Perfil profissional e técnico dos fiscais de inspeção sanitária do RS relacionado à cisticercose bovina / Professional and technical profile health inspection inpectors in RS related to bovine cysticercosis

A cisticercose bovina é responsável por elevados prejuízos na cadeia produtiva da carne, estando relacionada a uma das principais enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer o perfil de Médicos Veterinários atuantes no sistema de inspeção oficial sobre questões ligadas à inspeção sanitária de carcaças bovinas e ao complexo teníase-cisticercose, bem como a sua interpretação da legislação (Decreto n o 9013/2017) relacionada à cisticercose. No período de junho a julho de 2020 foi realizado um levantamento sob forma de questionário a médicos veterinários que trabalhavam na inspeção do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul sobre questões ligadas a carcaças bovinas e ao complexo teníasecisticercose. Foram entrevistados 58 médicos veterinários que atuam no Sistema de Inspeção Estadual (SIE), em relação à legislação. Desses, 46,55% não consideram a legislação aplicada aos casos de cisticercose clara e de fácil interpretação. Sobre a rotina de inspeção, 25% não realizam treinamento de reciclagem e 6,90% dos fiscais não monitoram as atividades dos seus auxiliares durante a rotina de inspeção dos sítios pré-determinados. Sobre o método de inspeção, 70,69% afirmam ser insuficiente a pesquisa de cisticercos realizada na linha de abate para garantir a sanidade da carcaça. A decisão de liberar a carcaça com apenas um cisticerco calcificado após inspeção completa é considerada errada por 55,17%. De acordo com a interpretação dos Médicos Veterinários, observou-se que a legislação vigente deve ser questionada e que os estudos contribuem para uma melhora da qualidade do sistema de Inspeção Estadual nos produtos de origem animal.(AU)

Bovine cysticercosis is responsible for high losses in the meat production chain, being related to one of the main diseases transmitted by food. The objective of this work is to know the profile of Veterinarians in the official inspection system on issues related to the health notification of bovine carcasses and the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex and their interpretation of the legislation (Decree No. 9013/2017) related to cysticercosis. From June to July 2020, a survey was carried out in the form of care for veterinarians who attended surveillance in the State of Rio Grande do Sul on issues related to bovine carcasses and the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex. There were 58 veterinarians who work in the State Inspection System (SIE), in relation to legislation, 46.55% of doctors do not consider the legislation applied to cases of cysticercosis clear and easy to interpret. About the maintenance routine, 25% did not call for refresher training and 6.90% of the inspectors do not monitor the activities of their assistants during the maintenance routine of the predetermined sites. Regarding the method of protection, 70.69% claim that the survey of cysticerci carried out on the slaughter line is insufficient to guarantee the health of the carcass. The decision to release the carcass with only one calcified cysticercus after complete verification is considered wrong by 55.17%. According to the interpretation of the Veterinarians, it was observed that the current legislation must be questioned and that the studies obeyed to improve the quality of the State Inspection system in products of animal origin.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil - spatial analysis

Background: Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is a potentially fatal disease with a worldwide distribution, being endemic in 12 countries in the Americas. The main reservoir in the urban environment is the dog, whose cases precede the disease in humans. For the control of HVL, the Ministry of Health of Brazil recommends efficiency in the notification of human cases, control of sandflies, elimination of reservoirs and health education, in addition to the interruption in the transmission of the disease by the intensification of surveillance and control of priority areas based on identification by spatial analysis. The objective of the study was to investigate the spatial distribution of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, determining areas of risk by identifying spatial clusters, with a view to monitoring and implementing preventive actions. Materials, Methods & Results: Secondary data from sample and/or routine serological surveys for serological diagnosis of LVC in the period from 2011 to 2018 were used. The inclusion of animals in the routine diagnosis per municipality resulted from demands of veterinarians, veterinary clinics, dog tutors, zoonoses control centers and environmental surveillance. The spatial statistical analysis was performed with SatScan software version 9.6 for the detection of spatial clusters, based on using the statistical scan method. Of the total of 231,123 dogs tested in the period, 24,642 (10.6%) were seroreactive for CVL. During the study, the municipalities with the highest number of cases were Natal and Mossoró, with 9,671 and 4,514 cases, respectively. During the years 2011 to 2018, 38 significant clusters (P < 0.05) were identified that included one or more municipalities. Discussion: The state of Rio Grande do Norte has an urban environment susceptible to the occurrence of CVL, with climate and topography that favor the proliferation of the vector and housing in precarious socio-sanitary conditions. The high number of CVL cases in Natal can be explained by the fact that the city is considered endemic for CVL, characterized as an area of intense transmission of the disease, according to the Ministry of Health. In addition, public infrastructure in some locations is deficient and living conditions are unfavorable, so that there is a need to invest in effective protection measures for vector control, as well as a focus on health education, whose HVL control measures in the municipality need to be readjusted. The high rate of cases and the constant presence of clusters in the municipality of Açu can be explained by the increasing degradation of the Caatinga biome, evidenced by the removal of firewood for use in the ceramist pole, whose activity is concentrated on a large scale in the use of raw material and energy, through the production of charcoal, for agricultural and livestock fronts, putting species of fauna and flora at risk. It is also noteworthy that this fact contributes to the destruction of wild ecotopes, resulting in the search for the vector for other sources of human and animal food, allowing an increase in the number of cases of the disease. It's concluded that canine visceral leishmaniasis is distributed in a large part of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The underreporting and/or deficiency in the disclosure of data by some municipalities represents a challenge in complying with the actions of the Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Program, and attention should be paid to the monitoring and inspection of the execution actions of municipal managers, as well as how to train professionals who are part of the service.

Desempenho de graduandos em medicina veterinária da usp na disciplina de inspeção sanitária dos produtos de origem animal, a partir da modernização de metodologias de ensino e avaliação, entre os anos de 2017 e 2020 / Performance of undergraduates in veterinary medicine at usp in the subject of health inspection of products of animal origin, from the modernization of teaching and evaluation methodologies, between 2017 and 2020

Este relato de caso teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de graduandos em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de São Paulo na disciplina de Inspeção Sanitária dos Produtos de Origem Animal quando da aplicação de novas metodologias de estruturação, desenvolvimento e avaliação de conteúdos organizados por assuntos, em blocos. Ao final de cada bloco foi feita uma prova teste de múltipla escolha. A amostra deste estudo foi formada por 335 alunos do 9º semestre de medicina veterinária entre os anos 2017, 2018, 2019 e 2020. Foram utilizadas análise estatística descritiva e multivariada (teste t) dos dados. Constatou-se que houve aumento das notas finais entre os anos de 2018, 2019 e 2020 em relação ao ano de 2017, quando ainda não se utilizava esta abordagem. O resultado do teste t foi de t = 1,12-24 (2017-2018), t = 2,06-15 (2017-2019) e t = 6,55-15 (2017-2020), com p<0,05, evidenciando diferença estatística entre as médias das notas dos alunos de 2017, 2018, 2019 e 2020. Concluiu-se que a organização dos conteúdos em blocos e a aplicação de avaliação permitiu a melhoria de desempenho dos estudantes na disciplina.(AU)

