performed eight days after the GI treatment, the volume was established by the length of the spine in centimeters, the distance between the occipital bone and the first coccygeal vertebra (Loc), under the formula: 0.05 ml x Loc. Spinal radiographs were taken in the right lateral and ventrodorsal projections, at 5 and 25 minutes after the injection of ioexol contrast into the lumbosacral epidural space. The mean volume of contrast in GI was 1.02 ml ( 0.22) and in GII it was 2.10 ml ( 0.14), the mean weight was 3.23 kg ( 0.69) and column length was 42 cm ( 2.83). The number of vertebrae was on average 7.33 ( 0.52). In group I (n=6), at 5 minutes, the cranial limits of contrast propagation varied between L4 and L5 and caudally between L7 and S1. In group II (n=5), at 5 minutes, the cranial limits of contrast propagation varied between T10 and L5 and caudally between S1 and S3. In both groups, at 25 minutes, the presence of contrast in the spinal canal was not observed. In a rabbit from group II, the presence of contrast in the subarachnoid space was observed in both radiographic projections at 5 and 25 minutes. The electrical regime of the ENP was 0.25 mA and the contrast injection lasted 60 seconds. The overall mean respiratory rate was 52 mpm ( 21.27), heart rate 236 bpm ( 51.54), rectal temperature 37.3 ºC ( 0.87), hematocrit 34.17% ( 3.19), hemoglobin 11 g/dL ( 0.96) and protein 6.93 g/dL ( 2.08). It was concluded with this study that the localization of the lumbosacral epidural space in rabbits using the electrical stimulus of 0.25 mA from the neurostimulator was effective in 91.67% (11 of 12 and the volume of 0.33 ml per kilo showed a more stable cranial projection

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Background: Rectal prolapse is the protrusion of one or more layers of the rectum through the anal sphincter. Some of the possible causes are tenesmus, endoparasitism and large bowel inflammation. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) consists of advanced techniques to gain access to body cavities through natural openings without skin incision. Different access routes may be used. However, transrectal NOTES has not been often reported. This paper reports a case of rectal prolapse after transrectal NOTES in a porcine model. Case: A healthy, female domestic swine underwent experimental peritoneoscopy through transrectal route. The animal weighed 20 kg and was approximately 90 days old. Under general anesthesia, a pneumoperitoneum was created and, after this, the rectal lining was pulled out and incised so that the endoscope could be introduced into the abdominal cavity. Subsequently, the cavity was deflated and the rectal wall was sutured under direct viewing with single-layer extramucosal sutures closed with 3-0 polyglactin 910 and simple continuous pattern in the muscular region and submucosa. There was edema of the rectal lining with a slight protrusion and was reduced manually. There was prolapse recurrence and a pursestring suture was placed around the anus. The suture ruptured about 72 h after the endoscopic procedure and self-mutilation of the perineal...

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A cirurgia endoscópica por orifícios naturais (NOTES) representa um novo conceito de cirurgia, caracterizada por ausência de incisões abdominais. Os acessos mais comumente usados são o transvaginal e o transgástrico. Entretanto, as rotas transcolônica e transretal representam alternativas promissoras. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar três diferentes técnicas de sutura retal em três suínos submetidos a NOTES transretal para biópsia hepática, avaliando-se concomitantemente as repercussões clínicas e hematológicas. Sob anestesia geral, foi realizada uma incisão transversal no reto para a passagem do endoscópio até a cavidade abdominal em todos os animais para a realização da biópsia hepática. Cada animal recebeu um tipo de sutura retal: sutura em dois planos; reforço com tela de polipropileno ou reforço com membrana de pericárdio bovino. A NOTES transretal em modelo experimental suíno não apresentou implicações clínicas e hematológicas importantes, o que demonstra um acesso alternativo para biópsia hepática. Nenhum animal apresentou sinais de peritonite, aderências ou deiscência de pontos. O uso de reforço com pericárdio bovino para a sutura retal apresenta um atraso na cicatrização quando comparado com a sutura convencional ou com o uso de tela de polipropileno.(AU)

