Resumo

A checklist of Dermaptera and Phasmatodea from Brazil is presented, from the Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna project, an online platform available at http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br, which gathers taxonomic information (valid species, distribution, synonymies, depository location, etc.) from species recorded in the country. The patterns of known type locations, biome distribution, and rate of new species descriptions in Brazil are discussed. There is a great number of lost types and few numbers of secondary types, indicating that collecting activities focused on Dermaptera and Phasmatodea followed by taxonomic treatments have not been many. The best-known biome in terms of species of Dermaptera and Phasmatodea is the Atlantic Forest, followed by the Amazon Forest. There are significantly less species recorded for the other biomes. This bias may be explained by the colonization of Brazil, which started in areas of Atlantic Forest, and the several expeditions that occurred in the Amazon region in the last century. As for the rate of new species descriptions, a steady and slow pattern of new species described through time is characteristic of Dermaptera, while large gaps of time without any new taxon followed by clusters of many described species is characteristic of Phasmatodea.

Resumo

Aspidoras comprises 25 species currently considered as valid, being widely distributed in Brazil, occurring from the upper rio Paraná basin in São Paulo to coastal basins of Ceará. After Nijssen, Isbrücker's review more than 40 years ago, no extensive work regarding the taxonomy of Aspidoras was conducted. Our paper presents a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus, based primarily on the extensive material that has been collected since then. Considering the new diagnosis plus the available phylogenetic data, A. pauciradiatus and A. virgulatus are transferred to Corydoras and Scleromystax, respectively. New synonymies are proposed: A. eurycephalus and A. taurus with A. albater; A. menezesi and A. spilotus with A. raimundi; and A. microgalaeus and A. marianae with A. poecilus. Additionally, a new species from the Araguaia and Paraguay river basins is described, which can be distinguished from its congeners by the morphology of its complex vertebra and infraorbital 1. Thereby, the number of valid species within Aspidoras was reduced from 25 to 18. Redescriptions for A. albater, A. belenos, A. depinnai, A. fuscoguttatus, A. lakoi, A. maculosus, A. poecilus, A. psammatides, A. raimundi, and A. velites are provided. An identification key to the species of Aspidoras is also provided.

Aspidoras compreende 25 espécies atualmente consideradas como válidas, sendo amplamente distribuído no Brasil, ocorrendo desde a bacia do alto rio Paraná em São Paulo até as bacias costeiras do Ceará. Após a revisão de Nijssen, Isbrücker há mais de 40 anos, nenhum trabalho extensivo sobre a taxonomia de Aspidoras foi conduzido. Nosso trabalho apresenta uma revisão taxonômica abrangente do gênero, baseada principalmente no extenso material que foi coletado desde então. Considerando a nova diagnose mais os dados filogenéticos disponíveis, A. pauciradiatus e A. virgulatus são transferidas para Corydoras e Scleromystax, respectivamente. Novas sinonímias são propostas: A. eurycephalus e A. taurus com A. albater; A. menezesi e A. spilotus com A. raimundi; e A. microgalaeus e A. marianae com A. poecilus. Adicionalmente, uma espécie nova é descrita das bacias dos rios Araguaia e Paraguai, podendo ser distinguida de suas congêneres pela morfologia da vértebra complexa e infraorbital 1. Assim, o número de espécies válidas em Aspidoras foi reduzido de 25 para 18. Redescrições para A. albater, A. belenos, A. depinnai, A. fuscoguttatus, A. lakoi, A. maculosus, A. poecilus, A. psammatides, A. raimundi e A. velites são fornecidas. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies de Aspidoras também é fornecida.

Resumo

Taxonomic notes are provided in some Acanthoderini genera. Three new species are described: Scythropopsis intricata Santos-Silva, Botero and Wappes from Mexico, Aegomorphus robustus Santos-Silva, Botero and Wappes and Eupromerella boliviana Santos-Silva, Botero and Wappes from Bolivia. The following synonymies are proposed: PsapharochrusThomson, 1864 as synonym of Aegomorphus Haldeman, 1847; Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) albomaculatus Fuchs, 1963 and Acanthoderes griseomaculataZajciw, 1971 as synonyms of Symperasmus alboniger (Bates, 1861); Pteridotelus contaminatus Thomson, 1865 as synonym of Scythropopsis melanostictica (White, 1855); Psapharochrus jameswappesi Tavakilian, 2018 as synonym of Aegomorphus wappesi (Galileo, Martins & Santos-Silva, 2015); and Psapharochrus histrio Casey, 1913 and Psapharochrus guatemalensis Casey, 1913 as synonyms of Aegomorphus circumflexus (Jacquelin du Val, 1857). Acanthoderus circumflexus Jacquelin DuVal, 1857 is proposed as nomen protectum and Acanthocinus rusticus Klug, 1829 as nomen oblitum. Aegomorphus contaminatus (Thomson, 1965) is revalidated. Scythropopsis Thomson, 1864 and Symperasmus Thomson, 1864 are herein elevated to genus rank. The geographical distribution of ten species is expanded and a key to differentiate Acanthoderes, Aegomorphus, Scythropopsis, and Symperasmus is provided.

