Carcinoma tubulopapilífero em porquinho-da- índia (Cavia porcellus): relato de caso / Tubulopapilliferous carcinoma in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): case report

Os roedores são pets comuns nas residências das pessoas, dentre os quais destacam-se o porquinho-da-índia, rato twister e a cobaia doméstica como animais de estimação populares na atualidade. Dentre as enfermidades que podem acometer esses animais estão as diferentes categorias de neoplasias, sobre as quais existem poucos estudos e relatos publicados. Tendo isso em mente, percebe-se a necessidade de incentivar pesquisas sobre o tema, visto que o estudo de neoplasias em roedores pode fornecer informações a respeito das causas e formas de tratamento do câncer não só para estes animais, mas também para outras espécies, incluindo seres humanos. Diante do cenário exposto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de carcinoma tubulopapilífero em um porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Sorocaba (HOVET/UNISO). Após a retirada cirúrgica da neoplasia o paciente recuperou bem e recebeu alta veterinária.

Rodents are common pets in people's homes, among which the guinea pig, twister rat and domestic guinea pig stand out as popular pets today. Among the diseases that can affect these animals are the different categories of neoplasms, on which there are few studies and published reports. With this in mind, there is a need to encourage research on the subject, since the study of neoplasms in rodents can provide information about the causes and forms of cancer treatment not only for these animals, but also for other species, including humans. In view of the above scenario, this article aims to report a case of tubulopapillary carcinoma in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Sorocaba (HOVET /UNISO). After surgical removal of the neoplasm, the patient recovered well and was discharged from the veterinary hospital.

Immunoexpression of metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and 2 (MMP-2) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue / Imunomarcação de metaloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) e 2 (MMP-2) e seus inibidores (TIMP-1) e (TIMP-2) no tecido mamário canino e neoplásico

The aim of this study was to perform the immunostaining of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and its inhibitors, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, on normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue in order to evaluate the behavior of these proteins in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in different neoplastic mammary types. Thus, 48 samples of canine mammary tissue were analyzed, 14 of which complex carcinomas, 13 tubulopapillary carcinomas, six single adenomas and 15 normal mammary tissue. There were differences in MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 according to mammary histomorphology, and MMP-9 presented increased immunoexpression in epithelial and stromal cells in tubulopapillary and complex carcinomas. TIMP-1 exhibited reduced immunostaining in the stromal cells of the complex carcinomas and TIMP-2 enhanced immunostaining in the epithelial cells of tubulopapillary carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in epithelial and stromal cells regarding immunostaining intensity and number of labeled cells in the normal breast. There was a positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in the epithelial cells of tubulopapillary carcinomas. It is concluded that balanced activity between MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 maintains normal canine mammary tissue homeostasis while increased immunoexpression of MMP-9 and TIMP-2 and reduced TIMP- 1 in carcinomas suggest a favorable condition for tumor evolution.

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a imunomarcação de MMP-9 e MMP-2 e seus inibidores, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2, no tecido mamário canino normal e neoplásico, a fim de avaliar o comportamento dessas proteínas no remodelamento da matriz extracelular (MEC) em diferentes tipos neoplásicos mamários. Foram analisadas 48 amostras de tecido mamário canino, sendo 14 carcinomas complexos, 13 carcinomas tubulopapilares, seis de adenomas simples e 15 mamas sem alterações. Houve diferença em MMP-9, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2 de acordo com a histomorfologia mamária, sendo que MMP-9 apresentou maior imunoexpressão em células epiteliais e estromais em carcinomas tubulopapilares e complexos. TIMP-1 exibiu menor imunomarcação nas células estromais dos carcinomas complexos e TIMP-2 maior imunomarcação nas células epiteliais dos carcinomas tubulopapilares. Houve correlação positiva entre MMP-9 e TIMP-1 nas células epiteliais e estromais quanto à intensidade de imunomarcação e número de células marcadas na mama normal. Houve correlação positiva entre MMP-9 e TIMP-2 nas células epiteliais dos carcinomas tubulopapilares. Conclui-se que a atividade equilibrada entre MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2 mantém a homeostase do tecido mamário canino normal enquanto a imunoexpressão aumentada de MMP-9 e TIMP-2 e a imunoexpressão reduzida de TIMP-1 nos carcinomas sugere condição propícia à evolução tumoral.

Immunoexpression of metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and 2 (MMP-2) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue / Imunomarcação de metaloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) e 2 (MMP-2) e seus inibidores (TIMP-1) e (TIMP-2) no tecido mamário canino e neoplásico

The aim of this study was to perform the immunostaining of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and its inhibitors, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, on normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue in order to evaluate the behavior of these proteins in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in different neoplastic mammary types. Thus, 48 samples of canine mammary tissue were analyzed, 14 of which complex carcinomas, 13 tubulopapillary carcinomas, six single adenomas and 15 normal mammary tissue. There were differences in MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 according to mammary histomorphology, and MMP-9 presented increased immunoexpression in epithelial and stromal cells in tubulopapillary and complex carcinomas. TIMP-1 exhibited reduced immunostaining in the stromal cells of the complex carcinomas and TIMP-2 enhanced immunostaining in the epithelial cells of tubulopapillary carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in epithelial and stromal cells regarding immunostaining intensity and number of labeled cells in the normal breast. There was a positive correlation between MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in the epithelial cells of tubulopapillary carcinomas. It is concluded that balanced activity between MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 maintains normal canine mammary tissue homeostasis while increased immunoexpression of MMP-9 and TIMP-2 and reduced TIMP- 1 in carcinomas suggest a favorable condition for tumor evolution.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a imunomarcação de MMP-9 e MMP-2 e seus inibidores, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2, no tecido mamário canino normal e neoplásico, a fim de avaliar o comportamento dessas proteínas no remodelamento da matriz extracelular (MEC) em diferentes tipos neoplásicos mamários. Foram analisadas 48 amostras de tecido mamário canino, sendo 14 carcinomas complexos, 13 carcinomas tubulopapilares, seis de adenomas simples e 15 mamas sem alterações. Houve diferença em MMP-9, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2 de acordo com a histomorfologia mamária, sendo que MMP-9 apresentou maior imunoexpressão em células epiteliais e estromais em carcinomas tubulopapilares e complexos. TIMP-1 exibiu menor imunomarcação nas células estromais dos carcinomas complexos e TIMP-2 maior imunomarcação nas células epiteliais dos carcinomas tubulopapilares. Houve correlação positiva entre MMP-9 e TIMP-1 nas células epiteliais e estromais quanto à intensidade de imunomarcação e número de células marcadas na mama normal. Houve correlação positiva entre MMP-9 e TIMP-2 nas células epiteliais dos carcinomas tubulopapilares. Conclui-se que a atividade equilibrada entre MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2 mantém a homeostase do tecido mamário canino normal enquanto a imunoexpressão aumentada de MMP-9 e TIMP-2 e a imunoexpressão reduzida de TIMP-1 nos carcinomas sugere condição propícia à evolução tumoral.(AU)

Tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in a mare

Background: Mammary gland neoplasia are often observed in bitches and cats, rarely in cows, goats, sheep, sows, andmares. Among the neoplasia that affect mares, breast tumors are rare, as they occur more frequently in older animals. Inhorses, mammary gland tumors occur more frequently in older animals. In this species there are reports of cases describingcarcinomas and adenocarcinomas and several subtypes. Mammary neoplasms in equines tend to be locally aggressive andpromote metastases to the regional lymph nodes and other organs, including the lungs, and may cause pleural effusion.The aim objective of the present case report was to describe the clinical-pathological and immunohistochemical findingsof a tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in mare.Case: Was received a biopsy of a tumor mass of the mammary gland of a 15-year-old Quarter Horse mare. According tothe veterinarian, the mare presented an increase in volume with ulceration of the mammary gland three months before thebiopsy. Macroscopically, the mass was firm to the cut with white surface measuring 12x12 cm. The fragment was fixedin 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, paraffin embedded, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, we observed proliferation of epithelial neoplastic cells arranged in tubules and papillary projections, somewith two to three layers of cells. Neoplastic cells had oval, moderate and distinct cytoplasm. The nuclei were roundedwith dense chromatin and an apparent nucleolus. There were two figures of mitosis per field of high magnification. Proliferation of neoplastic cells invaded adjacent tissues, and in lymph vessels of the region, neoplastic cells were observedas well as inflammation in adjacent tissue. In addition, the breast fragment was submitted to the immunohistochemistrytechnique using anti-pancytokeratin and anti-vimentin antibody. In immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin, there wasimmunoreactivity...

Tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in a mare

Background: Mammary gland neoplasia are often observed in bitches and cats, rarely in cows, goats, sheep, sows, andmares. Among the neoplasia that affect mares, breast tumors are rare, as they occur more frequently in older animals. Inhorses, mammary gland tumors occur more frequently in older animals. In this species there are reports of cases describingcarcinomas and adenocarcinomas and several subtypes. Mammary neoplasms in equines tend to be locally aggressive andpromote metastases to the regional lymph nodes and other organs, including the lungs, and may cause pleural effusion.The aim objective of the present case report was to describe the clinical-pathological and immunohistochemical findingsof a tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in mare.Case: Was received a biopsy of a tumor mass of the mammary gland of a 15-year-old Quarter Horse mare. According tothe veterinarian, the mare presented an increase in volume with ulceration of the mammary gland three months before thebiopsy. Macroscopically, the mass was firm to the cut with white surface measuring 12x12 cm. The fragment was fixedin 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, paraffin embedded, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, we observed proliferation of epithelial neoplastic cells arranged in tubules and papillary projections, somewith two to three layers of cells. Neoplastic cells had oval, moderate and distinct cytoplasm. The nuclei were roundedwith dense chromatin and an apparent nucleolus. There were two figures of mitosis per field of high magnification. Proliferation of neoplastic cells invaded adjacent tissues, and in lymph vessels of the region, neoplastic cells were observedas well as inflammation in adjacent tissue. In addition, the breast fragment was submitted to the immunohistochemistrytechnique using anti-pancytokeratin and anti-vimentin antibody. In immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin, there wasimmunoreactivity...(AU)

Tubulopapillary rectal adenocarcinoma in dog: clinical, surgical, pathological and immunophenotypical aspects: case report / Adenocarcinoma retal tubulopapilar em cão: descrição clínica, cirúrgica, anátomo-patológica e imunofenotípica: relato de caso

Intestinal carcinomas are rare in dogs. The prognosis and survival time are dependent of the histological type, the invasion of the intestinal wall by the malignant cells and the ability of primary neoplasm to produce metastasis. This study reports a case of a Yorkshire dog that developed a rectal tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma progressing to a peritoneal carcinomatosis and multiple metastasis in large intestines, bladder, kidney, iliac lymph node, liver and lungs, six months after transanal surgical resection of the primary rectal neoplasm. Clinical, surgical, pathological and immunophenotypic findings are described. COX-2 imunohistochemical score was higher in hepatic metastasis (score 9) than in the primary tumour (score 6), and the growth fraction (Ki-67) observed was of 49.2% in the rectal neoplasm.(AU)

Carcinomas intestinais são raros em cães. O prognóstico e a sobrevida são dependentes do tipo histológico, do grau de invasão nas camadas intestinais e da capacidade da neoformação primária em desenvolver metástases. Relata-se um caso de um cão, da raça Yorkshire, que desenvolveu adenocarcinoma tubulopapilar retal com evolução para carcinomatose peritoneal e múltiplos focos metastáticos no intestino grosso, na bexiga, no rim linfonodo ilíaco, no fígado e nos pulmões seis meses após ressecção cirúrgica da neoplasia primária. Aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos, anatomopatológicos e imunofenotípicos são descritos. O escore de COX-2 na imuno-histoquímica foi maior na metástase hepática (escore 9) do que na massa primária (escore 6), e a fração de crescimento (Ki-67) na neoplasia retal foi de 49,2%.(AU)

Tubulopapillary rectal adenocarcinoma in dog: clinical, surgical, pathological and immunophenotypical aspects: case report / Adenocarcinoma retal tubulopapilar em cão: descrição clínica, cirúrgica, anátomo-patológica e imunofenotípica: relato de caso

Intestinal carcinomas are rare in dogs. The prognosis and survival time are dependent of the histological type, the invasion of the intestinal wall by the malignant cells and the ability of primary neoplasm to produce metastasis. This study reports a case of a Yorkshire dog that developed a rectal tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma progressing to a peritoneal carcinomatosis and multiple metastasis in large intestines, bladder, kidney, iliac lymph node, liver and lungs, six months after transanal surgical resection of the primary rectal neoplasm. Clinical, surgical, pathological and immunophenotypic findings are described. COX-2 imunohistochemical score was higher in hepatic metastasis (score 9) than in the primary tumour (score 6), and the growth fraction (Ki-67) observed was of 49.2% in the rectal neoplasm.(AU)

