Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Triplet Autograft of Semitendinosus Tendon.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament occurs in young adult population, which markedly reduces activity level. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a threat to the homeostasis of the knee. So, reconstruction of the ACL is necessary to make them fit and return to their pre-injury activity level. The choice of graft for ACL reconstruction is a matter of debate, with the BPTB graft and quadruple graft of ST-G being the two most popular options. Use of triplet graft of semi-tendinosus tendon alone without sacrificing gracilis is another option. So hypothesis was Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with triplet autograft of semi-tendinosus tendon alone is an effective procedure. This prospective interventional study was conducted from October 2011 to March 2013 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fourteen patients who had a unilateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture underwent arthroscopic reconstruction with triplet graft of semi-tendinosus tendon. Accelerated ACL reconstruction rehabilitation protocol was followed and final outcome evaluation done at 24 weeks according to IKDC knee examination form and Lysholm knee scoring scale. Preoperative Lysholm knee score was 52.64 and postoperative score was 90, that shows significant improvement (p<0.05). According to Lysholm knee scoring scale, excellent results (95-100 points) were obtained in 33% patients, good results (85-94 points) in 53% patients, fair and poor (7% each). For arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, choice of semi-tendinosus tendon alone preserving gracilis, comparable outcome as with BPTB/ST-G graft, can be achieved, minimizing the hamstring strength deficit. Moreover gracilis being reserved for future use in revision ACL reconstruction and/or in other reconstructive surgery.

Serum C-reactive Protein (CRP) Level in Tuberculous Patients.

The present prospective case control study was carried out to assess the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) level as a diagnostic and prognostic tool of tuberculous patients. The study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics over a period of one year. Total 60 persons were included. Case was 30 and control was 30. Out of 30 tuberculosis patients 18(60%) had pulmonary tuberculosis, 6(20%) had abdominal TB, 3(10%) had pleural effusion and 3(10%) had tubercular lymphadenopathy. CRP was positive>6 mg/L in 25(83.3%) cases. CRP level was negative after 4 weeks of treatment. There is significant difference at p<0.001 in serum CRP level in between tuberculosis and healthy children. The study concluded that CRP level is a useful indication for diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculous patients.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence determination in pets and camels in Egypt using multispecies enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has translated into a worldwide economic recession and public health crisis. Bats have been incriminated as the main natural host for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the reservoir and carrier hosts of the virus remain unknown. Therefore, a cross sectional serosurvey study was performed to estimate antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. To assess IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP), a SARS-CoV-2 Double Antigen Multispecies diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used. The seropositive samples were confirmed and validated by measuring IgG antibody titers in sera. The enrolled animals were from different locations in the Giza governorate, Egypt, and were sampled at the time of the pandemic; they comprised 92 companion animals and 92 domestic camels. The study established that 4.76% (1/21 clinical samples) of dogs, 7.69% of cats (1/13 shelter samples) and 1.08% (1/92) of camels, had measurable SARS-CoV-2 NP IgM antibodies. All IgM-seropositive samples were IgG positive with a measurable titer of 34.5, 28.6, and 25.8 UI/mL for dog, cat, and camels, respectively. According to our best knowledge, this study was the first to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the specific animals investigated in Egypt. These results may herald a promising epidemiological role for pet animals and camels in SARS-CoV-2 virus maintenance. Thus, our study's results ought to be confirmed with a nationwide seroprevalence study, and further studies are required to clarify whether these animals act as active or passive carriers.

Diagnostic ultrasonography and antimicrobial resistance of different pathogens associated with canine and feline lower urinary tract disorders.

