Performance assessment of hybrid PEMFC-solar energy integrated hybrid multi-generation system for energy production sport buildings.

Polymer membrane electrolyzers are a useful tool for producing hydrogen, which is a renewable energy source. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) fuel cells can be powered by the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolyzer. The primary losses of polymer membrane electrolyzers must therefore be identified in order to maximize their performance. A renewable-based multi-energy system considers power, cooling, heating, and hydrogen energy as utility systems for integrated sport buildings. In this study, we investigate the effect of radiation intensity, current density, and other performance factors on the rate of hydrogen production in water electrolysis using a polymer membrane electrolyzer in combination with a solar concentrator. The findings showed that a rise in hydrogen generation led to an increase in current density, which increased the electrolyzer's voltage and decreased its energy and exergy efficiencies. The voltage was also increased, and the electrolyzer's efficiency was enhanced by a rise in temperature, a decrease in pressure, and a reduction in the thickness of the nafion membrane. Additionally, with a 145% increase in radiation intensity, hydrogen production increased by 110% while the electrolyzer's energy and exergy efficiencies decreased by 13.8% as a result of the electrolyzer's high input electric current to hydrogen output ratio.

Influence of ABCB1, CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms on prothrombin time and the residual equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in real clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: The study of ABCB1 and CYP3A4/3A5 gene polymorphism genes is promising in terms of their influence on prothrombin time variability, the residual equilibrium concentration of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation and the development of new personalized approaches to anticoagulation therapy in these patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of ABCB1 (rs1045642) C>T; ABCB1 (rs4148738) C>T and CYP3A5 (rs776746) A>G, CYP3A4*22(rs35599367) C>T gene polymorphisms on prothrombin time level and residual equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS: In total 86 patients (42 men and 44 female), aged 67.24 ± 1.01 years with atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the study. HPLC mass spectrometry analysis was used to determine rivaroxaban residual equilibrium concentration. Prothrombin time data were obtained from patient records. RESULTS: The residual equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban in patients with ABCB1 rs4148738 CT genotype is significantly higher than in patients with ABCB1 rs4148738 CC (P = 0.039). The analysis of the combination of genotypes did not find a statistically significant role of combinations of alleles of several polymorphic markers in increasing the risk of hemorrhagic complications when taking rivaroxaban. CONCLUSION: Patients with ABCB1 rs4148738 CT genotype have a statistically significantly higher residual equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban in blood than patients with ABCB1 rs4148738 CC genotype, which should be considered when assessing the risk of hemorrhagic complications and risk of drug-drug interactions. Further studies of the effect of rivaroxaban pharmacogenetics on the safety profile and efficacy of therapy are needed.

Clinically relevant pharmacogenetic markers in Tatars and Balkars.

This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of CYP2C9*2 (p.430C > T, rs1799853), CYP2C9*3 (p.1075A > C, rs1057910), CYP4F2*3 (p.1297G > A, rs2108622), CYP2C19*2 (p.681G > A, rs4244285), CYP2C19*3 (p.636G > A, rs4986893), CYP2C19*17 (p.1260C > A, rs12248560), ABCB1 (p.3435C > T, rs1045642), CYP2D6*4 (p.1846G > A, rs3892097), SLCO1B1*5 (p.521T > C, rs4149056) and CES1 (p.1168-33A > C, rs2244613) among Tatars and Balkars ethnic groups living in Russia to provide a basis for future clinical studies concerning on understanding of population-level differences in drug response. The study involved 341 apparently healthy, unrelated, and chronic medication-free volunteers of both sexes of ethnic groups of Tatars and Balkars living in Volga and Caucasus regions of Russia. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The allelic prevalence of studied markers in ethnic groups were compared with Russians as a largest ethnic group in Russia. Statistically significant differences for the following gene polymorphisms were found between both ethnic groups in respect of different markers and with Russians. Our study shows differences in prevalence of the main relevant pharmacogenetic markers in Tatars and Balkars. These findings should be taken into consideration for personalization algorithms development and pharmacogenetics implementation in regions with ethnic minorities as Russia has.

Genetic determinants of dabigatran safety (CES1 gene rs2244613 polymorphism) in the Russian population: multi-ethnic analysis.