Carcinomas intestinais são raros em cães. O prognóstico e a sobrevida são dependentes do tipo histológico, do grau de invasão nas camadas intestinais e da capacidade da neoformação primária em desenvolver metástases. Relata-se um caso de um cão, da raça Yorkshire, que desenvolveu adenocarcinoma tubulopapilar retal com evolução para carcinomatose peritoneal e múltiplos focos metastáticos no intestino grosso, na bexiga, no rim linfonodo ilíaco, no fígado e nos pulmões seis meses após ressecção cirúrgica da neoplasia primária. Aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos, anatomopatológicos e imunofenotípicos são descritos. O escore de COX-2 na imuno-histoquímica foi maior na metástase hepática (escore 9) do que na massa primária (escore 6), e a fração de crescimento (Ki-67) na neoplasia retal foi de 49,2%.(AU)

Carcinoma mamário com metástase pulmonar em tatu-peba (Eupharactus sexcinctus) / Breast carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis in armadillo (Eupharactus sexcinctus)

Background: Breast neoplasms are among the most common neoplastic conditions affecting domestic animals and are considered the most common type of cancer affecting women, bitches, and cats. However, there are few reports on breast neoplasms in wild animals, and there is no record of their occurrence in armadillos worldwide. Breast neoplasms are hormone-dependent neoplasms that often cause lymph node and pulmonary metastases. The diagnosis is based on the patients history, complete physical examination, and complementary tests. Here we report a case of mammary neoplasia with pulmonary metastasis in an armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus).Case: A senile female armadillo was referred to us for treatment with a history of hyporexia and nodules in both breasts. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a hypoechogenic nodular lesion with a cross-section of approximately 1.3 × 1.4 cm and well-defined borders. The lesion had a circumscribed aspect in the left mammary gland. In the right mammary gland, there was a heterogeneous lesion with cystic formations and anechoic content. Cytopathological examination of the nodules was performed by fine needle aspiration cytology and revealed the presence of epithelial cells with ovoid and aberrant nuclei, anisocariasis, binucleation, coarse chromatin, and a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio suggestive of carcinoma. The animal had a lean body score due to hyporexia that had evolved to anorexia and was undergoing supportive treatment. Nevertheless, the animal died two months after the cytologic diagnosis. A necropsy was performed. Cutting of the breast nodules revealed a hardened pale yellow material. The animal had pronounced pleural effusion, hemorrhage, and numerous pale yellow nodules of various sizes with firm consistency throughout the lung parenchyma. It also had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.[...](AU)

Carcinoma mamário com metástase pulmonar em tatu-peba (Eupharactus sexcinctus) / Breast carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis in armadillo (Eupharactus sexcinctus)

Background: Breast neoplasms are among the most common neoplastic conditions affecting domestic animals and are considered the most common type of cancer affecting women, bitches, and cats. However, there are few reports on breast neoplasms in wild animals, and there is no record of their occurrence in armadillos worldwide. Breast neoplasms are hormone-dependent neoplasms that often cause lymph node and pulmonary metastases. The diagnosis is based on the patient’s history, complete physical examination, and complementary tests. Here we report a case of mammary neoplasia with pulmonary metastasis in an armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus).Case: A senile female armadillo was referred to us for treatment with a history of hyporexia and nodules in both breasts. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a hypoechogenic nodular lesion with a cross-section of approximately 1.3 × 1.4 cm and well-defined borders. The lesion had a circumscribed aspect in the left mammary gland. In the right mammary gland, there was a heterogeneous lesion with cystic formations and anechoic content. Cytopathological examination of the nodules was performed by fine needle aspiration cytology and revealed the presence of epithelial cells with ovoid and aberrant nuclei, anisocariasis, binucleation, coarse chromatin, and a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio suggestive of carcinoma. The animal had a lean body score due to hyporexia that had evolved to anorexia and was undergoing supportive treatment. Nevertheless, the animal died two months after the cytologic diagnosis. A necropsy was performed. Cutting of the breast nodules revealed a hardened pale yellow material. The animal had pronounced pleural effusion, hemorrhage, and numerous pale yellow nodules of various sizes with firm consistency throughout the lung parenchyma. It also had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.[...]

Iliac lymphadenectomy following intrauterine mapping in a female dog with breast neoplasm

Background: The lymphatic system plays an important role in the local control of neoplasms as well as in the transportation of tumor cells, which represents the most common pathway of metastasis. From the tumorigenesis, there is a remarkable enlargement of the tumor drainage network towards the regional and target lymph nodes. Since the mammary lymphatic system of animals with neoplasms as well as the demarcation of the pelvic and abdominal caudal chain are poorly studied, the aim of the present study is to report a case of iliac lymphadenectomy after intrauterine lymphatic dyeing in a dog with breast neoplasm, which allowed the identification of metastasis in the medial iliac lymph node.Case: A 7-year-old, 13.4 kg, non neutered, mixed breed, female dog was diagnosed with ulcerative neoplasm in the left caudal abdominal breast, which presented evolution of approximately 90 days, presenting ulceration for 10 days, according to the tutor. After a clinical evaluation, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were requested, which did not present metastasis suggestive images. Therefore, left unilateral total mastectomy was indicated. Retro-umbilical celiotomy was performed for the administration of 0.5 mL of 1% intrauterine methylene blue (body of the uterus), which allowed lymphatic mapping and medial iliac lymphadenectomy. Subsequently, ovariohysterectomy was performed and after celiorrhaphy, axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, followed by left unilateral mastectomy and concomitant removal of the superficial inguinal lymph node. The patient had a prompt recovery and was discharged from hospital in six hours postoperatively. The excised material was referred for histopathological examination, which revealed the presence of metastasis of simple tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in the left medial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the axillary lymph node had no metastases.[...]

