Physical and Semen Characteristics of Mexican Creole Roosters in Summer and Autumn, at 19° North Latitude with a Constant Photoperiod

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the seasons (Summer and Autumn), on live weight, body condition, mass motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, and sperm-cell concentration of Creole roosters (Gallus domesticus) from Mexico. Semen from 35-week-old Creole roosters was collected weekly during 10 weeks in Summer and Autumn, through the dorso-abdominal massage technique. Roosters were individually kept under a constant photoperiod (16 hours light:8 hours dark). The average live weight was 4.5% higher (p<0.05) in Autumn (2.78 kg) than in Summer (2.66 kg), therefore this variable increased with age (r = 0.85, p<0.05). Category 2 of body condition occurred (p<0.05) with higher probability than the others (0, 1 and 3), being practically the same (p>0.05) in Autumn (99.96%) and in Summer (99.81%). On average (and in weeks 1 and 3-10), the percentage of live spermatozoa was higher in Summer than in Autumn. Accordingly, the percentage of live spermatozoa decreased with age (r = -0.82, p<0.05). However, on average, sperm-cell concentration did not change between seasons (p>0.05). In conclusion, Mexican Creole roosters showed higher percentage of live spermatozoa in Summer than in Autumn. Therefore, it is advisable to select these animals of about 2.7 kg and reproduce them in Summer.(AU)

Testicular biometry and hierarchy of dominance of the white-lipped peccary (Mammalia, Tayassuidae) / Biometria testicular e hierarquia de dominância do queixada (Mammalia, Tayassuidae)

The objective of this study was to obtain data on the testicular biometry of the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and to verify if there is a correlation between the individual's biometric data with their dominance rank. Data were collected from 16 adult males, aged between two and seven years, who made up the same group. By the agonistic interactions analyses we calculated the linearity indexes (h') of the dominance hierarchy and dominance rank. At the end of the behavioral observations, males were captured to collect biometric data from the testis. White-lipped peccaries showed testicles located in a perineal position, inclined cranio-ventrally with oval shape, flattened laterally and with tenso-elastic consistency (2.54±0.07). There was variance in the means (± standard deviation) of testis length (5.88±1.05cm), width (4.24 ± 0.98cm), height (4.44±0.86cm), and total scrotal width (8.78±17.05). The linear dominance hierarchy described the social structure of the males of this group (h'>0.9), with probability of linearity in the hierarchy greater than chance (P = 0.02). There was a correlation between dominance rank with the body mass, length and volume of the testicles. As in general the dimensions of the testicles are directly correlated with sperm production and also testosterone, this characteristic favors the reproductive performance of dominant white-lips males. Therefore, the characteristics of testicular biometry of white-lips should be considered for the selection of individuals more likely to reproduce in captivity favoring the conservation of this vulnerable species.(AU)

O objetivo neste estudo foi obter dados sobre a biometria testicular do queixada (Tayassu pecari) e verificar se há correlação entre os dados biométricos do indivíduo com seu posto de dominância. Os dados foram coletados de 16 queixadas adultos, com idades entre dois e sete anos, que compunham o mesmo grupo. Por meio de análises das interações agonísticas foram calculados os índices de linearidade (h') da hierarquia de dominância e determinado o rank dos indivíduos. Ao final das observações comportamentais, os machos foram capturados para coleta de dados biométricos do testículo. Os queixadas apresentaram testículos localizados em posição perineal, inclinados cranioventralmente com formato oval, achatados láterolateralmente e com consistência tensoelástica (2,54±0,07). Houve variação nas médias (± desvio padrão) do comprimento testicular (5,88±1,05cm), largura (4,24±0,98cm), altura (4,44±0,86cm) e largura escrotal total (8,78±17,05). A hierarquia de dominância linear descreveu a estrutura social dos machos desse grupo (h'>0,9), com probabilidade de linearidade na hierarquia maior que o acaso (P = 0,02). Houve correlação entre a classificação de dominância com a massa corporal, comprimento e volume dos testículos. Como em geral as dimensões dos testículos estão diretamente correlacionadas com a produção de esperma e também de testosterona, essa característica favorece o desempenho reprodutivo de machos de queixadas brancos dominantes. Portanto, as características da biometria testicular de queixadas devem ser consideradas para a seleção de indivíduos com maior probabilidade de reprodução em cativeiro favorecendo a conservação desta espécie vulnerável.(AU)

The protective effect of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L) pollen seeds against the toxicity of a solvent (EGME) in Wistar rats