This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of the CES1 gene (c.1168-33A > C, rs2244613) polymorphism among 12 different ethnic groups living in Russia to provide a basis for future clinical studies concerning genetic determinants of dabigatran safety. The study involved 1630 apparently healthy, unrelated, and chronic medication-free volunteers of both genders from 12 different ethnic groups in Russia: 136 Russians, 90 Avars, 50 Dargins, 46 Laks, 120 Kabardians, 112 Balkars, 244 Ossetians, 206 Mari, 204 Mordvinians, 238 Chuvashes, 114 Buryats and 70 Nanays. Genotyping was performed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The allelic prevalence of the ethnic groups was compared with Caucasus population participating in the RE-LY study. Statistically significant differences for the following gene polymorphism were found between all ethnic groups and RE-LY participants. Based on obtained results, it can be assumed that patients of all ethnic groups living in Russia taking dabigatran have a lower risk of bleeding.

Pharmacogenetic markers of development of angioneurotic edema as a secondary side effect to enalapril in patients with essential arterial hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Angioneurotic edema is the most dangerous complication in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) therapy. Based on the current data, the clinical and genetic predictors of angioedema development are still understudied, which demonstrates the relevance of this study. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the pharmacogenetic predictors of the angioedema as a secondary side effect to enalapril in patients with essential arterial hypertension. METHODS: The study enrolled 111 subjects randomized into two groups: study group, patients with the angioedema as a secondary side effect to enalapril; and control group, patients without adverse drug reaction. All patients underwent pharmacogenetic testing. RESULTS: An association between the development of the angioneurotic edema and the genotypes AA rs2306283 of gene SLCO1B1, TT rs4459610 of gene ACE, and CC rs1799722 of gene BDKRB2 in patients was revealed. CONCLUSION: The findings justify further investigations of the revealed genetic predictors of angioedema with larger-size patient populations.

Utilization of discarded face masks in combination with recycled concrete aggregate and silica fume for sustainable civil construction projects.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has not only had a severe impact on global health but also poses a threat to the environment. This research aims to explore an innovative approach to address the issue of increased waste generated by the pandemic. Specifically, the study investigates the utilization of discarded face masks in combination with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and Silica Fume (SFM) in civil construction projects. The disposable face masks were processed by removing the ear loops and nose strips, and then cutting them into small fibers measuring 20 mm in length, 5 mm in width, and 0.46 mm in thickness, resulting in an aspect ratio of 24. Various proportions of SFM and RCA were incorporated into the concrete mix, with a focus on evaluating the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and durability of the resulting material. The findings indicate that the addition of SFM led to improvements in both compressive and split tensile strength, while no significant impact on durability was observed.

Unveiling cutting-edge developments: architectures and nanostructured materials for application in optoelectronic artificial synapses.

One possible result of low-level characteristics in the traditional von Neumann formulation system is brain-inspired photonics technology based on human brain idea. Optoelectronic neural devices, which are accustomed to imitating the sensory role of biological synapses by adjusting connection measures, can be used to fabricate highly reliable neurologically calculating devices. In this case, nanosized materials and device designs are attracting attention since they provide numerous potential benefits in terms of limited cool contact, rapid transfer fluidity, and the capture of photocarriers. In addition, the combination of classic nanosized photodetectors with recently generated digital synapses offers promising results in a variety of practical applications, such as data processing and computation. Herein, we present the progress in constructing improved optoelectronic synaptic devices that rely on nanomaterials, for example, 0-dimensional (quantum dots), 1-dimensional, and 2-dimensional composites, besides the continuously developing mixed heterostructures. Furthermore, the challenges and potential prospects linked with this field of study are discussed in this paper.

A versatile magnetic nanocomposite based on cellulose-cyclodextrin hydrogel embedded with graphene oxide and Cu2O nanoparticles for catalytic application.

The study focused on creating a novel and environmentally friendly nanocatalyst using cellulose (Cell), ß-Cyclodextrin (BCD), graphene oxide (GO), Cu2O, and Fe3O4.The nanocatalyst was prepared by embedding GO and Cu2O into Cell-BCD hydrogel, followed by the in-situ preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles to magnetize the nanocomposite. The effectiveness of this nanocatalyst was evaluated in the one-pot, three-component symmetric Hantzsch reaction for synthesizing 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives with high yield under mild conditions. This novel nanocatalyst has the potential for broad application in various organic transformations due to its effective catalytic activity, eco-friendly nature, and ease of recovery.

Magnetic nanocomposite based on chitosan-gelatin hydrogel embedded with copper oxide nanoparticles: A novel and promising catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives.