There is a significant issue concerning the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within companion animals. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common problem in veterinary medicine for which empirical antibiotics are utilized. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of different uropathogens associated with UTIs in canine and feline cases. A total of 146 dogs and 162 cats suffered from lower urinary tract disorders were subjected to ultrasonographic and microbiological examination. Cystitis, urinary sediment, and cystic calculi are the most common ultrasonographic abnormalities associated with bacterial UTIs. Bacterial UTIs were obtained in 36.98 % and 25.92 % of cases in dogs and cats, respectively. A low rate of mixed infection was detected in canine cases (3.7 %). E. coli was the most prevalent pathogen isolated from 46.4 % and 66.7 % of canine and feline isolates, respectively followed by Proteus spp. in canine isolates (16.1 %) and Klebsiella spp. in feline isolates (14.3 %). Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from canine cases only with the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains at 3.6 %. The majority of the isolated strains were resistant to various antibiotic classes, particularly ß-lactams. All gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to amikacin, whereas gram-positive strains exhibited 100 % sensitivity to nitrofurantoin and linezolid. Different bacterial species displayed low resistance to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Multi-drug resistance was reported in canine and feline strains at 64.3 % and 54.8 %, respectively. These findings prove the crucial necessity to restrict antibiotic consumption depending on urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests.

Catalase improves motility, vitality and DNA integrity of cryopreserved human spermatozoa.

Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa offers a pre-therapeutic possibility of preserving progenity in patients with testicular tumours. We aimed to investigate effects of cryopreservation and addition of catalase on sperm motility, vitality and DNA integrity in fresh and swim-up spermatozoa. Semen samples were collected from 50 fertile men. Each sample was divided into two parts. First part was subdivided into two equal aliquots: both cryopreserved with and without catalase. The second part was subdivided into two equal aliquots: both processed by swim up and then cryopreserved with or without catalase. Semen analyses, sperm vitality and sperm DNA integrity were performed. Sperm concentration showed significant decrease while percentage of progressive motility, sperm vitality and % of DNA damage showed significant increase in processed and cryopreserved processed samples when compared with fresh and cryopreserved fresh samples. There was no significant difference in sperm concentration while there was significant increase in % of progressive motility and sperm vitality and % of DNA damage showed significant decrease in samples with catalase when compared with samples without catalase (either fresh or processed). Catalase supplementation (fresh and processed) during cryopreservation results in better post-thawing percentage of progressive motility and percentage of sperm vitality and improved DNA integrity.

Development of swine-specific DNA markers for biosensor-based halal authentication.

The pig (Sus scrofa) mitochondrial genome was targeted to design short (15-30 nucleotides) DNA markers that would be suitable for biosensor-based hybridization detection of target DNA. Short DNA markers are reported to survive harsh conditions in which longer ones are degraded into smaller fragments. The whole swine mitochondrial-genome was in silico digested with AluI restriction enzyme. Among 66 AluI fragments, five were selected as potential markers because of their convenient lengths, high degree of interspecies polymorphism and intraspecies conservatism. These were confirmed by NCBI blast analysis and ClustalW alignment analysis with 11 different meat-providing animal and fish species. Finally, we integrated a tetramethyl rhodamine-labeled 18-nucleotide AluI fragment into a 3-nm diameter citrate-tannate coated gold nanoparticle to develop a swine-specific hybrid nanobioprobe for the determination of pork adulteration in 2.5-h autoclaved pork-beef binary mixtures. This hybrid probe detected as low as 1% pork in deliberately contaminated autoclaved pork-beef binary mixtures and no cross-species detection was recorded, demonstrating the feasibility of this type of probe for biosensor-based detection of pork adulteration of halal and kosher foods.

Food assimilated by two sympatric populations of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Delphacidae) feeding on different host plants contaminates insect DNA detected by RAPD-PCR analysis.