Environmental pollution is the unfavorable alteration of our environment, wholly or mainly as a by-product of human actions, by the direct or indirect effects of changes in energy patterns, radiation levels, the chemical and physical constitution, and the abundance of the organisms. Thus, the environment's pollution is one of the most severe problems humanity and other forms of life face today on our planet, and this population makes severe disruption. The xenobiotic substances responsible for this pollution are numerous and diverse due to multiple human activities that can be the source. However, attention mainly focuses on fertilizers, pesticides, heavy metals, and certain petrochemicals of significant consumption, such as solvents. The purpose of this study is to highlight the reprotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME) on male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Etheralone (EGME) (500 mg/kg), combined with the aqueous extract of the pollen grains of Sinapis arvensis (P-EGME) (300mg/kg), in addition to the control (T) and positive control (P) groups for a period of 4 weeks by gavage, to estimate the protective role of this plant against the intoxication of EGME. The results show that EGME can induce reprotoxic effects revealed by a reduction in testes and epididymis mass accompanied by decreased male fertility indicators (sperm concentration). The results also show that treatment with EGME caused a reduction in the red blood cell number, hemoglobin and hematocrit rate, white blood cells in the treated groups compared to the control groups. The present study revealed that treatment with Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME) under the same experimental conditions could affect several biological markers, especially male fertility. Besides, the protective activity of the wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) pollen in the face of cellular [...] (AU)

The protective effect of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L) pollen seeds against the toxicity of a solvent (EGME) in Wistar rats

Environmental pollution is the unfavorable alteration of our environment, wholly or mainly as a by-product of human actions, by the direct or indirect effects of changes in energy patterns, radiation levels, the chemical and physical constitution, and the abundance of the organisms. Thus, the environment's pollution is one of the most severe problems humanity and other forms of life face today on our planet, and this population makes severe disruption. The xenobiotic substances responsible for this pollution are numerous and diverse due to multiple human activities that can be the source. However, attention mainly focuses on fertilizers, pesticides, heavy metals, and certain petrochemicals of significant consumption, such as solvents. The purpose of this study is to highlight the reprotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME) on male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Etheralone (EGME) (500 mg/kg), combined with the aqueous extract of the pollen grains of Sinapis arvensis (P-EGME) (300mg/kg), in addition to the control (T) and positive control (P) groups for a period of 4 weeks by gavage, to estimate the protective role of this plant against the intoxication of EGME. The results show that EGME can induce reprotoxic effects revealed by a reduction in testes and epididymis mass accompanied by decreased male fertility indicators (sperm concentration). The results also show that treatment with EGME caused a reduction in the red blood cell number, hemoglobin and hematocrit rate, white blood cells in the treated groups compared to the control groups. The present study revealed that treatment with Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME) under the same experimental conditions could affect several biological markers, especially male fertility. Besides, the protective activity of the wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) pollen in the face of cellular [...]

Influence of seasonality on the physiological and seminal parameters of buffaloes in the western region of Pará1 / Influência da sazonalidade nos parâmetros fisiológicos e seminais de búfalos da região oeste do Pará

Awareness of the physiological changes that occur when animals are subjected to climatic changes that are considered stressful is essential to maintain animal welfare and to be able to exploit their reproductive potential efficiently and rationally. The present study was carried out to evaluate climatic variables' influence on physiological parameters, and Murrah buffalo ejaculates reared in a humid tropical climate in the Amazon. The immediate analyzes pertinent to the physical and morphological characteristics of the ejaculates were carried out and corresponded in the rainy season (RS) volume of 3.4±2.0mL; the mass activity of 4.4±0.5; motility of 80.4±5.6%; vigor of 4.4±0.4; concentration of 657,300±237,865.1 x 106sptz/mL; major defects of 9.0±2.6%; minor defects of 11.2±3.9%; total defects 20.2±5.3% and sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI) 84.8±5.6%, whereas in the non-rainy season (nRS), the results were 4.0±2.1mL; the mass activity of 3.0±1.0; motility of 56.2±13.4%; vigor of 3.0±1.0; concentration of 586,000±291,925.9 x 106sptz/mL; major defects of 20.8±9.9%; minor defects of 27.5±6.3%; total defects 48.3±9.3% and SPMI of 57.9±12.4%. Furthermore, a statistical difference (P<0.05) was observed for the parameters mass activity, motility, vigor, major defects, minor defects, total defects, and sperm plasma membrane integrity between both periods. The data on heart frequency, superficial temperature (head, back, groin, and scrotal pouch) showed a statistical difference between both periods (P<0.05). To conclude is necessary specific management in the non-rainy season that thermal stress is not a determining factor in reducing the reproductive quality of buffaloes; it is necessary to use means to improve animal welfare; one alternative is to use baths regularly for these animals or provide constant access to areas of rivers or lakes, as well as shading, preventing the buffaloes from being directly exposed to the unfavorable thermal environment.(AU)

