Effect of etodolac hydrazone, a new compound synthesised from etodolac, on spermatozoon quality, testicular lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and spermatozoon DNA integrity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of etodolac hydrazone (EH), a new compound synthesised from etodolac, on spermatozoon quality, testicular lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and spermatozoon DNA integrity in rats. Group 1 (n = 8) received 1 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) daily (Control); group 2 (n = 8) was treated with 5 mg kg(-1)  day(-1) EH, dissolved in 1 ml DMSO (EH-5); and group 3 (n = 8) was treated with 10 mg kg(-1)  day(-1) EH, dissolved in 1 ml DMSO (EH-10). All administrations were performed by gavage and maintained for 8 weeks. Both doses of EH administration caused significant decreases in absolute and relative weights of testis, whole epididymis, right cauda epididymis, and spermatozoon motility, spermatozoon count in comparison with the control group. Only 10 mg kg(-1)  day(-1) EH administration caused significant decreases in absolute and relative weights of seminal vesicles and serum testosterone level, and significant increases in testicular lipid peroxidation level, and numbers of TUNEL+ apoptotic germ cells and spermatozoa with damaged DNA along with some histopathological damages when compared to the control group. However, body and ventral prostate weight, and testicular antioxidant markers (glutathione, glutathione-peroxidase and catalase), were unaffected significantly by both doses of EH administration. In conclusion, two different doses of EH, in particular its high dose, damage to testicular spermatogenic cells and spermatozoon DNA and, it decreases spermatozoon motility, count and testosterone level in healthy rats.

Recent Progress on Apoptotic Activity of Triazoles.

Apoptosis is often called programmed cell death and is defined as a self-directed cell destruction process. It is different from necrosis due to the activation of caspases during this process. Apoptosis is directly related to cancer progression and plays a vital role in carcinogenesis; all cytotoxic drugs and radiation therapy programs initiate apoptosis in tumor cells. Today, studies show that heterocyclic compounds that contain triazole functionality have anticancer activities; triazoles are 5- membered rings, which contain two carbon and three nitrogen atoms. Therefore, many researchers have synthesized these small active compounds as target structures and evaluated their apoptotic activities. The present review describes recent medicinal aspects of triazoles as anticancer agents that have been reported during the past few years. We hope that the bioactivity of triazole derivatives will be beneficial for the rational design of a new generation of small molecule drugs.