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1.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 101(5): 244-257, 2023 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36988119

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. We aimed to investigate and compare the neuroprotective impact of acetyl-l-carnitine and caloric restriction (CR) on AlCl3-induced AD to explore the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of AD. Sixty-seven adult male Wistar rats were allocated into Control, AlCl3, AlCl3-acetyl-l-carnitine, and AlCl3-CR groups. Each of AlCl3 and acetyl-l-carnitine were given by gavage in a daily dose of 100 mg/kg and CR was conducted by giving 70% of the daily average caloric intake of the control group. Rats were subjected to behavioral assessment using open field test, Y maze, novel object recognition test and passive avoidance test, biochemical assay of serum phosphorylated tau (pTau), hippocampal homogenate phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, Beclin-1, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) as well as hippocampal Ki-67 and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry. AlCl3-induced cognitive and behavioral deficits coincident with impaired autophagy and enhanced apoptosis associated with defective neurogenesis and defective astrocyte activation. Acetyl-l-carnitine and CR partially protect against AlCl3-induced behavioral, cognitive, biochemical, and histological changes, with more ameliorative effect of acetyl-l-carnitine on hippocampal apoptotic markers, and more obvious behavioral and histological improvement with CR.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Cloreto de Alumínio/efeitos adversos , Ratos Wistar , Doença de Alzheimer/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Acetilcarnitina/farmacologia , Acetilcarnitina/uso terapêutico , Acetilcarnitina/metabolismo , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Restrição Calórica , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Hipocampo , Apoptose , Autofagia/fisiologia , Neurogênese , Modelos Animais de Doenças
2.
Life Sci ; 353: 122936, 2024 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39094904

RESUMO

Diclofenac (DF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is commonly used to relieve pain and inflammation. High doses of DF might induce acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly in elderly, a known vulnerable population. AIM: We aimed to assess the protective role of melatonin (Mel) on DF-induced AKI in aged rats and to highlight the underpinning mechanisms include, oxidative stress and inflammation focusing on microRNA-34a (miR-34a), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2/hemeoxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) and NLR family-pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathways, and to elucidate the possibility of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty old male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into 3 groups: Control, DF and Mel-DF groups. KEY FINDINGS: Melatonin provided nephroprotective effects against DF-induced AKI via attenuating the expression of renal miR-34a and subsequently promoting the signaling of Nrf2/HO-1 with elevation of the antioxidant defense capacity and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasomes. Melatonin alleviated DF-induced hypernatremia via decreasing the ENaC expression. Renal histopathological examination revealed significant reduction in vascular congestion, mononuclear infiltration, glomerulo-tubular damage, fibrosis and TNF-α optical density. SIGNIFICANCE: It can be assumed that melatonin is a promising safe therapeutic agent in controlling DF-induced AKI in elderly.


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Diclofenaco , Melatonina , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Melatonina/farmacologia , Melatonina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Injúria Renal Aguda/patologia , Ratos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Rim/metabolismo
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