Characterization of uterine involution using B-mode ultrasonography, color Doppler and elastography (acoustic radiation force impulse) for assessing postpartum in Santa Inês ewes

The aim of this study was to investigate uterine involution using ultrasonography techniques during postpartum. Postpartum ultrasonography evaluation (B-mode, color Doppler and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse elastography) of the uterus was performed by transabdominal approach at immediate after birth and sequentially every 48 hours, during 30 days. The uterine echotexture did not present significant variations (P >0.05) being homogeneous in most evaluations; echogenicity of the uterus increased along the evaluation period (P =0.0452). Progressive and remarkable decrease of the total uterine diameter (UD) were observed (P <0.0001), especially during the first days postpartum. The thickness of uterine wall gradually decreased, as well the endometrial, myometrium and lumen diameters (P <0.0001). Uterine blood flow was assessed by Doppler and decreased during postpartum period, being significantly lower (P=0.0225) on the 30th day of postpartum. Uterine parenchyma presented as homogeneous dark areas (not deformable) on qualitative ultrasound elastography and the means shear velocity values of the uterine wall on quantitative elastography did not differ. This is the first study that evaluate the stiffness of uterine wall in healthy ewes, providing baseline data about quantitative and qualitative stiffness of the normal uterus, and it may be a useful tool for early diagnosis of uterine alterations during the postpartum period, using the reference parameter established for the assessment of uterine integrity during postpartum period.(AU)

Ultrasound measurements of uterine height, horns diameter and presence of intraluminal fluid to investigate uterine involution in lactating sows housed in farrowing crates

The uterine involution of sows housed in farrowing crates was investigated during lactation using B-mode trans-abdominal ultrasonography. The objectives were to describe uterine involution, detect any delay or uterine disorders and assess possible associations between involution and subsequent reproductive performance. Three parameters were measured: uterine height (H), horns diameter (D) and the percentage of sows with intraluminal fluid (F). During lactation (3-4 weeks), H decreased from 11.0±1.6 the first week to 5.9±1.5 cm the last week (p<0.001), and D from 2.6±0.7 to 1.4±0.2 cm (p<0.001). Between days 1-7, H and D decreased significantly faster, i.e. respectively 0.38 cm (p<0.0001) and 0.20 cm (p<0.0001) per day than between days 22-28, i.e. respectively 0.02 cm (p=0.49) and 0.00 cm (p=0.75) per day. F decreased significantly (p<0.0001) from 78% at the beginning to 16% at the end of lactation. Between days 1-7, F decreased significantly (p<0.001) faster than during the last week of lactation (p=0.41). Between days 22-28, H of sows from parity ≥3 were significantly higher than those of sows from parity 1 and 2 (p=0.007). During that period, F was significantly higher in sows of higher parity. This effect of parity on F was significantly higher during the entire lactation period in sows of parity ≥6. Some sows were monitored after weaning. There was no significant relationship between the 3 parameters measured at the end of lactation and the subsequent performance. A small number of sows was suspected of endometritis (2%) and one case of fœtoplacental retention was detected. In conclusion, B-mode ultrasonography is a suitable tool to monitor uterine involution in lactating sows. When examination is conducted during the last week of lactation, it may help the farmer to verify whether uterine involution is complete, and to decide whether a sow should be either culled or maintained on farm.(AU)

Achado acidental de mumificação fetal em cadela cardiopata / Accidental finding of mummified fetus in bitch with cardiac disease

A mumificação fetal é um processo que ocorre após a morte do feto, que já tem mineralização da matriz óssea do esqueleto. O mecanismo exato deste fenômeno não é totalmente conhecido, entretanto, sabe-se que após a morte fetal ocorre rápida absorção dos fluidos uterinos e fetais juntamente com a involução uterina. As membranas fetais e placentárias desidratadas aderem ao feto formando uma massa seca e dura. Apesar de ser considerada incomum, já foi descrita em várias espécies de animais. É de rara ocorrência em cadelas e gatas. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar o diagnóstico acidental de mumificação fetal em uma cadela com sinais de alteração cardíaca. Uma cadela de 11 anos apresentando sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva foi submetida a radiografia torácica para avaliação da cardiopatia. No exame radiográfico foi observado acidentalmente a presença de um feto mumificado na cavidade abdominal cranial direita. A paciente foi submetida ao tratamento clínico para estabilização e controle dos sinais e apresentou, posteriormente, uma rápida recuperação clínica. O animal não apresentava sinais ou complicações decorrentes da mumificação fetal. Visto isso e para não a submeter aos riscos cirúrgicos, a tutora optou por não realizar o procedimento cirúrgico para retirada do feto. O presente relato descreve um caso clínico atípico de mumificação em cadela, pois não houve procedimento terapêutico específico e isso não interferiu com a boa qualidade de vida da paciente.

Fetal mummification occurs after the death of the fetus, which already has mineralization the skeleton bone matrix. The exact mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully understood; however, it is known that after fetal death a fast absorption of uterine and fetal fluids take place along with uterine involution. Dehydrated fetal and placental membranes adhere to the fetus forming a dry, hard mass. Although considered unusual, it has been described in various species of animals. It is rare in dogs and cats. The purpose of this paper was to report the accidental diagnosis of fetal mummification in a bitch with signs of cardiac alteration. An 11-year-old bitch showing signs of congestive heart failure was admitted to a veterinary clinic and it was requested to perform chest radiographs for heart evaluation. Radiography accidentally revealed the presence of mummified fetus in the right cranial abdominal cavity. The patient was submitted to clinical treatment for stabilization and control of the disease signs and clinical recovery rapidly occurred. The animal showed no signs or complications due to fetal mummification and had a good quality of life. Once the dog was clinically normal, and not to submit it to surgical risks, the owner chose not to perform the surgical procedure to remove the mummified fetus.