Contamination of insect DNA for RAPD-PCR analysis can be a problem because many primers are non-specific and DNA from parasites or gut contents may be simultaneously extracted along with that of the insect. We measured the quantity of food ingested and assimilated by two sympatric populations of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, one from rice and the other from Leersia hexandra (Poaceae), a wetland forage grass, and we also investigated whether host plant DNA contaminates that of herbivore insects in extractions of whole insects. Ingestion and assimilation of food were reduced significantly when individuals derived from one host plant were caged on the other species. The bands, OPA3 (1.25), OPD3 (1.10), OPD3 (0.80), OPD3 (0.60), pUC/M13F (0.35), pUC/M13F (0.20), BOXAIR (0.50), peh#3 (0.50), and peh#3 (0.17) were found in both rice-infesting populations of brown planthopper and its host plant (rice). Similarly, the bands, OPA4 (1.00), OPB10 (0.70), OPD3 (0.90), OPD3 (0.80), OPD3 (0.60), pUC/ M13F (0.35), pUC/M13F (0.20), and BOXAIR (0.50) were found in both Leersia-infesting populations of brown planthopper and the host plant. So, it is clear that the DNA bands amplified in the host plants were also found in the extracts from the insects feeding on them.

Isolation, characterization, and identification of biological control agent for potato soft rot in Bangladesh.

A total of 91 isolates of probable antagonistic bacteria of potato soft rot bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) were extracted from rhizospheres and endophytes of various crop plants, different soil varieties, and atmospheres in the potato farming areas of Bangladesh. Antibacterial activity of the isolated probable antagonistic bacteria was tested in vitro against the previously identified most common and most virulent soft rot causing bacterial strain Ecc P-138. Only two isolates E-45 and E-65 significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of Ecc P-138. Physiological, biochemical, and carbon source utilization tests identified isolate E-65 as a member of the genus Bacillus and the isolate E-45 as Lactobacillus sp. The stronger antagonistic activity against Ecc P-138 was found in E-65 in vitro screening and storage potatoes. E-65 reduced the soft rot infection to 22-week storage potatoes of different varieties by 32.5-62.5% in model experiment, demonstrating its strong potential to be used as an effective biological control agent for the major pectolytic bacteria Ecc. The highest (62.5%) antagonistic effect of E-65 was observed in the Granola and the lowest (32.7%) of that was found in the Cardinal varieties of the Bangladeshi potatoes. The findings suggest that isolate E-65 could be exploited as a biocontrol agent for potato tubers.

Botanicals to control soft rot bacteria of potato.

Extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (Corchorus capsularis L.), cheerota (Swertia chiraita Ham.), chatim (Alstonia scholaris L.), mander (Erythrina variegata), bael (Aegle marmelos L.), marigold (Tagetes erecta), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum L.), neem (Azadiracta indica), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) P-138, under in vitro and storage conditions. Previously, Ecc P-138 was identified as the most aggressive soft rot bacterium in Bangladeshi potatoes. Of the 11 different plant extracts, only extracts from dried jute leaves and cheerota significantly inhibited growth of Ecc P-138 in vitro. Finally, both plant extracts were tested to control the soft rot disease of potato tuber under storage conditions. In a 22-week storage condition, the treated potatoes were significantly more protected against the soft rot infection than those of untreated samples in terms of infection rate and weight loss. The jute leaf extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects on Ecc-138 growth both in in vitro and storage experiments.

Genetic dissection of sympatric populations of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), using DALP-PCR molecular markers.

Direct amplified length polymorphism (DALP) combines the advantages of a high-resolution fingerprint method and also characterizing the genetic polymorphisms. This molecular method was also found to be useful in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens species complex for the analysis of genetic polymorphisms. A total of 11 populations of Nilaparvata spp. were collected from 6 locations from Malaysia. Two sympatric populations of brown planthopper, N. lugens, one from rice and the other from a weed grass (Leersia hexandra), were collected from each of five locations. N. bakeri was used as an out group. Three oligonucleotide primer pairs, DALP231/DALPR'5, DALP234/DALPR'5, and DALP235/DALPR'5 were applied in this study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on genetic distances for the 11 populations of Nilaparvata spp. revealed that populations belonging to the same species and the same host type clustered together irrespective of their geographical localities of capture. The populations of N. lugens formed into two distinct clusters, one was insects with high esterase activities usually captured from rice and the other was with low esterase activities usually captured from L. hexandra. N. bakeri, an out group, was the most isolated group. Analyses of principal components, molecular variance, and robustness also supported greatly to the findings of cluster analysis.