Iliac lymphadenectomy following intrauterine mapping in a female dog with breast neoplasm

Background: The lymphatic system plays an important role in the local control of neoplasms as well as in the transportation of tumor cells, which represents the most common pathway of metastasis. From the tumorigenesis, there is a remarkable enlargement of the tumor drainage network towards the regional and target lymph nodes. Since the mammary lymphatic system of animals with neoplasms as well as the demarcation of the pelvic and abdominal caudal chain are poorly studied, the aim of the present study is to report a case of iliac lymphadenectomy after intrauterine lymphatic dyeing in a dog with breast neoplasm, which allowed the identification of metastasis in the medial iliac lymph node.Case: A 7-year-old, 13.4 kg, non neutered, mixed breed, female dog was diagnosed with ulcerative neoplasm in the left caudal abdominal breast, which presented evolution of approximately 90 days, presenting ulceration for 10 days, according to the tutor. After a clinical evaluation, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were requested, which did not present metastasis suggestive images. Therefore, left unilateral total mastectomy was indicated. Retro-umbilical celiotomy was performed for the administration of 0.5 mL of 1% intrauterine methylene blue (body of the uterus), which allowed lymphatic mapping and medial iliac lymphadenectomy. Subsequently, ovariohysterectomy was performed and after celiorrhaphy, axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, followed by left unilateral mastectomy and concomitant removal of the superficial inguinal lymph node. The patient had a prompt recovery and was discharged from hospital in six hours postoperatively. The excised material was referred for histopathological examination, which revealed the presence of metastasis of simple tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in the left medial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the axillary lymph node had no metastases.[...](AU)

Renal cell carcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis in a mare / Carcinoma renal associado à carcinomatose peritoneal em uma égua

Renal cell carcinoma, especially with extensive involvement of peritoneal cavity, is rarely described in horses. This study described a case of renal cell carcinoma in an 8-year-old mare, which presented with an enlargement in the left flank, decreased appetite and straining to defecate. Clinically, a tumor in the left retroperitoneal space was detected by rectal examination and ultrasonography. The animal died after one month of clinical evolution. At necropsy, the left kidney was completely effaced by a 50cm in diameter, irregular, round, lobulated cystic mass with necro-hemorrhagic areas. Within the peritoneal cavity, there was severe hemoperitoneum and numerous sessile and pedunculated masses ranging from 2.0 to 15.0cm diameter that were attached to the visceral and parietal peritoneum. Histologically, the primary neoplasia and its metastasis were composed by a proliferation of epithelial cells, which were arranged in a tubulopapillary pattern. Diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis and hemoperitoneum was based on macroscopic aspects, and mainly on the histological features.

Carcinomas renais, principalmente aqueles com extenso envolvimento da cavidade peritoneal são raramente descritos na espécie equina. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um carcinoma renal com carcinomatose peritoneal em um equino, fêmea, de oito anos de idade, que apresentava aumento de volume no flanco esquerdo, hiporexia e dificuldade para defecar. Clinicamente, um tumor localizado no espaço retroperitoneal esquerdo foi detectado por meio de palpação retal e exame ultrassonográfico. Após um mês de evolução clínica, o animal veio a óbito. Macroscopicamente, o rim esquerdo estava completamente obliterado por uma massa de 50,0cm de diâmetro, irregular, lobulada e com áreas císticas e necro-hemorrágicas. Na cavidade peritoneal, havia hemoperitônio acentuado e inúmeras massas sésseis e pedunculadas, de 2,0 a 15,0cm de diâmetro, estavam aderidas às porções parietal e visceral do peritônio. Histologicamente, a neoplasia primária e suas metástases eram constituídas principalmente pela proliferação de células epiteliais, as quais formavam estruturas túbulo-papilares. O diagnóstico de carcinoma renal com carcinomatose peritoneal, associado a hemoperitônio foi baseado nos achados macroscópicos e, principalmente, histológicos da neoplasia.

Renal cell carcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis in a mare / Carcinoma renal associado à carcinomatose peritoneal em uma égua

Renal cell carcinoma, especially with extensive involvement of peritoneal cavity, is rarely described in horses. This study described a case of renal cell carcinoma in an 8-year-old mare, which presented with an enlargement in the left flank, decreased appetite and straining to defecate. Clinically, a tumor in the left retroperitoneal space was detected by rectal examination and ultrasonography. The animal died after one month of clinical evolution. At necropsy, the left kidney was completely effaced by a 50cm in diameter, irregular, round, lobulated cystic mass with necro-hemorrhagic areas. Within the peritoneal cavity, there was severe hemoperitoneum and numerous sessile and pedunculated masses ranging from 2.0 to 15.0cm diameter that were attached to the visceral and parietal peritoneum. Histologically, the primary neoplasia and its metastasis were composed by a proliferation of epithelial cells, which were arranged in a tubulopapillary pattern. Diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis and hemoperitoneum was based on macroscopic aspects, and mainly on the histological features.(AU)

Carcinomas renais, principalmente aqueles com extenso envolvimento da cavidade peritoneal são raramente descritos na espécie equina. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um carcinoma renal com carcinomatose peritoneal em um equino, fêmea, de oito anos de idade, que apresentava aumento de volume no flanco esquerdo, hiporexia e dificuldade para defecar. Clinicamente, um tumor localizado no espaço retroperitoneal esquerdo foi detectado por meio de palpação retal e exame ultrassonográfico. Após um mês de evolução clínica, o animal veio a óbito. Macroscopicamente, o rim esquerdo estava completamente obliterado por uma massa de 50,0cm de diâmetro, irregular, lobulada e com áreas císticas e necro-hemorrágicas. Na cavidade peritoneal, havia hemoperitônio acentuado e inúmeras massas sésseis e pedunculadas, de 2,0 a 15,0cm de diâmetro, estavam aderidas às porções parietal e visceral do peritônio. Histologicamente, a neoplasia primária e suas metástases eram constituídas principalmente pela proliferação de células epiteliais, as quais formavam estruturas túbulo-papilares. O diagnóstico de carcinoma renal com carcinomatose peritoneal, associado a hemoperitônio foi baseado nos achados macroscópicos e, principalmente, histológicos da neoplasia.(AU)

AVALIAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA DO NÚCLEO DE CÉLULAS NEOPLÁSICAS MAMÁRIAS MALIGNAS DE CADELAS

O estudo da morfologia celular bem como a mensuração nuclear, têm apresentado importância na avaliação histopatológica no câncer de mama em cadelas assim como em mulheres. Haja vista que um dos parâmetros para avaliação do grau de malignidade das neoplasias é o pleomorfismo nuclear. A avaliação da morfometria nuclear pode ser feita com auxílio de softwares de bioimagem, facilitando a análise de maiores números de casos, reduzindo a subjetividade entre observadores por apresentarem valores quantitativos, de baixo custo e fácil utilização. Objetivo: realizar morfometria nuclear em neoplasias malignas de mama em cadelas e verificar a aplicabilidade da coloração de Feulgen nesta análise. Material e métodos: para as análises nucleares, fotomicrografias provenientes de lâminas de câncer de mama de cadelas, foram capturadas (aumento 400X), utilizando um microscópio com câmera acoplada (Leica® DMC 2900) e o software ImageJ (NIH Image 1.52d) para obtenção dos parâmetros nucleares: área, perímetro, Feret e circularidade. Resultados: Os carcinomas sólidos apresentaram maior área média (85.40µm2 ± 0.3159) e perímetro médio (48.33µm2 ± 0.1217), quando comparados com o carcinoma tubulopapilar e complexo (P<0,0001). Assim, maiores medidas nucleares podem ser associadas a neoplasias malignas de maior grau de malignidade.