B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of uterine involution in ewes treated with two different doses of prostaglandinF2alfa

Background: Several studies consisted of postmortem evaluations and B-mode ultrasonography have been performed on ovine uterine involution. However, researches with Doppler ultrasonography are very limited in ewes. Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive method which provides information about vascular dynamics of the tissues which cannot be examined by B-mode ultrasonography. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of two different PGF2α doses on uterine measurements by real time B-mode ultrasonography; and on uterine artery hemodynamics by pulsed-wave Doppler analysis during postpartum uterine involution in ewes. Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted with 30 primiparous Kivircik ewes which lambed singleton without any complication. The ewes were randomly divided into three groups (n= 10 for each group). A single i.m. injection of 125 μg/sheep PGF2α , 75 μg/sheep PGF2α , and 1.0 mL/sheep sterile saline solution were administered to Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The day of parturition was considered as the first day of the study. Examinations were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Diameters of previously gravid horn and caruncles were measured by real time B-mod ultrasonography. Presence of lochia was also noted. Uterine artery pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic/ diastolic ratio (S/D) values were measured by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. The one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s test were used for statistical analysis. The mean previously gravid horn diameters of ewes were 8.30 ± 0.16 cm and 1.53 ± 0.07 cm on day 1 and day 28, respectively. Previously gravid horn and caruncle diameters had a similar declining pattern in all groups as involution period proceeded. Involution was mostly completed by day 21. More than 50% reduction in uterine size was achieved in prostaglandin administered groups by day 7. Caruncles were not able to be identified after the second week...

Avaliação ultrassonográfica no pós-parto de ovelhas: revisão de literatura / Postpartum ultrasound assessment in sheep: Literature Review

Puerpério é o período após a finalização do parto e acontece em escala logarítmica decrescente, especialmente durante a primeira semana após o parto, quando o útero passa por marcado remodelamento durante sua involução. No entanto, não estão totalmente elucidados os mecanismos hormonais, celulares e moleculares que regulam esse processo. Considerando a necessidade de estabelecer métodos diagnósticos precoces para a avaliação das mudanças no puerpério em ovelhas e a escassez no número de estudos sobre involução uterina, o monitoramento desse período é essencial para evitar declínio na eficiência reprodutiva, sendo que o intervalo de partos está diretamente relacionado à velocidade da involução uterina e ao retorno à atividade reprodutiva das fêmeas. Para isso, o entendimento do processo de recuperação do trato reprodutivo no pós-parto dessa espécie é de grande importância para o sucesso do sistema de produção em ovinos. Neste trabalho, revisamos o período puerperal, os mecanismos subjacentes à reprodução normal dos ovinos e a ultrassonografia para avaliar esse período na ovelha como modelo experimental ou para aplicação em Medicina Veterinária.(AU)

Puerperium is the period after the completion of delivery and occurs on a decreasing logarithmic scale, especially during the first week after delivery, when uterus undergoes marked remodeling. However, hormonal, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that regulate this process are not fully understood. Considering the need to establish early diagnostic methods to evaluate changes during sheeps puerperium and the scarce number of studies on uterine involution, monitoring this period is essential to avoid declining in reproductive efficiency, as calving interval is directly related to the speed of uterine involution and the return to female reproductive activity. Therefore, understanding the postpartum reproductive tract recovery process of this species is of great importance for the success of sheep production systems. We review the puerperal period, the mechanisms underlying the normal reproduction of sheep and ultrasonography to evaluate this period as an experimental model or for application in Veterinary Medicine.(AU)

Avaliação ultrassonográfica no pós-parto de ovelhas: revisão de literatura / Postpartum ultrasound assessment in sheep: Literature Review

Puerpério é o período após a finalização do parto e acontece em escala logarítmica decrescente, especialmente durante a primeira semana após o parto, quando o útero passa por marcado remodelamento durante sua involução. No entanto, não estão totalmente elucidados os mecanismos hormonais, celulares e moleculares que regulam esse processo. Considerando a necessidade de estabelecer métodos diagnósticos precoces para a avaliação das mudanças no puerpério em ovelhas e a escassez no número de estudos sobre involução uterina, o monitoramento desse período é essencial para evitar declínio na eficiência reprodutiva, sendo que o intervalo de partos está diretamente relacionado à velocidade da involução uterina e ao retorno à atividade reprodutiva das fêmeas. Para isso, o entendimento do processo de recuperação do trato reprodutivo no pós-parto dessa espécie é de grande importância para o sucesso do sistema de produção em ovinos. Neste trabalho, revisamos o período puerperal, os mecanismos subjacentes à reprodução normal dos ovinos e a ultrassonografia para avaliar esse período na ovelha como modelo experimental ou para aplicação em Medicina Veterinária.

Puerperium is the period after the completion of delivery and occurs on a decreasing logarithmic scale, especially during the first week after delivery, when uterus undergoes marked remodeling. However, hormonal, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that regulate this process are not fully understood. Considering the need to establish early diagnostic methods to evaluate changes during sheep’s puerperium and the scarce number of studies on uterine involution, monitoring this period is essential to avoid declining in reproductive efficiency, as calving interval is directly related to the speed of uterine involution and the return to female reproductive activity. Therefore, understanding the postpartum reproductive tract recovery process of this species is of great importance for the success of sheep production systems. We review the puerperal period, the mechanisms underlying the normal reproduction of sheep and ultrasonography to evaluate this period as an experimental model or for application in Veterinary Medicine.

Fisiologia e fatores interferentes na reprodução de éguas / Physiology and interfering factors in mare reproduction

A reprodução é necessária para produção de descendentes e permite continuidade das espécies. Nos equinos a estação reprodutiva ocorre em épocas de maior luminosidade, pois são caracterizados como poliéstricos estacionais, ou seja, as éguas possuem atividade ovulatória em determinados períodos do ano. Desta forma, fatores interferentes na reprodução devem ser evitados, além de ser necessário o estudo da fisiologia e particularidades da espécie, a fim de aumentar a viabilidade reprodutiva dos equinos. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esta revisão compilar aspectos relacionados à fisiologia do ciclo estral, gestação e parto, assim como, explanar alguns dos principais fatores interferentes no contexto da involução uterina e ciclicidade pós-parto em éguas. No intuito de reduzir ou eliminar os problemas reprodutivos nas éguas.