This case report aimed to evaluate the performance of undergraduate students in Veterinary Medicine at the University of São Paulo in the discipline of Sanitary Inspection of Products of Animal Origin when applying new methodologies for structuring, developing and evaluating content organized by block subjects. At the end of each block, a multiple-choice test was performed. The sample of this study was formed by 335 students from the 9th semester of veterinary medicine between the years 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis (t test) of the data was used. It was found that there was an increase in the final grades between the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 compared to the year 2017, when this approach was not yet used. The result of the t test was t = 1,12-24 (2017-2018), t = 2,06-15 (2017-2019) and t = 6,55-15 (2017-2020), with p<0,05, showing a statistical difference between the average grades of students in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. It was concluded that the organization of the contents in blocks and the evaluation application allowed the improvement of students' performance in the discipline.(AU)

Tuberculosis in bovine slaughtered in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / Tuberculose em bovinos abatidos no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Between November 2017 and August 2018, in order to determine the occurrence of tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, 11,610 bovine carcasses underwent a routine post-mortem inspection. One animal presented suggestive lesions and samples from lung, spleen and heart were submitted to microbiological culture in Stonebrink medium for 90 days and molecular analysis by nested-PCR. For histopathological examination and Ziehl Neelsen staining, the omentum was used. In the cultured samples, two of them (heart and spleen) showed growth, but were not confirmed as M. bovis by conventional PCR. At nested-PCR, the samples showed amplification for the TbD1 region. The presence of numerous granulomas was detected in the histopathological examination characterized by anecrotic center and areas of mineralization, as well as the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the Ziehl Neelsen stain. Microbiological culture can show false negative results, despite being considered a gold standard technique, although it takes time. Nested-PCR and histopathology show fast and effective results for the diagnosis of the disease. The presence of positive animals represents a public health risk in the studied region. Therefore, one of the essential systems applied to the control of bovine tuberculosis is the epidemiological surveillance of animals in slaughterhouses.

Entre novembro de 2017 e agosto de 2018, com objetivo de determinar a ocorrência de tuberculose em bovinos abatidos no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte, 11.610 carcaças de bovinos passaram por inspeção post-mortem de rotina. Um animal apresentou lesões sugestivas e amostras de pulmão, baço e coração foram submetidas ao cultivo microbiológico em meio Stonebrink por 90 dias e análise molecular pela nested-PCR. O omento foi utilizado para exame histopatológico e coloração de Ziehl Neelsen. Nas amostras cultivadas, duas (coração e baço) evidenciaram crescimento, mas M. bovis não foi confirmado na PCR convencional. Já na nested-PCR, as amostras exibiram amplificação para a região TbD1. Foi detectada a presença de inúmeros granulomas no exame histopatológico caracterizados por possuírem um centro necrótico e áreas de mineralização, bem como a presença de bacilos Álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR)na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. A cultura microbiológica pode apresentar resultados falso-negativos, apesar de ser considerada uma técnica padrão-ouro, embora demorada. A nested-PCR e a histopatologia apresentam resultados rápidos e eficazes para o diagnóstico da enfermidade. A presença de animais positivos representa um risco a saúde pública na região estudada. Portanto, um dos sistemas essenciais aplicados ao controle da tuberculose bovina é a vigilância epidemiológica dos animais em abatedouros.

Hemitireoidectomia por carcinoma em equino / Equine carcinoma hemithyroidectomy

Background: In horses, the thyroid gland is located slightly caudal to the larynx and dorsolaterally between the third and sixth tracheal ring, adjacent to the thyroid, there are four small glands called parathyroid glands. In the clinical routine of horses, thyropathies are difficult to be diagnosed, as they have a silent evolution. Thyroid neoplasia is the most common finding in horses, usually unilateral and normally present in older animals. The present study reports a case of equine thyroid carcinoma and its systemic clinical effects, which was successfully treated by means of hemitieroidectomy. Case: A 12-year-old male mixed breed horse weighing 436 kg, was admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the FZEA/USP with the main complaint of volume increase in the right ventrolateral region of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, significant weight loss and weakness of the pelvic limbs. On inspection, there was an increase in volume in the topographic region of the thyroid gland and on palpation, there was a firm mass, with delimited edges, with a smooth, mobile surface, without increasing the temperature and without pain. The animal was sent for ultrasound examination, which revealed a delimited mass, with an apparent capsule around it, differentiated and disorganized cellularity with small hypoechoic points of liquid inside the structure, with no apparent vascularization inside the mass. These findings, associated with the anatomical location of the mass, were consistent with thyroid tissue. The clinical signs commonly observed in thyroid neoformations are respiratory stridor, decreased performance, difficulty in swallowing and suffocation. As there was a compromised diet and weight gain, as well as athletic performance, he chose to have a hemithyroidectomy. After surgery, histopathology of the tissue was performed and thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed. Postoperatively, the animal was medicated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-tetanus serum, after 10 days the stitches were removed and the animal was discharged. Discussion: Neoplasia is the most frequent cause of progressive thyroid growth and in case of suspicion of thyroid disorders, thin needle aspiration (FNAB) is recommended and, later, histopathological examination, which is considered the gold standard for diagnosis pathologies of the thyroid gland. In the present case, no FNAB or preoperative histopathological examination was performed due to the time required to obtain the result, associated with difficulty in swallowing and significant weight loss, which required immediate removal of the mass. Considering that the ultrasound examination revealed the absence of noble structures or important vascularization very close to or adhered to the mass, its removal prior to the histopathological examination was indicated. As there was compromised feeding and weight gain, he opted for hemithyroidectomy, the recommended treatment for unilateral tumors in horses. When performing a hemithyroidectomy, it should be remembered that the parathyroid glands accompany the thyroid and are located in its posterior portion, in the pre tracheal region, with its variable final position. With this variation in topography, the identification of parathyroid glands becomes challenging and, consequently, after thyroidectomy, a portion of parathyroid glands stops operating, and this fact is marked clinically by hypocalcemia and its consequences. In this case described, in which the animal had a tumor in thyroid tissue, possibly the parathyroid functions were also altered, which probably reflected in the lameness in the pelvic limbs. It is concluded that partial hemithyroidectomy in horses is an easy procedure to perform and has favorable results in relation to prognosis and quality of life.

