Effects of sensory awareness, imagery and observation on electroencephalography in adult with psychological stress.

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of brain activation using sensory awareness, imagery, and observation in adults with psychological stress. [Participants and Methods] The participants of the study were 30 adults with psychological stress. They responded to questionnaires, including a stress response inventory. Data for brain activation were collected for sensory awareness, imagery, and observation using electroencephalography. To determine the neurological changes in the brain, this study analysed the relative power of sensory motor rhythm of the participants using electroencephalography. [Results] Results showed that the relative power of the sensory motor rhythm was significantly greater during awareness and imagery of sensory than during observation. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that awareness, imagery, and observation of sensation should be considered as useful modalities in people with psychological stress.

Differences in body awareness and its effects on balance function and independence in activities of daily living for stroke.

[Purpose] The present study aimed to investigate the association between body awareness with postural control and independence in performing activities of daily living in patients with hemispheric stroke. Eighty-one patients who were diagnosed with stroke participated in this study. [Participants and Methods] The participants were divided into three groups according to their risk for falls. Furthermore, these participants were classified into four groups according to their degree of independence in performing activities of daily living. This study used three measuring tools, namely the body awareness questionnaire, Berg balance scale, and modified Barthel index. [Results] Body awareness was significantly correlated with balance function in the group with low risk for falls compared with that in the group with high risk for falls. Body awareness was significantly correlated with the degree of independence in performing activities of daily living in the group that needed minimal assistance compared with the groups that needed moderate and severe assistance. Results showed that body awareness was associated with postural control and the degree of independence in performing activities of daily living in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. [Conclusion] Body awareness is among the primary factors that affect the motor function of patients with stroke in rehabilitation settings.

A Scoping Review of the Serious Game-Based Rehabilitation of People with Cerebral Palsy.

In a serious context, individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP) have limited opportunities to engage in social interaction experiences. Through a review, this study provides an explanation and improved evidence of the methods for rehabilitation in games used in serious contexts for people with CP. Articles published from 2010 to 2022 focusing on serious game-based rehabilitation for people with CP are extracted from MEDILINE, Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, and the Web of Science. The articles were assessed based on the McMaster critical review form. This study analyzes the frequencies of goal and assessment tools according to the components using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The evidence of all the studies is presented according to the principles of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) to organize the evidence. A total of 19 articles were selected. Five articles involved Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), six articles involved non-randomized one-group designs, three articles involved single experimental study designs, and five articles were case report designs. In the selected articles, the average score on the McMaster critical review form was 11.8 points. In the game-based rehabilitation for CP, more articles reported goals and assessment tools focusing on body function than goals and assessment tools focusing on activity and participation, according to the ICF. These findings provide a record of past work and identify the evidence to support the application of game-based rehabilitation for people with CP.

A Systematic Review of Interventions Related to Body Awareness in Childhood.

Body image involves perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs concerning one's body, while body schema involves the sensorimotor capacities to control movement and posture. A review study is needed to obtain sufficient data to determine the effect of body awareness on the normal development of children. This study is a systematic review of interventions related to body awareness among typically developing children. Studies focusing on interventions related to body awareness from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed and extracted from four major scientific databases, and the three that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Methods were analyzed by frequency, and the results were analyzed by calculating effect sizes. Two studies involved a nonrandomized two-group design and a single-case experimental study. Two studies targeted early childhood, and one study focused on middle childhood. This review indicates that determining the effectiveness of interventions related to body awareness is necessary for typically developing children because body awareness is a potential influencing factor in their development. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of body awareness assessment tools and interventions.

The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

This was a systematic review of studies examining the effect of COVID-19 on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents. The review was conducted by examining the current literature and analyzing up-to-date evidence. The studies were extracted from three major databases (CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) and analyzed. Studies on children and adolescents whose HRQoL has been affected by COVID-19 were included based on the eligibility criteria. Ultimately, eight studies met these criteria. The evidence of the selected studies was analyzed; the research design, age categories, respondents, evaluation tools, gender differences, and variability before and during COVID-19 were systematically reviewed. This review found differences in these groups regarding oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being. Furthermore, this review highlighted the relative paucity of studies that comprehensively investigate the latest evidence of changes in the HRQoL of children and adolescents due to COVID-19 in preparation for the post-COVID era.

Combined Effects of Virtual Reality and Computer Game-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Development of Visual-Motor Integration in Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: Visual-motor integration is a good indicator of a child's overall developmental and functional level. This study investigated the combined effects of virtual reality (VR) and computer game-based cognitive therapy on the development of visual-motor integration in children with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: The study used a single-group pre-post study design and 13 children with intellectual disabilities who were recruited from a community rehabilitation center participated in the study. We used the Wii VR video game and the CoTras computer game to deliver cognitive therapy over 12 sessions. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) was used to evaluate motor function related to visual-motor integration to identify changes in function, and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (DTVP-2) was used to assess changes in visual perception function associated with visual-motor integration. RESULTS: The VR and computer game-based cognitive therapy has shown significant difference in total standard score of BOT-2 associated with visual-motor integration representing improved motor function (p < 0.01). Comparison of the DTVP-2 scores showed the significant difference in visual-motor integration of spatial relation and visual-motor speed (p < 0.05), motor-reduced visual perception (p < 0.01), and general visual perception (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study provide useful evidence supporting the possibility of combined VR and computer game-based cognitive therapy for children with intellectual disabilities.

