Tricuspid valve dysplasia in a dog

Background: Congenital cardiac diseases are a common cause of death in puppies. Tricuspid valve dysplasia is characterized by thickening and displacement of the leaflets of the tricuspid valve, agenesis of the valves, and incomplete separationof valve components. Papillary muscles may fuse and display shortened or absent chordae tendineae that contribute totricuspid regurgitation. Diagnostic features of tricuspid valve dysplasia include cardiomegaly with massive right atriumenlargement on thoracic radiography and tricuspid insufficiency on an ultrasound. We aimed to describe clinicopathological findings in a dog (Canis familiaris) with tricuspid dysplasia.Case: We aimed to describe tricuspid valve dysplasia in a dog referred for necropsy at the Anatomical Pathology Sector ofThe Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a clinical history of abdominal swelling, dyspnea, cyanosis,ascites, and prostration. Echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound revealed right ventricular enlargement, hepatomegaly,and splenomegaly. Examination of the heart showed prominent enlargement, thickening and dilation of the right chambers,thickening of the tricuspid leaflets, and moderately shortened chordae tendineae. The liver was enlarged, with a nutmegpattern, and foci of clotting and fibrin adhesions in the lateral right lobule.Discussion: Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings were consistent with tricuspid valve dysplasia. Althoughstructural abnormalities of the tricuspid and mitral valves are well known in fetuses and neonates, congenital and secondary tricuspid malformations are rare in dogs. The survival rate is associated with the severity of heart lesions. Tricuspidvalve dysplasia is mostly observed in large-breed...

Tricuspid valve dysplasia in a dog

Background: Congenital cardiac diseases are a common cause of death in puppies. Tricuspid valve dysplasia is characterized by thickening and displacement of the leaflets of the tricuspid valve, agenesis of the valves, and incomplete separationof valve components. Papillary muscles may fuse and display shortened or absent chordae tendineae that contribute totricuspid regurgitation. Diagnostic features of tricuspid valve dysplasia include cardiomegaly with massive right atriumenlargement on thoracic radiography and tricuspid insufficiency on an ultrasound. We aimed to describe clinicopathological findings in a dog (Canis familiaris) with tricuspid dysplasia.Case: We aimed to describe tricuspid valve dysplasia in a dog referred for necropsy at the Anatomical Pathology Sector ofThe Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a clinical history of abdominal swelling, dyspnea, cyanosis,ascites, and prostration. Echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound revealed right ventricular enlargement, hepatomegaly,and splenomegaly. Examination of the heart showed prominent enlargement, thickening and dilation of the right chambers,thickening of the tricuspid leaflets, and moderately shortened chordae tendineae. The liver was enlarged, with a nutmegpattern, and foci of clotting and fibrin adhesions in the lateral right lobule.Discussion: Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings were consistent with tricuspid valve dysplasia. Althoughstructural abnormalities of the tricuspid and mitral valves are well known in fetuses and neonates, congenital and secondary tricuspid malformations are rare in dogs. The survival rate is associated with the severity of heart lesions. Tricuspidvalve dysplasia is mostly observed in large-breed...(AU)

Arterial thromboembolism secondary to subaortic stenosis in a persian kitten

Background: Aortic stenosis refers to several types of anatomic and functional obstructions of the left ventricular outflow tract. In small animals, this anomaly is most commonly documented as either a congenital lesion or an obstruction that develops soon after birth. It is a hereditary disease, caused by a dominant autosomal gene and modifying genes that interfere with phenotype expression. Even though aortic thromboembolism may be a potential complication in cats with cardiac diseases, aortic stenosis is deemed rare in that species. In this paper, we report an unusual case of a Persian kitten with aortic stenosis that eventually developed arterial thromboembolism.Case: A 7-month-old Persian kitten (3.1 kg) was admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a history of hindlimbs paralysis over the past 48 h, as well as excessive vocalization. Also, the cat presented with inappetence, adipsia, urine incontinence, and hematuria. On physical examination, we observed hypothermia and cold paws. The footpads were cyanotic and there were no palpable femoral pulses. Cardiac auscultation disclosed a regular fast pace (200 bpm) and a grade 2/6 murmur heard best over the left cardiac base, but irradiating to the contralateral hemithorax. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were within the normal reference range, but the complete blood count showed microcytosis, lymphopenia, and hyperproteinemia. Also, elevated alanine aminotransferase and BUN were identified. On the echocardiogram, we observed a subvalvular aortic stenosis, which resulted in concentric remodeling of the left ventricle and a mild left atrial dilation. The stenotic lesion was classified as mild. Also, the thoracic radiography unveiled cardiomegaly. The recommended therapy included atenolol(6.25 mg/cat PO, q24h), clopidogrel (18.7 mg/cat PO, q24h), enoxaparin (1 mg/kg SC, q24 h), methadone (0.2 mg/kg IM, q8h) and amoxicillin + potassium clavulanate (20 mg/kg SC, q12h).[...]