Tuberculosis in bovine slaughtered in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / Tuberculose em bovinos abatidos no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Between November 2017 and August 2018, in order to determine the occurrence of tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, 11,610 bovine carcasses underwent a routine post-mortem inspection. One animal presented suggestive lesions and samples from lung, spleen and heart were submitted to microbiological culture in Stonebrink medium for 90 days and molecular analysis by nested-PCR. For histopathological examination and Ziehl Neelsen staining, the omentum was used. In the cultured samples, two of them (heart and spleen) showed growth, but were not confirmed as M. bovis by conventional PCR. At nested-PCR, the samples showed amplification for the TbD1 region. The presence of numerous granulomas was detected in the histopathological examination characterized by anecrotic center and areas of mineralization, as well as the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the Ziehl Neelsen stain. Microbiological culture can show false negative results, despite being considered a gold standard technique, although it takes time. Nested-PCR and histopathology show fast and effective results for the diagnosis of the disease. The presence of positive animals represents a public health risk in the studied region. Therefore, one of the essential systems applied to the control of bovine tuberculosis is the epidemiological surveillance of animals in slaughterhouses.(AU)

Entre novembro de 2017 e agosto de 2018, com objetivo de determinar a ocorrência de tuberculose em bovinos abatidos no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte, 11.610 carcaças de bovinos passaram por inspeção post-mortem de rotina. Um animal apresentou lesões sugestivas e amostras de pulmão, baço e coração foram submetidas ao cultivo microbiológico em meio Stonebrink por 90 dias e análise molecular pela nested-PCR. O omento foi utilizado para exame histopatológico e coloração de Ziehl Neelsen. Nas amostras cultivadas, duas (coração e baço) evidenciaram crescimento, mas M. bovis não foi confirmado na PCR convencional. Já na nested-PCR, as amostras exibiram amplificação para a região TbD1. Foi detectada a presença de inúmeros granulomas no exame histopatológico caracterizados por possuírem um centro necrótico e áreas de mineralização, bem como a presença de bacilos Álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR)na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. A cultura microbiológica pode apresentar resultados falso-negativos, apesar de ser considerada uma técnica padrão-ouro, embora demorada. A nested-PCR e a histopatologia apresentam resultados rápidos e eficazes para o diagnóstico da enfermidade. A presença de animais positivos representa um risco a saúde pública na região estudada. Portanto, um dos sistemas essenciais aplicados ao controle da tuberculose bovina é a vigilância epidemiológica dos animais em abatedouros.(AU)

Índice de CMP em leite pasteurizado comercializado em Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante os anos de 2011 a 2017 / Caseinomacropeptide index in pasteurized milk retailed in Minas Gerais, Brazil from 2011 to 2017

Cheese whey is a nutritious byproduct in the dairy industry, however, due to low commercial value, its use as a milk adulterant is a common practice not easily detected by routine analysis. In Brazil, quantification of caseinomacropeptide (CMP) index, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), is officially used to investigate illegal cheese whey addition to milk. Milk with CMP index above 30mg/L is considered not suitable for human consumption. The objective of this research was to report the CMP index in 185 samples of pasteurized milk, representing 73 commercial brands produced in 51 counties and ten mesoregions of the state of Minas Gerais, from 2011 to 2013 (58 samples) and 2015 to 2017 (127 samples). CMP index was considered normal (up to 30mg/L) in 75.1% of the samples. However, 21.1% presented CMP index above 75mg/L and 3.8% from 31 to 75mg/L. CMP index above 75mg/L was found in 17.4% of the samples produced during the dry season (April to September) and in 24.7% during the rainy season (October to March). These data point to the need of more efficient monitoring and inspection processes to hinder adulteration with cheese whey addition to milk.(AU)

Índice de CMP em leite pasteurizado comercializado em Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante os anos de 2011 a 2017 / Caseinomacropeptide index in pasteurized milk retailed in Minas Gerais, Brazil from 2011 to 2017

Cheese whey is a nutritious byproduct in the dairy industry, however, due to low commercial value, its use as a milk adulterant is a common practice not easily detected by routine analysis. In Brazil, quantification of caseinomacropeptide (CMP) index, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), is officially used to investigate illegal cheese whey addition to milk. Milk with CMP index above 30mg/L is considered not suitable for human consumption. The objective of this research was to report the CMP index in 185 samples of pasteurized milk, representing 73 commercial brands produced in 51 counties and ten mesoregions of the state of Minas Gerais, from 2011 to 2013 (58 samples) and 2015 to 2017 (127 samples). CMP index was considered normal (up to 30mg/L) in 75.1% of the samples. However, 21.1% presented CMP index above 75mg/L and 3.8% from 31 to 75mg/L. CMP index above 75mg/L was found in 17.4% of the samples produced during the dry season (April to September) and in 24.7% during the rainy season (October to March). These data point to the need of more efficient monitoring and inspection processes to hinder adulteration with cheese whey addition to milk.(AU)

Cisticercose, faciolose e hidatididose em bovinos abatidos na área Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo / Cysticercosis, faciolosis and hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered in the Midwest aerea of São Paulo State

Patologias como cisticercose, fasciolose e hidatidose são muito comuns na rotina de inspeção dos frigoríficos de bovinos, sendo descritas na literatura como importantes causas de condenações em abatedouros frigoríficos. Tendo em vista o conceito de saúde única, onde temos de forma integrada a saúde animal, saúde humana e saúde ambiental, este trabalho avaliou a ocorrência de cisticercose, fasciolose e hidatidose em bovinos abatidos na região Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, através de estudo retrospectivo em frigorífico sob inspeção estadual na cidade de Torrinha, perfazendo um total e 24.286 animais abatidos provenientes de 15 municípios no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. Verificou-se que as prevalências médias de fasciolose, cisticercose e hidatidose foram de 5,61%, 2,41% e 0,64%, respectivamente. Observou-se queda de 3,24% para 1,49% na incidência da cisticercose e de 6,15% para 5,01% de fasciolose, quando comparados os anos de 2014 e 2015. Houve aumento da incidência de hidatidose de 0,46% para 0,84%, de 2014 para 2015. Também, ficou evidente a variação das prevalências entre os 15 municípios do estudo, de 0,90% a 7,94% para cisticercose, de 0,17% a 36,47% para fasciolose e de 0,17% a 5,44% para hidatidose. Portanto, os resultados deste levantamento demonstram maior prevalência de fasciolose nos bovinos abatidos na Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, seguido por cisticercose e hidatidose, respectivamente. Tais resultados poderão servir de instrumento para políticas públicas de controle destas enfermidades.