Reproduction is necessary for the production of offspring and allows for the continuity of species. In equines the reproductive season occurs in times of greater luminosity, since they are characterized as seasonal polyester, that is, mares have ovulatory activity at certain periods of the year. In this way, interfering factors in the reproduction should be avoided, in addition to the study of the physiology and particularities of the species, in order to increase the reproductive viability of the horses. The objective of this review was to compile aspects related to the physiology of the estrous cycle, gestation and delivery, as well as to explain some of the main interfering factors in the context of uterine involution and postpartum cyclicity in mares. In order to reduce or eliminate reproductive problems in mares.

Fisiologia e fatores interferentes na reprodução de éguas / Physiology and interfering factors in mare reproduction

A reprodução é necessária para produção de descendentes e permite continuidade das espécies. Nos equinos a estação reprodutiva ocorre em épocas de maior luminosidade, pois são caracterizados como poliéstricos estacionais, ou seja, as éguas possuem atividade ovulatória em determinados períodos do ano. Desta forma, fatores interferentes na reprodução devem ser evitados, além de ser necessário o estudo da fisiologia e particularidades da espécie, a fim de aumentar a viabilidade reprodutiva dos equinos. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esta revisão compilar aspectos relacionados à fisiologia do ciclo estral, gestação e parto, assim como, explanar alguns dos principais fatores interferentes no contexto da involução uterina e ciclicidade pós-parto em éguas. No intuito de reduzir ou eliminar os problemas reprodutivos nas éguas.(AU)

Reproduction is necessary for the production of offspring and allows for the continuity of species. In equines the reproductive season occurs in times of greater luminosity, since they are characterized as seasonal polyester, that is, mares have ovulatory activity at certain periods of the year. In this way, interfering factors in the reproduction should be avoided, in addition to the study of the physiology and particularities of the species, in order to increase the reproductive viability of the horses. The objective of this review was to compile aspects related to the physiology of the estrous cycle, gestation and delivery, as well as to explain some of the main interfering factors in the context of uterine involution and postpartum cyclicity in mares. In order to reduce or eliminate reproductive problems in mares.(AU)

Heat shock proteins (HSP)-60, -70, -90, and 105 display variable spatial and temporal immunolocalization patterns in the involuting rat uterus

Uterine involution involves substantial tissue destruction and subsequent repair and remodelling, with similarities to the microenvironments present during wound healing. Although involution is a physiologically normal process, it may generate a stressful microenvironment for the uterine cells, and thus it can induce the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which were originally identified as stress-responsive proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal expression and localization of four heat shock proteins (HSPD1/HSP60, HSPA/HSP70, HSPC/HSP90 and HSPH1/HSP105/110) in the involuting rat uterus using immunohistochemistry. The HSPs were expressed in the luminal (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE), fibroblasts, mast cells, myometrial myocytes, perimetrial mesothelium and blood vessels, and each of the uterine tissues had distinctive patterns of HSP immunostaining. HSPD1/HSP60 was located in the cytoplasm, often with the granular appearance that is typical of organellar localization, whereas HSPA/HSP70, HSPC/HSP90 and HSPH1/HSP105 were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The immunolocalization patterns of all HSPs in the LE showed alterations that accompanied involution, but no difference was observed in the other uterine cells. HSPs were localized in the apical and basal cytoplasm of the LE on postpartum days 1, 5 and 10, but only in the apical cytoplasm on day 3. Furthermore, on day 3, HSPA/HSP70, HSPC/HSP90 and HSPH1/HSP105 immunostaining in the crypts and GE were stronger than those in the LE, whereas on day 10, the nuclear HSP90 immunoreaction was stronger in the LE than in the GE. These observations suggest that HSPs may be involved in many physiological processes, such as cell cycle control, cell proliferation, regulation of cell death and survival, and differentiation during the involution process.

Heat shock proteins (HSP)-60, -70, -90, and 105 display variable spatial and temporal immunolocalization patterns in the involuting rat uterus

Uterine involution involves substantial tissue destruction and subsequent repair and remodelling, with similarities to the microenvironments present during wound healing. Although involution is a physiologically normal process, it may generate a stressful microenvironment for the uterine cells, and thus it can induce the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which were originally identified as stress-responsive proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal expression and localization of four heat shock proteins (HSPD1/HSP60, HSPA/HSP70, HSPC/HSP90 and HSPH1/HSP105/110) in the involuting rat uterus using immunohistochemistry. The HSPs were expressed in the luminal (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE), fibroblasts, mast cells, myometrial myocytes, perimetrial mesothelium and blood vessels, and each of the uterine tissues had distinctive patterns of HSP immunostaining. HSPD1/HSP60 was located in the cytoplasm, often with the granular appearance that is typical of organellar localization, whereas HSPA/HSP70, HSPC/HSP90 and HSPH1/HSP105 were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The immunolocalization patterns of all HSPs in the LE showed alterations that accompanied involution, but no difference was observed in the other uterine cells. HSPs were localized in the apical and basal cytoplasm of the LE on postpartum days 1, 5 and 10, but only in the apical cytoplasm on day 3. Furthermore, on day 3, HSPA/HSP70, HSPC/HSP90 and HSPH1/HSP105 immunostaining in the crypts and GE were stronger than those in the LE, whereas on day 10, the nuclear HSP90 immunoreaction was stronger in the LE than in the GE. These observations suggest that HSPs may be involved in many physiological processes, such as cell cycle control, cell proliferation, regulation of cell death and survival, and differentiation during the involution process.(AU)

Efeito Do Cloprostenol Sódico Na Involução Uterina, Progesterona E Concentração De 13,14-Dihydro-15-Keto Prostaglandina F2αde Vacas Multíparas Bos Taurus Indicus / Effect Of Cloprostenol Sodium On Uterine Involution, Progesterone And 13,14-Dihydro-15-Keto Prostaglandin F2α Concentrations Of Multiparous Bos Taurus Indicus Cows / Efecto Del Cloprostenol Sódico En La Involución Uterina, Concentraciones De Progesterona Y 13,14-Dihidro-15-Keto Prostaglandina F2α De Vacas Multíparas Bos Taurus Indicus

