Resumo

The state of Rio Grande do Sul has a great diversity of reptile species distributed throughout its territory. Due to human actions, such as habitat fragmentation, these animals have been frequently observed in urban and peri-urban environments. This facilitates the spread of pathogens between animals and humans, posing a unique health risk, as many diseases are considered zoonoses. Leptospirosis is among the most common zoonoses in the world and is caused by pathogenic species of bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The role of reptiles in the cycle of this disease is yet unknown. However, serological studies have demonstrated positivity for antibodies against Leptospira spp. in tortoises and snakes, which may indicate that these animals act in maintaining the pathogen in the environment. This observed the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in rescued reptiles taken to the Center for Rehabilitation of Wild Fauna and Screening Center for Wild Animals at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS-CETAS/UFPEL). Samples were collected from 55 animals (39 Trachemys dorbigni; 3 Philodryas patagoniensis; 3 Caiman latirostris; 3 Salvator merianae; 2 Acanthochelys spixii; 2 Phrynops hilarii; 2 Hydromedusa tectifera; 1 Philodryas aestiva) from August 2022 to December 2023 and tested for 12 reference serovars. Two animals demonstrated positivity, one for the pathogenic serovar Pyrogenes and the other for the pathogenic serovar Canicola. This result reflected the importance of different species besides mammals as potential reservoirs and responsible for maintaining leptospirosis in the environment.

O Rio Grande do Sul possui uma grande diversidade de espécies de répteis distribuídos por todo o Estado. Devido às ações antrópicas, como a fragmentação de habitats, estes animais vêm sendo observados com frequência no meio urbano e periurbano. Isso facilita a disseminação de patógenos entre animais e seres humanos, sendo um risco a saúde única, visto que muitas doenças são consideradas zoonoses. A leptospirose está entre as zoonoses mais comuns do mundo e é causada pelas espécies patogênicas da bactéria do gênero Leptospira. Ainda não se sabe o papel dos répteis no ciclo da doença, porém, estudos sorológicos demonstraram positividade para anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em cágados e serpentes, o que pode indicar que estes animais atuam na manutenção do patógeno no ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira em répteis oriundos de resgate e levados ao Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre e Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS-CETAS/UFPEL). As amostras foram coletadas de 55 animais (39 Trachemys dorbigni; 3 Philodryas patagoniensis; 3 Caiman latirostris; 3 Salvator merianae; 2 Acanthochelys spixii; 2 Phrynops hilarii; 2 Hydromedusa tectifera; 1 Philodryas aestiva), durante o período de agosto de 2022 a dezembro de 2023, e testadas para 12 sorovares de referência. Dois animais demonstraram positividade, um deles para o sorovar patogênico Pyrogenes e outro para o sorovar patogênico Canicola. Este resultado demonstra a importância de outras espécies, além dos mamíferos, como potenciais reservatórios e responsáveis pela manutenção da leptospirose no ambiente.

Resumo

The structure of the root system of the conilon coffee tree has improved over the years through propagation, genetic, and agronomic studies in response to demands for improvements in plant development, production, and survival of the species. Scientific research plays an important role in generating technologies and the security of applications. However, there is a need to refine the content generated to analyze discoveries and trends on the subject. Therefore, the present study conduct a bibliometric review and analysis on the main contributions of relevant studies, researchers, organizations, and countries in academic research on the rooting of Coffea canephora in the Web of Science (WOS) database. Data from the WOS database published between 1982 and 2021 and systematized in the VOSviewer software showed a set of 92 articles, the majority of which originated in Brazil and France, with the main groups being the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, the Federal University of Viçosa, and CIRAD. The study was divided into five areas: genetic diversity, asexual propagation, nematology, tolerance to water stress, and micropropagation. However, in the context of climate changes and its impact on the production and longevity of Brazilian coffee farming, research focused on the root system has increased significantly, integrating it into lines that explore and integrate topics such as climate risk, water management, drought tolerance, and drip irrigation, including reflections on the performance of coffee agronomy.