Nanoparticle sensor for label free detection of swine DNA in mixed biological samples.

We used 40 ± 5 nm gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as colorimetric sensor to visually detect swine-specific conserved sequence and nucleotide mismatch in PCR-amplified and non-amplified mitochondrial DNA mixtures to authenticate species. Colloidal GNPs changed color from pinkish-red to gray-purple in 2 mM PBS. Visually observed results were clearly reflected by the dramatic reduction of surface plasmon resonance peak at 530 nm and the appearance of new features in the 620-800 nm regions in their absorption spectra. The particles were stabilized against salt-induced aggregation upon the adsorption of single-stranded DNA. The PCR products, without any additional processing, were hybridized with a 17-base probe prior to exposure to GNPs. At a critical annealing temperature (55 °C) that differentiated matched and mismatched base pairing, the probe was hybridized to pig PCR product and dehybridized from the deer product. The dehybridized probe stuck to GNPs to prevent them from salt-induced aggregation and retained their characteristic red color. Hybridization of a 27-nucleotide probe to swine mitochondrial DNA identified them in pork-venison, pork-shad and venison-shad binary admixtures, eliminating the need of PCR amplification. Thus the assay was applied to authenticate species both in PCR-amplified and non-amplified heterogeneous biological samples. The results were determined visually and validated by absorption spectroscopy. The entire assay (hybridization plus visual detection) was performed in less than 10 min. The LOD (for genomic DNA) of the assay was 6 µg ml(-1) swine DNA in mixed meat samples. We believe the assay can be applied for species assignment in food analysis, mismatch detection in genetic screening and homology studies between closely related species.

Single dose (400 mg) versus 7 day (200 mg) daily dose itraconazole in the treatment of tinea versicolor: a randomized clinical trial.

Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor is a superficial fungal infection and one of the most commonly found pigmentary disorders of skin caused by the yeast Malassezia. Multiple topical as well as systemic therapies are available for treatment. Systemic therapies are used for extensive disease, frequent relapse or where topical agents have failed. The aim that translates the rationale of the study was to compare the efficacy, safety, tolerability and cost effectiveness of single dose 400mg versus 7 day 200 mg daily dose of itraconazole in the treatment of tinea versicolor. A clinical study was done to compare the efficacy of single dose (400 mg) of itraconazole and 7 day 200 mg daily dose of itraconazole in the treatment of extensive tinea versicolor. Total 60 patients (aged 18-50 years) were selected for the study during the period of June 2007 to May 2008 in the department of Dermatology of three different hospitals in Bangladesh. Cases having with extensive involvement, diagnosed clinically and confirmed by wood's lamp and KOH microscopy were taken. Patients were randomly allocated into equal groups. Group A was given single dose 400 mg itraconazole and Group B was given 7 day 200 mg daily itraconazole. Fifty three (88%) male and 7(12%) female were included in the study. The mean age of group A was 32.37+/-9 years and in group B 33.23+/-8 years. The mean duration of the disease in group A was 2.63+/-2 months and 2.76+/-2 months in group B. In group A clinical responders was found cure 22(73.33%) and improvement 5(16.33%) and in group B it was found cure 24(79.99%) and improvement 4(13.33%). The measure at the End point (EP1) equals to 90% response and in-group B it was found cure 24 (79.99%) and improvement 4(13.33%). (Here the End point EP2) equals to 93.33%. The EP clinical analysis however shows 91.66% response. Both single dose and 7 day daily dose of itraconazole can be effective in the treatment of tinea versicolor with extensive involvement but single dose appears to be better for improving compliance and decreasing the cost of treatment.

Maternal depression, a hidden predictor for severe acute malnutrition in children aged 6-59 months: a case-control study at Omdurman Paediatrics Teaching Hospital, Sudan.