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Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade estral e os parâmetros fisiológicos de cabras Canindé e Repartida submetidas a diferentes regimes alimentares no semiárido Nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental Caatinga da Embrapa Semiárido, no período de novembro à dezembro de 2018. Foram utilizadas 60 cabras (30 cabras Canindé e 30 Repartida), sendo distribuídas em três regimes alimentares, classificadas em: Pasto (capim-buffel exclusivamente), Palma (pasto de capim-buffel+suplementação a base de palma forrageira e suplemento protéico) e Concentrado (pasto de capim buffel + suplementação protéica e energética).Os animais tiveram acesso a pastagem de Capim Buffel (Cenchrus ciliares) das 8h00 as 14h00, sendo, então, alojados em baias individuais, com acesso à água e suplementação concentrada e/ou à base de palma forrageira, exceto o grupo Controle, que recebeu pasto exclusivamente. Dois machos foram utilizados diariamente para observação do comportamento estral das cabras. A frequência respiratória (FR) e cardíaca (FC), bem como temperaturas retal (TR) e superficial (TS) foram mensuradas duas vezes por semana. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo três grupos experimentais (Concentrado, Palma e Pasto), duas raças (Canindé e Repartida), dois períodos (novembro e dezembro) e dois horários (8h e 14h), com até 20 repetições por tratamento. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada entre as variáveis climáticas e os parâmetros fisiológicos, bem como, entre os parâmetros ambientais e a atividade estral. As porcentagens de fêmeas em estro, bem como, a proporção de ciclos normais, curtos e longos entre os grupos experimentais e entre as raças foram avaliadas pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. Para todas as análises, foi utilizado 5% de significância. O grupo Concentrado e Palma apresentaram maiores ganho de peso total, ganho de peso diário, digestibilidade e eficiência alimentar em comparação com o grupo Pasto. Os animais do grupo Palma apresentaram maiores consumos de matéria seca total que o grupo Pasto. Os parâmetros de FC, FR, TR e TS foram superiores no horário da tarde em comparação ao horário da manhã para os grupos (Concentrado, Palma e Pasto). A TR dos grupos Palma (38,4 ± 0,4) e Concentrado (38,5 ± 0,03) apresentaram menores médias em relação ao grupo Pasto (38,7 ± 0,03). Animais suplementados com palma apresentaram maiores números de ciclos estrais (44,4%) quando comparados com animais com dietas exclusivamente à pasto (22,3%). As cabras Canindé apresentaram maiores porcentagens de ciclos estrais (63,9%) em comparação às cabras Repartida (36,1%). O regime alimentar com inclusão da palma forrageira e suplemento concentrado melhoram a eficiência alimentar e, consequentemente, melhoram a atividade estral, proporcionando maior número de fêmeas em estro e de ciclos estrais. As cabras Canindé e Repartida se mantiveram dentro da zona de conforto térmico, indicando uma boa adaptação às condições meteorológicas da região. Além disso, as cabras Canindé apresentaram maior regularidade de ciclos estrais em comparação as cabras Repartida.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the estrous activity and physiological parameters of Canindé and Repartida goats submitted to different diets in the Northeastern semiarid. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Semi-arid Experiment Camp Caatinga, from November to December 2018. 60 goats were used (30 Canindé and 30 Repartida), being distributed in three diets, classified in: Pasture (buffel grass exclusively), Palma (buffel grass pasture + supplementation with forage palm and protective supplement) and Concentrate (buffel grass pasture + prosthetic and energetic supplementation).The animals had access to Buffel Grass pasture from 8:00 to 14:00, and were then housed in individual stalls, with access to water and concentrated and / or forage palm, except the Control group, which received pasture exclusively. Two males were used daily to observe the goats' estrous behavior. Respiratory (RR) and heart rate (HR), as well as rectal (RT) and surface temperature (TS) were measured twice a week. A completely randomized design (CRD) in a 3x2 factorial scheme was used, being three experimental groups (Concentrate, Palm and Pasture), two races (Canindé and Repartida), two periods (November and December) and two times (8h and 14h), with up to 20 repetitions per treatment. The means were compared by Tukey test. Pearson's correlation was used between climatic variations and physiological parameters, as well as between environmental parameters and estrous activity. The percentages of females in estrus, as well as the proportion of normal, short and long cycles between experimental groups and between races were evaluated by the Chi-square test. For all analyzes, a 5% significance level was used. The Concentrated and Palm group showed greater total weight gain, daily weight gain, digestibility and feed efficiency compared to the Pasto group. The animals in the Palma group showed higher total dry matter consumption than the Pasture group. The HR, FR, TR and TS parameters were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning time for the groups (Concentrate, Palm and Pasture). The RT of the Palm group (38.4 ± 0.04) and Concentrate (38.5 ± 0.03) groups had lower averages compared to the presented lower mean than the Pasture group (38.7 ± 0.03). The palm supplemented animals presented higher number of estrous cycles (44.4%) when compared to the animals with diets exclusively in pasture (22.3%). The Canindé goats presented higher percentages of estrous cycles (63.9%) compared to the Repartida goats (36.1%). The diet with the inclusion of forage palm and concentrated supplement improves feed efficiency and, consequently, improves estrous activity, providing a greater number of females in estrus and estrous cycles. The Canindé and Repartida goats remained within the thermal comfort zone, indicating a good adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region. In addition, the Canindé goats showed greater regularity of the estrous cycles compared to the Repartida goats. Keywords: Indigenous goat. Estrous cycle. Thermic stress. Food supplement.