A estrutura do sistema radicular do cafeeiro Conilon tem sido aprimorada ao longo dos anos por meio de propagação e estudos genéticos e agronômicos em resposta às demandas por melhorias no desenvolvimento vegetal, na produção e na sobrevivência da espécie. Entende-se que a pesquisa científica desempenha um papel importante na geração de tecnologias e também na segurança das aplicações. Porém, há necessidade de refinar o código gerado para descobrir descobertas e tendências sobre o assunto. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliométrica e análise na base de dados Web of Science (WOS) sobre as principais contribuições de estudos, pesquisadores, organizações e países relevantes nas pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o enraizamento de Coffea canephora. Dados da base de dados WOS publicados entre 1982 e 2021 e sistematizados no software VOSviewer, mostraram um conjunto de 92 artigos, em que a maioria teve origem no Brasil e na França, tendo como principais grupos a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, a Universidade Federal de Viçosa e o CIRAD. O estudo está dividido em quatro áreas: diversidade genética, propagação assexuada, nematologia, tolerância ao estresse hídrico e micropropagação, porém, destaca-se que no contexto das mudanças climáticas e seu impacto na produção e longevidade da cafeicultura brasileira, podemos ver o surgimento de pesquisas focadas no sistema radicular, integrando-o em linhas que exploram e integram temas como risco climático, gestão hídrica, tolerância à seca e irrigação por gotejamento, incluindo reflexões sobre o desempenho da agronomia cafeeira.

Resumo

The Tunicata, despite the relatively low species diversity among the invertebrates, has always received attention not only due to their ecological importance, especially in fouling communities, but also for several species that are studied as models for genetics and the evolution of development, as well as being a prolific source of natural products. In Brazil, research during the last 60 years has considerably increased our knowledge of benthic and planktonic tunicates, resulting from the work of several research teams. In this review, we provide information on the biodiversity of coastal Brazil along with an analysis of geographic distribution, sampling effort, the locations and status of taxonomic collections, and research specialists working on this group.(AU)

Resumo

An updated list of the biting midges recorded from the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District is provided based on the data available in the "Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna" (Portuguese CTFB). The Brazilian Ceratopogonidae fauna is represented by 529 known species, corresponding to 40% of the Neotropical fauna. A table showing the number of species of Ceratopogonidae genera in the Neotropical region, Brazil, and Brazilian Amazon is included. In accordance with the family knowledge worldwide, the subfamily Ceratopogoninae is the best represented in the number of species due to the study of Culicoides, which has sanitary importance. The analysis of the diversity in each region and in the Brazilian states indicates the need for further studies in the five Brazilian geopolitical regions, especially in the Midwest and Northeast, which are home to the natural biomes of Cerrado, Pantanal, and Caatinga.(AU)

Resumo

We surveyed insect galls and their host plants in areas of Caatinga and Cerrado in the municipality of Rio de Contas, in the extreme south of the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia state), between 703 and 1,897 m altitude, in order to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of local biodiversity. The survey was conducted in eight locations, adopting the random walking methodology for sampling, four in Caatinga and four in Cerrado, covering distinct phytophysiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto, gallery forest, shrubby caatinga, riparian forest, and rocky field). Eighty-four different insect gall morphotypes were reported, 48 (57.14%) of them on 42 host species in Cerrado and 36 (42.86%) on 24 host species in Caatinga. Most galls occurred on leaves (48.72%) and were globoid (53.76%), glabrous (52.92%), isolated (55.44%), usually one-chambered (61.32%), and brown (25.2%). The gall-inducing insects identified belonged to Lepidoptera (n = 1), Thysanoptera (n = 1), Hemiptera (n = 2), and Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) (n = 16). This was the first inventory of galls in the Chapada Diamantina, so all records are new for the region. We also recorded the first occurrences of galls on two Cerrado plant species and on two in the Caatinga. We found a significant positive correlation between gall richness and plant species richness, suggesting that radiation of gall-inducing insects may be associated with plant species richness.(AU)

Resumo

Hippocampus reidi represents the most abundant species of the genus Hippocampus along the Brazilian coast. Despite being charismatic, the species is globally threatened due to habitat degradation and commercial exploration, especially in Brazil, which is the leader in exportation and consumption of the species. Through mitochondrial (cytochrome b and control region) and nuclear (1st intron S7) data, the current study investigates the variation and genetic structure of H. reidi along the Brazilian coast, from Pará to Santa Catarina states. The mitochondrial data indicate the presence of two lineages: (1) North/Northeast and (2) South/Southeast, which was partially recovered by nuclear data. This scenario could be related to temperature differences and circulation patterns of the Brazil and North-Brazil currents, which define these groups into biogeographic sub-provinces. The lineages occur in sympatry in Bahia state, which can be explained by the occurrence of secondary contact during the last glacial maximum. Despite presenting two lineages, for management and conservation, three units are indicated: (1) North/Northeast, (2) Bahia, and (3) South/Southeast. The North/Northeast unit proved to be more vulnerable, presenting the lowest genetic diversity indices, representing a priority for future conservation actions.