Resumo

Catfishes of the family Astroblepidae form a group composed by 82 valid species of the genus Astroblepus inhabiting high-gradient streams and rivers throughout tropical portions of the Andean Cordillera. Little has been advanced in the systematics and biodiversity of astroblepids other than an unpublished thesis, a single regional multilocus study and isolated species descriptions. Here, we examined 208 specimens of Astroblepus that apparently belong to 16 valid species from several piedmont rivers from northern Colombia to southern Peru. Using three single-locus approaches for species delimitation in combination with a species tree analysis estimated from three mitochondrial genes, we identified a total of 25 well-delimited lineages including eight valid and 17 potential undescribed species distributed in two monophyletic groups: the Central Andes Clade, which contains 14 lineages from piedmont rivers of the Peruvian Amazon, and the Northern Andes Clade with 11 lineages from trans- and cis-Andean rivers of Colombia and Ecuador, including the Orinoco, Amazon, and Magdalena-Cauca basins and Pacific coastal drainages. Results of species delimitation methods highlight several taxonomical incongruences in recently described species denoting potential synonymies.(AU)

Los bagres de la familia Astroblepidae son un grupo compuesto por 82 especies válidas del género Astroblepus que habitan quebradas y ríos de alto gradiente a través de la porcion tropical en la Cordillera de los Andes. Poco se ha avanzado en la sistemática y biodiversidad de los astroblepidos aparte de una tesis no publicada, un único estudio multilocus regional y descripciones aisladas de especies. Aquí, examinamos 208 especímenes de Astroblepus que aparentemente pertenecen a 16 especies válidas provenientes de ríos de pie de monte de la cordillera de los Andes, desde el norte de Colombia hasta el sur de Perú. Utilizando tres metodologías de delimitación de especies para un único locus en combinación con análisis de un árbol de especies a partir de tres genes mitocondriales, identificamos un total de 25 linajes bien definidos que incluyen ocho especies válidas y 17 potenciales especies no descritas distribuidas en dos grupos monofiléticos: un clado de los andes centrales, que contiene 14 especies de los ríos de pie de monte de la Amazonía peruana y un clado de los andes del norte con 11 especies de los ríos trans y cisandinos de Colombia y Ecuador, incluyendo las cuencas del Orinoco, Amazonas y Magdalena-Cauca así como drenajes costeros del Pacífico. Los resultados de los métodos de delimitación de especies destacan varias incongruencias taxonómicas en especies recientemente descritas que denotan posibles sinonimias.(AU)

Resumo

Glyptoscapus letiziae, a new species of Hexoplonini Martins, 2006, is described from Brazil (Minas Gerais). Glyptoscapus cicatricosus Aurivillius, 1899 and G. vanettii Martins, 1959 are synonymized with G. pallidulus (White, 1855). A key to species of Glyptoscapus is provided. New state records are presented for Thoracibidion io (Thomson, 1867) (Neoibidionini), Coleoxestia rafaeli Santos-Silva & Wappes, 2017 and C. denticornis (Gahan, 1892) (Cerambycini). The female of C. rafaeli is described for the first time.