O conhecimento das alterações fisiológicas que ocorrem quando os animais são submetidos a alterações climatológicas consideradas estressantes é fundamental para manter o bem-estar animal, e poder explorar o seu potencial reprodutivo de forma eficiente e racional. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de variáveis climáticas sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e de ejaculados de búfalos, da raça Murrah, criados em clima tropical úmido da Amazônia. As análises imediatas pertinentes às características físicas e morfológicas dos ejaculados foram realizadas e corresponderam no período chuvoso (PCh) o volume de 3,4±2,0mL, turbilhonamento de 4,4±0,5; motilidade de 80,4±5,6%; vigor de 4,4±0,4; concentração de 657.300±237.865,1 x 106sptz/mL; defeitos maiores de 9,0±2,6%; defeitos menores de 11,2±3,9%; defeitos totais de 20,2±5,3% e integridade da membrana plasmática (IMP) de 84,8±5,6%, enquanto que no período não chuvoso (PnCh), os resultados foram de 4,0±2,1mL; turbilhonamento de 3,0±1,0; motilidade de 56,2±13,4%; vigor de 3,0±1,0; concentração de 586.000±291.925,9 x 106sptz/mL; defeitos maiores de 20,8±9,9%; defeitos menores de 27,5±6,3%; defeitos totais de 48,3±9,3% e IMP de 57,9±12,4%. Observou-se diferença estatística (P<0,05) para os parâmetros movimento de massa, motilidade, vigor, defeitos maiores, defeitos menores, defeitos totais e integridade da membrana plasmática entre os dois períodos. Dados de frequência cardíaca, temperatura superficial (cabeça, dorso, virilha e bolsa escrotal) diferiram estatisticamente entre os períodos (P<0,05). Conclui-se que se faz necessário usar de um manejo específico no período não chuvoso para que o estresse térmico não seja um fator determinante na redução da qualidade reprodutiva dos búfalos, para isto se faz necessário utilizar de meios para melhorar o bem-estar animal, sendo uma das alternativas fazer uso de banhos regularmente para estes animais, ou disponibilizar acesso constante destes a áreas de rios ou lagos, assim como sombreamentos, evitando que os búfalos fiquem expostos diretamente ao ambiente térmico desfavorável.(AU)

Influence of seasonality on the physiological and seminal parameters of buffaloes in the western region of Pará1 / Influência da sazonalidade nos parâmetros fisiológicos e seminais de búfalos da região oeste do Pará

Awareness of the physiological changes that occur when animals are subjected to climatic changes that are considered stressful is essential to maintain animal welfare and to be able to exploit their reproductive potential efficiently and rationally. The present study was carried out to evaluate climatic variables' influence on physiological parameters, and Murrah buffalo ejaculates reared in a humid tropical climate in the Amazon. The immediate analyzes pertinent to the physical and morphological characteristics of the ejaculates were carried out and corresponded in the rainy season (RS) volume of 3.4±2.0mL; the mass activity of 4.4±0.5; motility of 80.4±5.6%; vigor of 4.4±0.4; concentration of 657,300±237,865.1 x 106sptz/mL; major defects of 9.0±2.6%; minor defects of 11.2±3.9%; total defects 20.2±5.3% and sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI) 84.8±5.6%, whereas in the non-rainy season (nRS), the results were 4.0±2.1mL; the mass activity of 3.0±1.0; motility of 56.2±13.4%; vigor of 3.0±1.0; concentration of 586,000±291,925.9 x 106sptz/mL; major defects of 20.8±9.9%; minor defects of 27.5±6.3%; total defects 48.3±9.3% and SPMI of 57.9±12.4%. Furthermore, a statistical difference (P<0.05) was observed for the parameters mass activity, motility, vigor, major defects, minor defects, total defects, and sperm plasma membrane integrity between both periods. The data on heart frequency, superficial temperature (head, back, groin, and scrotal pouch) showed a statistical difference between both periods (P<0.05). To conclude is necessary specific management in the non-rainy season that thermal stress is not a determining factor in reducing the reproductive quality of buffaloes; it is necessary to use means to improve animal welfare; one alternative is to use baths regularly for these animals or provide constant access to areas of rivers or lakes, as well as shading, preventing the buffaloes from being directly exposed to the unfavorable thermal environment.(AU)

O conhecimento das alterações fisiológicas que ocorrem quando os animais são submetidos a alterações climatológicas consideradas estressantes é fundamental para manter o bem-estar animal, e poder explorar o seu potencial reprodutivo de forma eficiente e racional. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de variáveis climáticas sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e de ejaculados de búfalos, da raça Murrah, criados em clima tropical úmido da Amazônia. As análises imediatas pertinentes às características físicas e morfológicas dos ejaculados foram realizadas e corresponderam no período chuvoso (PCh) o volume de 3,4±2,0mL, turbilhonamento de 4,4±0,5; motilidade de 80,4±5,6%; vigor de 4,4±0,4; concentração de 657.300±237.865,1 x 106sptz/mL; defeitos maiores de 9,0±2,6%; defeitos menores de 11,2±3,9%; defeitos totais de 20,2±5,3% e integridade da membrana plasmática (IMP) de 84,8±5,6%, enquanto que no período não chuvoso (PnCh), os resultados foram de 4,0±2,1mL; turbilhonamento de 3,0±1,0; motilidade de 56,2±13,4%; vigor de 3,0±1,0; concentração de 586.000±291.925,9 x 106sptz/mL; defeitos maiores de 20,8±9,9%; defeitos menores de 27,5±6,3%; defeitos totais de 48,3±9,3% e IMP de 57,9±12,4%. Observou-se diferença estatística (P<0,05) para os parâmetros movimento de massa, motilidade, vigor, defeitos maiores, defeitos menores, defeitos totais e integridade da membrana plasmática entre os dois períodos. Dados de frequência cardíaca, temperatura superficial (cabeça, dorso, virilha e bolsa escrotal) diferiram estatisticamente entre os períodos (P<0,05). Conclui-se que se faz necessário usar de um manejo específico no período não chuvoso para que o estresse térmico não seja um fator determinante na redução da qualidade reprodutiva dos búfalos, para isto se faz necessário utilizar de meios para melhorar o bem-estar animal, sendo uma das alternativas fazer uso de banhos regularmente para estes animais, ou disponibilizar acesso constante destes a áreas de rios ou lagos, assim como sombreamentos, evitando que os búfalos fiquem expostos diretamente ao ambiente térmico desfavorável.(AU)