Hippocampus reidi representa a espécie mais abundante do gênero na costa brasileira. Apesar de carismáticos, encontram-se globalmente ameaçados devido à degradação de habitat e intensa exploração comercial, especialmente no Brasil, líder na exportação e consumo da espécie. Através de dados mitocondriais (citocromo b e região controle) e nucleares (1st íntron S7), este estudo investigou a variação e estrutura genética de H. reidi em toda a costa brasileira, do estado do Pará até Santa Catarina. Os dados mitocondriais indicam a existência de duas linhagens de H. reidi na costa brasileira: (1) Norte/Nordeste e (2) Sudeste/Sul, padrão parcialmente recuperado pelos dados nucleares. Este cenário pode ser explicado por diferenças na temperatura e padrões de circulação das correntes do Brasil e Norte do Brasil, que definem estes grupos como subprovíncias biogeográficas. As linhagens ocorrem em simpatria no estado da Bahia, o que pode ser explicado pela ocorrência de contato secundário durante o último glacial máximo. Apesar de apresentar duas linhagens, para fins de manejo e conservação, são indicadas três unidades: (1) Norte/Nordeste, (2) Bahia, e (3) Sudeste/Sul. A unidade do Norte/Nordeste mostrou-se a mais vulnerável devido aos baixos índices de diversidade genética apresentados e representa uma prioridade para futuras ações de conservação.

Resumo

ABSTRACT In 2000, Cleide Costa published a paper presenting the state of knowledge of the Neotropical Coleopte ra, with a focus on the Brazilian fauna. Twenty-four years later, thanks to the development of the Coleoptera section of the Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna (CTFB - Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil) through the collaboration of 100 coleopterists from all over the globe, we can build on Costa's work and present an updated overview of the state of knowledge of the beetles from Brazil. There are currently 35,699 species in 4,958 genera and 116 families known to occur in the country, including representatives of all extant suborders and superfamilies. Our data show that the Brazilian beetle fauna is the richest on the planet, concentrating 9% of the world species diversity, with some estimates accounting to up to 15% of the global total. The most diverse family in numbers of genera is Cerambycidae (1,056 genera), while in number of species it is Chrysomelidae (6,079 species). Conotrachelus Dejean, 1835 (Curculionidae) is the most species-rich genus, with 570 species. The French entomologist Maurice Pic is the author who has contributed the most to the naming of species recorded from Brazil, with 1,794 valid names in 36 families, whereas the Brazilians Ubirajara R. Martins and Maria Helena M. Galileo are the only ones among the top-ten authors to have named species in the 21st century. Currently, approximately 144 new species of Brazilian beetles are described each year, and this average is projected to increase in the next decade to 180 species per year, or about one new Brazilian beetle every two days.

Resumo

An updated list of the biting midges recorded from the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District is provided based on the data available in the "Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna" (Portuguese CTFB). The Brazilian Ceratopogonidae fauna is represented by 529 known species, corresponding to 40% of the Neotropical fauna. A table showing the number of species of Ceratopogonidae genera in the Neotropical region, Brazil, and Brazilian Amazon is included. In accordance with the family knowledge worldwide, the subfamily Ceratopogoninae is the best represented in the number of species due to the study of Culicoides, which has sanitary importance. The analysis of the diversity in each region and in the Brazilian states indicates the need for further studies in the five Brazilian geopolitical regions, especially in the Midwest and Northeast, which are home to the natural biomes of Cerrado, Pantanal, and Caatinga.(AU)