Resumo

A list of all valid names of species of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) is presented herein. The list is arranged by family and genus and includes all available synonyms. The list is comprehensive through 2016 and includes 240 valid species distributed among 34 genera and five families, including one monotypic genus known only from the fossil record. The presented classification reflects recently published interpretations about the validity of the included names which, in general, are widely accepted. When the validity of a particular name is disputed in recent literature, we followed one of the published interpretations and provide relevant information on the alternate interpretation(s) in the remarks section of that name. Synonymies of some names need to be considered tentative, inasmuch as the types underlying those names are either absent or appear to be based on more than one taxon. First reviser actions (e.g., lectotype and neotype designations, resolution of simultaneous synonyms, etc.) are reported and include erroneous subsequent attempts at problem resolutions. Herein, we include one new first reviser action by selecting Gymnotus aequilabiatus Humboldt, 1805, as type species of Sternopygus because previous attempts to select a type did not follow the provisions of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature.(AU)

Uma lista de todas as espécies válidas de peixes elétricos neotropicais (Gymnotiformes) é apresentada. A lista é organizada por família e gênero, e inclui todos os sinônimos válidos. A lista encontra-se atualizada até 2016 e inclui 240 espécies válidas viventes distribuídas entre os 34 gêneros e cinco famílias, e um gênero monotípico conhecido apenas por registros fósseis. A presente classificação reflete as recentes interpretações publicadas sobre a validade dos nomes incluídos, nos quais, em geral, são amplamente aceitos. Quando a validade de um nome em particular é disputada na literatura recente, nós seguimos uma das interpretações publicadas, e fornecemos informações relevantes sobre a(s) interpretação(ões) na seção de comentários do nome em questão. Sinônimos de alguns nomes precisam ser considerados com cautela, tendo em vista que os tipos para estes nomes são ausentes, ou parecem ser baseados em mais de um táxon. As primeira ações de revisão (e.g., designação de lectótipos e neótipos, resolução na designação simultânea de sinônimos, etc.) são registradas e incluem os esforços errôneos subsequentes para a solução do problema. Aqui, nós incluímos uma primeira ação de revisão selecionando Gymnotus aequilabiatus Humboldt, 1805, como a espécie-tipo de Sternopygus, porque os esforços prévios para selecionar o tipo não seguiram as recomendações do Código de Nomenclatura Zoológica.(AU)

Resumo

Novos nomes e sinonímias são propostos para Tachinidae da Região Neotropical, principalmente do Brasil. Os seguintes nomes (13) são propostos para homônimos secundários juniores: Jurinella neobesa, novo nome para Jurinella obesa (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Wiedemann, 1830); Archytas wulpianus, novo nome para Archytas nigrocalyptratus (Wulp, 1888) (preocc. Macquart, 1846); Calodexia neofumosa, novo nome para Calodexia fumosa (Townsend, 1917) (preocc. Townsend, 1912); Calodexia bigoti, novo nome para Calodexia flavipes (Bigot, 1889) (preocc. Schiner, 1868); Eucelatoria paracarinata, novo nome para Eucelatoria carinata (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Eucelatoria currani, novo nome para Eucelatoria carinata (Curran, 1926) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Lixophaga opsiangusta, novo nome para Lixophaga angusta (Townsend, 1927:294) (preocc. Townsend, 1927:284); Lixophaga thompsoniana, novo nome para Lixophaga fumipennis (Thompson, 1968) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Lixophaga townsendiana, novo nome para Lixophaga fumipennis (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Myiopharus argentata, novo nome para Myiopharus argentescens (Townsend, 1935) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Phyllophilopsis disgracilis, novo nome para Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Phasia townsendiana, novo nome para Phasia brasiliana (Townsend, 1937) (preocc. Townsend, 1929); e Phasia aurodysderci, novo nome para Phasia dysderci (Townsend, 1940) (preocc. Townsend, 1938). E duas sinonímias são propostas (restauradas): Archytas analis (Macquart, 1843) = Archytas analis (Fabricius, 1905), e Jurinella ambigua (Macquart, 1851) = Jurinella obesa (Wiedemann, 1830).

New replacement names and synonymies are proposed for Neotropical Tachinidae, mainly from Brazil. The following 13 new replacement names are proposed for junior secondary homonyms: Jurinella neobesa, new name for Jurinella obesa (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Wiedemann, 1830); Archytas wulpianus, new name for Archytas nigrocalyptratus (Wulp, 1888) (preocc. Macquart, 1846); Calodexia neofumosa, new name for Calodexia fumosa (Townsend, 1917) (preocc. Townsend, 1912); Calodexia bigoti, new name for Calodexia flavipes (Bigot, 1889) (preocc. Schiner, 1868); Eucelatoria paracarinata, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Eucelatoria currani, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Curran, 1926) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Lixophaga opsiangusta, new name for Lixophaga angusta (Townsend, 1927:294) (preocc. Townsend, 1927:284); Lixophaga thompsoniana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Thompson, 1968) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Lixophaga townsendiana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Myiopharus argentata, new name for Myiopharus argentescens (Townsend, 1935) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Phyllophilopsis disgracilis, new name for Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Phasia townsendiana, new name for Phasia brasiliana (Townsend, 1937) (preocc. Townsend, 1929); and Phasia aurodysderci, new name for Phasia dysderci (Townsend, 1940) (preocc. Townsend, 1938). And the two following synonymies are proposed (reinstated): Jurinella ambigua (Macquart, 1851) = Jurinella obesa (Wiedemann, 1830); and Archytas analis (Macquart, 1843) = Archytas analis (Fabricius, 1905).