The study of cell morphology, as well as nuclear measurement, is important in the histopathological evaluation of breast cancer in female dogs, as well as in women. Bearing in mind that one of the parameters for assessing the degree of malignancy of neoplasms is nuclear pleomorphism. An evaluation of nuclear morphometry can be done with the help of bioimaging software, facilitating the analysis of larger numbers of cases, using subjectivity among observers for quantitative values, low and easy to use. Objective: perform nuclear morphometry in malignant breast neoplasms in female dogs and verify the applicability of Feulgen stain in this analysis. Material and methods: for nuclear analysis, photomicrographs of bitches' breast cancer slides, screen capture (400X magnification), use of a microscope with coupling camera (Leica® DMC 2900) and the ImageJ software (NIH Image 1.52d) to display the nuclear parameters: area, perimeter, Feret and circularity. Results: Carcinomas had the highest mean (85.40µm2 ± 0.3159) and the average perimeter (48.33µm2 ± 0.1217), when compared to complex and tubulopapillary carcinoma (P <0.0001). Thus, the largest nuclear measures can be associated with malignant neoplasms with a higher degree of malignancy.

NEOPLASIAS EM ANIMAIS DE PRODUÇÃO, DIAGNOSTICADAS NO SETOR DE ANATOMIA PATOLÓGICA DA UFRRJ, NO PERÍODO DE 1947 A 2019.

O estudo das neoplasias em animais de produção é de extrema importância, uma vez que a sanidade animal é considerada fator limitante no desenvolvimento da produção animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as neoplasias de bovinos, ovinos, caprinos, bubalinos, equinos, suínos, coelhos e galinhas, diagnosticadas no Setor de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (SAP/UFRRJ), durante um período de 72 anos de serviços de extensão (1947-2019). As ferramentas utilizadas para a confirmação e ou conclusão dos diagnósticos incluiu sinais clínicos, descrição macroscópica das lesões e exameshistológicos. Como auxílio utilizaram-se, em alguns casos, a imunohistoquímica e em um diagnóstico a microscopia eletrônica. Este estudo foi dividido em três capítulos: no capítulo I descreve-se 839 neoplasias em animais de produção, de acordo com o diagnóstico anatomopatológico relacionado à espécie afetada e ao sistema orgânico no qual a neoplasia se desenvolveu. Os bovinos apresentaram o maior número de diagnósticos (41,2%), seguido das galinhas (36,7%) equinos (13%), suínos (2,9%), coelhos (2,9%), bubalinos (1,6%), caprinos (1,6%) e ovino (0,1%). O carcinoma epidermoide foi a principal neoplasia diagnosticada em bovinos (37,6%), em caprinos (69,2%); na espécie ovina apenas um caso de neoplasia foi diagnosticado no período do estudo. As neoplasias do sistema hematopoiético destacaram-se nas galinhas, devido à alta frequência da leucose aviária (linfoide e mieloide) com 74,7%. Sarcoide equino e melanoma foram as duas neoplasias com maior frequência nos equinos, com 23,8% e 14,7%, respectivamente. Melanoma também foi destaque nos suínos com 58,3% e o sistema tegumentar apresentou a maior frequência de tumores em coelhos (37,7%). No capítulo II foram aprofundadas as descrições de 12 diagnósticos de neoplasias de bubalinos, a partir de amostras provenientes do estado do Pará. Desses 12, quatro casos foram diagnosticados como linfoma, dois como carcinoma epidermoide de pele, dois feocromocitomas , ambos metastáticos para órgãos abdominais e um caso de cada uma das seguintes neoplasias: neurofibroma na pele, leiomioma uterino, tecoma ovariano (estes dois últimos na mesma fêmea), e osteocondrossarcoma na cavidade nasal unilateral. O capítulo III versa sobre uma série de casos de mesoteliomas epitelioides malignos, do tipo tubulopapilar, em quatro vacas Red Sindi de 15 a 21 anos, do mesmo rebanho. Além dos sinais clínicos, macro e microscopia típica de mesotelioma, as células neoplásicas apresentaram forte e difusa imunomarcação citoplasmática para pan-citoqueratina, mas foram negativas para citoqueratina 7 e vimentina. Ultraestruturalmente, as células neoplásicas tinham microvilosidades delicadas e junções estreitas e de ancoragem.

The study of neoplasms in farm animals is extremely important, since animal health is considered a limiting factor in the development of animal production. The objective of this work was to study the neoplasms of cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, horses, pigs, rabbits and chickens, diagnosed in the Pathological Anatomy Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (SAP / UFRRJ), during a period of 72 years of extension services (1947-2019). The tools used for the confirmation and / or conclusion of the diagnoses included clinical signs, macroscopic description of the lesions and histological exams. In some cases, immunohistochemistry was used as an aid and electron microscopy was used in a diagnosis. This study was divided into three chapters: chapter I describes 839 neoplasms in farm animals, according to the anatomopathological diagnosis related to the affected species and the organic system in which the neoplasia developed. The cattle showed the highest number of diagnoses (41.2%), followed by the hens (36.7%), horses (13%), swine (2.9%), rabbits (2.9%), buffaloes (1, 6%), goats (1.6%) and sheep (0.1%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the main cancer diagnosed in cattle (37.6%), in goats (69.2%); in the sheep species, only one case of neoplasia was diagnosed during the study period. Neoplasms of the hematopoietic system stood out in chickens, due to the high frequency of avian leukosis (lymphoid and myeloid) with 74.7%. Equine sarcoid and melanoma were the two most common neoplasms in horses, with 23.8% and 14.7%, respectively. Melanoma was also highlighted in swine with 58.3% and the integumentary system showed the highest frequency of tumors in rabbits (37.7%). In chapter II, the descriptions of 12 diagnoses of neoplasms of buffaloes were deepened, based on samples from the state of Pará. Of these 12, four cases were diagnosed as lymphoma, two as skin squamous cell carcinoma, two pheochromocytomas, both metastatic to abdominal organs. and one case of each of the following neoplasms: neurofibroma in the skin, uterine leiomyoma, ovarian tecoma (the latter two in the same female), and osteochondrosarcoma in the unilateral nasal cavity. Chapter III deals with a series of cases of malignant epithelioid mesotheliomas, of the tubulopapillary type, in four Red Sindi cows aged 15 to 21 years, from the same herd. In addition to clinical signs, macro and microscopy typical of mesothelioma, neoplastic cells showed strong and diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining for pan-cytokeratin, but were negative for cytokeratin 7 and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells had delicate microvilli and narrow, anchoring junctions.