Resumo

A intensidade de pastejo é um dos principais fatores que moldam a estrutura da vegetação, influenciando a comunidade de aves campestres. Aves de grama alta, incluindo diversas espécies ameaçadas, dependem de baixas intensidades ou exclusão de pastejo, pouco praticadas no Pampa. Aqui, avaliamos a comunidade de aves em campos sob intensidade de pastejo moderada, baixa e sob exclusão de pastejo. Estabelecemos 3 transecções, uma em cada uma destas condições. As três transecções foram amostradas mensalmente, durante 13 meses, registrando as espécies e suas abundâncias e posteriormente relacionando-as com as condições da vegetação observadas. As três áreas apresentaram riqueza e diversidade (H') de espécies muito semelhantes entre si, variando de 50 a 54 espécies, e de 2,79 a 2,95, respectivamente. A abundância de indivíduos, foi favorecida pela diminuição da intensidade e pela exclusão de pastejo. De modo geral, espécies de aves associadas à grama curta foram mais representativas na área sob pastejo moderado, enquanto as associadas à grama alta foram favorecidas pela baixa intensidade e exclusão de pastejo. A vegetação mais alta e densa, das áreas menos impactadas pelo gado, foi especialmente importante para as espécies ameaçadas de extinção, como Culicivora caudacuta Vieillot, 1818 e Sporophila cinnamomea Lafresnaye, 1839 fornecendo abrigo, poleiros e substrato para construção e fixação de ninhos. Corroboramos, dessa forma, a necessidade de áreas com distintas intensidades de pastejo, formando um mosaico com diferentes alturas de vegetação, mantendo a diversidade de aves campestres. São necessárias, porém, mais áreas com baixa intensidade ou exclusão de pastejo, das quais diversas espécies ameaçadas dependem. Contudo, estas áreas também devem ser manejadas, evitando o desenvolvimento de excessiva vegetação lenhosa, que pode levar à descaracterização da vegetação campestre, afetando a avifauna a ela associada.

Grazing intensity is one of the main factors that shape vegetation structure, influencing the grassland bird community. Tall grass birds, including several threatened species, are depending on low intensities or exclusion of grazing, which is rarely practiced in Pampa. In this study we evaluate how grazing intensities affects the bird community in Brazilian Pampa grasslands. We established three transect lines, one each grazing treatment (moderate and low intensity, and on an area with cattle exclusion). During 13 months, transects were sampled monthly to record the diversity and abundance of bird species. All three areas presented very similar species richness, ranging from 50 to 54 species, and diversity (H') ranging from 2.79 to 2.95. The abundance was favored by the decrease in intensity and the exclusion of grazing. In general, shortgrass bird species were more representative in the area under moderate grazing, while tallgrass birds were favored by low intensity and grazing exclusion. The taller and denser vegetation, in areas less impacted by livestock, was especially important for endangered species, such as Culicivora caudacuta Vieillot, 1818 and Sporophila cinnamomea Lafresnaye, 1839, providing shelter, perches and substrate for building and fixing nests. We corroborate the need for areas with distinct grazing intensities, forming a mosaic with different heights of vegetation, maintaining the grassland bird diversity. However, more areas with low intensity or exclusion of grazing are needed, on which several threatened species depend. Although, even these areas must be managed, avoiding the encroachment of excessive woody vegetation, which can lead to the deterioration of grassland vegetation, affecting the associated birdlife.

Resumo

The study aimed to assess species richness and diversity in Aquidauana, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, using six observation points over 12 months. A total of 2,591 individuals among reptiles, birds, and mammals, covering 29 orders and 43 families, were recorded. Columbidae, Furnariidae, and Tyrannidae were prominent families, and Passeriformes was the most representative order. The point with the highest number of observations was near Lagoa Comprida, probably due to minimal human disturbance. The most observed species included Rufous hornero, Wattled jacana, Black-bellied duck, and Whistling-duck. December was the month with the highest number of sightings. Nine feeding guilds were identified, and three species were classified as vulnerable or near threatened. The bootstrap estimator suggested the potential for finding more species with increased sampling. The Shannon index revealed no significant difference between observation points. Aquidauana presents notable urban biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of conserving wetlands and forest areas to preserve diversity.(AU)

Resumo

The Tocantins-Araguaia River basin hosts an elevated number of fish species, and new species have been continuously described. In this basin, we investigated patterns of endemic fish species descriptions examining their association with species distribution range, altitudinal gradient, fluvial hierarchy of watercourses, and sampling effort. For each species, we collected its year of taxonomic description, geographical coordinates of its holotype, body size (a proxy for species range), fluvial hierarchy of watercourses, and both altitude and sampling effort related to the locality of the holotype. The number of taxonomic descriptions was positively correlated to sampling effort, and better-sampled regions accumulated more descriptions over time. Moreover, altitude was positively correlated to the year of species description, whereas body size was negatively correlated to it. While species with recent descriptions were more associated to first to third order streams, species with recent and older descriptions were associated to high-order rivers. Therefore, fish species with broader distributions tend to have older descriptions in regions of lower altitude, whereas species with restricted distributions recent descriptions at higher altitudes. Increasing efforts in the upper regions of the Tocantins-Araguaia basin seems to be a good and fruitful strategy for reducing the Linnean shortfall.(AU)

