Life history and bionomics of Glycobius speciosus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Clytini).

Glycobius speciosus (Say) was studied in New York State to elucidate poorly known aspects of its biology. Head capsule size from excavated larvae coupled with gallery lengths measured at the time of excavation was used to characterize larval development. Partial life tables indicated nearly 20% of G. speciosus survive to adulthood. Larvae experienced 30% of their mortality during early development, 27% during mid-larval development, and 43% during late larval development. Predation by hairy woodpeckers, Dryobates villosus (Linnaeus) (Piciformes: Picidae), the only unambiguous source of mortality, accounted for 43% mortality in naturally infested trees located and followed 2004-2009, and 74% late instar mortality. One parasitoid, Dolichomitus irritator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was recovered from a single larva. Beetles emerged between 316 accumulated DD (base 10 °C) and 648 DD. Males emerged prior to, or simultaneously with, females and lived longer. Female fecundity averaged 41.3 ± 6 eggs. Larval eclosion occurred 7-10 days after oviposition. Non-functional ovipositors observed in 16% of females represented an appreciable reproductive loss. In 77% of infested trees 1 oviposition site was located and in 70% of oviposition sites examined only 1 or 2 larvae successfully eclosed, penetrated the bark to the phloem-xylem interface, and began feeding. Beetles preferred southern and eastern aspects for oviposition which occurred preferentially on the lower bole (<20 cm). Male beetles had longer and wider antennae than females, pronotal pits containing gland pores, and a straight to concave posterior margin of the terminal sternite compared to the more rounded margin of females.

Monitoring populations of saddled prominent (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) with pheromone-baited traps.

Field trials with three types of pheromone traps were performed in eight northern hardwood stands in northern New York state to develop a population-monitoring tool for the saddled prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Lure specificity and the relationship between pheromone trap catch and subsequent egg density were examined. A study of moth emergence in relation to temperature was designed to determine whether moth activity throughout the flight season can be predicted using a growing degree-day (DD) model. Pherocon 1C wing traps were significantly more effective than the green Unitrap bucket style. Catch was not affected by position when traps were > or =20 m from an opening (road), and lures were specific to saddled prominent. Lure specificity was examined using green Multipher bucket traps, which effectively attracted and held moths. In the first year of the study, number of viable eggs per 10 leaf clusters was significantly correlated (r2 = 0.59) with average moth catch/trap in pheromone-baited Pherocon traps. When differences in stand density (basal area) and relative abundance of sugar maple (percentage of total stems per hectare), the principle host, were accounted for, the multiple regression model also was significant and r2 = 0. 83. Neither model, however, was significant the second year. Using a base temperature of 5.5 degrees C and on-site temperature data, the peak of moth flight occurred at 316 +/- 8 DD and end of flight occurred at 533 +/- 9 DD.