Nanocatalysts are vital in several domains, such as chemical processes, energy generation, energy preservation, and environmental pollution mitigation. An experimental study was conducted at room temperature to evaluate the catalytic activity of the new gelatin-chitosan hydrogel/CuO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite in the asymmetric Hantzsch reaction. All components of the nanocomposite exhibit a synergistic effect as a Lewis acid, promote the reaction. Dimedone, ammonium acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, and other substituted aldehydes were used to synthesize diverse polyhydroquinoline derivatives. The nanocomposite exhibited exceptional efficacy (over 90 %) and durability (retaining 80 % of its original capacity after 5 cycles) as a catalyst in the one-pot asymmetric synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives. Also, turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) have been checked for catalyst (TON and TOF = 50,261 and 100,524 h-1) and products. The experiment demonstrated several benefits, such as exceptional product efficacy, rapid reaction time, functioning at ambient temperature without specific requirements, and effortless separation by the use of an external magnet after the reaction is finished. The results suggest the development of a magnetic nanocatalyst with exceptional performance. The composition of the Ge-CS hydrogel/CuO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was thoroughly analyzed using several methods including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, VSM, BET, and TGA. These analyses yielded useful information into the composition and characteristics of the nanocomposite, hence further enhancing the knowledge of its possible uses.

Integrating of analytical techniques with enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials for the fabrication of microfluidic systems for biomedical analysis.

Bioanalysis faces challenges in achieving fast, reliable, and point-of-care (POC) determination methods for timely diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. POC devices often display lower sensitivity compared to laboratory-based methods, limiting their ability to quantify low concentrations of target analytes. To enhance sensitivity, the synthesis of new materials and improvement of the efficiency of the analytical strategies are necessary. Enzyme-mimicking materials have revolutionized the field of the fabrication of new high-throughput sensing devices. The integration of microfluidic chips with analytical techniques offers several benefits, such as easy miniaturization, need for low biological sample volume, etc., while also enhancing the sensitivity of the probe. The use enzyme-like nanomaterials in microfluidic systems can offer portable strategies for real-time and reliable detection of biological agents. Colorimetry and electrochemical methods are commonly utilized in the fabrication of nanozyme-based microfluidic systems. The review summarizes recent developments in enzyme-mimicking materials-integrated microfluidic analytical methods in biomedical analysis and discusses the current challenges, advantages, and potential future directions.

Functionalization of porous silica with graphene oxide and polyethyleneimine, containing zinc copper ferrite nanoparticles for water treatment and antibacterial application.

The article discusses the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye, a common cationic dye used in the textile industry, from aqueous solutions through an adsorption process. The use of porous components as adsorbents are shown to facilitate complete separation after the process is completed. The substrate was synthesized by connecting zinc copper ferrite (ZnCuFe2O4), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and Graphene Oxide (GO) sheets to MCM-48, which is a mesoporous material. The surface of MCM-48 was modified using CPTMS, which created an O-Si-Cl bridge, thereby improving the adsorption rate. The substrate was shown to have suitable sites for electrostatic interactions and creating hydrogen bonds with MB. The adsorption process from the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9224) and the pseudo-second-order diagram (R2 = 0.9927) demonstrates the adsorption of several layers of dye on the heterogeneous surface of the substrate. The synthesized substrate was also shown to have good bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strain. Furthermore, the substrate maintained its initial ability to adsorb MB dye for four consecutive cycles. The research resulted that ZnCuFe2O4@MCM-48/PEI-GO substrate has the potential for efficient and economical removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions (R = 88.82%) (qmax = 294.1176 mg. g-1), making it a promising solution for the disposal of harmful industrial waste.

CdIn2Se4@chitosan heterojunction nanocomposite with ultrahigh photocatalytic activity under sunlight driven photodegradation of organic pollutants.

This research focused on synthesizing a CdIn2Se4@Ch nanocomposite by doping CdIn2Se4 into chitosan using a photolysis assisted ultrasonic process. The aim was to enhance the photodegradation efficiency of ofloxacin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid under sunlight. The synthesized CdIn2Se4@Ch nanocomposite was investigated via different techniques, including XRD, XPS, FTIR, TEM, DSC, TGA, UV-Vis and PL. The study also investigated the influence of various reaction parameters, including the effects of inorganic and organic ions. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated exceptional efficiency, achieving 86 % and 95 % removal rates, with corresponding rate constants of 0.025 and 0.047 min-1. This performance surpasses that of CdIn2Se4 by approximately 1.35 and 2.25 times, respectively. The values of COD were decreased to 78 and 86 % for ofloxacin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic, while the TOC values decreased to 71 and 84 %, respectively, from their premier values. The improvement in performance is associated with the introduction of CdIn2Se4 into chitosan, resulting in the self-integration of Cd into the catalyst. This creates a localized accumulation point for electrons, enhancing the efficiency of charge separation and further reducing the surface charge of chitosan. Experimental evidence suggests that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals play a significant role in the photodegradation of pollutants. Additionally, the nanocomposite exhibits excellent stability and can be reused up to five times, indicating remarkable stability and reusability of the developed photocatalyst.