Este estudo visou avaliar os efeitos do cloprostenol sódico na involução uterina, dosagem de progesterona (P4) e 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandina F2α (PGFM) e atividade folicular em vacas Nelore multíparas tratadas ou não com cloprostenol sódico nos dias 1 e 4 pós-parto (D0= nascimento), bem como testar a hipótese que o tratamento promove uma involução uterina mais rápida e retorno a atividade cíclica normal no puerpério. Para isso, foi feito ultrassom, palpação transretal, exame vaginoscópicoe determinação da concentração de P4 e PGFM nos dias 1, 7, 14, 28, 35 e 42 pós-parto (D0= nascimento). A vaginoscopia avaliou o óstio cervical (Escore 1 a 3) e descarga cervical (escore 1 a 5), a palpação transretal avaliou a involução uterina (escore 1 a 3) e o ultrassom avaliou o diâmetro dos folículos, tamanho dos cornos uterino e acumulo de fluido intrauterino (escore 0 a 3). O tratamento influenciou na descarga cervical (P= 0.034), e nas outras variáveis foi observada a influência do momento (P>0,05). Baseado nestes resultados, nós acreditamos que o uso desse protocolo nos animais com boa seleção genética, manejo e saudáveis pode ser desnecessário e promove gastos adicionais.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cloprostenol sodium at uterine involution and hormonal dosage of progesterone (P4) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) and follicular activity on multiparous Nelore cows treated or not with cloprostenol sodium on days 1 and 4 postpartum (D0= birth), as well as test the hypothesis that treatment promotes a faster uterine involution and return to normal cyclical activity at puerperium. For this, it was done ultrasound, transretal palpation, vaginoscopy exams and determination of concentration of P4 and PGFM on days 1, 7, 14, 28, 35 and 42 postpartum (D0= birth). Vaginoscopy evaluated cervical ostium (score 1 to 3) and cervical discharge (score 1 to 5), transrectal palpation evaluated uterine involution (score 1 to 3) and ultrasound evaluated the diameter of follicles, size of uterine horn and intrauterine fluid accumulation (score 0 to 3). Treatment influenced at cervical discharge (P= 0.034), and on the other variables it was observed influence of moment (P>0.05). Based on the results, we believe that the use of this protocol inanimals with good selection genetic, management and health can be unnecessary and promote additional spending.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del cloprostenol sódico en la involución uterina y la concentración sérica de progesterona (P4) y 13,14-dihidro-15-keto prostaglandina F2α (PGFM) y actividad folicular en vacas multíparas Nelore tratadas o no, con cloprostenol sódico en los días 1 y 4 posparto (D0= día del nacimiento), de igual forma, comprobar la hipótesis de que el tratamiento promueve una involución uterina más rápida y un retorno de la actividad cíclica normal en el puerperio. Fue realizada ecografía, palpación transrectal, vaginoscopia y determinación de la concentración sérica de P4 y PGFM en los días 1, 7, 14, 28, 35, y 42 posparto (D0= día del nacimiento). La vaginoscopia evaluó el ostium cervical (escala de 1-3) y descarga cervical (escala de 1-5), la palpación transrectal determinó la involución uterina (escala de 1-3) y la ecografía evaluó el diámetro folicular, tamaño de los cuernos uterinos y la acumulación intrauterina de fluidos (escala de 0-3). El tratamiento influyó en la descarga cervical (P= 0.034), para las demás variables fue observado efecto del momento (P>0.05). Basados en los resultados, creemos que el uso de este protocolo en animales con buen manejo, salud y selección genética es innecesario y demanda gastos adicionales.(AU)

Efeito Do Cloprostenol Sódico Na Involução Uterina, Progesterona E Concentração De 13,14-Dihydro-15-Keto Prostaglandina F2αde Vacas Multíparas Bos Taurus Indicus / Effect Of Cloprostenol Sodium On Uterine Involution, Progesterone And 13,14-Dihydro-15-Keto Prostaglandin F2α Concentrations Of Multiparous Bos Taurus Indicus Cows / Efecto Del Cloprostenol Sódico En La Involución Uterina, Concentraciones De Progesterona Y 13,14-Dihidro-15-Keto Prostaglandina F2α De Vacas Multíparas Bos Taurus Indicus

Este estudo visou avaliar os efeitos do cloprostenol sódico na involução uterina, dosagem de progesterona (P4) e 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandina F2α (PGFM) e atividade folicular em vacas Nelore multíparas tratadas ou não com cloprostenol sódico nos dias 1 e 4 pós-parto (D0= nascimento), bem como testar a hipótese que o tratamento promove uma involução uterina mais rápida e retorno a atividade cíclica normal no puerpério. Para isso, foi feito ultrassom, palpação transretal, exame vaginoscópicoe determinação da concentração de P4 e PGFM nos dias 1, 7, 14, 28, 35 e 42 pós-parto (D0= nascimento). A vaginoscopia avaliou o óstio cervical (Escore 1 a 3) e descarga cervical (escore 1 a 5), a palpação transretal avaliou a involução uterina (escore 1 a 3) e o ultrassom avaliou o diâmetro dos folículos, tamanho dos cornos uterino e acumulo de fluido intrauterino (escore 0 a 3). O tratamento influenciou na descarga cervical (P= 0.034), e nas outras variáveis foi observada a influência do momento (P>0,05). Baseado nestes resultados, nós acreditamos que o uso desse protocolo nos animais com boa seleção genética, manejo e saudáveis pode ser desnecessário e promove gastos adicionais.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cloprostenol sodium at uterine involution and hormonal dosage of progesterone (P4) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) and follicular activity on multiparous Nelore cows treated or not with cloprostenol sodium on days 1 and 4 postpartum (D0= birth), as well as test the hypothesis that treatment promotes a faster uterine involution and return to normal cyclical activity at puerperium. For this, it was done ultrasound, transretal palpation, vaginoscopy exams and determination of concentration of P4 and PGFM on days 1, 7, 14, 28, 35 and 42 postpartum (D0= birth). Vaginoscopy evaluated cervical ostium (score 1 to 3) and cervical discharge (score 1 to 5), transrectal palpation evaluated uterine involution (score 1 to 3) and ultrasound evaluated the diameter of follicles, size of uterine horn and intrauterine fluid accumulation (score 0 to 3). Treatment influenced at cervical discharge (P= 0.034), and on the other variables it was observed influence of moment (P>0.05). Based on the results, we believe that the use of this protocol inanimals with good selection genetic, management and health can be unnecessary and promote additional spending.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del cloprostenol sódico en la involución uterina y la concentración sérica de progesterona (P4) y 13,14-dihidro-15-keto prostaglandina F2α (PGFM) y actividad folicular en vacas multíparas Nelore tratadas o no, con cloprostenol sódico en los días 1 y 4 posparto (D0= día del nacimiento), de igual forma, comprobar la hipótesis de que el tratamiento promueve una involución uterina más rápida y un retorno de la actividad cíclica normal en el puerperio. Fue realizada ecografía, palpación transrectal, vaginoscopia y determinación de la concentración sérica de P4 y PGFM en los días 1, 7, 14, 28, 35, y 42 posparto (D0= día del nacimiento). La vaginoscopia evaluó el ostium cervical (escala de 1-3) y descarga cervical (escala de 1-5), la palpación transrectal determinó la involución uterina (escala de 1-3) y la ecografía evaluó el diámetro folicular, tamaño de los cuernos uterinos y la acumulación intrauterina de fluidos (escala de 0-3). El tratamiento influyó en la descarga cervical (P= 0.034), para las demás variables fue observado efecto del momento (P>0.05). Basados en los resultados, creemos que el uso de este protocolo en animales con buen manejo, salud y selección genética es innecesario y demanda gastos adicionales.