A bacia do rio Tocantins-Araguaia abriga elevado número de espécies de peixes e novas espécies têm sido continuamente descritas. Nesta bacia, investigamos os padrões de descrição de espécies endêmicas examinando sua associação com a abrangência de distribuição espacial das espécies, gradiente altitudinal, hierarquia fluvial dos cursos de água e esforço amostral. Para cada espécie, coletamos o ano de descrição taxonômica, coordenadas geográficas do holótipo, tamanho corporal (estimador da abrangência), hierarquia fluvial do curso d'água associado à espécie, altitude e esforço amostral na localidade do holótipo. O número de descrições taxonômicas está positivamente relacionado com o esforço e regiões com melhor amostragem acumulam mais descrições ao longo do tempo. Além disso, a altitude apresentou correlação positiva com o ano de descrição das espécies, enquanto o tamanho correlação negativa. Enquanto espécies com descrições recentes estão associadas a cursos d'água de primeira a terceira ordens, espécies com descrições antigas estão associadas a cursos de grande ordem. Logo, espécies de ampla distribuição têm descrições mais antigas em regiões de baixa altitude, enquanto as de distribuição restrita descrições mais recentes em maior altitude. Ampliar os esforços nas regiões de maior altitude da bacia do rio Tocantins-Araguaia pode ser uma estratégia eficaz para a redução da lacuna Linneana.(AU)

Resumo

Abstract Several species of Cichla successfully colonized lakes and reservoirs of Brazil, since the 1960s, causing serious damage to local wildlife. In this study, 135 peacock bass were collected in a reservoir complex in order to identify if they represented a single dominant species or multiple ones, as several Cichla species have been reported in the basin. Specimens were identified by color pattern, morphometric and meristic data, and using mitochondrial markers COI, 16S rDNA and Control Region (CR). Overlapping morphological data and similar coloration patterns prevented their identification using the taxonomic keys to species identification available in the literature. However, Bayesian and maximum likelihood from sequencing data demonstrated the occurrence of a single species, Cichla kelberi. A single haplotype was observed for the 16S and CR, while three were detected for COI, with a dominant haplotype present in 98.5% of the samples. The extreme low diversity of the transplanted C. kelberi evidenced a limited number of founding maternal lineages. The success of this colonization seems to rely mainly on abiotic factors, such as increased water transparency of lentic environments that favor visual predators that along with the absence of predators, have made C. kelberi a successful invader of these reservoirs.

Resumo Muitas espécies de Cichla colonizaram com sucesso lagos e reservatórios do Brasil desde os anos 1960, causando graves prejuízos à vida selvagem nesses locais. Neste estudo, 135 tucunarés foram coletados em um complexo de reservatórios a fim de identificar se representavam uma espécie dominante ou múltiplas espécies, uma vez que diversas espécies de Cichla foram registradas na bacia. Os espécimes foram identificados com base na coloração, dados morfométricos e merísticos, e por marcadores mitocondriais COI, 16S rDNA e Região Controle (RC). A sobreposição dos dados morfométricos e o padrão similar de coloração impediram a identificação utilizando as chaves de identificação disponíveis na literatura. Entretanto, as análises bayesiana e de máxima verossimilhança de dados moleculares demonstraram a ocorrência de uma única espécie, Cichla kelberi. Um único haplótipo foi observado para o 16S e RC, enquanto três foram detectados para o COI, com um haplótipo dominante presente em 98,5% das amostras. A baixa diversidade nos exemplares introduzidos de C. kelberi evidenciou um número limitado de linhagens maternas fundadoras. O sucesso da invasão parece depender de fatores abióticos, como a maior transparência da água de ambientes lênticos que favorece predadores visuais que, atrelado à ausência de predadores, fez do C. kelberi um invasor bem-sucedido nesses reservatórios.