Arterial thromboembolism secondary to subaortic stenosis in a persian kitten

Background: Aortic stenosis refers to several types of anatomic and functional obstructions of the left ventricular outflow tract. In small animals, this anomaly is most commonly documented as either a congenital lesion or an obstruction that develops soon after birth. It is a hereditary disease, caused by a dominant autosomal gene and modifying genes that interfere with phenotype expression. Even though aortic thromboembolism may be a potential complication in cats with cardiac diseases, aortic stenosis is deemed rare in that species. In this paper, we report an unusual case of a Persian kitten with aortic stenosis that eventually developed arterial thromboembolism.Case: A 7-month-old Persian kitten (3.1 kg) was admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a history of hindlimbs paralysis over the past 48 h, as well as excessive vocalization. Also, the cat presented with inappetence, adipsia, urine incontinence, and hematuria. On physical examination, we observed hypothermia and cold paws. The footpads were cyanotic and there were no palpable femoral pulses. Cardiac auscultation disclosed a regular fast pace (200 bpm) and a grade 2/6 murmur heard best over the left cardiac base, but irradiating to the contralateral hemithorax. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were within the normal reference range, but the complete blood count showed microcytosis, lymphopenia, and hyperproteinemia. Also, elevated alanine aminotransferase and BUN were identified. On the echocardiogram, we observed a subvalvular aortic stenosis, which resulted in concentric remodeling of the left ventricle and a mild left atrial dilation. The stenotic lesion was classified as mild. Also, the thoracic radiography unveiled cardiomegaly. The recommended therapy included atenolol(6.25 mg/cat PO, q24h), clopidogrel (18.7 mg/cat PO, q24h), enoxaparin (1 mg/kg SC, q24 h), methadone (0.2 mg/kg IM, q8h) and amoxicillin + potassium clavulanate (20 mg/kg SC, q12h).[...](AU)

Tricuspid valve dysplasia in a domestic feline: case report / Displasia valvar tricúspide em um felino doméstico: relato de caso

Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is a congenital heart defect described in dogs and cats; however, in Brazil there are no reports of this condition in cats. Therefore, our goal was to report a case of TVD in a domestic cat. A four-year-old, female, domestic short hair cat that was seen at the Cardiology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo, for apathy, appetite loss and dyspnea for five days. During physical examination, dyspnea with a restrictive respiratory pattern due to pleural effusion was observed. Thoracocentesis was performed and 450 mL of serosanguineous fluid was drained. Two-dimensional echocardiography in the right parasternal short-axis plane at the level of the papillary muscles showed right ventricular dilatation and paradoxical septal motion. On the left parasternal apical four-chamber view, significant dilatation of the right chambers, loss of mobility of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and a thickened mural leaflet chordae with anomalous insertion were observed. Based on clinical and echocardiographic aspects, a diagnosis of TVD was given. Treatment was initiated with enalapril 0.5 mg/kg, furosemide 0.5 mg/kg and pimobendan 0.3 mg/kg every 12 hours, all per os. The patient experienced remission of clinical manifestations and survived for 50 days after diagnosis.(AU)

Displasia valvar tricúspide (DVT) é um defeito cardíaco congênito descrito em cães e gatos. Entretanto no Brasil ainda não há relato desta cardiopatia em felinos. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar um caso de DVT em um felino doméstico. Uma gata de pelo curto, com quatro anos de idade foi atendida no Serviço de Cardiologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de São Paulo, apresentando apatia, perda de apetite e dispneia há cinco dias. Durante o exame físico observou-se dispneia com padrão respiratório restritivo devido a presença de efusão pleural. Foram drenados 450 mL de líquido serosanguinolento por meio de toracocentese. O ecocardiograma no modo bidimensional, pela janela paraesternal direita, ao eixo curto transversal ao nível dos músculos papilares, revelou hipertrofia excêntrica do ventrículo direito e movimento septal paradoxal. Pela vista apical quatro câmaras, na janela paraesternal esquerda, observou-se importante remodelamento de câmaras cardíacas direitas. A valva tricúspide apresentou-se com perda de mobilidade de sua cúspide septal e espessamento de cordoalha tendínea da cúspide mural, com inserção anômala. Com base nos aspectos clínicos e ecocardiográficos, instituiu-se o dianóstico de DVT. Iniciou-se o tratamento com enalapril (0,5 mg/kg), furosemida (0,5 mg/kg) e pimobendan (0,3 mg/kg), pela via oral a cada 12 horas. O paciente apresentou remissão das manifestações clínicas, sobrevivendo por 50 dias após o diagnóstico.(AU)