Resumo

A checklist of the Agrilus species from the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade São Paulo is proposed. Eighty-four species are identified, of which fifteen are new and hereby described: A. aegrotus sp. nov., A. anceps sp. nov., A. vanini sp. nov., A. casarii sp. nov., A. crux sp. nov., A. dubiosus sp. nov., A. femina sp. nov., A. fusicauda sp. nov., A. geminus sp. nov., A. giannii sp. nov., A. globulus sp. nov., A. ribeiroi sp. nov., A. timorosus sp. nov., A. martinsi sp. nov., A. yeti sp. nov. Agrilus comizon Obenberger, 1935 is proposed as subspecies of A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 together with the new state of Agriloides agoretus (Obenberger, 1935) e and Autarcontes posticalis (Gory & Laporte, 1835), both described as Agrilus. Nine new synonymies are proposed: A. fasciatellus Thomson, 1878 (= A. fucatus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. laelius Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. subfasciatellus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov.); A. lucens Kerremans, 1897 (= A. auriceps Kerremans, 1889 syn. nov. = A. barrandei Obenberger, 1897 syn. nov.); A. violacellus Thomson, 1879 (= A. bathyllus Obenberger, 1933 syn. nov.); A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 (= A. lucullus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. korsakovi Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov.); A. piscis Gory, 1841 (= Agriloides bipunctatus Cobos, 1967 syn. nov.). The list also includes one species of Agriloides Kerremans, 1903 and one of Autarcontes Waterhouse, 1887.

É apresentado a lista de espécies do gênero Agrilus, preservadas no Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram identificadas 84 espécies, das quais 15 novas para a ciência, aqui descritas: A. aegrotus sp. nov., A. anceps sp. nov., A. vanini sp. nov., A. casarii sp. nov., A. crux sp. nov., A. dubiosus sp. nov., A. femina sp. nov., A. fusicauda sp. nov., A. geminus sp. nov., A. giannii sp. nov., A. globulus sp. nov., A. ribeiroi sp. nov., A. timorosus sp. nov., A. martinsi sp. nov., A. yeti sp. nov. A. comizon Obenberger, 1935 foi classificado como subespécie de A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 e vem proposto o novo status de Agriloides agoretus (Obenberger, 1935) e Autarcontes posticalis (Gory & Laporte, 1835) ambos descritos como Agrilus. São propostos 9 sinónimos novos: A. fasciatellus Thomson, 1878 (= A. fucatus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. laelius Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. subfasciatellus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov.); A. lucens Kerremans, 1897 (= A. auriceps Kerremans, 1889 syn. nov. = A. barrandei Obenberger, 1897 syn. nov.); A. violacellus Thomson, 1879 (= A. bathyllus Obenberger, 1933 syn. nov.); A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 (= A. lucullus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. korsakovi Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov.); A. piscis Gory, 1841 (= Agriloides bipunctatus Cobos, 1967 syn. nov.). Além da lista de Agrilus, foram assinaladas também duas espécies de Agriloides Kerremans, 1903 e um do Autarcontes Waterhouse, 1887.

Resumo

In this study the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 are redescribed: A. geniculata (C.L. Koch, 1841), A. tarda Pocock, 1903, A. juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923, A. theraphosoides (Doleschall, 1871). Acanthoscurria simoensi Vol, 2000 and A. insubtilis Simon, 1892, previously known from French Guyana and Bolivia, respectively, are recorded for Brazil by the first time. The females of these two species are described for the first time and a new species, A. belterrensis sp. nov., is described from Belterra, Pará, Brazil. In addition, four synonymies are established: A. transamazonica Piza, 1972 as junior synonym of A. geniculata; A. ferina Simon, 1892 and A. brocklehursti F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1896 of A. theraphosoides; and A. xinguensis Timotheo da Costa, 1960 of A. juruenicola. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. resembles A. gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923 by the color pattern and structure of sexual organs. The male can be distinguished by the less curved embolus and the very projected prolateral superior and prolateral inferior keels, giving a triangular aspect to the basis of embolus, and the female seminal receptacles presenting a larger and narrower basis.