Resumo

A new species of Ancistrus is described from the rio Vacacaí drainage, rio Jacuí basin, laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil. The new species differs from A. brevipinnis, the common species in the laguna dos Patos system, by having a dark brown to black background body color and dorsal and caudal fins plain dark, without lighter spots or bands. A morphometric and molecular comparison of different populations of A. brevipinnis from the laguna dos Patos system suggests that previously undetected species diversity is present in that basin. The type-locality of A. brevipinnis, originally described as Rio Grande do Sul State, is herein restricted to the rio Camaquã sub-basin of the laguna dos Patos system, and a redescription of A. brevipinnis is provided based on that population.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Ancistrus é descrita da drenagem do rio Vacacaí, bacia do rio Jacuí, sistema da laguna dos Patos, sul do Brasil. A nova espécie se diferencia de A. brevipinnis, a espécie comum no sistema da laguna dos Patos, por possuir o corpo marrom escuro a negro, bem como as nadadeiras dorsal e caudal homogeneamente escuras, sem pontos ou bandas claras. Uma comparação morfométrica e molecular de diferentes populações de A. brevipinnis do sistema da laguna dos Patos sugere a existência de diversidade específica previamente não detectada nesta bacia. A localidade-tipo de A. brevipinnis, originalmente descrita como Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, é aqui restrita para a sub-bacia do rio Camaquã do sistema da laguna dos Patos, e uma redescrição de A. brevipinnis é apresentada com base nessa população.(AU)

Resumo

Landoltia punctata is a species of duckweed originating from India, but has been recorded in all continents, except Antarctica. It is of economic interest, being used in phytoremediation, but mainly due to its high invasive potential. Here we report the first record of this species in the Amazon region, both expanding its known distribution and raising awareness about the potential losses of biodiversity that may occur in the kind of environment where the species was registered. Future studies should focus on the competitive potential and population control of L. punctata in the region.

Landoltia punctata é uma espécie de lentilha-d'água originária da Índia, mas que atualmente tem registro em todos os continentes, à exceção da Antártida. A espécie tem interesse econômico, sendo usada em fitorremediação, mas principalmente por seu grande potencial invasor biológico. Aqui reportamos o primeiro registro dessa espécie para a região Amazônica, ampliando sua distribuição conhecida e chamar a atenção para a potencial perda da biodiversidade no tipo de ambiente em que a espécie foi registrada. Estudos futuros deveriam focar no potencial competitivo e controle populacional de L. punctata na região.

Resumo

Knowledge on the regeneration capacity of land planarians is very scarce and focused on a few species. Here we studied the regeneration capacity of 104 animals from 23 species (genera Cephaloflexa, Choeradoplana, Cratera, Geoplana, Imbira, Xerapoa, Luteostriata, Notogynaphallia, Obama, Pasipha, plus an unidentified species) of the neotropical Geoplaninae and also two species (genera Dolichoplana and Endeavouria) of Rhynchodeminae under laboratory conditions. When cut in two, 17 flatworm species regenerated head and/or tail within 5 to 27 days, apparently depending on how flattened their bodies were. Issoca rezendei (Schirch, 1929) was the geoplanin species that regenerated the fastest, while Obama species regenerated the slowest. Five species did not survive long enough to begin regeneration, while Imbira marcusi Carbayo et al., 2013, survived up to 15 days after sectioning but did not form the blastema, seemingly due to its sensitivity to laboratory conditions. The shape of the blastema varied according to the body shape of the species, as did the re-pigmentation of the newly formed tissue, which began in the early stages of regeneration in Obama species. Issoca rezendei showed some characteristics that make it a good candidate species as a model organism for further study of regeneration. In nature, geoplanins often show injuries, some of which may have been caused by predator-prey interactions. This variation in regeneration capacity raises questions such as if their regeneration capacity could also be maintained by direct selection.

Resumo

Despite scorpion diversity has long been acknowledged, the mystery of how it develops remains unresolved. The geographical distribution, species abundance and biodiversity of scorpions fauna in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is poorly explored with many aspects like morphological, geographical, ecological and phylogenetically. As a result of faunaistic study on scorpions a total of 171 specimens from various regimes, Charsadda, Mardan, Peshawar and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from March 2018 to October 2018 were collected. GarminTM GPS V Plus device. The software Arc GIS 10.2 was used to create maps of the study areas. Pitfall traps were used to gather samples from sandy habitats and pastureland. Five species Hottentotta tamulus Fabricius, 1798, with (35%), Scorpiops pseudomontanus Kovarik and Ahmed, 2009, (26%), Orthochirus fuscipes Pocock, 1900, (15%), Hottentotta buchariensis Birula, 1897, (13%) and Deccanometrus latimanus Pocock, 1894, (11%) were detected in our proposed study. The research indicates that abundance and temperature have a favorable connection, while abundance and humidity get a negative correlation. The value of evenness shows the strong equilibrium between the effectiveness of sampling species, and the Shannon's index suggests that the Pakistani region has a high level of scorpion variety.