Pathologies such as cysticercosis, fasciolose and hydatidosis are very common in the routine inspection of cattle slaughterers, being described in the literature as one of the main causes of slaughterhouse condemnations for parasites. Considering the concept of unique health, where we have integrated animal, human and environmental health, this work evaluated the occurrence of cysticercosis, fasciolosis and hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered in the Midwest region of São Paulo State, through a retrospective study in a state-controlled abattoir in the city of Torrinha, totaling 24,286 slaughtered animals from 15 municipalities during period of January 2014 to December 2015. It was seen that the medical prevalence’s of fasciolosis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis were respectively of 5,61%, 2,41% and 0,64%. It was observed a decrease in the incidence of cysticercosis from 3,24% to 1,49% and also for fasciolosis from 6,15% to 5,01%, when compared the years 2014 and 2015. There was an increase in the incidence of hydatidosis from 0,46% to 0,84% between 2014 and 2015. In addition, a variation on the prevalence was evident between the 15 studied municipalities, from 0,90% to 7,94% for cysticercosis, from 0,17% to 36,47% for fasciolosis and from 0,17% to 5,44% for hydatidosis. Therefore, the results of this survey show a higher prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered in the Midwest of São Paulo State, followed by cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively. Such results may serve as an instrument for public policies to control these diseases.

Cisticercose, faciolose e hidatididose em bovinos abatidos na área Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo / Cysticercosis, faciolosis and hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered in the Midwest aerea of São Paulo State

Patologias como cisticercose, fasciolose e hidatidose são muito comuns na rotina de inspeção dos frigoríficos de bovinos, sendo descritas na literatura como importantes causas de condenações em abatedouros frigoríficos. Tendo em vista o conceito de saúde única, onde temos de forma integrada a saúde animal, saúde humana e saúde ambiental, este trabalho avaliou a ocorrência de cisticercose, fasciolose e hidatidose em bovinos abatidos na região Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, através de estudo retrospectivo em frigorífico sob inspeção estadual na cidade de Torrinha, perfazendo um total e 24.286 animais abatidos provenientes de 15 municípios no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. Verificou-se que as prevalências médias de fasciolose, cisticercose e hidatidose foram de 5,61%, 2,41% e 0,64%, respectivamente. Observou-se queda de 3,24% para 1,49% na incidência da cisticercose e de 6,15% para 5,01% de fasciolose, quando comparados os anos de 2014 e 2015. Houve aumento da incidência de hidatidose de 0,46% para 0,84%, de 2014 para 2015. Também, ficou evidente a variação das prevalências entre os 15 municípios do estudo, de 0,90% a 7,94% para cisticercose, de 0,17% a 36,47% para fasciolose e de 0,17% a 5,44% para hidatidose. Portanto, os resultados deste levantamento demonstram maior prevalência de fasciolose nos bovinos abatidos na Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, seguido por cisticercose e hidatidose, respectivamente. Tais resultados poderão servir de instrumento para políticas públicas de controle destas enfermidades.(AU)

Pathologies such as cysticercosis, fasciolose and hydatidosis are very common in the routine inspection of cattle slaughterers, being described in the literature as one of the main causes of slaughterhouse condemnations for parasites. Considering the concept of unique health, where we have integrated animal, human and environmental health, this work evaluated the occurrence of cysticercosis, fasciolosis and hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered in the Midwest region of São Paulo State, through a retrospective study in a state-controlled abattoir in the city of Torrinha, totaling 24,286 slaughtered animals from 15 municipalities during period of January 2014 to December 2015. It was seen that the medical prevalences of fasciolosis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis were respectively of 5,61%, 2,41% and 0,64%. It was observed a decrease in the incidence of cysticercosis from 3,24% to 1,49% and also for fasciolosis from 6,15% to 5,01%, when compared the years 2014 and 2015. There was an increase in the incidence of hydatidosis from 0,46% to 0,84% between 2014 and 2015. In addition, a variation on the prevalence was evident between the 15 studied municipalities, from 0,90% to 7,94% for cysticercosis, from 0,17% to 36,47% for fasciolosis and from 0,17% to 5,44% for hydatidosis. Therefore, the results of this survey show a higher prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered in the Midwest of São Paulo State, followed by cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively. Such results may serve as an instrument for public policies to control these diseases.(AU)

Broiler Chicken Meat Inspection Data in Brazil: A First Glimpse into an Animal Welfare Approach

ABSTRACT We aimed to study the potential use of carcass condemnation data of broiler chicken slaughterhouses in Brazil as indicators in an animal welfare monitoring program, and to identify points to be addressed to increase data reliability. Data from 2010 to 2015 in the states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) were used. Fractures and bruising were recorded together, representing the most prevalent welfare problem, followed by skin lesion or inflammation. In PR, progressive increases on injury, arthritis, ineffective bleeding, and air sacculitis condemnation may reveal important welfare aspects. High correlation between AWI within PR was more commonly observed than in RS and SC, perhaps as a result of earlier implementation of local meat inspection standardization. Principal component analysis showed changes on condemnation data pattern in PR after standardization, pointing injury and Escherichia coli problems as the main causes for condemnation related to animal welfare. There is considerable potential to improve animal health and welfare surveillance using meat inspection structure that is already in place for food safety purposes, provided that the competent authority harmonizes the procedure of meat inspection among the States, sets specific animal welfare outcomes to be monitored, and integrates condemnation, transport and flock data. It seems crucial to update data collection to establish a routine that allows risk analysis regarding both food safety and animal welfare. In this regard, cooperative work between Federal Inspection and companies seems an interesting approach to promote transparency of the production processes, which would benefit society and animals.

Perfil da implantação de cisticercos de Taenia saginata em sítios musculares não usuais e sua importância para a Saúde Pública

ABSTRACT: Cysticercosis is a worldwide zoonosis, which demands proper control and monitoring during all beef production chain. In Brazil, the key point for controlling this zoonosis is the anatomopathological exam conducted in slaughterhouses during the post-morten inspection. This study aimed to describe the cysticerci location in tissues not usually examined during the inspection, and to check their viability in bovines infected with Taenia saginata eggs (group 1: experimental; group 2: natural). After slaughtering, animal from both groups were routinely examined for cysticercosis, according official Brazilian standards; group 1 animals were also examined in additional anatomic regions: end cuts (chuck, rump, strip loin, and shoulder), liver, esophagus, diaphragm and pillars. In group 1, cysticerci were identified in chuck (8.2%), shoulder (6.6%), strip loin (6.2%), and rump (5.8%), and also in tissues that are not usually considered during routine inspection, such as diaphragm (2.7%), liver (12.0%) and esophagus (1.2%). Still in group 1, the routine inspection identified cysticerci in hearth (37.7%), head muscles (17.1%), and tongue (2.3%). In group 2, cysticerci were identified in hearth (61.8%), head muscles (38.2%), and liver (10.2%). The viability of cysticerci were predominant in rump (80.0%), diaphragm (71.4%) and esophagus (66.7%) in animals from group 1, while non-viable cysticerci were more frequent in head muscles (77.3%), hearth (76.3%), liver (71.0%), and tongue (50.0%). In group 2, head muscles presented 68.3% of the viable cysticerci, while non-viable cysticerci were identified in liver (87.5%), tongue (66.7%), and hearth (63.2%). The high frequencies of viable cysticerci in end cuts available for consumers, including natural infected bovines, is a Public Health concern, once in Brazil these products were usually consumed without proper heat treatment, increasing the risks of T. saginata infection. The obtained results demonstrated the anatomopathological distribution of cysticercosis in different tissues in experimental and natural infected bovines, considering tissues that are routinely and not routinely examined during inspection. Then, the inspection procedures could be improved by adding such analysis in its routine procedures, in order to increase the proper control of the taeniasis-cysiticercosis complex and to decrease the Public Health risks.