Resumo

Parampheres Roewer, 1913 is a relatively common genus of South American harvestmen. This genus is easily diagnosed by the remarkable yellow patches on the prosoma. Nonetheless, species determination within this group is challenging due the convoluted taxonomic history of the group and lack of a recent revision. In this study we revise Parampheres and describe a new species, Parampheres tenebris sp. nov., from Parque Nacional da Serra Geral, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by having dorsal scutum dark, and apophysis of coxa IV of male elongated. Furthermore, we propose the following new synonymies: Callampheres boliviensis Roewer, 1913, Pertyana ronae Mello-Leitão, 1927 and Parampheres tibialis Roewer, 1917 with Parampheres pectinatus Roewer, 1913. Parampheres now includes four species distributed from southern Brazil to adjacent areas in Argentina and Uruguay. In addition, we present a phylogenetic hypothesis based on morphological characters that supports the transfer of Parampheres from Gonyleptinae to Caelopyginae.

Resumo

In this study, 10 nominal species of Eustala Simon, 1895 are synonymized with other species of the genus, mostly based on matching males and females erroneously described as different species. Parawixia rimosa (Keyserling, 1892) is considered a senior synonym of Eustala decemtuberculata Caporiacco, 1955. Eustala isosceles Mello-Leitão, 1939 is transferred to Kapogea Levi, 1997 and considered a senior synonym of Kapogea alayoi (Archer, 1958) based on abdomen shape and coloration. Micrathena beta Caporiacco, 1947 is redescribed, illustrated and transferred from Linyphiidae back to Araneidae. This species can be easily distinguished from other members of the genus by the male palpus with an enlarged and modified paracymbium and a narrower hook as a conductor. Micrathena sanctispiritus Brignoli, 1983 is removed from the synonymy with M. lindenbergi Mello-Leitão, 1940 and considered a senior synonym of M. guanabara Levi, 1985.

Resumo

he freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 are widely distributed in rivers of tropical and subtropical regions and represent an interesting group with controversial taxonomy. The morphological characters traditionally used to separate species have shown a high intraspecific variation. Doubts about the status of M. birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986, M. holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978 and M. petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986 have been arisen due to the high resemblance of the former two species with M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836), and the latter one with M. potiuna (Müller, 1880). Therefore, we performed a detailed morphological analysis of these species, including new characters not usually used in the species recognition. The present results here with molecular data lead us to conclude that M. birai and M. holthuisi are junior synonyms of M. olfersi, and M. petronioi is a junior synonym of M. potiuna. Considering these synonymies, 17 valid species are now reported for the Brazilian territory.

Os camarões de água doce do gênero Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 encontram-se amplamente distribuídos em rios de regiões tropicais e subtropicais e representam um grupo com taxonomia controversa. Os caracteres morfológicos comumente utilizados para separação de espécies apresentam uma grande variação intraespecífica. Dúvidas sobre o status taxonômico de M. birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986, M. holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978 e M. petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986 foram levantadas devido à alta similaridade morfológica das primeiras com relação à M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836) e da última com relação à M. potiuna (Müller, 1880). Assim, foi realizada uma análise morfológica detalhada de tais espécies, incluindo novos caracteres comumente não utilizados na identificação dos táxons. A partir dos resultados obtidos, juntamente com dados moleculares, concluímos que M. birai e M. holthuisi são sinônimos-júnior de M. olfersi, e M. petronioi é sinônimo-júnior de M. potiuna. Portanto, considerando-se tais sinonímias, são reportadas 17 espécies válidas para o território brasileiro.