Apesar de a diversidade de escorpiões ser reconhecida há muito tempo, permanece sem solução o mistério de como eles se desenvolvem. A distribuição geográfica, a abundância de espécies e a biodiversidade da fauna de escorpiões em Khyber Pakhtunkhwa são pouco exploradas quanto a aspectos morfológicos, geográficos, ecológicos e filogenéticos. Como resultado do estudo faunístico em escorpiões, foi coletado um total de 171 espécimes de vários regimes nos distritos de Charsadda, Mardan, Peshawar e Kohat, de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão, de março de 2018 a outubro de 2018. Dispositivo GarminTM GPS V Plus. O software Arc GIS 10.2 foi utilizado para criar mapas das áreas de estudo. Armadilhas de queda foram usadas para coletar amostras de habitats arenosos e pastagens. Cinco espécies Hottentotta tamulus Fabricius, 1798 (35%), Scorpiops pseudomontanus Kovarik and Ahmed, 2009 (26%), Orthochirus fuscipes Pocock, 1900 (15%), Hottentotta buchariensis Birula, 1897 (13%) e Deccanometrus latimanus Pocock, 1894 (11%) foram detectados em nosso estudo proposto. A pesquisa indica que abundância e temperatura têm uma relação favorável, enquanto abundância e umidade têm uma correlação negativa. O valor da uniformidade mostra o forte equilíbrio na eficácia da amostragem de espécies, e o índice de Shannon sugere que a região paquistanesa tem um alto nível de variedade de escorpiões.

Resumo

Abstract The basic aim of this study was aimed to determine the ichthyofaunal diversity of River Panjkora in both upper and lower Dir districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Fish samples were collected by using fishnets from March to September 2020. A total of 724 specimens were collected and classified into 5 families, 14 genera, and 18 species. The overall results revealed that most fish fauna of river Panjkora contains 8 species of family Cyprinidae (56.49%) followed by 4 species of Nemacheilidae (24.44%), 2 species of Channidae (10.63%), and Sisoridae (7.04%), and 1 species of Mastacembelidae (1.38%), respectively. Among all kinds of fish species, Schizothorax plagiostomus (16.57%) was highly dominated and followed by Carassius auratus (11.87%) and Racoma labiata (9.66%) and were reported as highly abundant, especially during April, May, and June. The least abundant species were Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glyptothorax sufii, and Mastacembelus armatus, that constituting 2.48%, 2.20%, and 1.38% of the total fish samples. The Overall Simpsons diversity (1-D= 0.919) and Simpsons Reciprocal index values (1/D= 12.3876), and Shannons index (H= 2.68) were indicating that river Panjkora contains a quite rich and diverse group of fish species. The highest microplastics observed in site 7 compared to other study area. Conservation steps should be taken as a top priority to protect and conserve the marine environment and natural heritage from further loss, extinction and stop or minimize losses incurred through irresponsible fishery practices

Resumo O objetivo básico deste estudo foi determinar a diversidade ictiofaunística do rio Panjkora nos distritos de Lower e Upper de Dir, na província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, no Paquistão. Amostras de peixes foram coletadas com redes de arrasto de março a setembro de 2020. Foram coletados 724 espécimes, classificados em 5 famílias, 14 gêneros e 18 espécies. Os resultados gerais revelaram que a maioria da ictiofauna do rio Panjkora contém 8 espécies da família Cyprinidae (56,49%), seguidas por 4 espécies de Nemacheilidae (24,44%), 2 espécies de Channidae (10,63%) e Sisoridae (7,04%) e 1 espécie de Mastacembelidae (1,38%). Entre todas as espécies de peixes, Schizothorax plagiostomus (16,57%) foi altamente predominante, seguida por Carassius auratus (11,87%) e Racoma labiata (9,66%), e elas foram relatadas como altamente abundantes, especialmente nos meses de abril, maio e junho. As espécies menos abundantes foram Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glyptothorax sufii e Mastacembelus armatus, que constituíram 2,48%, 2,20% e 1,38%, respectivamente, do total de peixes amostrados. O índice de diversidade de Simpson (1-D = 0,919), o índice recíproco de Simpson (1/D = 12,3876) e o índice de Shannon (H = 2,68) indicaram que o rio Panjkora contém um grupo bastante rico e diversificado de espécies de peixes. Os microplásticos mais altos foram observados no local 7 em comparação com outra área de estudo. Medidas de conservação devem ser tomadas como prioridade máxima para proteger e conservar o ambiente marinho e o patrimônio natural de novas perdas e extinção e para parar ou minimizar as perdas ocorridas por práticas de pesca irresponsáveis.