RESUMO: A cisticercose bovina é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial. No Brasil, o controle é realizado através do diagnóstico anatomopatológico durante a inspeção post-mortem nos matadouros. Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar a localização de cisticercos nos tecidos rotineiramente inspecionados e sobretudo nos tecidos não rotineiramente inspecionados, verificando a viabilidade dos cisticercos em bovinos infectados de forma experimental (grupo 1) e natural (grupo 2) com ovos de Taenia saginata. Em ambos os grupos foram analisados os tecidos rotineiramente inspecionados nas linhas de inspeção, de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos na legislação do Brasil. Adicionalmente, no grupo 1 foram selecionadas outras regiões anatômicas, representadas por quatro cortes comerciais (acém, alcatra, contrafilé, paleta), além do fígado, esôfago, diafragma e pilares. Com relação à frequência dos cisticercos no grupo 1, nos cortes comerciais, foram encontrados 8,2% de cisticercos no acém, 6,6% na paleta, 6,2% no contrafilé e 5,8% na alcatra. Outros tecidos não rotineiramente inspecionados para a exclusiva pesquisa por cisticercos que apresentaram lesões foram o diafragma, fígado e o esôfago, com 2,7%, 12,0% e 1,2% respectivamente. No grupo 1, os sítios rotineiramente inspecionados predominantes foram o coração (37,7%), músculos mastigatórios (17,1%) e língua (2,3%). No grupo 2 foram encontrados 61,8% dos cisticercos totais no coração, seguido dos músculos mastigatórios (38,2%) e fígado (10,2%). Com relação à viabilidade dos cisticercos no grupo 1, os viáveis predominaram na alcatra (80,0%), diafragma (71,4%) e esôfago (66,7%), já os cisticercos inviáveis predominaram nos músculos mastigatórios (77,3%), coração (76,3%), fígado (71,0%) e língua (50%). No grupo 2, o fígado apresentou 87,5% de cisticercos inviáveis, seguidos da língua (66,7%) e coração (63,2%), e nos tecidos mastigatórios foram encontrados 68,3% de cisticercos viáveis (68,3%). O alto percentual de cisticercos viáveis encontrado nos cortes comerciais, inclusive nos bovinos naturalmente infectados, representa um alerta para a Saúde Pública, pois, no Brasil, são frequentemente consumidos sem sofrer o devido tratamento térmico para inativação do cisticerco, aumentando consideravelmente a chance de infecção por teniose. Os resultados revelaram amplo perfil da manifestação anatomopatológica da cisticercose em diferentes tecidos de bovinos experimentalmente e naturalmente infectados, considerando-se tecidos musculares rotineiramente inspecionados ou não. Assim, o aprimoramento da inspeção sanitária das carcaças bovinas pode incrementar o controle do complexo teniose-cisticercose, diminuindo os riscos para a saúde pública.

Perfil da implantação de cisticercos de Taenia saginata em sítios musculares não usuais e sua importância para a Saúde Pública / Profile of Taenia saginata cysticerci implantation in unusual sites and its importance for public health

A cisticercose bovina é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial. No Brasil, o controle é realizado através do diagnóstico anatomopatológico durante a inspeção post-mortem nos matadouros. Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar a localização de cisticercos nos tecidos rotineiramente inspecionados e sobretudo nos tecidos não rotineiramente inspecionados, verificando a viabilidade dos cisticercos em bovinos infectados de forma experimental (grupo 1) e natural (grupo 2) com ovos de Taenia saginata. Em ambos os grupos foram analisados os tecidos rotineiramente inspecionados nas linhas de inspeção, de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos na legislação do Brasil. Adicionalmente, no grupo 1 foram selecionadas outras regiões anatômicas, representadas por quatro cortes comerciais (acém, alcatra, contrafilé, paleta), além do fígado, esôfago, diafragma e pilares. Com relação à frequência dos cisticercos no grupo 1, nos cortes comerciais, foram encontrados 8,2% de cisticercos no acém, 6,6% na paleta, 6,2% no contrafilé e 5,8% na alcatra. Outros tecidos não rotineiramente inspecionados para a exclusiva pesquisa por cisticercos que apresentaram lesões foram o diafragma, fígado e o esôfago, com 2,7%, 12,0% e 1,2% respectivamente. No grupo 1, os sítios rotineiramente inspecionados predominantes foram o coração (37,7%), músculos mastigatórios (17,1%) e língua (2,3%). No grupo 2 foram encontrados 61,8% dos cisticercos totais no coração, seguido dos músculos mastigatórios (38,2%) e fígado (10,2%). Com relação à viabilidade dos cisticercos no grupo 1, os viáveis predominaram na alcatra (80,0%), diafragma (71,4%) e esôfago (66,7%), já os cisticercos inviáveis predominaram nos músculos mastigatórios (77,3%), coração (76,3%), fígado (71,0%) e língua (50%). No grupo 2, o fígado apresentou 87,5% de cisticercos inviáveis, seguidos da língua (66,7%) e coração (63,2%), e nos tecidos mastigatórios foram encontrados 68,3% de cisticercos viáveis (68,3%). O alto percentual de cisticercos viáveis encontrado nos cortes comerciais, inclusive nos bovinos naturalmente infectados, representa um alerta para a Saúde Pública, pois, no Brasil, são frequentemente consumidos sem sofrer o devido tratamento térmico para inativação do cisticerco, aumentando consideravelmente a chance de infecção por teniose. Os resultados revelaram amplo perfil da manifestação anatomopatológica da cisticercose em diferentes tecidos de bovinos experimentalmente e naturalmente infectados, considerando-se tecidos musculares rotineiramente inspecionados ou não. Assim, o aprimoramento da inspeção sanitária das carcaças bovinas pode incrementar o controle do complexo teniose-cisticercose, diminuindo os riscos para a saúde pública.(AU)