Endometrial transcription of microbial molecular patterns receptors in Gyr and F1 Holstein x Gyr postpartum cows / Transcrição endometrial de receptores de padrões moleculares microbianos em vacas Gir e F1 Holandês x Gir após o parto

Zebu and Holstein x Zebu crossbred have low incidence of uterine infection when compared to Holstein cows. Resistance to uterine infections may be associated with the ability to recognize invading microorganisms. Endometrial transcription of microbial molecular patterns receptors has been investigated in the postpartum period of Holstein cows, but it is completely unknown in Zebu or Holstein x Zebu cows. In this study, 9 Gyr and 12 F1 Holstein x Gyr cows were submitted to endometrial biopsies at the first and seventh days postpartum, with the objective to measure transcription levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1/6, 2, 4, 5, and 9; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors 1 and 2; and coreceptors cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2). There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in transcription of TLR5 in Gyr, and an increase in transcription of TLR9 in F1 cows, between the first and seventh day postpartum. Both groups had low incidences of uterine infections up to 42 days postpartum. Uterine involution completed at 27.7 ± 10.1 and 25.1 ± 4.7 days postpartum for Gyr and F1 cows, respectively. In Gyr cows, higher transcription levels of TLR1/6 and NOD1 correlated to a longer period required for uterine involution. In F1 cows, lower levels of TLR1/6, TLR2 and NOD2 correlated to a longer period required for uterine involution. In conclusion, some pathogen recognition receptors associated significantly with the time required for uterine involution in Gyr and F1 cows.(AU)

Vacas Zebu e mestiças Holandês x Zebu apresentam baixas incidências de infecções uterinas quando comparadas às Holandesas. A resistência às infecções uterinas pode estar relacionada com a capacidade de reconhecimento dos microrganismos invasores. A transcrição endometrial de receptores de padrões moleculares microbianos tem sido investigada em vacas Holandesas recém-paridas, porém ainda é desconhecida em vacas Zebu e mestiças Holandês x Zebu. No presente estudo, nove vacas Gir e 12 F1 Holandês x Gir foram submetidas a biópsias endometriais no primeiro e no sétimo dia após o parto, com o objetivo de mensurar os níveis de transcrição gênica dos receptores tipo Toll (TLRs) 1/6, 2, 4, 5 e 9; receptores tipo NOD 1 e 2; e dos coreceptores CD14 e MD-2. Houve diminuição significativa (P < 0,05) do nível de transcrição de TLR5 em vacas Gir e aumento da transcrição de TLR9 em vacas F1, entre o primeiro e o sétimo dia após o parto. Os dois grupos apresentaram baixas incidências de infecções uterinas até 42 dias pós-parto. O período de involução uterina foi de 27,7 ± 10,1 e 25,1 ± 4,7 dias pós-parto, para vacas Gir e F1, respectivamente. No grupo de vacas Gir, altos níveis de transcrição de TLR1/6 e NOD1 tiveram correlação significativa com o prolongamento do período de involução uterina. No grupo de vacas F1, baixos níveis de transcrição de TLR1/6, TLR2 e NOD2 foram associados a maiores períodos de involução uterina. Portanto, os níveis de transcrição endometrial de alguns receptores de padrões moleculares microbianos na primeira semana após o parto podem estar relacionados com o tempo requerido para ocorrência da involução uterina em vacas Gir e F1.(AU)

Endometrial transcription of microbial molecular patterns receptors in Gyr and F1 Holstein x Gyr postpartum cows / Transcrição endometrial de receptores de padrões moleculares microbianos em vacas Gir e F1 Holandês x Gir após o parto

Zebu and Holstein x Zebu crossbred have low incidence of uterine infection when compared to Holstein cows. Resistance to uterine infections may be associated with the ability to recognize invading microorganisms. Endometrial transcription of microbial molecular patterns receptors has been investigated in the postpartum period of Holstein cows, but it is completely unknown in Zebu or Holstein x Zebu cows. In this study, 9 Gyr and 12 F1 Holstein x Gyr cows were submitted to endometrial biopsies at the first and seventh days postpartum, with the objective to measure transcription levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1/6, 2, 4, 5, and 9; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors 1 and 2; and coreceptors cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2). There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in transcription of TLR5 in Gyr, and an increase in transcription of TLR9 in F1 cows, between the first and seventh day postpartum. Both groups had low incidences of uterine infections up to 42 days postpartum. Uterine involution completed at 27.7 ± 10.1 and 25.1 ± 4.7 days postpartum for Gyr and F1 cows, respectively. In Gyr cows, higher transcription levels of TLR1/6 and NOD1 correlated to a longer period required for uterine involution. In F1 cows, lower levels of TLR1/6, TLR2 and NOD2 correlated to a longer period required for uterine involution. In conclusion, some pathogen recognition receptors associated significantly with the time required for uterine involution in Gyr and F1 cows.(AU)