Resumo

Monogenean parasites belonging to Quadriacanthus have never been reported from Clarias ngamensis, but are commonly found on congeners. In view of the specificity of monogeneans, the genetic proximity and the co-occurrence of C. ngamensis and C. gariepinus in Africa, it is hypothesised that a parasitological survey of C. ngamensis will yield several species of Quadriacanthus as its congeneric host C. gariepinus harbours these parasites. The present study aims to explore the monogenean parasites from the gills of C. ngamensis in the Upper Congo Basin by (i) inventorying their diversity and providing their morphological characterisation, and (ii) analysing their infection parameters. Monogeneans were isolated from the gills, and identified based on morphological analysis of genital and haptoral sclerotized parts. Seven parasite species belonging to Quadriacanthus were found. Among them, two species, Q. aegypticus and Q. allobychowskiella, are both newly reported in the Upper Congo Basin and newly recorded on C. ngamensis. Quadriacanthus amakaliae sp. nov., Q. halajiani sp. nov., Q. domatanai sp. nov., Q. lubandaensis sp. nov., and Q. curvicirrus sp. nov. are new to science and described herein. The most prevalent parasite species was Q. curvicirrus sp. nov. in the Luapula River (prevalence = 66.7%) with mean infection intensity of 6.3 ± 5.8. Quadriacanthus allobychowskiella and Q. aegypticus are known parasites from C. gariepinus and their presence on C. ngamensis is probably the result of lateral transfers. The discovery of five new species from C. ngamensis highlights the parasite diversity still to be explored in the region.

Resumo

Evagetes, with 18 species from China, is reviewed. One new species from Xinjiang, China, Evagetes truncantennus Dong & Ma, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Ten newly recorded species from China are illustrated: E. transbaicalicus Lelej, 1995, E. subglaber (Haupt, 1941), E. iconionus Wolf, 1970, E. orientalis Lelej & Loktionov, 2009, E. crassicornis (Shuckard, 1837), E. dubius (Vander Linden, 1827), E. littoralis (Wesmael, 1851), E. pectinipes (Linnaeus, 1758), E. trispinosus (Kohl, 1886), E. proximus (Dahlbom, 1845), E. deirambo Ishikawa, 1960, E. liane Schmid-Egger, 2019 and E. shwangtashanus Yasumatsu, 1935, and 17 known species from China receive updated diagnoses. Additionally, a key to the Chinese species of Evagetes is provided. A few diagnostic morphological characters are found useful in species' identifications, further enhancing the understanding of biodiversity within this genus. This study increased the number of known species of Evagetes, and expanded the known distribution of the genus to China.

Resumo

The type series of Leporinus paranensis includes two distinct species, one of which is herein described as new. Leporinus paranensis is redescribed based on its holotype, two paratypes, and additional specimens recently sampled in tributaries of the Grande River, in the north portion of the upper Paraná basin in Brazil. A new species of Leporinus is described based on specimens collected in all major tributaries of the upper Paraná basin in Brazil, and tributaries of the Paraná River in Paraguay. Both species share the presence of three unicuspid teeth on the premaxillary and four on the dentary, a terminal mouth and three dark midlateral blotches on the body. The new species is distinguished from L. paranensis based on the number of scale series around the caudal peduncle (12 vs. 16). Despite the similar body shape, species delimitation analyses using DNA barcodes, applied to compare samples of the new species to congeners, corroborated the uniqueness of the new species. In addition, molecular data revealed that L. bahiensis, L. octofasciatus, and L. taeniatus are possibly closely related to the L. paranensis species group. Conservation statuses of L. paranensis and the new species are recommended based on the IUCN criteria.