Estenosis pulmonar y displasia tricuspidea: caso clinico en un perro blue heeler / Pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid dysplasia: case report on a blue heeler dog / Estenose pulmonar e displasia de tricúspide: relato de caso em um cão da raça blue heeler

La estenosis pulmonar (EP) es un defecto cardíaco congénito relativamente común en perros, puede estar presente solo o en asociación con otros defectos cardíacos congénitos como la displasia tricuspidea (DT). Ambas condiciones pueden conducir a insuficiencia cardíaca derecha. El presente trabajo pretende revisar brevemente la literatura y describir el caso citado de un perro, 10 meses, raza blue heeler que fue atendido con disminución del apetito, aumento del volumen abdominal y disnea. Después del tratamento inicial se realizó examen ecocardiograma, que era compatible con estenosis pulmonar y displasia tricuspídea.(AU)

Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is a relatively common congenital heart defect in dogs and may be present alone or in association with other congenital heart defects such as tricuspid dysplasia (TD). Both conditions can potentially lead right heart failure. This paper aims to describe a case of a 10-month old blue heeler dog which was presented with a history of decreased appetite, increased abdominal volume and dyspnea. After the first medical aid, the animal was sent to echocardiogram, which was compatible with pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid dysplasia.(AU)

A estenose pulmonar (EP) é uma cardiopatia congênita relativamente comum em cães, podendo estar presente isoladamente ou em associação a outras cardiopatias congênitas, como a displasia de válvula tricúspide (DT). Ambas as condições podem potencialmente levar a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva direita. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o caso de um cão de 10 meses da raça blue heeler atendido com histórico de hiporexia, aumento de volume abdominal e dispneia. Após o atendimento inicial, o animal foi encaminhado para exame de ecocardiograma que mostrou imagem compatível com estenose pulmonar e displasia de tricúspide.

Estenosis pulmonar y displasia tricuspidea: caso clinico en un perro blue heeler / Pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid dysplasia: case report on a blue heeler dog / Estenose pulmonar e displasia de tricúspide: relato de caso em um cão da raça blue heeler

La estenosis pulmonar (EP) es un defecto cardíaco congénito relativamente común en perros, puede estar presente solo o en asociación con otros defectos cardíacos congénitos como la displasia tricuspidea (DT). Ambas condiciones pueden conducir a insuficiencia cardíaca derecha. El presente trabajo pretende revisar brevemente la literatura y describir el caso citado de un perro, 10 meses, raza blue heeler que fue atendido con disminución del apetito, aumento del volumen abdominal y disnea. Después del tratamento inicial se realizó examen ecocardiograma, que era compatible con estenosis pulmonar y displasia tricuspídea.

Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is a relatively common congenital heart defect in dogs and may be present alone or in association with other congenital heart defects such as tricuspid dysplasia (TD). Both conditions can potentially lead right heart failure. This paper aims to describe a case of a 10-month old blue heeler dog which was presented with a history of decreased appetite, increased abdominal volume and dyspnea. After the first medical aid, the animal was sent to echocardiogram, which was compatible with pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid dysplasia.

A estenose pulmonar (EP) é uma cardiopatia congênita relativamente comum em cães, podendo estar presente isoladamente ou em associação a outras cardiopatias congênitas, como a displasia de válvula tricúspide (DT). Ambas as condições podem potencialmente levar a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva direita. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o caso de um cão de 10 meses da raça blue heeler atendido com histórico de hiporexia, aumento de volume abdominal e dispneia. Após o atendimento inicial, o animal foi encaminhado para exame de ecocardiograma que mostrou imagem compatível com estenose pulmonar e displasia de tricúspide.

Anomalous chordae tendineae associated with mitral valve dysplasia in a cat

A rare case of anomalous chordae tendineae associated with mitral valve dysplasia was observed during necropsy in a 5- year-old male Persian cat with a history of sudden death. Grossly, there was thickening of the mitral valve, which was connected to numerous, short and thickened chordae tendineae that were ectopically inserted into the myocardium. In addition, marked left atrial dilation and pulmonary congestion and edema were present.