Resumo

Acanthoscurria natalensis Chamberlin, 1917 is redescribed. The following species are considered junior synonyms of A. natalensis: A. cursor Chamberlin, 1917, A. fracta Chamberlin, 1917, A. rondoniae Mello-Leitão, 1923, A. chiracantha Mello-Leitão, 1923, and A. parahybana Mello-Leitão, 1926. All examined specimens, including the types, share the same general aspect, morphology of the sexual organs, color, and measurements. Acanthoscurria natalensis resembles A. paulensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 and A. chacoana Brèthes, 1909 in the general aspect, size, and by the morphology of the sexual organs: male palpal bulb with embolus ending like a shell, due to the prolateral and superior keels. It can be distinguished from these two species by the less developed keels and the longer embolus. The female resembles A. paulensis and A. chacoana by the fused base of the spermathecae and differs by the more evident lobes, projected from base. The distribution of A. natalensis is expanded to Brazilian states covering the Caatinga and the Cerrado biomes

Resumo

Three new species of Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 are described and illustrated based on males and females: Cryptachaea brescoviti sp. nov. from Beni, Bolivia and Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil; C. bonaldoi sp. nov. from Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná and C. lisei sp. nov. from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. New synonymies proposed: Chrysso ribeirao Levi, 1962 and C. caraca Levi, 1962 with Chrysso arops Levi, 1962; Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) with C. hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) and Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1884) with C. altiventer (Keyserling, 1884). Theridion altum Levi, 1963 is considered as a new synonym of Theridion soaresi Levi, 1963. Theridion melanosternum Mello-Leitão, 1947 is synonymized with Oedothorax bisignatus Mello-Leitão, 1944 and this species is removed from the synonymy with Theridion calcynatum Holmberg, 1876 and transferred to Theridion Walckenaer, 1805. Theridion tungurahua Levi, 1963 is the female of Theridion fungosum Keyserling, 1884 and the species is transferred to Exalbidion Wunderlich, 1995. Theridion antron Levi, 1963 is the female of Theridion filum Levi, 1963. Theridion nesticum Levi, 1963 is newly synonymized with Theridion teresae Levi, 1963. Theridion olaup Levi, 1963 is transferred to Kochiura Archer, 1950 and the female is described and illustrated for the first time. New combinations established: Cryptachaea dalana (Buckup & Marques, 1991), C. triguttata (Keyserling, 1891), C. dea (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. digitus (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. taim (Buckup & Marques, 2006) and Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884), all transferred from Achaearanea Strand, 1929. Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) is transferred to Henziectypus Archer, 1946.

Três espécies novas de Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 são descritas e ilustradas, com base em ambos os sexos: Cryptachaea brescoviti sp. nov. de Beni, Bolívia e Bahia e Espírito Santo, Brasil; C. bonaldoi sp. nov. de Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná e C. lisei sp. nov. de São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Sinonímias novas são propostas: Chrysso ribeirao Levi, 1962 e C. caraca Levi, 1962 com Chrysso arops Levi, 1962; Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) com C. hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) e Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1884) com C. altiventer (Keyserling, 1884). Theridion altum Levi, 1963 é sinônimo júnior de Theridion soaresi Levi, 1963. Theridion melanosternum Mello-Leitão, 1947 é sinonimizada com Oedothorax bisignatus Mello-Leitão, 1944 e esta última espécie é removida da sinonímia de Theridion calcynatum Holmberg, 1876 e transferida para Theridion Walckenaer, 1805. Theridion tungurahua Levi, 1963 é a fêmea de Theridion fungosum Keyserling, 1884 e a espécie é transferida para Exalbidion Wunderlich, 1995. Theridion antron Levi, 1963 é a fêmea de Theridion filum Levi, 1963. Theridion nesticum Levi, 1963 é sinonimizada com Theridion teresae Levi, 1963. Theridion olaup Levi, 1963 é transferida para Kockiura Archer, 1950 e a fêmea é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez. Novas combinações são estabelecidas: Cryptachaea dalana (Buckup & Marques, 1991), C. triguttata (Keyserling, 1891), C. dea (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. digitus (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. taim (Buckup & Marques, 2006) e Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884), todas são transferidas de Achaearanea Strand, 1929. Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) é transferida para Henziectypus Archer, 1946.

Resumo

Longiperna Roewer, 1929 is revised and new records of distribution are presented for the Brazilian Costal Atlantic Rain Forest (from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina states). The following new synonymies are established: Longiperna concolor (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = L. zonata Mello-Leitão, 1935 and L. heliaca B. Soares, 1942; Longiperna coxalis (Roewer, 1943) = L. areolata B. Soares, 1944; Longiperna insperata (Soares & Soares, 1947) = L. paranensis Soares & Soares, 1947 and L. curitibana Kury, 2003. Two new species are described: Longiperna kuryi sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parati); Longiperna trembao sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte).