Malnutrition remains one of the main disabling issues in child health, especially in developing countries. Maternal depression by its related disabilities has been linked with children undernutrition in the studies abroad. Unfortunately, not much is known regarding this issue in Sudan, so this study aims to examine the association between maternal depression and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children under 5 years of age. A matched case-control study was conducted in Omdurman Paediatrics Teaching Hospital. Children admitted with SAM were assigned as cases, whereas controls were age- and sex-matched children with normal weight and height admitted in the same hospital. Mothers of both cases and controls were assessed for depression utilising the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 tool. The prevalence of depression among mothers of malnourished children was high (41.5%) compared to the mothers of controls (19.1%). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of maternal depression were markedly higher in cases than in controls (AOR = 3.09, p = 0.002), as was the odds of below 1-year breastfeeding weaning (AOR = 18.60, p = 0.006) and mother illiteracy (AOR = 2.42 p = 0.031). Furthermore, the analysis found a significant negative association between the occurrence of malnutrition and exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 0.43, p = 0.015). Maternal depression carries a significant burden in the mothers of children hospitalised with SAM. We strongly recommend routine screening and treatment for depression in childbearing age mothers in the available relative maternal and child health clinics.

HLA DRB1*130101-DQB1*060101 haplotype is associated with acute chest syndrome in sickle cell anemia patients.

We investigated the association of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class II alleles and haplotypes with the pathogenesis of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in 186 sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients, of whom 58 had documented ACS (new pulmonary infiltrate, fever, and other associated clinical events) and 128 with a negative history of ACS, serving as controls. HLA DRB1* and -DQB1* genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific priming. Of the DRB1* and DQB1* alleles analyzed, only DRB1*130101 (Pc < 0.001) was positively associated with ACS. DRB1*130101-DQB1*060101 haplotype was more prevalent among ACS patients (P = 0.018), thus conferring disease susceptibility. Specific HLA alleles and haplotypes may influence ACS risk in SCA patients, and specific HLA genotypes may be useful markers for identifying high-risk SCA ACS patients.

Dipstick Method versus Spot Urinary Protein Creatinine Ratio for Evaluation of Massive Proteinuria in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

Measurement of massive proteinuria is vital for diagnosis of childhood Nephrotic syndrome. Quantification of 24 hours urinary protein is the gold standard test. Dipstick method of urinary protein measurement gives instant result for massive proteinuria. Spot urinary protein creatinine ratio measurement is variable. This was a hospital based prospective cross sectional study done at Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 to evaluate accuracy of dipstick method versus spot urinary protein-creatinine ratio in estimation of massive proteinuria in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Total 100 children diagnosed as Nephrotic syndrome fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. After collection of spot urine sample, proteinuria was estimated by dipstick method and same sample was sent to laboratory for measuring protein creatinine ratio. All data were collected in individual predetermined case record form and analyzed by SPSS version 17.Dipstick had sensitivity 97%, specificity 70%, positive predictive value 96.7%, negative predictive value 77% and efficacy 95%. There was a significant correlation between spot urinary protein creatinine ratio and dipstick testing of Nephrotic range of proteinuria (p<0.05).The dipstick result of proteinuria significantly correlates with spot urinary protein creatinine ratio. Dipstick method of urinary protein measurement yields accurate result instantly.

Perinatal outcomes following Helping Babies Breathe training and regular peer-peer skills practice among village midwives in Sudan.