Participation based intervention with acquired brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Continued long-term rehabilitation programs with acquired brain injury are important for their participation in meaningful daily activities. OBJECTIVE: This paper investigated the participation-based interventions on outcomes in patients with acquired brain injury. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis search for randomized control trials published between 1998 and 2019 using PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE was performed. Nine studies were selected and analyzed for systematic review. Five studies analyzed the effectiveness of participation-based intervention using meta-analysis and assessed the level of evidence of qualitative studies. RESULTS: A total of 843 publications were searched. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were of high quality. The effective score for improving participation following participation-based interventions in persons with acquired brain injury was 0.32 and significant in this study (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that, in persons with acquired brain injury, participation-based interventions are essential for community living.

Effectiveness of occupation-based interventions on performance's quality for hemiparetic stroke in community-dwelling: A randomized clinical trial study.

BACKGROUND: Occupations define activities that people perform to occupy themselves and that people have meaning and value to them. The use of occupation-based intervention addresses activity daily of living performance. OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the effects of occupation-based interventions on performance's quality for hemiparetic stroke in community-dwelling. METHODS: Forty-three participants were enrolled in this study with a full understanding of the purpose and method of the research and had a diagnosis with hemiparetic stroke. Participants were randomized to one of two treatment groups: Experimental group (n = 23) or control groups (n = 20). The experimental group applied occupation-based intervention and control group applied action focusing intervention. All participants underwent ten treatment sessions during the study period and conducted pre- and post-assessment. Several instruments were used to measure quality of performance. RESULTS: After the intervention training, the qualities of occupational performance were significantly higher in the experimental group applied occupation-based intervention than the control group applied action focusing intervention (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, occupation-based intervention has positive effects on quality of performing daily activities and occupational activities independently in persons with hemiparetic stroke.

Cognitive Rehabilitation of Adaptive Behavior in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Negative behavioral problems often occur following the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders and have an overall impact on the affected children, specifically in terms of their social developmental level. In children, social development behavior has been shown to spontaneously mature over time with the cognitive therapy intervention effects. This study performed a meta-analysis to provide a statistical synopsis of the available evidence of social development behavioral changes following cognitive therapy in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS: Data was collected from two online search engines, including EBSCOhost and PubMed, from January 1, 2006, to August 31, 2016, using the terms "cognition," "cognitive function," and "disease including neurodevelopmental disorder with DSM-5." Two assessors searched the literature using independent inclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of results using the Jadad score. Six articles were chosen using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program (version 2.0). RESULTS: Six articles reporting randomized controlled trial studies were included. The effective scores for improving adaptive behavior following cognitive therapy in children with neurodevelopmental disorder were 0.64. The effective score of adaptive behavior was significant in this study (p < 0.05). The results showed no significant statistical heterogeneity and publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the meta-analysis suggest that cognitive interventions are effective at improving adaptive behavior associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Comparison of Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance and conventional occupational therapy on occupational performance in individuals with stroke: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach based on cognitive strategy in occupational therapy. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of CO-OP approach on occupational performance in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. METHODS: This study was designed as a 5-week, randomized, single-blind. Forty-three participants who had a diagnosis of first stroke were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 20) or the control group (n = 23). The experimental group conducted CO-OP approach while the control group conducted conventional occupational therapy based on occupational performance components. This study measured Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS). Outcome measurements were performed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS: After training, the scores of COPM and PQRS in trained task were significantly higher for the score in the experimental group than the control group. In addition, the non-trained task was significantly higher for the score in the experimental group than the control group in COPM and the PQRS. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the CO-OP approach is beneficial effects on the occupational performance to improvement in individuals with hemiparetic stroke, and have positive effects on generalization and transfer of acquired skills.

Tactile Perception for Stroke Induce Changes in Electroencephalography.

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Tactile perception is a basic way to obtain and evaluate information about an object. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tactile perception on brain activation using two different tactile explorations, passive and active touches, in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. METHODS: Twenty patients who were diagnosed with stroke (8 right brain damaged, 12 left brain damaged) participated in this study. The tactile perception was conducted using passive and active explorations in a sitting position. To determine the neurological changes in the brain, this study measured the brain waves of the participants using electroencephalography (EEG). RESULTS: The relative power of the sensory motor rhythm on the right prefrontal lobe and right parietal lobe was significantly greater during the active tactile exploration compared to the relative power during the passive exploration in the left damaged hemisphere. Most of the measured brain areas showed nonsignificantly higher relative power of the sensory motor rhythm during the active tactile exploration, regardless of which hemisphere was damaged. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provided a neurophysiological evidence on tactile perception in individuals with chronic stroke. Occupational therapists should consider an active tactile exploration as a useful modality on occupational performance in rehabilitation training.