Evaluation of the proteomic profiles of ejaculated spermatozoa from Saanen bucks (Capra hircus)

The Saanen goat breed has been widely explored in breeding programmes; however, there are few reports about the breed’s genetic and molecular composition. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the proteomic profile of spermatozoa from Saanen breeding goats. Five breeding animals with proven fertility were selected, the spermatozoa were collected, and the protein was extracted. Subsequently, the proteins were separated and analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the proteins were then identified with the SwissProt database. A total of 31 proteins involved in reproduction were identified, including binding proteins on spermatozoa for fusion with the egg, acrosomal membrane proteins, metabolic enzymes, heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and spermatozoa motility proteins. The characterization of such proteins clarifies the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis and the modifications that ensure the success of fertilization.

Evaluation of the proteomic profiles of ejaculated spermatozoa from Saanen bucks (Capra hircus)

The Saanen goat breed has been widely explored in breeding programmes; however, there are few reports about the breeds genetic and molecular composition. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the proteomic profile of spermatozoa from Saanen breeding goats. Five breeding animals with proven fertility were selected, the spermatozoa were collected, and the protein was extracted. Subsequently, the proteins were separated and analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the proteins were then identified with the SwissProt database. A total of 31 proteins involved in reproduction were identified, including binding proteins on spermatozoa for fusion with the egg, acrosomal membrane proteins, metabolic enzymes, heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and spermatozoa motility proteins. The characterization of such proteins clarifies the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis and the modifications that ensure the success of fertilization.(AU)

Can mineral supplementation modify the characteristics of young buffalo ejaculate? / Pode a suplementação mineral influenciar as características do ejaculado de touros búfalos jovens?

This study aimed to determine the influence of mineral supplementation on the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma and the semen characteristics of young buffaloes. To this end, 60 animals were kept under rotational grazing and were randomly divided into two groups: G-Bov (conventional mineral supplement recommended for bovine cattle; n = 30) and G-Buf (mineral supplement recommended for buffaloes; n = 30). Mineral supplement consumption was calculated from the difference between the amount of supplement offered and the leftover bunk, calculated every 28 days. Eight ejaculates from each animal were collected. The means of the response variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%, and Pearson’s correlation was analyzed between the concentration of minerals in seminal plasma and fresh semen characteristics. Animals in the G-Buf group had lower mineral supplement consumption (G-Bov = 83.18 vs. G-Buf = 77.14 g AU-1 day-1, P < 0.05) and had higher ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm vigor, and sperm mass motility than did the animals in the G-Bov group. This research presented the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma of buffaloes receiving different mineral supplements. In addition, the study concluded that the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen of young buffaloes are influenced by the formulation of the mineral supplement, which resulted in better sperm quality in the animals receiving a species-specific supplement. Among the minerals present in buffalo seminal plasma, phosphorus is the element that shows the highest positive correlation with semen characteristics.

Com o objetivo de verificar a influência do suplemento mineral consumido na concentração dos macro e microelementos no plasma seminal e nas características do sêmen de búfalos, 60 bezerros de 10 meses de idade foram mantidos sob lotação intermitente por 14 meses, consumindo, ad libitum, dois suplementos minerais distintos e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: G-Bov (suplemento mineral convencional recomendado para bovinos; n=30) e G-Buf (suplemento mineral específico para búfalos; n=30). O consumo do suplemento mineral foi calculado a partir da diferença entre a quantidade de suplemento oferecido e a sobra mensal do cocho. Dos búfalos a partir dos 22 meses de idade foram realizadas oito colheitas de sêmen de cada animal. As médias das variáveis foram analisadas por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%, também foi analisada a correlação de Pearson entre a concentração de minerais no plasma seminal e as características do ejaculado. Observou-se que os animais do G-Buf mesmo consumindo menos suplemento mineral (G-Bov = 83,18 vs. G-Buf = 77,14 g UA-1 dia-1; P<0,05) obtiveram maior volume do ejaculado e melhores motilidade, vigor e turbilhonamento. Esta pesquisa apresenta as concentrações de macro e microelementos no plasma seminal de búfalos suplementados com diferentes formulações minerais. Além disso, concluiu-se que as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen de búfalos jovens são influenciadas pelo tipo de suplementação mineral, apresentando sêmen de melhor qualidade em búfalos suplementados com suplementos específicos para a espécie. Dos minerais presentes no plasma seminal de búfalos, o fósforo é o elemento que mostra maior correlação positiva com as características seminais no ejaculado.