Resumo

The harvestmen subfamily Hernandariinae is reviewed and a new classification is proposed based on cladistic analysis using 67 morphological characters. The subfamily is composed of six genera and 23 species and occurs in south-southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. Fourteen new combinations are proposed: Hernandaria armatifrons (Roewer, 1917); H. una (Mello-Leitão, 1927); Acrogonyleptes granulatus (H. Soares, 1966); A. pectinifemur (Soares & Soares, 1947); Acanthogonyleptes alticola (Mello-Leitão, 1922); A. editus (Roewer, 1943); A. fallax (Mello-Leitão, 1932); A. fulvigranulatus (Mello-Leitão, 1922); A. marmoratus (Mello-Leitão, 1940); A. pictus (Piza, 1942); A. singularis (Mello-Leitão, 1935); A. soaresi (Mello-Leitão, 1944); A. variolosus (Mello-Leitão, 1944). Seven synonymies are proposed: Proweyhia Mello-Leitão, 1927 and Metaxundarava Mello-Leitão, 1927 = Hernandaria Sørensen, 1884; Apembolephaenus calcaratus Soares & Soares, 1945 = H. armatifrons (Roewer, 1917); Sphaerobunus Rower, 1917 and Paraproweyhia Soares & Soares, 1947 = Acrogonyleptes Roewer, 1917; Paraproweyhia curitibae Soares & Soares, 1947 = Acrogonyleptes exochus (Mello-Leitão, 1931); and Melloleitaniana curitibae B. Soares, 1943 = Acrogonyleptes spinifrons Roewer, 1917. Three species are revalidated: Acrogonyleptes granulatus (H. Soares, 1966), A. pectinifemur (Soares & Soares, 1947), and A. spinifrons Roewer, 1917. Seven new species are described: Hernandaria sundermannorum sp. nov. (São Paulo State, Brazil), Hernandaria anitagaribaldiae sp. nov. (Santa Catarina State, Brazil), Hernandaria zumbii sp. nov. (Santa Catarina State, Brazil), Hernandaria chicomendesi sp. nov. (Santa Catarina State, Brazil), Acrogonyleptes cheguevarai sp. nov. (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil), Pseudotrogulus pagu sp. nov. (São Paulo State, Brazil), Pseudotrogulus trotskyi sp. nov. (Paraná State, Brazil).

Resumo

Snakebites were registered in 10 riverside communities of the lower Purus River through interviews with the victims. Local inhabitants answered questions about their perception on ecological aspects of snakes species involved in snakebites. Snake size and bite height on the victim body were estimated with measuring tape. Correspondence of local names and scientific species were obtained by using descriptions and images of the snakes. Additional data on the number of families with snakebites victims were obtained from social-economic surveys for other 17 communities in the Piagaçu Purus Reserve. Eighteen people and 28 snakebites events were registered in five communities. The number of victims per community was not related to population's size. The number of families with victims was higher in larger communities (r²= 0.444; p= 0.003). Approximately 88% of snakebites were inflicted on the lower limbs of the victims. There was no relationship between estimated snake's size and the height of the bite. Most snakebites occurred at daytime (82.14%), and during the high rive period (64.28%) that coincides with the extraction of brazil nut and timber by the local people when they spend more time in the forest. Only one death due to snakebite was registered. The species Bothrops atrox was responsible for most of the accidents in the region. Snake's identification by local people revealed various synonymies, with 20 local names attributed to 33 species. In their perception, B. atrox and Lachesis muta were the most dangerous species and differ in attack behavior.