Vacas Zebu e mestiças Holandês x Zebu apresentam baixas incidências de infecções uterinas quando comparadas às Holandesas. A resistência às infecções uterinas pode estar relacionada com a capacidade de reconhecimento dos microrganismos invasores. A transcrição endometrial de receptores de padrões moleculares microbianos tem sido investigada em vacas Holandesas recém-paridas, porém ainda é desconhecida em vacas Zebu e mestiças Holandês x Zebu. No presente estudo, nove vacas Gir e 12 F1 Holandês x Gir foram submetidas a biópsias endometriais no primeiro e no sétimo dia após o parto, com o objetivo de mensurar os níveis de transcrição gênica dos receptores tipo Toll (TLRs) 1/6, 2, 4, 5 e 9; receptores tipo NOD 1 e 2; e dos coreceptores CD14 e MD-2. Houve diminuição significativa (P < 0,05) do nível de transcrição de TLR5 em vacas Gir e aumento da transcrição de TLR9 em vacas F1, entre o primeiro e o sétimo dia após o parto. Os dois grupos apresentaram baixas incidências de infecções uterinas até 42 dias pós-parto. O período de involução uterina foi de 27,7 ± 10,1 e 25,1 ± 4,7 dias pós-parto, para vacas Gir e F1, respectivamente. No grupo de vacas Gir, altos níveis de transcrição de TLR1/6 e NOD1 tiveram correlação significativa com o prolongamento do período de involução uterina. No grupo de vacas F1, baixos níveis de transcrição de TLR1/6, TLR2 e NOD2 foram associados a maiores períodos de involução uterina. Portanto, os níveis de transcrição endometrial de alguns receptores de padrões moleculares microbianos na primeira semana após o parto podem estar relacionados com o tempo requerido para ocorrência da involução uterina em vacas Gir e F1.(AU)

Postpartum uterine infection and endometritis in dairy cattle

After parturition, uterine involution, regeneration of the endometrium, return of ovarian cyclic activity, and the control of pathogenic bacteria in the uterus is required before cows are likely to conceive again. However, pathogenic bacteria often cause uterine disease in modern dairy cattle, leading to decreased productivity and reduced fertility. This review aims to provide an overview of postpartum uterine infection and disease in dairy cattle. Metritis and endometritis are the main postpartum clinical conditions; although, subclinical endometritis is an emerging issue. Postpartum uterine disease is associated with the isolation of Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, and anaerobic pathogenic bacteria. Sensing of bacteria or their pathogen-associated molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide, by the innate immune system generates inflammatory responses. Endometrial inflammation includes increased expression of complement, calgranulins, interleukins and acute phase proteins, as well as the chemotaxis of neutrophils and macrophages to the site of infection. Uterine disease is also characterised by tissue damage, including endometrial cytolysis caused by the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin. The responses to pathogens are energetically expensive, and depletion of the key cellular nutrients, glucose or glutamine, impairs inflammatory responses by endometrial tissues. For sustainable intensification of the dairy industry over the next 50 years, it is vital to understand why high-milk-yield cows are so susceptible to uterine pathology and develop new ways to prevent uterine disease.

Postpartum uterine infection and endometritis in dairy cattle

After parturition, uterine involution, regeneration of the endometrium, return of ovarian cyclic activity, and the control of pathogenic bacteria in the uterus is required before cows are likely to conceive again. However, pathogenic bacteria often cause uterine disease in modern dairy cattle, leading to decreased productivity and reduced fertility. This review aims to provide an overview of postpartum uterine infection and disease in dairy cattle. Metritis and endometritis are the main postpartum clinical conditions; although, subclinical endometritis is an emerging issue. Postpartum uterine disease is associated with the isolation of Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, and anaerobic pathogenic bacteria. Sensing of bacteria or their pathogen-associated molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide, by the innate immune system generates inflammatory responses. Endometrial inflammation includes increased expression of complement, calgranulins, interleukins and acute phase proteins, as well as the chemotaxis of neutrophils and macrophages to the site of infection. Uterine disease is also characterised by tissue damage, including endometrial cytolysis caused by the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin. The responses to pathogens are energetically expensive, and depletion of the key cellular nutrients, glucose or glutamine, impairs inflammatory responses by endometrial tissues. For sustainable intensification of the dairy industry over the next 50 years, it is vital to understand why high-milk-yield cows are so susceptible to uterine pathology and develop new ways to prevent uterine disease.(AU)

Condição uterina e ovarina no pós-parto e fertilidade no cio do potro em éguas Mangalarga Marchador

O primeiro cio manifestado logo após o parto das éguas, conhecido como cio do potro, possui menor fertilidade quando comparada aos cios subsequentes, porém reduz o intervalo entre partos e aumenta a prolificidade por égua. Desta forma, o controle ginecológico monitorado com ultrassonografia, acompanhamento do desenvolvimento folicular e involução uterina por meio de observações clínicas, mensurações do diâmetro uterino e avaliação do edema e tonicidade uterina, podem auxiliar a compreensão de alterações fisiológicas ocorridas durante o puerpério e manifestação do cio pós-parto. Assim, será possível elucidar fatores comprometedores do desempenho reprodutivo das éguas durante esse período. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a condição reprodutiva e a taxa de prenhez fertilidade pós-parto de éguas Mangalarga Marchador submetidas à monta natural no cio do potro. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nas dependências do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, na Fazenda Experimental Hamilton Abreu Navarro, localizada em Montes Claros, MG. Foram utilizadas oito éguas da raça Mangalarga Marchador. Os procedimentos de avaliação iniciaram dois dias após o parto, e os dados foram coletados entre setembro a dezembro de 2019. Foi avaliado a partir de avaliações ultrassonograficas as mensurações dos diâmetros foliculares e uterino via ultrassom, durante 42 dias após o parto. O peso e escore de condição corporal foram mensurados uma semana antes do parto e dois, 30 e 60 dias após o parto. As taxas de concepção e repetição de cio foram calculadas a fim de verificar a eficiência reprodutiva pós-parto. Os dados foram submetidos a análises de correlação de Pearson, teste chi-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher (P<0,05), regressão linear e quadrática, enquanto as médias com os desvios padrão foram calculados no Excel. A ovulação das éguas avaliadas ocorreu 14,5 ± 2,25 dias após o parto. A onda folicular teve duração média de 11,75 ± 2,5 dias, com taxa de crescimento folicular diário de 3,6 ± 0,6mm. A taxa de regressão do corpo lúteo encontrada foi de 1,12% com tempo de regressão médio de 17 dias. Foi observado redução do corpo uterino de 20,6 ± 1,4mm durante os 42 dias de avaliação, caracterizando o processo de involução uterina das éguas. Alta taxa de concepção foi encontrada (75%) e o peso e escore de condição corporal antes e após o parto foram satisfatórios. Portanto, a dinâmica folicular, a involução, a variação do peso e escore de condição corporal foram compatíveis com a manifestação do cio pósparto em éguas Mangalarga Marchador e não interferiram na taxa de concepção.