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O estabelecimento de acesso venoso pode ser desafiador em equinos de difícil manipulação, como garanhões e animais altamente estressados atendidos na rotina veterinária. Assim, a administração de fármacos sedativos pela via intramuscular facilita a manipulação desses animais, podendo evitar acidentes e garante maior segurança ao paciente e à equipe envolvida. Nesse cenário, este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a farmacodinâmica da administração intramuscular de detomidina, associada ou não à morfina. Para tanto, foram avaliados seis equinos hígidos, de qualquer raça, com idade de 2 a 10 anos, em delineamento experimental cruzado, comparando três tratamentos: IMD - administração intramuscular de detomidina 30 µg/kg; IMDM - administração intramuscular de detomidina a 30 µg/kg associada à morfina a 0,1 mg/kg; IVD - administração de detomidina 30 µg/kg pela via intravenosa. Foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos: frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, temperatura retal e motilidade intestinal, nos momentos antes e 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 minutos, e grau de sedação e altura de cabeça acima do solo nos momentos antes e 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 minutos após administração dos fármacos. Para a avaliação dos parâmetros fisiológicos foi realizado teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, e os dados não paramétricos testados por Kruskal-Wallis, com pós-teste de Dunn. Os dados paramétricos foram submetidos a ANOVA e comparados pelo teste t para amostras independentes. Os escores de sedação foram avaliados pelo teste de Friedman, para a comparação entre os momentos, e pelo teste de Mann Whitney para a comparação entre os tratamentos. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa Biostat 5.3, sendo considerado 5% de significância para todas as análises. A administração de detomidina associada à morfina pela via intramuscular promoveu maiores escores de sedação, quando comparada a administração isolada de detomidina IM. Além disso, mais animais apresentaram redução na altura de cabeça no tratamento IMDM. Contudo, em IMDM houve redução da frequência cardíaca aos 30 minutos de avaliação e redução da motilidade intestinal aos 60, 75, 90 e 105 minutos de avaliação. A associação de morfina e detomidina pela via intramuscular promove sedação de forma variável em cavalos, além disso, resulta em redução da motilidade intestinal mais prolongada quando comparada a administração isolada de detomidina intramuscular.