Cysticercosis is a worldwide zoonosis, which demands proper control and monitoring during all beef production chain. In Brazil, the key point for controlling this zoonosis is the anatomopathological exam conducted in slaughterhouses during the post-morten inspection. This study aimed to describe the cysticerci location in tissues not usually examined during the inspection, and to check their viability in bovines infected with Taenia saginata eggs (group 1: experimental; group 2: natural). After slaughtering, animal from both groups were routinely examined for cysticercosis, according official Brazilian standards; group 1 animals were also examined in additional anatomic regions: end cuts (chuck, rump, strip loin, and shoulder), liver, esophagus, diaphragm and pillars. In group 1, cysticerci were identified in chuck (8.2%), shoulder (6.6%), strip loin (6.2%), and rump (5.8%), and also in tissues that are not usually considered during routine inspection, such as diaphragm (2.7%), liver (12.0%) and esophagus (1.2%). Still in group 1, the routine inspection identified cysticerci in hearth (37.7%), head muscles (17.1%), and tongue (2.3%). In group 2, cysticerci were identified in hearth (61.8%), head muscles (38.2%), and liver (10.2%). The viability of cysticerci were predominant in rump (80.0%), diaphragm (71.4%) and esophagus (66.7%) in animals from group 1, while non-viable cysticerci were more frequent in head muscles (77.3%), hearth (76.3%), liver (71.0%), and tongue (50.0%). In group 2, head muscles presented 68.3% of the viable cysticerci, while non-viable cysticerci were identified in liver (87.5%), tongue (66.7%), and hearth (63.2%). The high frequencies of viable cysticerci in end cuts available for consumers, including natural infected bovines, is a Public Health concern, once in Brazil these products were usually consumed without proper heat treatment, increasing the risks of T. saginata infection. The obtained results demonstrated the anatomopathological distribution of cysticercosis in different tissues in experimental and natural infected bovines, considering tissues that are routinely and not routinely examined during inspection. Then, the inspection procedures could be improved by adding such analysis in its routine procedures, in order to increase the proper control of the taeniasis-cysiticercosis complex and to decrease the Public Health risks.

Broiler Chicken Meat Inspection Data in Brazil: A First Glimpse into an Animal Welfare Approach

We aimed to study the potential use of carcass condemnation data of broiler chicken slaughterhouses in Brazil as indicators in an animal welfare monitoring program, and to identify points to be addressed to increase data reliability. Data from 2010 to 2015 in the states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) were used. Fractures and bruising were recorded together, representing the most prevalent welfare problem, followed by skin lesion or inflammation. In PR, progressive increases on injury, arthritis, ineffective bleeding, and air sacculitis condemnation may reveal important welfare aspects. High correlation between AWI within PR was more commonly observed than in RS and SC, perhaps as a result of earlier implementation of local meat inspection standardization. Principal component analysis showed changes on condemnation data pattern in PR after standardization, pointing injury and Escherichia coli problems as the main causes for condemnation related to animal welfare. There is considerable potential to improve animal health and welfare surveillance using meat inspection structure that is already in place for food safety purposes, provided that the competent authority harmonizes the procedure of meat inspection among the States, sets specific animal welfare outcomes to be monitored, and integrates condemnation, transport and flock data. It seems crucial to update data collection to establish a routine that allows risk analysis regarding both food safety and animal welfare. In this regard, cooperative work between Federal Inspection and companies seems an interesting approach to promote transparency of the production processes, which would benefit society and animals.(AU)

Broiler Chicken Meat Inspection Data in Brazil: A First Glimpse into an Animal Welfare Approach

We aimed to study the potential use of carcass condemnation data of broiler chicken slaughterhouses in Brazil as indicators in an animal welfare monitoring program, and to identify points to be addressed to increase data reliability. Data from 2010 to 2015 in the states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) were used. Fractures and bruising were recorded together, representing the most prevalent welfare problem, followed by skin lesion or inflammation. In PR, progressive increases on injury, arthritis, ineffective bleeding, and air sacculitis condemnation may reveal important welfare aspects. High correlation between AWI within PR was more commonly observed than in RS and SC, perhaps as a result of earlier implementation of local meat inspection standardization. Principal component analysis showed changes on condemnation data pattern in PR after standardization, pointing injury and Escherichia coli problems as the main causes for condemnation related to animal welfare. There is considerable potential to improve animal health and welfare surveillance using meat inspection structure that is already in place for food safety purposes, provided that the competent authority harmonizes the procedure of meat inspection among the States, sets specific animal welfare outcomes to be monitored, and integrates condemnation, transport and flock data. It seems crucial to update data collection to establish a routine that allows risk analysis regarding both food safety and animal welfare. In this regard, cooperative work between Federal Inspection and companies seems an interesting approach to promote transparency of the production processes, which would benefit society and animals.

Perfil da implantação de cisticercos de Taenia saginata em sítios musculares não usuais e sua importância para a Saúde Pública / Profile of Taenia saginata cysticerci implantation in unusual sites and its importance for public health

A cisticercose bovina é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial. No Brasil, o controle é realizado através do diagnóstico anatomopatológico durante a inspeção post-mortem nos matadouros. Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar a localização de cisticercos nos tecidos rotineiramente inspecionados e sobretudo nos tecidos não rotineiramente inspecionados, verificando a viabilidade dos cisticercos em bovinos infectados de forma experimental (grupo 1) e natural (grupo 2) com ovos de Taenia saginata. Em ambos os grupos foram analisados os tecidos rotineiramente inspecionados nas linhas de inspeção, de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos na legislação do Brasil. Adicionalmente, no grupo 1 foram selecionadas outras regiões anatômicas, representadas por quatro cortes comerciais (acém, alcatra, contrafilé, paleta), além do fígado, esôfago, diafragma e pilares. Com relação à frequência dos cisticercos no grupo 1, nos cortes comerciais, foram encontrados 8,2% de cisticercos no acém, 6,6% na paleta, 6,2% no contrafilé e 5,8% na alcatra. Outros tecidos não rotineiramente inspecionados para a exclusiva pesquisa por cisticercos que apresentaram lesões foram o diafragma, fígado e o esôfago, com 2,7%, 12,0% e 1,2% respectivamente. No grupo 1, os sítios rotineiramente inspecionados predominantes foram o coração (37,7%), músculos mastigatórios (17,1%) e língua (2,3%). No grupo 2 foram encontrados 61,8% dos cisticercos totais no coração, seguido dos músculos mastigatórios (38,2%) e fígado (10,2%). Com relação à viabilidade dos cisticercos no grupo 1, os viáveis predominaram na alcatra (80,0%), diafragma (71,4%) e esôfago (66,7%), já os cisticercos inviáveis predominaram nos músculos mastigatórios (77,3%), coração (76,3%), fígado (71,0%) e língua (50%). No grupo 2, o fígado apresentou 87,5% de cisticercos inviáveis, seguidos da língua (66,7%) e coração (63,2%), e nos tecidos mastigatórios foram encontrados 68,3% de cisticercos...(AU)