Anomalous chordae tendineae associated with mitral valve dysplasia in a cat

A rare case of anomalous chordae tendineae associated with mitral valve dysplasia was observed during necropsy in a 5- year-old male Persian cat with a history of sudden death. Grossly, there was thickening of the mitral valve, which was connected to numerous, short and thickened chordae tendineae that were ectopically inserted into the myocardium. In addition, marked left atrial dilation and pulmonary congestion and edema were present.(AU)

Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva secundária a displasia de tricúspide em cão - relato de caso / Congestive heart failure secondary to tricuspid dysplasia in dog - case report / Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva secundaria a displasia tricúspide en perro - relato de caso

A displasia de tricúspide (DT) é uma afecção congênita caracterizada pelo subdesenvolvimento dessa valva. Quase a totalidade dos pacientes que apresentam essa condição são de raças grandes, sendo rara em cães sem raça definida (SRD), em especial de pequeno porte. A anamnese e o exame físico são essenciais para o diagnóstico, que deve ser confirmado por exames complementares. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela SRD de cinco meses que apresentava dispneia, ascite e sopro cardíaco. Suspeitou-se de cardiopatia congênita, razão pela qual foram requisitados exames complementares. Realizou- se um ecodopplercardiograma no qual se constatou dilatação de câmaras, hipertensão pulmonar e DT. A conduta terapêutica incluiu a administração de furosemida, benazepril, espironolactona, pimobendan e sildenafil. Houve ótima resposta à terapia, e a paciente continua estável após dezessete meses de tratamento.

Tricuspid dysplasia (TD) is a genetic ailment characterized by the underdevelopment of the tricuspid valve. The disease is diagnosed almost exclusively in large breed dogs, rarely occurring in small or mixed breed animals. Initial clinical suspicion is generally confirmed by laboratory and image examination. In this report, we describe the case of a five-month-old female mixed-breed dog that initially presented dyspnea, ascites, and cardiac murmur. Clinical suspicion led to complementary examination by doppler echocardiography, which revealed chamber dilation, pulmonary hypertension, and TD. Therapeutic conduct included administration of furosemide, benazepril, spironolactone, pimobendan and sildenafil. The patient responded well to treatment and is still stable seventeen months after therapy onset.

La displasia tricúspide (DT) es una enfermedad congénita caracterizada por falta de desarrollo de esa válvula. Casi todos los pacientes que presentan esta condición son de razas grandes, siendo rara en perros mestizos, y particularmente en aquellas razas pequeñas. La anamnesis y el examen físico son esenciales para et diagnóstico, que debe ser confirmado a través de exámenes complementarios. Se relata el caso de una perra mestiza de cinco meses que presentaba disnea, ascitis y soplo cardíaco. Se sospechó de una cardiopatia congénita, siendo indicada la realización de exámenes complementarios . Fue realizado un eco doppler cardiograma donde se comprobó la dilatación de las cámaras , hipertensión pulmonar y DT. El tratamiento consistió en la administración de furosemida, benazepril. Espironolactona, pimodenban y sildenafil. Hubo una excelente respuesta a la terapia, y la paciente continúa estable después de dezesiete meses de tratamiento.

Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva secundária a displasia de tricúspide em cão - relato de caso / Congestive heart failure secondary to tricuspid dysplasia in dog - case report / Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva secundaria a displasia tricúspide en perro - relato de caso

A displasia de tricúspide (DT) é uma afecção congênita caracterizada pelo subdesenvolvimento dessa valva. Quase a totalidade dos pacientes que apresentam essa condição são de raças grandes, sendo rara em cães sem raça definida (SRD), em especial de pequeno porte. A anamnese e o exame físico são essenciais para o diagnóstico, que deve ser confirmado por exames complementares. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela SRD de cinco meses que apresentava dispneia, ascite e sopro cardíaco. Suspeitou-se de cardiopatia congênita, razão pela qual foram requisitados exames complementares. Realizou- se um ecodopplercardiograma no qual se constatou dilatação de câmaras, hipertensão pulmonar e DT. A conduta terapêutica incluiu a administração de furosemida, benazepril, espironolactona, pimobendan e sildenafil. Houve ótima resposta à terapia, e a paciente continua estável após dezessete meses de tratamento.(AU)

Tricuspid dysplasia (TD) is a genetic ailment characterized by the underdevelopment of the tricuspid valve. The disease is diagnosed almost exclusively in large breed dogs, rarely occurring in small or mixed breed animals. Initial clinical suspicion is generally confirmed by laboratory and image examination. In this report, we describe the case of a five-month-old female mixed-breed dog that initially presented dyspnea, ascites, and cardiac murmur. Clinical suspicion led to complementary examination by doppler echocardiography, which revealed chamber dilation, pulmonary hypertension, and TD. Therapeutic conduct included administration of furosemide, benazepril, spironolactone, pimobendan and sildenafil. The patient responded well to treatment and is still stable seventeen months after therapy onset.(AU)