The first heat manifested right after the mares' parturition, known as the foal's heat, has lower fertility when compared to the subsequent heats, but it reduces the interval between parturitions and increases the prolificacy per mare. Thus, gynecological control monitored with ultrasound, monitoring of follicular development and uterine involution through clinical observations, measurements of uterine diameter and evaluation of uterine edema and tonicity, can help to understand the physiological changes that occur during the puerperium and onset of heat post childbirth. Thus, it will be possible to elucidate factors compromising the reproductive performance of mares during this period. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the reproductive condition and the postpartum pregnancy fertility rate of Mangalarga Marchador mares submitted to natural mating in the foal heat. The research was carried out on the premises of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, at the Hamilton Abreu Navarro Experimental Farm, located in Montes Claros, MG. Eight mares of the Mangalarga Marchador breed were used. The assessment procedures started two days after delivery, and data were collected between September and December 2019. Ultrasound measurements of follicular and uterine diameters were evaluated using ultrasound during 42 days after delivery. Weight and body condition score were measured one week before delivery and two, 30 and 60 days after delivery. The conception and estrus repetition rates were calculated in order to verify the postpartum reproductive efficiency. Data were submitted to Pearson's correlation analysis, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (P<0.05), linear and quadratic regression, while the means with standard deviations were calculated in Excel. Ovulation of the evaluated mares occurred 14.5 ± 2.25 days after parturition. The follicular wave had a mean duration of 11.75 ± 2.5 days, with a daily follicular growth rate of 3.6 ± 0.6mm. The corpus luteum regression rate found was 1.12% with a mean regression time of 17 days. A reduction of the uterine body of 20.6 ± 1.4 mm was observed during the 42 days of evaluation, characterizing the process of uterine involution of the mares. A high conception rate was found (75%) and the weight and body condition score before and after delivery were satisfactory. Therefore, follicular dynamics, involution, weight variation and body condition score were compatible with the manifestation of postpartum estrus in Mangalarga Marchador mares and did not interfere in the conception rate.

Caracterização da dinâmica folicular no pós-parto de vacas da raça Gir amamentando, criadas em regime de pastagem tropical

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica folicular de vacas da raça Gir no período pós-parto. Foram utilizadas 15 vacas recém-paridas amamentando, mantidas a pasto e recebendo água e mineralização à vontade. Os animais foram pesados semanalmente a partir do parto até a quinta semana pós-parto (medidas do PV Parto a PV5), além de ser avaliado o escore de condição corporal (ECC) da primeira semana à sexta semana pós-parto (ECC1 a ECC5). Durante todo o período experimental os animais foram monitorados visualmente, duas vezes ao dia, para possível manifestação de estro pós-parto. A involução uterina foi avaliada macroscopicamente por palpação transretal, classificando o posicionamento dos cornos uterinos. O estudo da dinâmica folicular ovariana pós-parto foi realizado por meio de ultrassonografia do quarto (4PP) ao quadragésimo dia pós-parto (40PP). Foram realizadas medições diárias registrando-se os diâmetros (mm) máximos do maior e segundo maior folículos presentes em cada ovário. As vacas foram divididas em três grupos experimentais: G1: vacas que apresentaram crescimentos foliculares esporádicos em intervalos irregulares, sem aparente perfil característico de ondas folicularese seus maiores folículos não ultrapassando diâmetros de 7mm (n=5); G2: vacas que apresentaram crescimentos foliculares regulares, com perfil característico de ondas foliculares e subordinação e com os seus maiores folículos de cada onda atingindo diâmetros de, no máximo, de 8 a 10mm (n=5); G3: vacas que apresentaram crescimentos foliculares regulares, com perfil característico de ondas foliculares e subordinação, tendo os seus maiores folículos de cada onda atingindo, pelo menos em uma onda folicular, diâmetros superiores a 10mm (n=5). Observou-se perda de peso (P<005) dos animaisdo G1, sendo o peso vivo no PV6 representando perda de 17% em relação ao PV Parto. Houve diminuição de ECC significativa nos animais dos grupos G1 e G2 no ECC6, em relação ao ECC1. O posicionamento uterino se tornou pélvico nos três grupos a partir de 17 dias pós-parto. Os animais dos grupos G2 e G3 tiveram maior número de ondas durante os 40 dias de avaliação e maior diâmetro de folículo no 4PP. Características da dinâmica folicular, diâmetro máximo do maior folículo (mm), comprimento de onda folicular (dias), duração do crescimento (dias), taxa de crescimento (mm/dia), persistência folicular (dias) e diâmetro do segundo maior folículo (mm) foram diferentes nos animais dos três grupos, sendo valores maiores para os animais do grupo G3, intermediários para G2 e menores para G1.