Cysticercosis is a worldwide zoonosis, which demands proper control and monitoring during all beef production chain. In Brazil, the key point for controlling this zoonosis is the anatomopathological exam conducted in slaughterhouses during the post-morten inspection. This study aimed to describe the cysticerci location in tissues not usually examined during the inspection, and to check their viability in bovines infected with Taenia saginata eggs (group 1: experimental; group 2: natural). After slaughtering, animal from both groups were routinely examined for cysticercosis, according official Brazilian standards; group 1 animals were also examined in additional anatomic regions: end cuts (chuck, rump, strip loin, and shoulder), liver, esophagus, diaphragm and pillars. In group 1, cysticerci were identified in chuck (8.2%), shoulder (6.6%), strip loin (6.2%), and rump (5.8%), and also in tissues that are not usually considered during routine inspection, such as diaphragm (2.7%), liver (12.0%) and esophagus (1.2%). Still in group 1, the routine inspection identified cysticerci in hearth (37.7%), head muscles (17.1%), and tongue (2.3%). In group 2, cysticerci were identified in hearth (61.8%), head muscles (38.2%), and liver (10.2%). The viability of cysticerci were predominant in rump (80.0%), diaphragm (71.4%) and esophagus (66.7%) in animals from group 1, while non-viable cysticerci were more frequent in head muscles (77.3%), hearth (76.3%), liver (71.0%), and tongue (50.0%). In group 2, head muscles presented 68.3% of the viable cysticerci, while non-viable cysticerci were identified in liver (87.5%), tongue (66.7%), and hearth (63.2%). The high frequencies of viable cysticerci in end cuts available for consumers, including natural infected bovines, is a Public Health concern, once in Brazil these products were usually consumed without proper heat treatment, increasing the risks of T. saginata infection. The...(AU)

Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of fasciolosis in livers of cattle slaughtered in southern Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de fasciolose em fígados de bovinos abatidos no sul do Brasil

Infection by Fasciola hepatica is an important cause of economic loss in cattle raised in Brazil and others countries. In slaughterhouses, the losses are mainly associated with condemnation of livers; however, it is believed that these losses can extend to diminished carcass yield and productivity throughout the life of the animals. Three slaughterhouses with a daily routine of approximately 15-20 cattle slaughters were monitored from July 2016 to November 2017. After sample collection, weighing, and liver assessment, statistical studies were conducted to determine disease prevalence and measurement of economic losses caused by fasciolosis through condemnation of the organ of choice of the parasite. Of the 210 livers assessed, 79 (37.6%) were condemned because of presence of F. hepatica, 87 (41.4%) were considered appropriate for human consumption, and 44 (20.9%) were considered inappropriate because of some other macroscopic lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of fasciolosis, correlate epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects, and estimate the economic losses caused by the disease. It is estimated that the losses in southwestern Rio Grande do Sul state could reach R$ 36,943,532.60 (37.6%; 95% CI = 30,753,525.80 - 43,526,55.65) or US$ 11,437,626.20 (37.6%; 95% CI = 9,521,215.40 - 13,475,713.80) only because of condemnation of livers.(AU)

A infecção por Fasciola hepatica é uma importante causa de prejuízos econômicos para o setor pecuário no Brasil e em outros países. Em frigoríficos, as perdas estão relacionadas principalmente a condenação dos fígados, porém acredita-se que esses prejuízos possam se estender a perdas no rendimento de carcaça e durante a vida produtiva do animal. Durante o período de julho de 2016 a novembro de 2017 foram realizados acompanhamentos periódicos mensais em três frigoríficos, os quais, possuem uma rotina diária de aproximadamente 15-20 abates. Após a coleta de dados, pesagem e avaliação dos fígados foram realizados estudos estatísticos para determinação da prevalência e mensuração dos prejuízos econômicos causados por fasciolose pela condenação do órgão de eleição do parasito. Dos 210 fígados avaliados, 79 (37,6%) foram condenados devido a presença de F. hepatica, 87 (41,4%) foram considerados próprios para consumo humano e 44 (20,9%) impróprios por alguma outra alteração macroscópica. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência da fasciolose, e associar os aspectos epidemiológicos e clinico patológicos, além de estimar os prejuízos econômicos causados pela doença. Estima-se que as perdas na mesorregião Sudeste Rio-grandense possam chegar à R$ 36.943.532,60 (37,6%; IC.95% = 30.753.525,80-43.526.55,65) ou US$ 11.437.626,20 (37,6%; IC.95% = 9.521.215,40-13.475.713,80) somente devido a condenação de fígados.(AU)

Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of fasciolosis in livers of cattle slaughtered in southern Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de fasciolose em fígados de bovinos abatidos no sul do Brasil

Infection by Fasciola hepatica is an important cause of economic loss in cattle raised in Brazil and others countries. In slaughterhouses, the losses are mainly associated with condemnation of livers; however, it is believed that these losses can extend to diminished carcass yield and productivity throughout the life of the animals. Three slaughterhouses with a daily routine of approximately 15-20 cattle slaughters were monitored from July 2016 to November 2017. After sample collection, weighing, and liver assessment, statistical studies were conducted to determine disease prevalence and measurement of economic losses caused by fasciolosis through condemnation of the organ of choice of the parasite. Of the 210 livers assessed, 79 (37.6%) were condemned because of presence of F. hepatica, 87 (41.4%) were considered appropriate for human consumption, and 44 (20.9%) were considered inappropriate because of some other macroscopic lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of fasciolosis, correlate epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects, and estimate the economic losses caused by the disease. It is estimated that the losses in southwestern Rio Grande do Sul state could reach R$ 36,943,532.60 (37.6%; 95% CI = 30,753,525.80 - 43,526,55.65) or US$ 11,437,626.20 (37.6%; 95% CI = 9,521,215.40 - 13,475,713.80) only because of condemnation of livers.(AU)

A infecção por Fasciola hepatica é uma importante causa de prejuízos econômicos para o setor pecuário no Brasil e em outros países. Em frigoríficos, as perdas estão relacionadas principalmente a condenação dos fígados, porém acredita-se que esses prejuízos possam se estender a perdas no rendimento de carcaça e durante a vida produtiva do animal. Durante o período de julho de 2016 a novembro de 2017 foram realizados acompanhamentos periódicos mensais em três frigoríficos, os quais, possuem uma rotina diária de aproximadamente 15-20 abates. Após a coleta de dados, pesagem e avaliação dos fígados foram realizados estudos estatísticos para determinação da prevalência e mensuração dos prejuízos econômicos causados por fasciolose pela condenação do órgão de eleição do parasito. Dos 210 fígados avaliados, 79 (37,6%) foram condenados devido a presença de F. hepatica, 87 (41,4%) foram considerados próprios para consumo humano e 44 (20,9%) impróprios por alguma outra alteração macroscópica. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência da fasciolose, e associar os aspectos epidemiológicos e clinico patológicos, além de estimar os prejuízos econômicos causados pela doença. Estima-se que as perdas na mesorregião Sudeste Rio-grandense possam chegar à R$ 36.943.532,60 (37,6%; IC.95% = 30.753.525,80-43.526.55,65) ou US$ 11.437.626,20 (37,6%; IC.95% = 9.521.215,40-13.475.713,80) somente devido a condenação de fígados.(AU)