Can mineral supplementation modify the characteristics of young buffalo ejaculate? / Pode a suplementação mineral influenciar as características do ejaculado de touros búfalos jovens?

This study aimed to determine the influence of mineral supplementation on the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma and the semen characteristics of young buffaloes. To this end, 60 animals were kept under rotational grazing and were randomly divided into two groups: G-Bov (conventional mineral supplement recommended for bovine cattle; n = 30) and G-Buf (mineral supplement recommended for buffaloes; n = 30). Mineral supplement consumption was calculated from the difference between the amount of supplement offered and the leftover bunk, calculated every 28 days. Eight ejaculates from each animal were collected. The means of the response variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%, and Pearsons correlation was analyzed between the concentration of minerals in seminal plasma and fresh semen characteristics. Animals in the G-Buf group had lower mineral supplement consumption (G-Bov = 83.18 vs. G-Buf = 77.14 g AU-1 day-1, P < 0.05) and had higher ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm vigor, and sperm mass motility than did the animals in the G-Bov group. This research presented the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma of buffaloes receiving different mineral supplements. In addition, the study concluded that the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen of young buffaloes are influenced by the formulation of the mineral supplement, which resulted in better sperm quality in the animals receiving a species-specific supplement. Among the minerals present in buffalo seminal plasma, phosphorus is the element that shows the highest positive correlation with semen characteristics.(AU)

Com o objetivo de verificar a influência do suplemento mineral consumido na concentração dos macro e microelementos no plasma seminal e nas características do sêmen de búfalos, 60 bezerros de 10 meses de idade foram mantidos sob lotação intermitente por 14 meses, consumindo, ad libitum, dois suplementos minerais distintos e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: G-Bov (suplemento mineral convencional recomendado para bovinos; n=30) e G-Buf (suplemento mineral específico para búfalos; n=30). O consumo do suplemento mineral foi calculado a partir da diferença entre a quantidade de suplemento oferecido e a sobra mensal do cocho. Dos búfalos a partir dos 22 meses de idade foram realizadas oito colheitas de sêmen de cada animal. As médias das variáveis foram analisadas por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%, também foi analisada a correlação de Pearson entre a concentração de minerais no plasma seminal e as características do ejaculado. Observou-se que os animais do G-Buf mesmo consumindo menos suplemento mineral (G-Bov = 83,18 vs. G-Buf = 77,14 g UA-1 dia-1; P<0,05) obtiveram maior volume do ejaculado e melhores motilidade, vigor e turbilhonamento. Esta pesquisa apresenta as concentrações de macro e microelementos no plasma seminal de búfalos suplementados com diferentes formulações minerais. Além disso, concluiu-se que as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen de búfalos jovens são influenciadas pelo tipo de suplementação mineral, apresentando sêmen de melhor qualidade em búfalos suplementados com suplementos específicos para a espécie. Dos minerais presentes no plasma seminal de búfalos, o fósforo é o elemento que mostra maior correlação positiva com as características seminais no ejaculado.(AU)

Parâmetros seminais de caprinos transgênicos e não transgênicos para o fator estimulante de colônia de granulócitos humano / Seminal parameters of transgenic and non transgenic goats for the human granulocyte colony facto

A espécie caprina tornou-se um excelente modelo animal objetivando a produção de proteínas recombinantes no leite. A obtenção de machos fundadores transgênicos é importante, pois os mesmos permitem aumentar o número de crias transgênicas pelo simples uso da inseminação artificial. Este trabalho teve por objetivo, comparar parâmetros seminais de machos caprinos transgênicos (TG) e não transgênicos (NTG) para o Fator Estimulante de Colônia de Granulócitos humano (hG-CSF). Para tanto, semanalmente,foram colhidas amostras de sêmen de todos os animais através de vagina artificial. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: volume, motilidade massal, concentração espermática, motilidade individual progressiva (MIP), vigor e patologias espermáticas. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas somente para volume e MIP, os quais tiveram valores superiores (p<0,05) nos animais TG. Observou-se também, em ambos os grupos, um pequeno percentual de patologias espermáticas (<2%), sem diferença estatística (p>0,05). Em conclusão, a presença do transgene não afetou a qualidade do sêmen favorecendo e contribuindo para a formação de um rebanho transgênico.(AU)

Goats became an excellent animal model aiming the production of recombinant proteins in the milk. Transgenic founder males are important to increase the number of transgenic kids by artificial insemination. This work aimed to compare seminal parameters of transgenic (TG) and non-transgenic goats (NTG) for the human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (hG-CSF). Thus, weekly, semen samples were collected from all transgenic males by artificial vagina and evaluated: volume, mass motility, sperm concentration, individual progressive motility (IPM), vigor and sperm pathologies. Statistical differences were observed only for volume and IPM, which had higher values (p<0.05) in TG animals. There were also a small percentage of sperm pathologies (<2%) in both groups, with no statistical difference (p>0.05). In conclusion, the presence of the transgene did not affect the semen quality and these animals can be used to obtain kids and enable to create of a transgenic herd.(AU)