This study aimed to evaluate the follicular dynamics of Gir cows in the post partum period. Fifteen recently calved cows were used, which were breast feeding, kepton pasture, receiving water and mineralization. The animals were weekly weighed from the calve moment until the fifth week post partum, besides it was assessed the body condition score (ECC) from the first week to the sixt week post partum. During the experimental period, the animals were visually monitored twice a day for possible manifestation of post partum estrus. The uterine involution of the cows was evaluated macroscopically by transrectal palpation, classifying the position of the uterine horns. The study of post partum ovarian folicular dynamics was performed by ultrasonography from the fourth day (4PP) to the fortieth day post partum. Daily scores were done by recording the maximum diameters (mm) of the largest follicles and the second largest follicles presente in each ovary. The cows were divided in three groups: G1: five cows showed sporadic folicular grow that irregular intervals, with no apparent characteristic profile of folicular waves and their largest follicles not exceeded 7mm in diameter; G2: five cows showed regular folicular growth, folicular waves characteristic profile and the largest follicles reached between 8 to 10mm; G3: five cows showed regular folicular growth, folicular waves characteristic profile and the largest follicles reached, at least in one, more than 10mm. Significant weight loss was observed in G1, representing 17% of loss between PV 6 and PV Parto. Significant decrease in ECC of G1 animals and ECC6 of G2 animals in inrelation to ECC1. The uterine position became pelvic in the three groups after 17 days post partum. G2 and G3 had a greater number of waves during the 40 days of evaluation and a larger follicle diameter in the 4PP. Folicular dynamics features, such as maximum diameter of the largest follicle (mm), folicular wave (days), growth duration (days), growth rate (mm/day), folicular persistence (days), diameter of these conflargest follicle (mm) were higher in G3, intermediate for G2 and lower for G1.

Impact of body condition on postpartum features in morada nova sheep / Impacto da condição corporal sobre o pós-parto em ovelhas morada nova

This study evaluated the impact of nutritional status of Morada Nova sheep at lambing on the reproductive and productive performance and on the survival of lambs in early weaning system. Nineteen, Morada Nova sheep were assigned to two groups according to body condition score (BCS) at lambing: low BCS (n = 11) and high BCS (n=8) with body condition respectively of (mean ± SD) 2.0 ± 0.3 e 2.9 ± 0.1. From birth until lamb weaning (45 days), sheep were weighed weekly and checked the BCS, loin subcutaneous fat thickness, loin depth, hematological profile, milk composition and production, and every three days, we measured the uterine diameter. Lamb weightings were performed up to one week after weaning (52 days). The lower availability of muscle and fat reserves in the low BCS group negatively affected milk production and consequently performance of suckling lambs. However, the results indicated that the uterine involution process, the reproductive parameters including prolificacy, rate of multiple births, number of white blood cells, milk quality, body weight of lambs at birth and mortality rates were not affected by the body condition. The results allowed to describe the responsiveness to opposite nutritional status of Morada Nova sheep, showing their characteristics of adaptation...(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o impacto do estado nutricional de ovelhas Morada Nova ao parto sobre o seu desempenho reprodutivo e produtivo e sobre a sobrevivência de cordeiros em sistema de desmame precoce. Foram utilizadas 19 ovelhas Morada Nova, divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o escore da condição corporal ECC ao parto: grupo ECC baixo (n = 11) e ECC alto (n = 8) com escore médio (± DP) respectivamente de 2.0 ± 0.3 e 2.9 ± 0.1. A partir do parto até o desmame dos cordeiros (45 dias), as mães foram pesadas semanalmente e verificado o ECC, espessura da gordura subcutânea lombar, profundidade do lombo, perfil hematológico, composição e produção leiteira e a cada três dias mensurado o diâmetro uterino. Os cordeiros foram pesados até uma semana após o desmame (52 dias). A menor disponibilidade de reservas muscular e adiposa no grupo ECC baixo refletiu negativamente na produção de leite e consequentemente no desempenho dos cordeiros na fase de aleitamento. Todavia os resultados indicaram como o processo de involução uterina, os parâmetros reprodutivos como prolificidade, taxa de partos múltiplos, o número de células brancas, a qualidade do leite, o peso vivo dos cordeiros ao nascer e as taxas de mortalidade não foram afetados pela condição corporal. Em conclusão o conjunto de dados obtidos pelo presente estudo permitiu descrever a capacidade de resposta as condições...(AU)

Impact of body condition on postpartum features in morada nova sheep / Impacto da condição corporal sobre o pós-parto em ovelhas morada nova

This study evaluated the impact of nutritional status of Morada Nova sheep at lambing on the reproductive and productive performance and on the survival of lambs in early weaning system. Nineteen, Morada Nova sheep were assigned to two groups according to body condition score (BCS) at lambing: low BCS (n = 11) and high BCS (n=8) with body condition respectively of (mean ± SD) 2.0 ± 0.3 e 2.9 ± 0.1. From birth until lamb weaning (45 days), sheep were weighed weekly and checked the BCS, loin subcutaneous fat thickness, loin depth, hematological profile, milk composition and production, and every three days, we measured the uterine diameter. Lamb weightings were performed up to one week after weaning (52 days). The lower availability of muscle and fat reserves in the low BCS group negatively affected milk production and consequently performance of suckling lambs. However, the results indicated that the uterine involution process, the reproductive parameters including prolificacy, rate of multiple births, number of white blood cells, milk quality, body weight of lambs at birth and mortality rates were not affected by the body condition. The results allowed to describe the responsiveness to opposite nutritional status of Morada Nova sheep, showing their characteristics of adaptation...

O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o impacto do estado nutricional de ovelhas Morada Nova ao parto sobre o seu desempenho reprodutivo e produtivo e sobre a sobrevivência de cordeiros em sistema de desmame precoce. Foram utilizadas 19 ovelhas Morada Nova, divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o escore da condição corporal ECC ao parto: grupo ECC baixo (n = 11) e ECC alto (n = 8) com escore médio (± DP) respectivamente de 2.0 ± 0.3 e 2.9 ± 0.1. A partir do parto até o desmame dos cordeiros (45 dias), as mães foram pesadas semanalmente e verificado o ECC, espessura da gordura subcutânea lombar, profundidade do lombo, perfil hematológico, composição e produção leiteira e a cada três dias mensurado o diâmetro uterino. Os cordeiros foram pesados até uma semana após o desmame (52 dias). A menor disponibilidade de reservas muscular e adiposa no grupo ECC baixo refletiu negativamente na produção de leite e consequentemente no desempenho dos cordeiros na fase de aleitamento. Todavia os resultados indicaram como o processo de involução uterina, os parâmetros reprodutivos como prolificidade, taxa de partos múltiplos, o número de células brancas, a qualidade do leite, o peso vivo dos cordeiros ao nascer e as taxas de mortalidade não foram afetados pela condição corporal. Em conclusão o conjunto de dados obtidos pelo presente estudo permitiu descrever a capacidade de resposta as condições...