Establishing venous access can be challenging in horses that are difficult to handle, such as stallions and highly stressed animals treated in veterinary routine. Thus, the administration of sedative drugs through the intramuscular route facilitates the handling of these animals, being able to prevent accidents and ensures greater safety for the patient and the team involved. In this scenario, this work aims to study the pharmacodynamics of intramuscular administration of detomidine, associated or not with morphine. For this purpose, six healthy horses, of any breed, aged 2 to 10 years, were evaluated in a crossover experimental design, comparing three treatments: IMD - intramuscular administration of detomidine 30 µg / kg; IMDM - intramuscular administration of detomidine at 30 µg / kg associated with morphine at 0.1 mg / kg; IVD - administration of detomidine 30 µg / kg intravenously. The physiological parameters were evaluated: heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and intestinal motility, in the moments before and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes, and degree of sedation and head height above the ground in the moments before and 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes after administration of the drugs. For the evaluation of the physiological parameters, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed, and the non-parametric data tested by Kruskal-Wallis, with Dunn's post-test. The parametric data were submitted to ANOVA and compared by the t test for independent samples. The sedation scores were evaluated by the Friedman test, for the comparison between the moments, and by the Mann Whitney test for the comparison between the treatments. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Biostat 5.3 program, with 5% of significance considered for all analyzes. The administration of detomidine associated with morphine via the intramuscular route promoted higher sedation scores when compared to the isolated administration of detomidine IM. In addition, more animals showed a reduction in head height in the IMDM treatment. However, in IMDM there was a reduction in heart rate at 30 minutes of evaluation and a reduction in intestinal motility at 60, 90 and 105 minutes of evaluation. The combination of morphine and detomidine via the intramuscular route promotes variable sedation in horses, in addition, it results in a prolonged reduction in intestinal motility when compared to intramuscular detomidine alone.

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O uso de forma voluntária de sombra artificial e ducha é eficaz para o estabelecimento do conforto térmico dos animais, entretanto é necessário avaliar as consequências da limitação desses recursos. Baseado nisso, o presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da limitação no uso de sombra artificial e ducha, via dificuldade de acesso, sobre as variáveis comportamentais, fisiológicas e produtivas em vacas holandesas no período de dezembro de 2017 a março de 2018. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental de Iguatemi da Universidade Estadual de Maringá na Região de Maringá no Paraná. Foram utilizadas 8 vacas holandesas, 4 em lactação e 4 não lactantes distribuídas em pares em delineamento experimental duplo quadrado latino (4x4) nos tratamentos: acesso livre à sombra e ducha; acesso livre à sombra e restrição de acesso à ducha; restrição de acesso à sombra e livre à ducha; e restrição de acesso à sombra e ducha. Foram analisadas as variáveis comportamentais relacionadas à alimentação, ruminação, postura corporal e uso de sombra e ducha; a frequência respiratória (FR) e a temperatura retal (TR) como indicadores fisiológicos; e a temperatura de bulbo seco (TBS), temperatura radiante média (TRM), carga térmica radiante (CTR), umidade relativa do ar (UR) e velocidade do vento (VV) como variáveis meteorológicas. As variáveis meteorológicas (TBS=29,8ºC) exerceram forte influência sobre todas as respostas fisiológicas (FR=50 A 56 resp/min) e comportamentais. A restrição aos dispositivos de resfriamento (sombreamento artificial e duchas) não influenciou de forma significativa no tempo de permanência nesses recursos, nem negativamente nas variáveis comportamentais, fisiológicas e produtivas

The voluntary use of artificial shade and shower is effective for establishing the thermal comfort of the animals; however, it is necessary to evaluate the consequences of these resources limitation. Based on this, the present work was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of limiting the artificial shade and shower use, due to the access difficulty, on the behavioral, physiological and productive variables in Holstein cows from December 2017 to March 2018. The study was carried out at the Iguatemi Experimental Farm of the State University of Maringá in the Maringá Region of Paraná. Eight holstein cows, 4 lactating and 4 non - lactating cows were used in pairs in a double Latin Square (4x4) experimental design in the treatments: free shade and shower access; free shade access and restricted shower access; restricted shade access and free shower access; and restricted shade and shower access. The behavioral variables related to feeding, rumination, body posture and shade and shower use were analyzed; respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) as physiological indicators; and the dry bulb temperature (TBS), mean radiant temperature (TRM), radiant heat load (CTR), relative air humidity (RH) and wind speed (VV) as meteorological variables. The meteorological variables (TBS = 29.8ºC) exerted a strong influence on all the physiological (RR = 50 to 56 resp/min) and behavioral responses. Restriction to cooling devices (artificial shading and showers) did not influence significantly the time of stay in these resources or negatively in the behavioral, physiological and productive variables.