Estudo retrospectivo das neoplasias mamárias caninas em Fortaleza e região metropolitana de 2003 a 2011 / Retrospective study of canine mammary neoplasia in Fortaleza and metropolitan area from 2003 to 2011

Mammary neoplasms play a key role in veterinary medicine and over the years has kept the attention of researchers. This report describes these neoplasms’ occurrence according to age and breed of affected animals from 2003 to 2011 in Fortaleza and Metropolitan Area, Northeastern Brazil. A total of 336 samples were obtained. The median age was 8.6 years. Over a nine-year survey there was no male mammary tumors included. Only females comprised our data. The most affected dog breeds were Poodles (n=118; 35,11%) and Crossbreeds (n=50; 14,88%), the majority of them stricken with malignant neoplasms comprising: Mixed tumor carcinoma (51,69%), Infiltrative Ductal Carcinoma (15,73%), Tubulopapillary Carcinoma (12,36%) and Tubular Carcinoma (7,87%). The most common benign tumors were: Benign Mixed Tumor (59,49%), Complex Adenoma (18,99%) and Adenoma-Simple (8,23%).

Neoplasias mamárias em cães apresentam uma significativa importância em medicina veterinária e tem sido muito investigadas. Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência dessas neoplasias relacionadas a faixa etária e raça dos animais entre os anos de 2003 e 2011 em Fortaleza e Região Metropolitana. Um total de 336 amostras foram obtidas. Ao longo dos 9 anos de levantamento somente cadelas apresentaram neoplasias mamárias nessa região, com uma idade média de 8,6 anos. Não houve casos em machos durante o período supracitado. Em relação as raças podemos listar a Poodle (n=118; 35,11%) e SRD (n=50; 14,88%) como as mais comuns. Embora haja variação entre o comportamento observado das neoplasias, a maior parte dos tumores diagnosticados foram malignos e compreenderam: Carcinoma em Tumor Misto (51,69%), Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante (15,73%), Carcinoma Túbulo-Papilífero (12,36%) e Carcinoma Tubular (7,87%). Entre os tumores benignos os mais comuns foram: Tumor Misto Benigno (59,49%), Adenoma Complexo (18,99%) e o Adenoma Simples (8,23%).

Estudo retrospectivo das neoplasias mamárias caninas em Fortaleza e região metropolitana de 2003 a 2011 / Retrospective study of canine mammary neoplasia in Fortaleza and metropolitan area from 2003 to 2011

Mammary neoplasms play a key role in veterinary medicine and over the years has kept the attention of researchers. This report describes these neoplasms occurrence according to age and breed of affected animals from 2003 to 2011 in Fortaleza and Metropolitan Area, Northeastern Brazil. A total of 336 samples were obtained. The median age was 8.6 years. Over a nine-year survey there was no male mammary tumors included. Only females comprised our data. The most affected dog breeds were Poodles (n=118; 35,11%) and Crossbreeds (n=50; 14,88%), the majority of them stricken with malignant neoplasms comprising: Mixed tumor carcinoma (51,69%), Infiltrative Ductal Carcinoma (15,73%), Tubulopapillary Carcinoma (12,36%) and Tubular Carcinoma (7,87%). The most common benign tumors were: Benign Mixed Tumor (59,49%), Complex Adenoma (18,99%) and Adenoma-Simple (8,23%).(AU)

Neoplasias mamárias em cães apresentam uma significativa importância em medicina veterinária e tem sido muito investigadas. Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência dessas neoplasias relacionadas a faixa etária e raça dos animais entre os anos de 2003 e 2011 em Fortaleza e Região Metropolitana. Um total de 336 amostras foram obtidas. Ao longo dos 9 anos de levantamento somente cadelas apresentaram neoplasias mamárias nessa região, com uma idade média de 8,6 anos. Não houve casos em machos durante o período supracitado. Em relação as raças podemos listar a Poodle (n=118; 35,11%) e SRD (n=50; 14,88%) como as mais comuns. Embora haja variação entre o comportamento observado das neoplasias, a maior parte dos tumores diagnosticados foram malignos e compreenderam: Carcinoma em Tumor Misto (51,69%), Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante (15,73%), Carcinoma Túbulo-Papilífero (12,36%) e Carcinoma Tubular (7,87%). Entre os tumores benignos os mais comuns foram: Tumor Misto Benigno (59,49%), Adenoma Complexo (18,99%) e o Adenoma Simples (8,23%).(AU)