Convective heat and mass transfer rate on 3D Williamson nanofluid flow via linear stretching sheet with thermal radiation and heat absorption.

A mathematical analysis is communicated to the thermal radiation and heat absorption effects on 3D MHD Williamson nanoliquid (NFs) motion via stretching sheet. The convective heat and mass boundary conditions are taken in sheet when liquid is motion. As a novelty, the effects of thermal radiation, heat absorption and heat and mass convection are incorporated. The aim is to develop heat transfer. Williamson NFs are most important source of heat absorption, it having many significant applications in "energy generation, HT, aircraft, missiles, electronic cooling systems, gas turbines" etc. The suitable similarity transformations have been utilized for reduce basic governing P.D. E's into coupled nonlinear system of O.D. E's. Obtained O.D. Es are calculated by help of R-K-F ("Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg")4th order procedure with shooting technique in MATLAB programming. We noticed that, the skin friction coefficient is more effective in Williamson liquid motion when compared with NFs motion with higher numerical values of stretching ratio parameter, Williamson liquid motion is high when compared to NFs motion for large values of magnetic field. We compared with present results into previous results for various conditions. Finally, in the present result is good invention of previous results.

Enhanced electrical and magnetic properties of (Co, Yb) co-doped ZnO memristor for neuromorphic computing.

We investigate the morphological, electrical, magnetic, and resistive switching properties of (Co, Yb) co-ZnO for neuromorphic computing. By using hydrothermal synthesized nanoparticles and their corresponding sputtering target, we introduce Co and Yb into the ZnO structure, leading to increased oxygen vacancies and grain volume, indicating grain growth. This growth reduces grain boundaries, enhancing electrical conductivity and room-temperature ferromagnetism in Co and Yb-doped ZnO nanoparticles. We present a sputter-grown memristor with a (Co, Yb) co-ZnO layer between Au electrodes. Characterization confirms the ZnO layer's presence and 100 nm-thick Au electrodes. The memristor exhibits repeatable analog resistance switching, allowing manipulation of conductance between low and high resistance states. Statistical endurance tests show stable resistive switching with minimal dispersion over 100 pulse cycles at room temperature. Retention properties of the current states are maintained for up to 1000 seconds, demonstrating excellent thermal stability. A physical model explains the switching mechanism, involving Au ion migration during "set" and filament disruption during "reset." Current-voltage curves suggest space-charge limited current, emphasizing conductive filament formation. All these results shows good electronic devices and systems towards neuromorphic computing.

Rheological study of Hall current and slip boundary conditions on fluid-nanoparticle phases in a convergent channel.

Purpose: the purpose of this theoretical study was to analyze the heat transfer in the fluid-particle suspension model under the effects of a porous medium, magnetic field, Hall effects, and slip boundary conditions in a convergent channel with the addition of electrokinetic phenomena. The Darcy-Brinkman (non-Darcy porous medium) model was used to assess the effects of the porous medium. Methodology: the rheological equations of both models were transformed into a dimensionless form to obtain the exact solutions of the fluid and particle phase velocities, pressure gradient, volumetric flow rate, stream function, temperature distribution, and heat-transfer rate. To obtain an exact solution to the models, the physical aspects of the parameters are discussed, analyzed, and reported through graphs, contour plots, and in tabular form. Findings: mixing in hafnium particles in a viscous fluid provide 1.2% more cooling compared to with a regular fluid. A reduction of the streamlines was observed with the contribution of the slip condition. The utilization of the Darcy parameters upgraded both the fluid flow and temperature profiles, while the heat-transfer rate decreased by up to 3.3% and 1.7% with the addition of a magnetic field and porous medium, respectively. Originality: the current study is an original work of the authors and has not been submitted nor published elsewhere.

Entropy optimized flow of Sutterby nanomaterial subject to porous medium: Buongiorno nanofluid model.

Owing to enhanced thermal impact of nanomaterials, different applications are suggested in engineering and industrial systems like heat transfer devices, energy generation, extrusion processes, engine cooling, thermal systems, heat exchanger, chemical processes, manufacturing systems, hybrid-powered plants etc. The current communication concerns the optimized flow of Sutterby nanofluid due to stretched surface in view of different thermal sources. The investigation is supported with the applications of external heat source, magnetic force and radiative phenomenon. The irreversibility investigation is deliberated with implementation of thermodynamics second law. The thermophoresis and random movement characteristics are also studied. Additionally, first order binary reaction is also examined. The nonlinear system of the governing problem is obtained which are numerically computed by s method. The physical aspects of prominent flow parameters are attributed graphically. Further, the analysis for entropy generation and Bejan number is focused. It is observed that the velocity profile increases due to Reynolds number and Deborah number. Larger Schmidt number reduces the concentration distribution. Further, the entropy generation is improved against Reynolds number and Brinkman parameter.