Commonly screened antibiotics in raw milk from dairy plants under State Inspection in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Antibióticos comumente investigados no leite cru em laticínios sujeitos a Inspeção Estadual no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This study aimed at identifying the commonly screened antibiotics during the dairy processing routine in raw-milk receiving points in plants inspected by the official services in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), from January 2014 to February 2015. Among the 36 participating industries, the most commonly screened antibiotics were beta lactams (100%) and tetracyclines (69%). The antibiotics screened at the milk receiving point were chosen because of the practicality and speed in performing the screening (67%), rather than specific knowledge on which antibiotics the milk suppliers used. (22%).(AU)

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os antibióticos comumente investigados durante a rotina de processamento do leite cru recebido em laticínios sob Inspeção Estadual no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), entre janeiro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015. Entre as 36 indústrias participantes, os antibióticos mais comumente investigados foram beta-lactâmicos (100%) e tetraciclinas (69%). A seleção por quais antibióticos investigar no recebimento do leite foi influenciada pela praticidade e rapidez na execução da análise (67%), em detrimento do conhecimento específico sobre quais antibióticos eram utilizados pelos produtores de leite (22%).(AU)

Ausência de Helicobacter spp. em lesões gástricas de suínos pelo método Warthin-Starry / Absence of Helicobacter spp. in gastric lesions in pigs using Warthin-Starry staining method / Ausencia de Helicobacter spp. en lesiones gástricas en cerdos utilizando el método de tinción de Warthin -Starry

Ao considerar o impacto das úlceras gástricas na saúde animal, as perdas econômicas que podem ser geradas por elas, a falta de dados sobre a etiologia do processo e a possibilidade de estabelecer ações preventivas, objetivou-se com este estudo verificar lesões gástricas em suínos em idade de abate e relacionar os resultados com infecção por Helicobacter spp. Foram analisados estômagos suínos que apresentaram lesões em região de pars esophagea. A coleta foi realizada no matadouro frigorífico de Muniz Freire, Espírito Santo, sob Serviço de Inspeção Estadual. Ao verificar a existência de lesões gástricas, o órgão era avaliado e classificado macroscopicamente. Após, quatro fragmentos de cada estômago foram coletados: região de pars esophagea; região de corpo; região de fundo e região pilórica. O material obtido foi encaminhado ao Setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, onde foi submetido ao processamento de rotina para inclusão em parafina e microtomia. Para cada bloco de parafina foram confeccionadas duas lâminas, sendo uma corada pelo método Hematoxilina-Eosina e outra corada pelo método Warthin-Starry. As lâminas foram classificadas conforme as lesões microscópicas e avaliadas para presença de bactérias do gênero Helicobacter. Após obtenção dos dados, os resultados foram submetidos à análise descritiva. Todos os estômagos apresentavam algum grau de lesão. Apenas um estômago não apresentou lesão na porção glandular. Ao analisar a lesão microscópica de paraqueratose, verificou-se presença dessa alteração na porção aglandular de oito estômagos. Não houve paraqueratose em nenhuma região glandular. Quatro estômagos apresentaram ulceração na microscopia. Todos os estômagos apresentaram algum grau de infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear. Em nenhuma amostra foi possível visualizar bacilos do gênero Helicobacter.[...](AU)

Considering the impact of the gastric ulcers in animal health, the economic losses created by them, the lack of information about its etiology and the possibility to establish preventive actions, the aim of this study was to verify gastric lesions in pigs at slaughter age and to relate the results with Helicobacter spp. infection. The stomachs of pigs with lesions in pars esophageal region were analyzed. The collect was performed at an abattoir located in Muniz Freire, Espírito Santo, under State Inspection Service. When noted the presence of gastric lesion, the organ was analyzed and classified macroscopically. After that, four fragments of each stomach were collected: pars esophageal region, corpus region, fundic region and pyloric region. This material was sent to the Animal Pathology Department of Federal University of Espírito Santo [Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo] where it underwent routine histological processing for paraffin embedding and microtomy. For each paraffin block two histological slides were made, one was stained using the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method and the other was stained using Warthin-Starry staining method. The histological slides were classified according to microscopic lesions and analyzed for presence of bacteria from the genus Helicobacter. After obtaining these information, the results underwent statistical analysis using descriptive research. All the stomachs had some degree of lesion. Only one stomach did not presented lesion in the glandular region. The microscopic analysis of the non-glandular region revealed parakeratosis in eight stomachs. There was no parakeratosis in the glandular region. Four stomachs presented ulceration during microscopic analyses. All stomachs had some degree of mononuclear inflammation. It was not possible to find bacillus of the genus Helicobacter in any of the samples.[...](AU)

Al considerar el impacto de las úlceras gástricas en la sanidad animal, las pérdidas económicas que se pueden generar para ellos, la falta de datos sobre la etiología del proceso y la posibilidad de establecer acciones de prevención dirigido a verificar este estudio en las lesiones gástricas en cerdos en edad masacre y se relacionan los resultados con la infección por Helicobacter spp. Se analizaron los estómagos de cerdos con lesiones en la región de pars esophagea. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en el matadero frigorífico Muniz Freire, Espírito Santo, bajo Servicio de Inspección del Estado. Para comprobar si hay lesiones gástricas, el órgano fue evaluado y clasificado macroscópicamente. Después de cuatro fragmentos de cada estómago se recogieron: la región de pars esophagea; región del cuerpo; región de fondo y la región pilórica. El material fue enviado a la División de Patología Animal de la Universidad Federal de Espírito Santo [Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo], donde fue sometido al tratamiento de rutina para inclusión en parafina y microtomía. Para cada bloque de parafina se realizaron dos clavijas, una teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina y otra teñida por el método de Warthin-Starry. Los portaobjetos se clasifican como lesiones microscópicas y se evaluaron para la presencia de bacterias Helicobacter género. Una vez obtenidos los datos, los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivo. Todos los estómagos con algún grado de lesión. Sólo un estómago no mostró lesiones porción glandular. Analizar la paraqueratosis lesión microscópica, hubo alteración en la porción aglandular ocho estómagos. No hubo paraqueratosis en cualquier glandular. Cuatro estómagos mostraron microscopía ulceración. Todos los estómagos tenían algún grado de infiltración de células mononucleares. En cualquier muestra puede ver Helicobacter género Bacillus.[...](AU)