Resumo

To analyze stress during the intermediate stage of gestation, 43 multiparous, crossbred Santa Inês, pregnant ewes, with a average age of 5 and average body weight (BW) of 60kg, were challenged with a intravenous administration of 0.8µg.kg-1 of LPS (lipopolysaccharide E. coli - outer membrane cell of gram-negative bacteria), diluted in physiological saline solution - simulating an immune stressor. The females were placed in individual cages at feedlot, with adaptation period of 5 days before the begin of sampling, with free access to good water quality, shade and food in the trough (corn silage and mineral supplementation). The ewes were divided into three groups, with a completely randomized design (CRD): CG - control group, with 15 animals that were not subjected to stress; IG - intermediate group stage, with 14 animals undergoing stress at 70 days of gestation; FG final group, made up of 14 animals undergoing stress at 120 days of gestation. The variables used to investigate stress were measured during the intermediate stages of pregnancy in a 24 hour sampling, with this was possible to observe the change in rectal temperature (RT) and blood levels of cortisol by its circadian rhythm. Shortly after the baseline sampling, the treatment corresponding to the intermediate stage of gestation was submitted to stress, with the sampling interval of one hour each, from the first to

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Resumo

A identificação de genes relacionados à tolerância ao calor em bovinos pode permitir a seleção vantajosa de animais evitando a queda de produtividade causada por estresse térmico. O objetivo com este trabalho foi identificar se bovinos Angus e Simental e, se animais mais e menos adaptados dentro destas raças, diferiam em frequência respiratória, temperatura do pelame e retal e na expressão dos genes HSF1 e HSPA6, quando submetidos a estresse térmico por calor. Para isso, 100 animais foram classificados por nível de adaptação, de acordo com um índice baseado na média da frequência respiratória obtida em dois dias quentes de verão. Destes, 30 touros (n = 15 Angus e n = 15 Simental), extremos mais adaptados e menos adaptados de cada raça foram selecionados para o teste de tolerância ao calor. No dia anterior ao dia do teste de tolerância ao calor, os animais foram levados para um piquete adjacente com acesso à água, pasto e sombra até as 7:00 horas do dia seguinte para as medidas da manhã (M). Os animais foram mantidos no curral sem acesso à água e sombra até às 13:00 horas, quando foram realizadas as medidas da tarde (T). Nestes períodos, foram medidas a frequência respiratória da manhã (FRM) e da tarde (FRT), temperatura do pelame da manhã (TPM) e da tarde (TPT) e temperatura retal da manhã (TRM) e da tarde (TRT) e foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análise da expressão dos genes HSF1 e HSPA6. O procedimento MIXED do SAS (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC) foi utilizado em para todas as análises estatísticas. Houve interação de raça e período de adaptação para FRM (P = 0,023) e TRM (P = 0,095). Para a raça Simental, os animais menos adaptados tiveram maiores valores de FRM; entretanto, dentro da raça Angus não houve diferença entre os animais mais e menos adaptados. Os animais mais adaptados da raça Simental tiveram menores valores de FRM e TRM. A FRT foi maior (P = 0,004) nos animais menos adaptados do que nos mais adaptados. A TRT foi menor na raça Simental (P<0,001). Os animais menos adaptados tiveram maior quantidade de mRNA de HSF1 (P = 0,06) e HSPA6 (P = 0,09) do que os mais adaptados. Portanto, a frequência respiratória, a temperatura retal e a expressão dos genes HSF1 e HSPA6 podem ser indicadores de animais menos adaptados. A raça Simental é mais resistente do que a raça Angus em condição de conforto térmico, mas ambas tem comportamento semelhante sob estresse térmico.