Parâmetros seminais de caprinos transgênicos e não transgênicos para o fator estimulante de colônia de granulócitos humano / Seminal parameters of transgenic and non transgenic goats for the human granulocyte colony facto

A espécie caprina tornou-se um excelente modelo animal objetivando a produção de proteínas recombinantes no leite. A obtenção de machos fundadores transgênicos é importante, pois os mesmos permitem aumentar o número de crias transgênicas pelo simples uso da inseminação artificial. Este trabalho teve por objetivo, comparar parâmetros seminais de machos caprinos transgênicos (TG) e não transgênicos (NTG) para o Fator Estimulante de Colônia de Granulócitos humano (hG-CSF). Para tanto, semanalmente,foram colhidas amostras de sêmen de todos os animais através de vagina artificial. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: volume, motilidade massal, concentração espermática, motilidade individual progressiva (MIP), vigor e patologias espermáticas. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas somente para volume e MIP, os quais tiveram valores superiores (p0,05). Em conclusão, a presença do transgene não afetou a qualidade do sêmen favorecendo e contribuindo para a formação de um rebanho transgênico.

Goats became an excellent animal model aiming the production of recombinant proteins in the milk. Transgenic founder males are important to increase the number of transgenic kids by artificial insemination. This work aimed to compare seminal parameters of transgenic (TG) and non-transgenic goats (NTG) for the human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (hG-CSF). Thus, weekly, semen samples were collected from all transgenic males by artificial vagina and evaluated: volume, mass motility, sperm concentration, individual progressive motility (IPM), vigor and sperm pathologies. Statistical differences were observed only for volume and IPM, which had higher values (p0.05). In conclusion, the presence of the transgene did not affect the semen quality and these animals can be used to obtain kids and enable to create of a transgenic herd.

Parâmetros seminais de caprinos transgênicos para o fator estimulante de colônia de granulócitos humano / Seminal parameters of transgenic goats for the cologne stimulating factor of human granulocytes

Neste estudo, a avaliação do sêmen foi utilizada para investigar prováveis efeitos da presença do transgene sobre os parâmetros seminais de caprinos. Para tanto, amostras de sêmen foram colhidas semanalmente de três caprinos, sendo um não transgênico (NTG) e dois transgênicos (TG) para o Fator Estimulante de Colônia de Granulócitos humano (hG-CSF). Observou-se que, com exceção do volume ejaculado, não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas para os dados relativos aos demais parâmetros: motilidade massal, concentração espermática, motilidade individual progressiva e patologias espermáticas. Concluiu-se que a presença do transgene hG-CSF não teve influência sobre os principais parâmetros seminais dos animais avaliados.

In this study, semen evaluation was used to investigate likely effects of transgene presence on seminal parameters of goats. For this purpose, semen samples were collected weekly from three goats, one non-transgenic (NTG) and two transgenic (TG) for the Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (hG-CSF). It was observed that, with the exception of the ejaculated volume, no statistical differences were verified for the data related to the other parameters: mass motility, sperm concentration, individual progressive motility and spermatic pathologies. It was concluded that the presence of the hG-CSF transgene had no influence on the main seminal parameters of the animals evaluated.

Parâmetros seminais de caprinos transgênicos para o fator estimulante de colônia de granulócitos humano / Seminal parameters of transgenic goats for the cologne stimulating factor of human granulocytes

Neste estudo, a avaliação do sêmen foi utilizada para investigar prováveis efeitos da presença do transgene sobre os parâmetros seminais de caprinos. Para tanto, amostras de sêmen foram colhidas semanalmente de três caprinos, sendo um não transgênico (NTG) e dois transgênicos (TG) para o Fator Estimulante de Colônia de Granulócitos humano (hG-CSF). Observou-se que, com exceção do volume ejaculado, não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas para os dados relativos aos demais parâmetros: motilidade massal, concentração espermática, motilidade individual progressiva e patologias espermáticas. Concluiu-se que a presença do transgene hG-CSF não teve influência sobre os principais parâmetros seminais dos animais avaliados.(AU)

In this study, semen evaluation was used to investigate likely effects of transgene presence on seminal parameters of goats. For this purpose, semen samples were collected weekly from three goats, one non-transgenic (NTG) and two transgenic (TG) for the Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (hG-CSF). It was observed that, with the exception of the ejaculated volume, no statistical differences were verified for the data related to the other parameters: mass motility, sperm concentration, individual progressive motility and spermatic pathologies. It was concluded that the presence of the hG-CSF transgene had no influence on the main seminal parameters of the animals evaluated.(AU)

Classificação andrológica por pontos e características andrológicas na avaliação reprodutiva de touros da raça Gir candidatos ao teste de progênie / Andrological points classification and andrological reproductive evaluation characteristics in Gir bulls candidates for progenietest