La displasia tricúspide (DT) es una enfermedad congénita caracterizada por falta de desarrollo de esa válvula. Casi todos los pacientes que presentan esta condición son de razas grandes, siendo rara en perros mestizos, y particularmente en aquellas razas pequeñas. La anamnesis y el examen físico son esenciales para et diagnóstico, que debe ser confirmado a través de exámenes complementarios. Se relata el caso de una perra mestiza de cinco meses que presentaba disnea, ascitis y soplo cardíaco. Se sospechó de una cardiopatia congénita, siendo indicada la realización de exámenes complementarios . Fue realizado un eco doppler cardiograma donde se comprobó la dilatación de las cámaras , hipertensión pulmonar y DT. El tratamiento consistió en la administración de furosemida, benazepril. Espironolactona, pimodenban y sildenafil. Hubo una excelente respuesta a la terapia, y la paciente continúa estable después de dezesiete meses de tratamiento.(AU)

Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva secundária à anomalia de Ebstein em um boxer de cinco meses de idade - relato de caso / Congestive heart failure secondary to Ebstein`s anomaly in a five-month-old boxer – case report / Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva secundaria a anomalía de Ebstein en un bóxer de cinco meses de edad – relato de caso

A anomalia de Ebstein é uma doença cardíaca congênita rara, variante da displasia valvar da tricúspide. É caracterizada pela localização mais apical dos folhetos da valva tricúspide dentro do ventrículo direito. A patogenia é pouco conhecida, sendo maior a incidência nas raças labrador, golden retrivier e boxer. Os sinais clínicos variam desde ausência de sintomas até todos aqueles relacionados a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva direita. Essa variação depende do grau de deformidade anatômica dos folhetos valvares e da consequente insuficiência valvar. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de anamnese, exame físico e complementar, principalmente com a utilização de ecocardiograma. O tratamento consiste em suporte inotrópico, vasodilatadores, diuréticos, antiarrítmicos e oxigenioterapia. O objetivo deste relato é descrever a ocorrência da anomalia de Ebstein em um cão da raça boxer de cinco meses de idade.

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease related to tricuspid valve dysplasia. It is characterized by an apical displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets within the right ventricle. Little is known about the pathogenesis; Labrador, Golden Retriever and Boxer are the most affected breeds. Clinical signs vary from no symptoms at all to those related to right congestive heart failure. This variation depends on the degree of anatomical deformity of the valve leaflets and the consequent valve failure. Diagnosis is achieved through clinical history, physical examination and complementary exams, particularly with the use of echocardiography. Treatment consists of inotropic support, vasodilators, diuretics, antiarrhythmic drugs and oxygen. The purpose of this report is to describe the occurrence of Ebstein's anomaly in a five-month-old boxer.

La anomalía de Ebstein es una enfermedad cardíaca congénita rara, variante de la displasia valvar de tricúspide. Está caracterizada por la localización mas apical de los folletos de la válvula tricúspide. La patogenia no está totalmente definida, siendo su incidencia mayor en Labrador, Golden Retriever y Bóxer. Los signos clínicos varían desde la ausencia de síntomas, hasta la presencia de todos aquellos relacionados con la insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva derecha. Esta variación depende del grado de deformación anatómica de los folletos valvares, y, consecuentemente, de la insuficiencia valvar. El diagnóstico se realiza a través de anamnesis, examen físico y exámenes complementarios, principalmente el ecocardiograma. El tratamiento se basa en el soporte inotrópico, vasodilatadores, diuréticos, anti arrítmicos y oxigeno terapia. El objetivo del presente relato es describir un caso de anomalía de Ebstein en un cachorro Bóxer de cinco meses de edad.

Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva secundária à anomalia de Ebstein em um boxer de cinco meses de idade - relato de caso / Congestive heart failure secondary to Ebstein`s anomaly in a five-month-old boxer case report / Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva secundaria a anomalía de Ebstein en un bóxer de cinco meses de edad relato de caso

A anomalia de Ebstein é uma doença cardíaca congênita rara, variante da displasia valvar da tricúspide. É caracterizada pela localização mais apical dos folhetos da valva tricúspide dentro do ventrículo direito. A patogenia é pouco conhecida, sendo maior a incidência nas raças labrador, golden retrivier e boxer. Os sinais clínicos variam desde ausência de sintomas até todos aqueles relacionados a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva direita. Essa variação depende do grau de deformidade anatômica dos folhetos valvares e da consequente insuficiência valvar. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de anamnese, exame físico e complementar, principalmente com a utilização de ecocardiograma. O tratamento consiste em suporte inotrópico, vasodilatadores, diuréticos, antiarrítmicos e oxigenioterapia. O objetivo deste relato é descrever a ocorrência da anomalia de Ebstein em um cão da raça boxer de cinco meses de idade.(AU)

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease related to tricuspid valve dysplasia. It is characterized by an apical displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets within the right ventricle. Little is known about the pathogenesis; Labrador, Golden Retriever and Boxer are the most affected breeds. Clinical signs vary from no symptoms at all to those related to right congestive heart failure. This variation depends on the degree of anatomical deformity of the valve leaflets and the consequent valve failure. Diagnosis is achieved through clinical history, physical examination and complementary exams, particularly with the use of echocardiography. Treatment consists of inotropic support, vasodilators, diuretics, antiarrhythmic drugs and oxygen. The purpose of this report is to describe the occurrence of Ebstein's anomaly in a five-month-old boxer.(AU)

La anomalía de Ebstein es una enfermedad cardíaca congénita rara, variante de la displasia valvar de tricúspide. Está caracterizada por la localización mas apical de los folletos de la válvula tricúspide. La patogenia no está totalmente definida, siendo su incidencia mayor en Labrador, Golden Retriever y Bóxer. Los signos clínicos varían desde la ausencia de síntomas, hasta la presencia de todos aquellos relacionados con la insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva derecha. Esta variación depende del grado de deformación anatómica de los folletos valvares, y, consecuentemente, de la insuficiencia valvar. El diagnóstico se realiza a través de anamnesis, examen físico y exámenes complementarios, principalmente el ecocardiograma. El tratamiento se basa en el soporte inotrópico, vasodilatadores, diuréticos, anti arrítmicos y oxigeno terapia. El objetivo del presente relato es describir un caso de anomalía de Ebstein en un cachorro Bóxer de cinco meses de edad.(AU)

Tricuspid valve dysplasia and Ebstein's anomaly in dogs: case report / Displasia da valva tricúspide e anomalia de Ebstein em cães: relato de caso

Two cases of tricuspid valve dysplasia are reported. Dogs were presented for evaluation of weakness and ascites. In both cases, echocardiography disclosed tricuspid insufficiency and, in one of them, tricuspid leaflets also were displaced down into the right ventricle, substantiating Ebstein's anomaly. Medical therapy for congestive heart failure was initiated. One of the dogs suddenly died shortly after diagnosis was established. Although the other dog recovered much better initially, sudden death also occurred. Post-mortem examinations showed right atrioventricular enlargement, and thickened tricuspid leaflets. Clinical features, diagnostic methods and medical therapy are discussed in this paper.(AU)

Dois casos de displasia da valva tricúspide são relatados neste trabalho. Os cães foram avaliados devido à fraqueza e presença de ascite. Em ambos os casos, o exame ecocardiográfico mostrou insuficiência tricúspide e, em um deles, a inserção dos folhetos da valva tricúspide encontrava-se deslocada para baixo do ventrículo direito, caracterizando a anomalia de Ebstein. A terapia medicamentosa para insuficiência cardíaca congestiva foi iniciada, mas um dos animais veio a óbito subitamente alguns dias após o diagnóstico. O outro cão, apesar de inicialmente ter apresentado melhora significativa do quadro clínico, apresentou morte súbita. A necropsia dos animais revelou dilatação atrioventricular direita e folhetos tricúspides espessados. As características clínicas, métodos de diagnóstico e terapia medicamentosa são discutidas neste artigo.(AU)

Tricuspid dysplasia associated to Ebsteins anomaly in dog: a case report / Displasia de tricúspide associada à anomalia de Ebstein em cão: relato de caso

Tricuspid dysplasia (TD), with or without Ebsteins anomaly, is an unusual congenital malformation in dogs (Liu; Tilley6, 1976; Eyster et al.4, 1977; Netter9, 1978; Moise8, 1994). It is characterized by focal or diffuse thickening of the leaflets, underdevelopment of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles, incomplete separation of valve components from the ventricular wall, and focal agenesis of valvular tissue. Simultaneously or not to the tricuspid dysplasia, the downward displacement of the leaflets into the right ventriculars wall may occur, and this condition is known asEbsteins anomaly (Liu; Tilley6, 1976; Eyster et al.4, 1977; Moise8, 1994). The authors relate a case of tricuspid dysplasia associed to Ebsteins malformation in a male Weimaraner, 3-months aged, whose diagnosis was based on physical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic exams. The dog did well the following 15 monthsafter diagnosis but died suddenly; the congenital alterations were confirmed at necropsy.