Caracterização clínico-patológica das neoplasias mamárias em gatas

As neoplasias mamárias são alterações proliferativas que mais acometem mulheres, cadelas e gatas e são responsáveis pela morte de centenas de indivíduos em todo o mundo. Dentre as formas de diagnóstico, o exame histopatológico é considerado o padrão-ouro, sendo possível apreciar além da arquitetura histológica, o grau de invasividade da neoplasia, o índice mitótico e outros fatores como a presença de necrose. Podem ainda complementar o diagnóstico a pesquisa de marcadores biológicos no tecido neoplásico e no sangue das pacientes. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo fazer a caracterização clínico-patológica e a pesquisa de Ciclo-oxigenase 2 (COX-2), do Antígeno Carcinoembrionário (CEA) e do Antígeno do Câncer 15.3 (CA15.3) em gatas com neoplasias mamárias. Para cada animal foram coletadas informações por meio de questionário investigativo e amostras de sangue para dosagem sérica de CEA e CA15.3. As amostras provenientes de mastectomia foram fixadas em formol 10% tamponado e processadas a partir da técnica histopatológica com impregnação em parafina e coloração em Hematoxila e Eosina. Sendo então realizada a classificação e graduação histopatológica das lesões. Para realização da técnica de imunohistoquímica a recuperação antigênica foi conseguida em panela de pressão, com posterior incubação com anticorpo primário monoclonal anti-Cox 2 (clone SP21, ThermoFisher), na diluição de 1:80 e amplificação a partir do polímero marcado com a enzima Horseradish Peroxidase (EnVision+ Dual Link System-HRP). Para quantificação do CA 15.3 e CEA a partir do soro das gatas foram utilizados os testes ELISA IBL humano e ELISA CanAg CEA EIA humano, respectivamente, que consistem em ensaios não competitivos de fase sólida baseados na técnica direta de sanduíche. Desse modo, foram analisados 81 tumores mamários provenientes de 52 gatas. Metade dos animais tinham entre oito a 12 anos e 94,23% não tinham raça definida. Em 55,77% dos casos os tutores afirmaram já ter feito pelo menos um aplicação de anticoncepcional, destas 79,31% desenvolveram neoplasias malignas. No momento do procedimento cirúrgico, 60% das gatas já estavam em estadiamento clínico grau III, em alguns casos com metástase em linfonodo regional. As neoplasias malignas corresponderam a 82,71%, sendo os tipos cribriforme, tubulopapilar e tubular os mais frequentes, estando a maioria deles no grau histopatológico II (83,58%). De modo geral, os carcinomas mamários são os mais frequentes nas gatas, sendo verificada baixa imunomarcação para Cox-2 e para a concentração de CEA e CA15.3. Porém, a detecção da Cox-2 nos fragmentos de tumores mamários em gatas, não teve relação direta com o prognóstico. Os testes para os marcadores CA 15.3 e CEA, quando realizados a partir de kits para humanos, não devem ser utilizados como indicadores para detecção de neoplasias mamários em gatas, devido à baixa sensibilidade e ou especificidade do teste.

Breast neoplasms are proliferative changes that affect women, bitches and cats the most, and are responsible for the deaths of hundreds of individuals around the world. Among the forms of diagnosis, the histopathological examination is considered the gold standard, and it is possible to appreciate besides the histological architecture, the degree of invasiveness of the neoplasia, the mitotic index and other factors such as the presence of necrosis. Biological markers in the neoplastic tissue and in the patients' blood may also complement the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and pathological characterization and investigation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Cancer Antigen 15.3 (CA15.3) in cats with breast neoplasias . For each animal, information was collected by means of an investigative questionnaire and blood samples for serum levels of CEA and CA15.3. Samples from mastectomy were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed from the histopathological technique with paraffin impregnation and staining in Hematoxyl and Eosin. The classification and histopathological classification of the lesions were then performed. For the immunohistochemical technique the antigenic recovery was achieved in a pressure cooker, with subsequent incubation with anti-Cox 2 monoclonal primary antibody (clone SP21, ThermoFisher), at the dilution of 1:80 and amplification from the polymer labeled with the enzyme Horseradish Peroxidase (EnVision + Dual Link System-HRP). Quantification of CA 15.3 and CEA from human calves was performed using ELISA human IBL ELISA and CanAg CEA human EIA ELISA, respectively, consisting of non-competitive solid phase assays based on the direct sandwich technique. Thus, 81 breast tumors from 52 cats were analyzed. Half of the animals were between eight and 12 years old and 94.23% had no defined breed. In 55.77% of the cases, the tutors stated that they had already done at least one contraceptive application, of which 79.31% developed malignant neoplasms. At the time of the surgical procedure, 60% of the cats were already in stage III clinical staging, in some cases with regional lymph node metastasis. Malignant neoplasms corresponded to 82.71%, with cribriform, tubulopapillary and tubular types being the most frequent, most of them in histopathological grade II (83.58%). In general, mammary carcinomas are the most frequent in the cats, with low immunolabeling for Cox-2 and for the concentration of CEA and CA15.3. However, the detection of Cox-2 in fragments of mammary tumors in cats was not directly related to the prognosis. The tests for CA 15.3 and CEA markers, when performed from human kits, should not be used as indicators for detection of breast neoplasms in cats due to the low sensitivity and / or specificity of the test.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E HISTOMORFOLÓGICA DE ALTERAÇÕES MAMÁRIAS CANINAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE GOIÂNIA-GO

As neoplasias mamárias são as doenças que mais acometem cadelas. A estimativa mundial dessas neoplasias em cadelas é de 1 milhão de novos casos por ano, no Brasil as neoplasias malignas correspondem até 90% das alterações mamárias diagnosticadas. Estudos epidemiológicos nesse cenário são escassos, em especial no estado de Goiás. Os resultados de estudos epidemiológicos de alterações mamárias em cães possuem variações, tanto no mundo quando nos estados brasileiros, o que pode ser influenciado por diversos fatores, dentre eles a peculiaridades dos animais inerentes a cada região geográfica estudada. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desse estudo foi determinar o perfil epidemiológico e histomorfológico de alterações mamárias neoplásicas e não neoplásicas de cães, no que diz respeito ao sexo, raça e idade no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2018. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foram analisados 6.660 laudos de biopsias de animais, encaminhadas a um serviço de diagnóstico histopatológico de Goiânia no intervalo proposto. Os laudos foram separados de acordo com a espécie e diagnóstico, observando um predomínio de cães, o que pode ser justificado pelo fato do Brasil ser o segundo país no mundo com maior população canina, Centro-oeste a segunda região com maior número de residências com cães. Posteriormente, foram avaliados 1.515 laudos de alterações mamárias de cães, fêmeas e machos, com idade entre zero e 20 anos, um número considerável e que também e visto em outras regiões do país. O número de alterações mamárias aumentou ao longo dos anos analisados, acometendo principalmente fêmeas (99,41%). As neoplasias malignas representaram a maioria das alterações mamárias (70,17%), acometendo principalmente cães entre nove e 12 anos de idade (p <0,0001) e sem raça definida (p < 0,0001). A maioria das neoplasias eram de origem epitelial, tanto em neoplasias malignas quando benignas. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes de neoplasias, malignas e benignas, e lesões não neoplásicas foram de carcinoma túbulo-papilar (p 0,0385), adenoma complexo (p 0,0031) e hiperplasia lobular (p 0,0146), respectivamente. Em relação a graduação histopatológica, dos 675 diagnósticos de neoplasias malignas analisados (2015 a 2018), a maioria apresentava tinha grau I (p < 0,0001), característico de neoplasias malignas bem diferenciadas. Os resultados nessa região diferem de outras regiões brasileiras pelo elevado número de diagnósticos de neoplasias mamárias (33,16%) quando comparado as demais neoplasias e as neoplasias, na maioria dos casos, são malignas.