Exergy and environmental analysis of a novel turbine inlet air cooling technique for power augmentation in a CCPP based on waste energy.

Combined cycle power plant (CCPP) play a crucial role in providing electricity worldwide. Therefore, researchers and industrialists always focus on developing and improving its performance. One of the factors that affect the performance of CCPPs is weather conditions. As weather conditions change, the air density of the environment changes, which ultimately affects the production power of the gas turbine (GT) and consequently the CCPP. To mitigate the effects of weather on CCPPs' performance, power augmentation methods are developed. In the present research, a novel technique is proposed to reduce the air temperature entering the GT by recovering waste heat from the exhaust gas. The heat content of the exhaust gas is used as the heat source of an ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC), and the produced cooling capacity is used to cool down the air entering the GT. Exergy and environmental analyses are performed to investigate the proposed method's effect on exergy efficiency, environmental factors, and sustainability index. The results indicate that by the proposed method the power production of the CCPP is increased 6.26%.

Multiobjective optimization and performance assessment of a PEM fuel cell-based energy system for multiple products.

In this article, the optimal design of a novel multi-generation system for the production of electricity, cooling, heat and freshwater is discussed. In this system, a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC) is used to generate electricity, and the heat produced by it is absorbed by the Ejector Refrigeration Cycle (ERC) and used to provide cooling and heating capacity. A reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system is also used to supply freshwater. The esign variables in this research are operating temperature and pressure and current density of FC, as well as the operating pressure of the HRVG, evaporator, and condenser of the ERC system. In order to optimize the considered system, the exergy efficiency and total cost rate (TCR) of the system are considered as optimization objective functions. To this end, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used and the Pareto front is extracted. Also, three refrigerants R134a, R600 and R123 areused as ERC system refrigerant and their performance are evaluated. Finally, the optimal design point is selected. At the mentioned point, the exergy efficiency is 70.2% and the TCR of the system is 1.78 S/h.

Underwater wireless sensor network-based multihop data transmission using hybrid cat cheetah optimization algorithm.

For the conservation and sustainable use of the oceanic environment, monitoring of underwater regions is ineluctable and is effectuated with the aid of an underwater wireless sensor network. It is accoutered with smart equipment, vehicles and sensors and utilized for the transmission of acquired data from the monitoring region and forwarded to the sink nodes (SN) where the data are retrieved. Moreover, data transmission from sensor nodes to SN is complicated by the aquatic environment's inherent complexities. To surpass those issues, the work in this article focusesto propose a Hybrid Cat Cheetah optimization algorithm (HC2OA) that purveys the energy efficient clustering based routing. The network is then partitioned into numerous clusters, each of which is led by a cluster head (CH) and comprised of many sub-clusters (CM). Based on the factors such as distance and residual energy the CH selection is optimized and collects data from the respective CMs and forwarded to the SN with a multi-hop transmission approach. The proposed HC2OA chooses the optimized multi-hop route from the CH to SN. Thus mitigates the complexities over multi-hop routing and CH selection. Simulations are effectuated in the NS2 simulator and analyzed the performance. The results of the study show that the proposed work has significant advantages over state-of-the-art works in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and energy consumption. The energy consumption of the proposed work is 0.2 J with a packet delivery ratio is 95%.The network life time of proposed work, with respect to the coverage area around 14 km is approximately 60 h.

Study of the kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic aspects of the removal and recovery of divalent lead heavy metal ions from industrial wastewaters contaminated by vesavin-enriched XAD-11600 amberlite resin.

In this study, we developed a unique adsorbent known as extractant-impregnated resin (EIR) by surface impregnation of XAD-11600 amberlite resin with the Vesavin ligand. This resin demonstrated exceptional selectivity for the absorption of lead (Pb2+) ions from aqueous solutions. The ability of EIR to remove lead from polluted water was studied as a function of experimental parameters, including the kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics of the adsorption process. The experimental results provided the basis for the fitting of equilibrium adsorption isotherms with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of EIR for Pb(II) ions was determined to be approximately 1662 mg/g. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were also conducted to gain insight into the behavior of the adsorption process. It was found that the rate of penetration of lead ions into the particle was the primary factor controlling the absorption process of lead on the surface of the porous adsorbent. Additionally, the studies demonstrated that the EIR can be utilized for multiple absorption and desorption cycles.