BACKGROUND: Over 80% of deliveries in Sudan occur in rural areas, attended by village midwives (VMWs). OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of Helping Babies Breathe training and regular peer-peer skills practice (HBBT+RPPSP) on VMW resuscitation practices and outcomes. METHODS: In a prospective community-based intervention study, 71/82 VMWs, reporting to six East Nile rural medical centres, with previous experience in community health research, consented to HBBT+RPPSP. Outcomes included changes in the resuscitation practices, fresh stillbirths (FSB) and early neonatal deaths <1 week (ENND). RESULTS: There were 1350 and 3040 deliveries before and after HBBT+RPPSP, respectively, with no significant differences between the two cohorts regarding maternal age, education or area of birth. Drying of the newborn increased almost tenfold (8.4%, n=113 to 74.9%, n=1011) while suctioning of the mouth/nose decreased fivefold (80.3%, n=2442 to 14.4%, n=437) following HBBT+RPPSP. Pre-HBBT+RPPSP9/18 (50%) newborns who had mouth-to-mouth ventilation died, compared with 13/119 (11%) who received bag-mask ventilation post-HBBT+RPPSP. Excluding 11 macerated fetuses, there were 55 perinatal deaths: 14 FSB/18 ENND (6 months pre-HBBT+RPPSP) and 10 FSB/13 ENND (18 months post-HBBT+RPPSP). FSB rates decreased from 10.5 to 3.3 per 1000 births ((χ2)=8.6209, p=0.003), while ENND rates decreased from 13.5 to 4.3 per 1000 live births ((χ2)=10.9369, p=0.001) pre-HBBT+RPPSP and post-HBBT+RPPSP, respectively. CONCLUSION: In a selected group of VMWs, HBBT+RPPSP was associated with improvements in newborn resuscitation and perinatal outcomes. HBBT+RPPSP could have immense benefits if propagated nationally to all 17 000 VMWs in Sudan.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II: a serious hazard in preemptive renal transplantation: a case report.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) type II (HIT II), is an immune-mediated complication of heparin therapy, associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. Herein we have reported a case of a 23-year-old woman who developed HIT following a living related donor, preemptive, renal transplantation. The patient was preoperatively exposed to both unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin as she underwent five hemodialysis sessions. HIT caused right common and external iliac vein and renal graft artery thrombosis, resulting in graft loss. Heparin-free hemodialysis was continued, and the patient was successfully treated with anticoagulation by the direct thrombin inhibitor lepirudin for both the thromboses and for hemodialysis. Finally, she was accepted for the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis program. This report highlighted the importance of clinical awareness as far as previous heparin exposure is concerned for establishing an early diagnosis and delivering treatment of this life-threatening prothrombotic complication of heparin administration.

Olmsted syndrome.

Olmsted syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by symmetrical sharply marginated mutilating keratoderma of palms & soles & hyperkeratotic plaques around the body orifices, onychodystrophy, ainhum & amputation of digital phalanges, flextion deformities of the fingers, localized alopecia, leukokeratosis of the tongue, shortness of stature & laxity of large joints. Inheritance is autosomal dominant, although sporadic cases have been reported. Here we describe two cases of this rare disorder with thickened hyperkeratotic lesion over palm & soles & along with amputation of 3rd , 4th & 5th toes in one case. In one of our case (case no. 2) the immediate younger brother has got the same disease. Both of them were treated with tab. Neotegason 25 mg orally daily for 3 months & there was significant improvement after treatment.

Fenton's peroxidation and coagulation processes for the treatment of combined industrial and domestic wastewater.

As a consequence of the population growth, major efforts have been made by the Egyptian government to construct new industrial areas. Tenth of Ramadan City is one of the most important industrial cities in Egypt. The wastewater generated from various industrial activities was highly contaminated with organic matters as indicated by COD (1750-3323 mg/L), TSS (900-3000 mg/L) and oil and grease (13.2-95.5 mg/L). All overall appraisals of the analytical data from the industrial wastewater indicate that pretreatment is required for all industrial sectors to achieve compliance with the Egyptian Environmental law which requires effective pretreatment of industrial wastewater prior to its discharge into public sewers. Treatability studies via conventional and Fenton processes have been investigated. The efficiency of conventional treatment methods led to 63% COD and 44% color removal by using FeCl(3) as coagulant. Various coagulant aids and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were added to 400mg/L FeCl(3) in order to enhance the removal of color. It was found that polyacrylamide polymer, bentonite and PAC increased the efficiency of the treatments where the color removal increased to 79%, by cationic polymer, 73% by anionic polymer, 84.5% by bentonite and 95% for 0.4 g/L PAC. Fenton process was investigated which under the operating conditions (pH 3.0+/-0.2, Fe(2+) dose=400 mg/L and H(2)O(2)=550 mg/L), color removal up to 100% and more than 90% of COD removal were achieved.