A eficiência reprodutiva deve ser avaliada em propriedades leiteiras para identificação de indivíduos com problemas reprodutivos ligados tanto à fêmea quanto ao macho, visando minimizar perdas na produção. A reprodução está entre os fatores que afetam a produtividade dos rebanhos e chama atenção, em alguns momentos, pelos baixos índices na pecuária tradicional. Objetivou-se estudar a ferramenta de avaliação espermática denominada índice CAP e sua correlação com as análises biométricas e morfológicas do sêmen de touros da raça Gir. Foram utilizados 34 touros da raça Gir (Bos taurus indicus) aptidão leiteira, hígidos, com 17 a 31 meses de idade e 450 kg de massa corporal média. Os touros foram submetidos a exame andrológico (avaliação física incluindo biometria testicular e morfológica do sêmen), seguido pela classificação andrológica por pontos (índice CAP). Foram realizadas três coletas independentes para avaliar a qualidade espermática por touro durante o período do experimento. De acordo com a avaliação do índice CAP, os animais foram classificados como excelentes (17 %) e muito bons (83 %). O índice CAP correlacionou-se positivamente com o perímetro escrotal e as características físicas do sêmen.

Reproductive efficiency should be evaluated in dairy farms, when they are related to reproductive problems in both female and male. Breeding is among factors that affect herd productivity and draws attention by low rates of traditional livestock breeding. The aim was to study sperm evaluation tool known as the CAP index and its correlation with the biometric and morphological analyzes of Gir bulls semen. Thirty four healthy Gir bulls (Bos taurus indicus), dairy fitness, with 17 to 31 months of age with 450 kg of body mass were used. The bulls were submitted to andrological examination (physical evaluation including testicular biometry and semen morphological analysis) follow by andrological classification by points (CAP index). Three independent collections were carried out to evaluate sperm quality per bull during the experiment period According to the CAP index, animals were classified as excellent (17%) and as very good (83%). The CAP Index correlated positively with scrotal perimeter and semen physical characteristics.

Classificação andrológica por pontos e características andrológicas na avaliação reprodutiva de touros da raça Gir candidatos ao teste de progênie / Andrological points classification and andrological reproductive evaluation characteristics in Gir bulls candidates for progenietest

A eficiência reprodutiva deve ser avaliada em propriedades leiteiras para identificação de indivíduos com problemas reprodutivos ligados tanto à fêmea quanto ao macho, visando minimizar perdas na produção. A reprodução está entre os fatores que afetam a produtividade dos rebanhos e chama atenção, em alguns momentos, pelos baixos índices na pecuária tradicional. Objetivou-se estudar a ferramenta de avaliação espermática denominada índice CAP e sua correlação com as análises biométricas e morfológicas do sêmen de touros da raça Gir. Foram utilizados 34 touros da raça Gir (Bos taurus indicus) aptidão leiteira, hígidos, com 17 a 31 meses de idade e 450 kg de massa corporal média. Os touros foram submetidos a exame andrológico (avaliação física incluindo biometria testicular e morfológica do sêmen), seguido pela classificação andrológica por pontos (índice CAP). Foram realizadas três coletas independentes para avaliar a qualidade espermática por touro durante o período do experimento. De acordo com a avaliação do índice CAP, os animais foram classificados como excelentes (17 %) e muito bons (83 %). O índice CAP correlacionou-se positivamente com o perímetro escrotal e as características físicas do sêmen.(AU)

Reproductive efficiency should be evaluated in dairy farms, when they are related to reproductive problems in both female and male. Breeding is among factors that affect herd productivity and draws attention by low rates of traditional livestock breeding. The aim was to study sperm evaluation tool known as the CAP index and its correlation with the biometric and morphological analyzes of Gir bulls semen. Thirty four healthy Gir bulls (Bos taurus indicus), dairy fitness, with 17 to 31 months of age with 450 kg of body mass were used. The bulls were submitted to andrological examination (physical evaluation including testicular biometry and semen morphological analysis) follow by andrological classification by points (CAP index). Three independent collections were carried out to evaluate sperm quality per bull during the experiment period According to the CAP index, animals were classified as excellent (17%) and as very good (83%). The CAP Index correlated positively with scrotal perimeter and semen physical characteristics.(AU)

Actiflagelin, a new sperm activator isolated from Walterinnesia aegyptia venom using phenotypic screening

Background Sperm contains a wealth of cell surface receptors and ion channels that are required for most of its basic functions such as motility and acrosome reaction. Conversely, animal venoms are enriched in bioactive compounds that primarily target those ion channels and cell surface receptors. We hypothesized, therefore, that animal venoms should be rich enough in sperm-modulating compounds for a drug discovery program. Our objective was to demonstrate this fact by using a sperm-based phenotypic screening to identify positive modulators from the venom of Walterinnesia aegyptia. Methods Herein, as proof of concept that venoms contain interesting compounds for sperm physiology, we fractionated Walterinnesia aegyptia snake venom by RP-HPLC and screened for bioactive fractions capable of accelerating mouse sperm motility (primary screening). Next, we purified each compound from the positive fraction by cation exchange and identified the bioactive peptide by secondary screening. The peptide sequence was established by Edman sequencing of the reduced/alkylated compound combined to LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS analyses of reduced/alkylated fragment peptides following trypsin or V8 protease digestion. Results Using this two-step purification protocol combined to cell phenotypic screening, we identified a new toxin of 7329.38 Da (actiflagelin) that activates sperm motility in vitro from OF1 male mice. Actiflagelin is 63 amino acids in length and contains five disulfide bridges along the proposed pattern of disulfide connectivity C1-C5, C2-C3, C4- C6, C7-C8 and C9-C10. Modeling of its structure suggests that it belongs to the family of three finger toxins with a noticeable homology with bucandin, a peptide from Bungarus candidus venom. Conclusions This report demonstrates the feasibility of identifying profertility compounds that may be of therapeutic potential for infertility cases where motility is an issue.(AU)