A displasia da tricúspide, associada ou não à anomalia de Ebstein, não é das cardiopatias mais freqüentes em cães (Liu; Tilley6, 1976; Eyster et al.A, 1977; Netter9, 1978; Moise8, 1994). A displasia da tricúspide caracteriza-se pelo espessamento focal ou difuso dos folhetos valvulares, subdesenvolvimento das cordoalhas tendíneas e músculos papilares, separação incompleta dos componentes valvares da parede ventricular, além da agenesia do tecido valvular. Simultaneamente ou não a esta valvulopatia congênita, pode ocorrer a inserção mais baixa do aparelhovalvar na parede do ventrículo direito, condição esta conhecida como anomalia de Ebstein (Liu; Tilley6, 1976; Eyster et a i*, 1977; Moise8, 1994). No presente relato, os autores descrevem um caso de displasia da tricúspide associada à malformação de Ebstein, em cão Weimaraner, macho, de 3 meses de idade, cujo diagnóstico clínico foi estribado noexame físico, eletrocardiográfico, radiográfico e ecocardiográfico. O animal apresentou uma sobrevida de 15 meses após a realização do diagnóstico, vindo a óbito de forma súbita e natural, e a existência das alterações congênitas foram confirmadas no exame necroscópico.

Tricuspid dysplasia associated to Ebsteins anomaly in dog: a case report / Displasia de tricúspide associada à anomalia de Ebstein em cão: relato de caso

Tricuspid dysplasia (TD), with or without Ebsteins anomaly, is an unusual congenital malformation in dogs (Liu; Tilley6, 1976; Eyster et al.4, 1977; Netter9, 1978; Moise8, 1994). It is characterized by focal or diffuse thickening of the leaflets, underdevelopment of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles, incomplete separation of valve components from the ventricular wall, and focal agenesis of valvular tissue. Simultaneously or not to the tricuspid dysplasia, the downward displacement of the leaflets into the right ventriculars wall may occur, and this condition is known asEbsteins anomaly (Liu; Tilley6, 1976; Eyster et al.4, 1977; Moise8, 1994). The authors relate a case of tricuspid dysplasia associed to Ebsteins malformation in a male Weimaraner, 3-months aged, whose diagnosis was based on physical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic exams. The dog did well the following 15 monthsafter diagnosis but died suddenly; the congenital alterations were confirmed at necropsy.

A displasia da tricúspide, associada ou não à anomalia de Ebstein, não é das cardiopatias mais freqüentes em cães (Liu; Tilley6, 1976; Eyster et al.A, 1977; Netter9, 1978; Moise8, 1994). A displasia da tricúspide caracteriza-se pelo espessamento focal ou difuso dos folhetos valvulares, subdesenvolvimento das cordoalhas tendíneas e músculos papilares, separação incompleta dos componentes valvares da parede ventricular, além da agenesia do tecido valvular. Simultaneamente ou não a esta valvulopatia congênita, pode ocorrer a inserção mais baixa do aparelhovalvar na parede do ventrículo direito, condição esta conhecida como anomalia de Ebstein (Liu; Tilley6, 1976; Eyster et a i*, 1977; Moise8, 1994). No presente relato, os autores descrevem um caso de displasia da tricúspide associada à malformação de Ebstein, em cão Weimaraner, macho, de 3 meses de idade, cujo diagnóstico clínico foi estribado noexame físico, eletrocardiográfico, radiográfico e ecocardiográfico. O animal apresentou uma sobrevida de 15 meses após a realização do diagnóstico, vindo a óbito de forma súbita e natural, e a existência das alterações congênitas foram confirmadas no exame necroscópico.

Tricuspid valve dysplasia in a domestic feline: case report / Displasia valvar tricúspide em um felino doméstico: relato de caso

Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is a congenital heart defect described in dogs and cats; however, in Brazil there are no reports of this condition in cats. Therefore, our goal was to report a case of TVD in a domestic cat. A four-year-old, female, domestic short hair cat that was seen at the Cardiology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo, for apathy, appetite loss and dyspnea for five days. During physical examination, dyspnea with a restrictive respiratory pattern due to pleural effusion was observed. Thoracocentesis was performed and 450 mL of serosanguineous fluid was drained. Two-dimensional echocardiography in the right parasternal short-axis plane at the level of the papillary muscles showed right ventricular dilatation and paradoxical septal motion. On the left parasternal apical four-chamber view, significant dilatation of the right chambers, loss of mobility of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and a thickened mural leaflet chordae with anomalous insertion were observed. Based on clinical and echocardiographic aspects, a diagnosis of TVD was given. Treatment was initiated with enalapril 0.5 mg/kg, furosemide 0.5 mg/kg and pimobendan 0.3 mg/kg every 12 hours, all per os. The patient experienced remission of clinical manifestations and survived for 50 days after diagnosis.