Identification of genes related to heat tolerance in bovine may allow advantageous selection of animals avoiding productivity decrease caused by heat stress. The aim of this study was to identify whether Angus and Simmental cattle and, if more and least adapted animals within these breeds, differed in respiratory rate, coat surface and rectal temperature, and expression of the HSF1 and HSPA6 genes when subjected to heat stress. One hundred animals were classified by level of adaptation, according to an index based on the average of the respiratory rate obtained on two hot summer days. Of these, 30 bulls (n = 15 Angus and n = 15 Simmental), extreme most adapted" and "least adapted" of each breed were selected to the heat tolerance test. In the day before the heat tolerance test day, animals were taken to a paddock with water, grass and shade until 7 a.m. of the following day for morning (M) measurements. The animals were then kept in the barn without access to water and shade until 1 p.m., when the afternoon (A) measurements were performed. Respiratory rate in the morning (MRR) and afternoon (ARR), surface temperature in the morning (MST) and afternoon (AST), rectal temperature in the morning (MRT) and afternoon (ART) were measured and blood samples were collected for expression analysis of the HSF1 and HSPA6 genes. The MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC) was used for all statistical analysis. There was interaction of breed and level of adaptation for MRR (P = 0.023) and MRT (P = 0.095). For Simmental, the least adapted animals had greater values of MRR; however, within the Angus breed there was no difference between high and least adapted. The high adapted Simmental group had lesser values of MRR and MRT. The ARR was greater (P = 0.004) in least adapted then in high adapted animals. The ART was lesser in the Simmental breed (P<0.001). Least adapted had greater levels of mRNA of HSF1 (P = 0.06) and HSPA6 (P = 0.09) than high adapted animals. In conclusion, respiratory rate and rectal temperature and expression of the HSF1 and HSPA6 genes can be indicators of least adapted animals. The Simmental breed is more resistant than the Angus breed in a thermal comfort condition, but both have similar behavior under heat stress.

Resumo

Background: The most common abnormality associated to hyperthyroidism in cats is functional adenomatous hyperplasia. It might be present anywhere from the base of the tongue caudally to within the thoracic cavity, or even intrapericardial. Scintigraphic and computed tomography are useful imaging modalities to determine the location of hyperfunctioning thyroidal tissue. In cats, chylothorax can occur with several underlying disease processes, including congestive heart failure, mediastinal mass, heartworm infection and trauma, however it is commonly idiopathic. The aim of this study was to report the first case of chylothorax caused by intramediastinal ectopic thyroid adenoma in a cat. Case: A 19-year-old spayed domestic shorthair female cat was presented with difficulty breathing, dyspnea and hiporexia. The animal had history of chronic kidney disease, recurrent urinary tract infections and infl ammatory bowel disease, and had been receiving prednisolone and ceftiofur. Lung auscultation revealed silence on both Hemithorax and cardiac auscultation revealed reduced noise. Thoracic radiographs were performed, which revealed severe pleural effusion. Bilateral thoracocentesis was performed to avoid respiratory failure, and the fluid obtained was sent for cytological and biochemical examinations, which revealed the presence of chylothorax. Laboratory investigation including blood count and full biochemical screen were within normal limits, except for little elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Radiographs, ultrasonography and echocardiogram of thorax were performed post-drainage, and they did not reveal any abnormalities, leading to suspect of idiopathic chylothorax. In addition, computed tomography was performed to rule out all possibilities not identified in the other exams, which showed a mass at the cranial mediastinum. A cytological exam of the mass suggested thyroid adenoma. Therefore, the presumed diagnosis was chylothorax caused by compression of thyroid neoplasm. Then, three days later, the cat underwent sternal thoracotomy. The mass was on left of the midline, displacing esophagus and trachea. It was resected and a chest drain was placed. Within 24 h postoperatively, a little chylous effusion was drained, so the surgery was considered succesfull. However, the cat had low systolic blood pressure and rectal temperature, even with infusion of crystalloid and colloid and thermal mattress on. Hematological and biochemical exams were performed, which suggested sepsis. The animal died 30 h after surgical procedure. Histological examination of the resected mass was consistent with thyroid adenoma, and then it could confirm the cytological suggestion. Discussion: In cats, intramediastinal thyroid adenoma has been reported often being the result of one thyroid lobe descending into the thoracic cavity. Management of chylothorax should be directed at identification of the cause and treatment of the underlying disorder. However, often, it's cause is unknown due to the lack of access to advanced diagnostic techniques.Therefore it is necessary more accurate imaging modality, such as computed tomography and scintigraphy to define actual cause. This current case report is the first one that revealed chylous pleural effusions associated with ectopic thyroid. It was based on anatomic, clinical, surgical, laboratorial, tomographic findings, and in absence of significant formation of fluid postoperative.