Breast neoplasms are the diseases that most affect bitches. The global estimate of these neoplasias in bitches is 1 million new cases per year; in Brazil malignant neoplasms correspond to up to 90% of the diagnosed breast changes. Epidemiological studies in this scenario are scarce, especially in the state of Goiás. The results of epidemiological studies of mammary alterations in dogs have variations, both in the world and in the Brazilian states, which can be influenced by several factors, among them the peculiarities of the animals inherent to each geographic region studied. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of neoplastic and non-neoplastic mammary alterations of dogs, regarding the sex, breed and age of the dogs affected by these diseases, besides analyzing the histopathological and histopathological graduation of the neoplasias malignant lesions of the mammary gland from January 2011 to December 2018. In order to reach the proposed objectives, 6,660 animal biopsy reports were analyzed, sent to a histopathological diagnosis service in Goiânia at the proposed interval. The reports were separated according to the species and diagnosis, observing a predominance of dogs, which can be justified by the fact that Brazil is the second country in the world with the largest canine population, Central West, the second region with the highest number of residences with dogs. Subsequently, 1,515 reports of mammary alterations of dogs, females and males, with ages ranging from zero to 20 years were evaluated, a considerable number that is also seen in other regions of the country. The number of breast changes increased over the analyzed years, affecting mainly females (99.41%). Malignancies represented the majority of mammary alterations (70.17%), affecting mainly dogs between nine and 12 years of age (p <0.0001) and without a defined breed (p <0.0001). Most neoplasms were of epithelial origin, both in malignant and benign neoplasms. The most frequent diagnoses of neoplasms, malignant and benign, and non-neoplastic lesions were tubulo-papillary carcinoma (p 0.0385), complex adenoma (p 0.0031) and lobular hyperplasia (p 0.0146), respectively. Regarding the histopathological classification, of the 675 diagnoses of malignant neoplasias analyzed (2015 to 2018), the majority had grade I (p <0.0001), characteristic of well differentiated malignancies. The results in this region differ from other Brazilian regions due to the high number of diagnoses of breast neoplasms (33.16%) when compared to the other neoplasias, the neoplasias, in the majority of cases, are malignant.

EXPRESSÃO DE GENES REGULADORES DO CICLO CELULAR E APOPTOSE EM EXPLANTES DE TUMORES MAMÁRIOS DE FÊMEAS CANINAS TRATADOS COM DIFERENTES ISÔMEROS DE ÁCIDO LINOLEICO CONJUGADO

O CLA cis-9, trans-11 é considerado um agente anticarcinogênico em determinados tipos de câncer através da inibição da proliferação celular e por induzir a apoptose das células tumorais. Objetivou-se com este estudo analisar a expressão de genes responsáveis pela regulação do ciclo celular e apoptose em explantes tumorais de glândula mamária de cadelas, cultivados com os isômeros cis-9, trans-11 e trans-10, cis-12do ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA). Os explantes dos tumores (Tumor I: carcinoma anaplásico de mama e Tumor II: carcninoma tubulopapilar), foram obtidos de duas cadelas, adultas, provenientes de cirurgias de mastectomia da rotina do Hospital Veterinário do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias.Os explantes foram cultivados por 24h com os seguintes tratamentos: a) 75Mol/L cis-9, trans-11 CLA; b) 75 Mol/L trans-10, cis-12 CLA e; c) Controle: Meio de cultivo + albumina sérica bovina (BSA). Posteriormente foi extraído o RNA total, sintetizado o DNA complementar (cDNA) e realizada a análise quantitativa da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-qPCR). Os dados foram analisados pelo programa estatístico SAS, utilizando o procedimento MIXED. O tratamento CLA trans-10, cis-12, quando comparado ao controle, aumentou a expressão do gene que codifica a proteína quinase CDK1 em ambos os tumores e o tratamento CLA cis-9, trans-11aumentou em 110%quando comparado ao controle a expressão gênica do gene que codifica a proteína pró-apoptótica BAX no tumor II (P=0,0001). Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a expressão do gene anti-apoptótico Bcl-2 em ambos os tumores (P=0,3, tumor I;e P=0,2 tumor II).O CLA cis-9, trans-11 estimula a apoptose no carcinoma tubulopapilar e o CLA trans-10, cis-12 estimula a progressão do ciclo celular no carcinoma anaplásico de mama e no carcinoma tubulopapilar.

The cis-9, trans-11 CLA is an anticarcinogenic in some types of cancer by inhibiting the cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. The objective of this study was to measure the expression of genes responsible for cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in mammary tumor explants of female canine cultured with cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA). Tumor mammary explants (Tumor I: anaplastic breast carcinoma and Tumor II: tubulopapillary carcinoma) were obtained from two adult female canine from the routine mastectomy surgeries at the Veterinary Hospital of the Agroveterinary Sciences Center. The explants were cultured for 24h with the following treatments: a) 75 mol/L cis-9, trans-11 CLA; b) 75 Mol/L trans-10, cis-12 CLA and; c) Control (Culture medium + BSA). Subsequently, total RNA was extracted, complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized and carried out the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-qPCR). The data were analyzed using the SAS software with the MIXED procedure. The trans-10, cis-12 CLA treatment, when compared to control, increased the expression of the gene that encodes the CDK1 protein kinase in both tumors. Thecis-9, trans-11 CLA treatment increased by 110% when compared to the control, the expression of the gene encoding the pro-apoptotic BAX protein in tumor II (P=0.0001). There was no effect of the treatments on the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene in both tumors (P=0.3), tumor I, and P=0.2 tumor II). The cis-9, trans-11 CLA stimulates apoptosis in tubulopapillary carcinoma and the trans-10, cis-12 CLA stimulates tumor cell cycle progression in anaplastic breast carcinoma and tubulopapillary carcinoma.