Displasia valvar tricúspide (DVT) é um defeito cardíaco congênito descrito em cães e gatos. Entretanto no Brasil ainda não há relato desta cardiopatia em felinos. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar um caso de DVT em um felino doméstico. Uma gata de pelo curto, com quatro anos de idade foi atendida no Serviço de Cardiologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de São Paulo, apresentando apatia, perda de apetite e dispneia há cinco dias. Durante o exame físico observou-se dispneia com padrão respiratório restritivo devido a presença de efusão pleural. Foram drenados 450 mL de líquido serosanguinolento por meio de toracocentese. O ecocardiograma no modo bidimensional, pela janela paraesternal direita, ao eixo curto transversal ao nível dos músculos papilares, revelou hipertrofia excêntrica do ventrículo direito e movimento septal paradoxal. Pela vista apical quatro câmaras, na janela paraesternal esquerda, observou-se importante remodelamento de câmaras cardíacas direitas. A valva tricúspide apresentou-se com perda de mobilidade de sua cúspide septal e espessamento de cordoalha tendínea da cúspide mural, com inserção anômala. Com base nos aspectos clínicos e ecocardiográficos, instituiu-se o dianóstico de DVT. Iniciou-se o tratamento com enalapril (0,5 mg/kg), furosemida (0,5 mg/kg) e pimobendan (0,3 mg/kg), pela via oral a cada 12 horas. O paciente apresentou remissão das manif

Tricuspid valve dysplasia in a domestic feline: case report / Displasia valvar tricúspide em um felino doméstico: relato de caso

Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is a congenital heart defect described in dogs and cats; however, in Brazil there are no reports of this condition in cats. Therefore, our goal was to report a case of TVD in a domestic cat. A four-year-old, female, domestic short hair cat that was seen at the Cardiology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo, for apathy, appetite loss and dyspnea for five days. During physical examination, dyspnea with a restrictive respiratory pattern due to pleural effusion was observed. Thoracocentesis was performed and 450 mL of serosanguineous fluid was drained. Two-dimensional echocardiography in the right parasternal short-axis plane at the level of the papillary muscles showed right ventricular dilatation and paradoxical septal motion. On the left parasternal apical four-chamber view, significant dilatation of the right chambers, loss of mobility of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and a thickened mural leaflet chordae with anomalous insertion were observed. Based on clinical and echocardiographic aspects, a diagnosis of TVD was given. Treatment was initiated with enalapril 0.5 mg/kg, furosemide 0.5 mg/kg and pimobendan 0.3 mg/kg every 12 hours, all per os. The patient experienced remission of clinical manifestations and survived for 50 days after diagnosis.

Displasia valvar tricúspide (DVT) é um defeito cardíaco congênito descrito em cães e gatos. Entretanto no Brasil ainda não há relato desta cardiopatia em felinos. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar um caso de DVT em um felino doméstico. Uma gata de pelo curto, com quatro anos de idade foi atendida no Serviço de Cardiologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de São Paulo, apresentando apatia, perda de apetite e dispneia há cinco dias. Durante o exame físico observou-se dispneia com padrão respiratório restritivo devido a presença de efusão pleural. Foram drenados 450 mL de líquido serosanguinolento por meio de toracocentese. O ecocardiograma no modo bidimensional, pela janela paraesternal direita, ao eixo curto transversal ao nível dos músculos papilares, revelou hipertrofia excêntrica do ventrículo direito e movimento septal paradoxal. Pela vista apical quatro câmaras, na janela paraesternal esquerda, observou-se importante remodelamento de câmaras cardíacas direitas. A valva tricúspide apresentou-se com perda de mobilidade de sua cúspide septal e espessamento de cordoalha tendínea da cúspide mural, com inserção anômala. Com base nos aspectos clínicos e ecocardiográficos, instituiu-se o dianóstico de DVT. Iniciou-se o tratamento com enalapril (0,5 mg/kg), furosemida (0,5 mg/kg) e pimobendan (0,3 mg/kg), pela via oral a cada 12 horas. O pac