Actiflagelin, a new sperm activator isolated from Walterinnesia aegyptia venom using phenotypic screening

Background Sperm contains a wealth of cell surface receptors and ion channels that are required for most of its basic functions such as motility and acrosome reaction. Conversely, animal venoms are enriched in bioactive compounds that primarily target those ion channels and cell surface receptors. We hypothesized, therefore, that animal venoms should be rich enough in sperm-modulating compounds for a drug discovery program. Our objective was to demonstrate this fact by using a sperm-based phenotypic screening to identify positive modulators from the venom of Walterinnesia aegyptia. Methods Herein, as proof of concept that venoms contain interesting compounds for sperm physiology, we fractionated Walterinnesia aegyptia snake venom by RP-HPLC and screened for bioactive fractions capable of accelerating mouse sperm motility (primary screening). Next, we purified each compound from the positive fraction by cation exchange and identified the bioactive peptide by secondary screening. The peptide sequence was established by Edman sequencing of the reduced/alkylated compound combined to LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS analyses of reduced/alkylated fragment peptides following trypsin or V8 protease digestion. Results Using this two-step purification protocol combined to cell phenotypic screening, we identified a new toxin of 7329.38 Da (actiflagelin) that activates sperm motility in vitro from OF1 male mice. Actiflagelin is 63 amino acids in length and contains five disulfide bridges along the proposed pattern of disulfide connectivity C1-C5, C2-C3, C4- C6, C7-C8 and C9-C10. Modeling of its structure suggests that it belongs to the family of three finger toxins with a noticeable homology with bucandin, a peptide from Bungarus candidus venom. Conclusions This report demonstrates the feasibility of identifying profertility compounds that may be of therapeutic potential for infertility cases where motility is an issue.

Isolation and identification of proteins from swine sperm chromatin and nuclear matrix

The aim of this study was to perform a proteomic analysis to isolate and identify proteins from the swine sperm nuclear matrix to contribute to a database of swine sperm nuclear proteins. We used pre-chilled diluted semen from seven boars (19 to 24 week old) from the commercial lineLandrace x Large Whitex Pietran. The semen was processed to separate the sperm heads and extract the chromatin and nuclear matrix for protein quantification and analysis by mass spectrometry, by LTQ Orbitrap ELITE Mass spectrometer (Thermo-Finnigan) coupled to a nanoflow chromatography system (LC-MS/MS). We identified 222 different proteins in the sample; a total of 159 (71.6%) were previously described as present in the somatic or sperm nuclei of other species, 41 (18.5%) did not have a previously reported nuclear presence and 22(9.9%) had not been characterized. The most abundant family of proteins corresponded to ribosomal (13.1%), followed by cytoskeleton (12.2%), uncharacterized (9.9%), histones (5.4%), proteasome subunits (3.6%)and heat shock (1.8%). The other proteins clustered in other families accounted for 54% of the total proteins. The protein isolation of the nuclear matrix of the swine spermatozoa was satisfactory, thus demonstrating that the protocol used was efficient. Several proteins were identified and described. However, it was not possible to identify some protein structures. Therefore,this study helps to establish a starting point for future proteomic studies comparing fertile and sub-fertile animals.

Isolation and identification of proteins from swine sperm chromatin and nuclear matrix

The aim of this study was to perform a proteomic analysis to isolate and identify proteins from the swine sperm nuclear matrix to contribute to a database of swine sperm nuclear proteins. We used pre-chilled diluted semen from seven boars (19 to 24 week old) from the commercial lineLandrace x Large Whitex Pietran. The semen was processed to separate the sperm heads and extract the chromatin and nuclear matrix for protein quantification and analysis by mass spectrometry, by LTQ Orbitrap ELITE Mass spectrometer (Thermo-Finnigan) coupled to a nanoflow chromatography system (LC-MS/MS). We identified 222 different proteins in the sample; a total of 159 (71.6%) were previously described as present in the somatic or sperm nuclei of other species, 41 (18.5%) did not have a previously reported nuclear presence and 22(9.9%) had not been characterized. The most abundant family of proteins corresponded to ribosomal (13.1%), followed by cytoskeleton (12.2%), uncharacterized (9.9%), histones (5.4%), proteasome subunits (3.6%)and heat shock (1.8%). The other proteins clustered in other families accounted for 54% of the total proteins. The protein isolation of the nuclear matrix of the swine spermatozoa was satisfactory, thus demonstrating that the protocol used was efficient. Several proteins were identified and described. However, it was not possible to identify some protein structures. Therefore,this study helps to establish a starting point for future proteomic studies comparing fertile and sub-fertile animals.(AU)