Acidentes ofídicos foram registrados em dez comunidades ribeirinhas do baixo rio Purus através de entrevista às vítimas. Os ribeirinhos responderam perguntas sobre a percepção ambiental da ecologia das serpentes envolvidas nos acidentes. O tamanho das serpentes e a altura da mordida no corpo foram estimados com fita métrica. A correspondência entre os nomes locais e científicos das serpentes foi levantada utilizando descrições e imagens das espécies. Para outras 17 comunidades dados adicionais do número de famílias com vítimas de acidentes ofídicos foram avaliados através do diagnóstico sócio-ambiental da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus. Foram entrevistados 18 ribeirinhos e registrados 28 acidentes ofídicos em cinco comunidades. O número de vítimas por comunidade não teve relação com o tamanho da população. O número de famílias com vítimas foi maior em comunidades maiores (r²= 0,444; p= 0,003). Aproximadamente 88% das mordidas foram nos membros inferiores. Não houve relação do tamanho estimado da serpente com a altura da mordida. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu de dia (82,14%) e no período de cheia (64,28%) na época de exploração da castanha-da-Amazônia e da madeira pelos ribeirinhos, atividades que despendem maior tempo na floresta. Um único caso de morte por acidente ofídico foi registrado. A serpente Bothrops atrox foi à espécie mais relacionada com acidentes na região. O reconhecimento das serpentes pelos ribeirinhos revelou várias sinonímias, com 20 nomes locais atribuídos a 33 espécies. Na percepção dos ribeirinhos as serpentes B. atrox e Lachesis muta foram às espécies mais temidas e diferem no comportamento de ataque.

Resumo

Relata-se o encontro de um exemplar macho da espécie Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927) com uma rara anomalia, apresentando oito espinhos em um gonóstilo e cinco no outro. Para essa espécie, o número de espinhos normalmente esperado em cada gonóstilo é quatro. O espécime foi capturado por meio de armadilha luminosa automática do tipo CDC, em área de mata da Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, em maio de 2004, no município de Rio Claro, Estado de São Paulo. Anomalia semelhante já foi relatada nessa espécie, sendo pela primeira vez encontrada bilateralmente. Tais achados podem causar confusão na identificação específica e levar à descrição de novas espécies, aumentando a lista de sinonímias do grupo.

This paper presents a male specimen of Sciopemyia sordellii with a rare bilateral anomaly, consisting in eight spines in a style and five in the other. This species has four spines in each style as its normal number. The specimen was captured using a CDC light trap, in a forested area in the State Park "Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade", in May 2004, located in the city of Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil. Similar anomaly was once described but this is the first specimen found with a bilateral alteration. It may cause confusion in taxonomic identification and even lead to description of new species, increasing the number of synonymies.

Resumo

Eight known species of Demidospermus (Dactylogyridae, Monogenea) were collected from siluriform fishes from reservoir of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Paraná, Brazil. Four of them are recorded for the first time in Brazil, enlarging their geographical distribution: Demidospermus armostus, Demidospermus anus, Demidospermus bidiverticulatum and Demidospermus valenciennesi. Demidospermus labrosi is synonymized with Demidospermus cornicinus and Demidospermus mandi with Demidospermus leptosynophallus and reported from two new hosts. Demidospermus paravalenciennesi and Demidospermus uncusvalidus were also collected.

Oito espécies de Demidospermus (Dactylogyridae, Monogenea) foram coletadas de peixes Siluriformes do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipú, Paraná, Brasil. Quatro dessas são registradas pela primeira vez no Brasil, aumentando sua distribuição geográfica: Demidospermus armostus, Demidospermus anus, Demidospermus bidiverticulatum e Demidospermus valenciennesi. Demidospermus labrosi é considerada sinônima de Demidospermus cornicinus e Demidospermus mandi sinônima de Demidospermus leptosynophallus e registradas em dois novos hospedeiros. Foram também coletados exemplates de Demidospermus paravalenciennesi e Demidospermus uncusvalidus.

Resumo

The taxonomic histort of the genus Capirona is presented. Complete synonymies, descriptions, common names, distributions and discussions are given for Capirona and its two species C. descorticans and C. leiophloea. The generic distribution is the Amazon valley and eastern Guianas and coincides with that of the genus Hevea. C. descorticans is know from the western and southeastern Amazon valley; C. leiophloea is reported from the eastern Guianas and the northeastern Amazon valley. The zone of contact between the two species is along the southern edge oh the Amazon River and the lower drainage of the Rio Tapajoz in Pará, Brazil.

Apresenta-se um histórico taxonômico do gênero Capirona, sinonímia completa, descrições, nomes vulgares e discussões referentes, tanto para o gênero, como para as duas espécies, C. decorticans e C. leiophloea. A distribuição geográfica do gênero abrange as bacias dos Rios Amazonas e Solimões, e coincide com a distribuição do gênero Hevea. Capirona decorticans é conhecida do oeste e do sudeste do Amazonas e C, leiophloea do leste das Guainas e do nordeste do Amazonas. A zona de contacto entre as duas espécies é a beira sul do Rio Amazonas e a parte baixa da bacia do Rio Tapajós no Estado do Pará, Brasil.