MORFOMETRIA DOS DÍGITOS E ENFERMIDADES DIGITAIS EM FÊMEAS BOVINAS DESTINADAS À PRODUÇÃO LEITEIRA ANNA

RESUMO

Objetivou-se verificar, através da morfometria tradicional, os parâmetros morfométricos dos dígitos laterais e mediais dos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo, e relacioná-los a incidência de doenças podais, peso e com a longevidade produtiva em 169 fêmeas leiteiras lactantes e não lactantes, dos grupos genéticos Holandês, Jersey e Pardo Suíço criados sob sistema intensivo e Jersolando, em regime semi-intensivo. Foram capturadas imagens da vista plantar dos dígitos, para obtenção das medidas bem como para a identificação e determinação das patologias podais. Constatou-se maior acometimento nos grupos Holandês e Pardo Suíço, nas vacas lactantes e nos dígitos do membro direito. Por meio da análise fatorial verificou-se que os valores das comunalidades para as medidas dos dígitos foram altas. Mediante a ANOVA verificou-se que houveram variações das médias dos tamanhos dos dígitos, com diferenças significativas entre os grupo genéticos. Essas diferenças também foram observadas via MANOVA, com o Jersey ficando isolado, por apresentar valores inferiores para todas as variáveis, quando comparado aos demais (Holandês, Pardo Suíço e Jersolando), que compuseram um mesmo grupo a parte. Esses últimos apresentaram maiores valores para peso, longevidade produtiva e tamanhos dos dígitos, associados a maiores índices de doenças podais. Para identificação da variação da forma e tamanho, bem como a sua relação com enfermidades podais nos dígitos, utilizou-se a técnica da morfometria geométrica apenas nas raças Holandesa, Pardo Suíça e Jersey. Foram inseridos sete marcos e semimarcos nas regiões da junção sola/talão, muralha axial, abaxial, pinça e espaço interdigital dos dígitos laterais e mediais do membro pélvico direito. As enfermidades podais mais frequentes foram a úlcera de sola, seguida por doença da linha branca, erosão de talão e dermatite digital, que acometeram principalmente os animais com cascos despigmentados, vacas lactantes e os dígitos laterais. A análise do tamanho foi realizada via ANOVA, a partir do tamanho do centroide, e não se observou diferença para o tamanho do dígito lateral, enquanto que para o digito medial, houve diferença significativa. A análise da forma evidenciou diferenças significativas para ambos os dígitos, com maiores variações nas regiões da pinça, interdígito e junção sola/talão. Por meio da validação cruzada, verificou-se que os animais foram alocados corretamente nas suas respectivas raças, demonstrando a eficiência da morfometria geométrica em associar o animal a sua raça em função da forma dos dígitos. Verificou-se que as raças Holandesa e Pardo Suíça, composta por animais de maior estrutura corpórea e peso, apresentaram de maneira geral dígitos mais largos e curtos e com os maiores acometimentos de enfermidades digitais, quando comparados a Jersey que apresentou dígitos mais estreitos e longos.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to verify the morphometric parameters of the lateral and medial digits of the right and left pelvic limbs by means of traditional morphometric and to relate them to the incidence of foot diseases, weight and productive longevity in 169 lactating and non-lactating dairy females, Of the genetic groups Holstein, Jersey and Swiss Brown raised under intensive system and Jersolando, in semi-intensive regime. Images were taken from the plantar view of the digits, to obtain the measurements as well as for the identification and determination of the foot pathologies. It was found a greater involvement in the Holstein and Swiss Brown groups, in the lactating cows and in the digits of the right limb. Through the factorial analysis, it was verified that the values of the commonalities for the measures of the digits were high. Through ANOVA it was verified that there were variations of the means of the sizes of the digits, with significant differences between the genetic groups. These differences were also observed via MANOVA, with Jersey being isolated, since it presented lower values for all variables, when compared to the others (Holstein, Swiss Brown and Jersolando), which made up the same group separately. The latter presented higher values for weight, productive longevity and digit sizes, associated to higher rates of foot diseases. The geometric morphometric technique was used only in the Holstein, Swiss Brown and Jersey races to identify shape and size variation, as well as its relation with foot diseases in the digits. Seven markers and half - markers were inserted in the regions of the sole / bead joint, axial wall, abaxial, forceps and interdigital space of the lateral and medial digits of the right pelvic limb. The most frequent diseases were solitary ulcer, followed by white line disease, bead erosion and digital dermatitis, which mainly affected the animals with depigmented hooves, lactating cows and the lateral digits. The size analysis was performed by ANOVA, from the centroid size, and no difference was observed for the lateral digit size, whereas for the medial digit, there was a significant difference. The analysis of the shape showed significant differences for both digits, with greater variations in the regions of the forceps, interdigit and sole / bead joint. Through cross-validation, it was verified that the animals were correctly allocated in their respective races, demonstrating the efficiency of the geometric morphometric in associating the animal with its race according to the shape of the digits. It was verified that the Holstein Friesian and Swiss Brown breeds, composed of animals of greater body structure and weight, presented generally digits shorter and shorter and with the greatest affections of digital diseases, when compared to Jersey that presented smaller digits and Long.affections in 150 lactating and non-lactating female bovines of the Holstein, Jersey and Swiss Brown breeds. In the captured images, seven anatomical landmarks were inserted in the regions of sole, bead, axial and abaxial walls, forceps and interdigital space. The Chi-square test showed that the highest occurrence of foot diseases occurred in the lateral digits and in lactating cows. Through analysis of major components, the three races were allocated separately. The analysis of the shape showed that the Jersey had longer and narrower digits, while the Holstein and the Brown Swiss had larger and shorter digits, with the greatest variation occurring in the regions of the sole / bead and interdigital junction and were the races more affected. Through the cross-validation analysis, it was verified that the animals were allocated correctly in their respective races, demonstrating the efficiency of the geometric morphometric in associating the animal with its race according to the shape of the digits. For size analysis, significant differences (p <0.01) were observed only for the medial digit, however, there was variation of the digit shape due to the involvement of certain foot disease, and the geometric morphometric showed the anatomical regions where these alterations occurred.