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Background The objective of this cross-sectional study is to identify the prevalence of contraceptive use and the knowledge and attitudes of Saudi women towards it. Methods We distributed a survey to Saudi women aged 19-49 attending primary care centers under King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh to identify their views on using contraceptives and what they know about them. We calculated the sample size using the Roasoft sample calculator. Results This study enrolled 432 Saudi women. The number of women who were contraceptive users was 249 (57.6%). Among those who were using contraceptives, the most common reason was the idea of taking care of themselves and avoiding consecutive pregnancies (105, 42.2%). Of the non-users, the most common reason was concerns regarding side effects (41%). The most commonly used contraceptive methods were contraceptive pills (55.6%) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) (17.6%). The most commonly used non-pharmacological contraception methods were withdrawal (17.6%) and rhythm (8.6%). Conclusion In this study, factors associated with contraceptive use among Saudi women were explored. Demographic data, type, attitude, and associations provided insight into factors taken into consideration while developing future contraceptives in addition to improving clinical practice.
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BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute, usually post-infectious, peripheral neuropathy resulting in a symmetrical, ascending paralysis. We evaluated the clinical and neurophysiological features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with GBS in our center. METHODS: A retrospective chart review on patients with GBS admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2011 to December 2020. Data were analyzed using JMP statistical software version 15 pro. RESULTS: A total of 86 patients who met the criteria were included, 55 (64%) were males, with a mean age of 49.5+/-17.5 years. Antecedent infection was reported in 53 (61.6%), 51 (62.2%) presented within one week of symptoms onset. Ascending weakness was seen in 55 (70.5%), while 70 (81.4%) had areflexia. Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) was the commonest electrophysiological type of GBS in 41 (51.9%) patients. Albuminocytologic dissociation was seen in 48 (57%) who had lumbar puncture. Nearly half, 41 (47.7%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Seventy (81.3%) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. There was no significant difference in the clinical presentation, management, ICU requirement, and discharge disposition between males and females. Females were more likely to have a higher disability at discharge (p=0.01). Patients younger than 60 years were more likely to require ICU admission (p=<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our patients with GBS were slightly older than previously reported from the region. AMAN was the commonest type of GBS. Younger patients were more likely to need ICU admission, whereas females were more likely to have a more severe disability.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival and the occurrence of technical and biological complications in bi-layered zirconia-based (Zi) single crown and 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Also, the study aimed to analyze the effects of tooth vitality (vital versus non-vital), abutment location (anterior versus posterior), and luting cement (self-adhesive resin versus resin-reinforced glass ionomer) on clinical outcomes. METHODS: A total of 147 prostheses (in 94 patients) placed by undergraduate dental students in a university dental center during the period 2015-2021 were examined clinically using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. The mean duration of follow-up was 37 months (range, 6 - 63 months) for the single crowns (n = 77) and 25 months (range, 6 - 68 months) for the 3-unit FDPs (n = 70). Data were descriptively analyzed to determine the types and rates of complications based on USPHS and CDA criteria. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimation method was used to determine the cumulative survival and success rates of the prostheses (α=0.05). Differences in clinical outcomes (survival or failure) according to tooth vitality, luting cement, and location were statistically analyzed using cross-tabulations and Ð¥2 test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival rate was estimated as 96% for the Zi 3-unit FDPs after 5.5 years, and 90% for the Zi single crowns after 4.8 years. The 5-year estimated success rate was 68% for both 3-unit FDPs and single crowns. Seven (9.1%) 77Zi single crowns and 70 2 (2.9%) Zi 3-unit FDPs were recorded as failures with occlusal roughness being the most commonly-observed complication (crowns: 4 [5.6%]; 3-unit FDPs: 8 [11.4%]). In terms of clinical outcomes, statistically significant differences were found between all included vital and non-vital teeth (p = .006), and cement types (p = .028). Taking single crowns alone, significant differences in clinical outcomes according to tooth vitality were noted (p = .036), but not for PFDPs. The location of the prostheses did not produce any significant differences in the clinical outcomes, for both prostheses types independently or combined (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The estimated cumulative survival rates in this study for single crowns and 3-unit Zi FDPs concurred with the ranges reported in systematic reviews. Zi-based prostheses on vital teeth produced better clinical outcomes than those placed on non-vital teeth, and type of luting cement influenced the final clinical outcome. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Zi crowns and 3-unit PFDPs fabricated using the specific CAD-CAM system used in the controlled environment of this study showed good clinical performance with minimal veneer porcelain chipping. Root canal treated teeth seem to be at higher risk for failure of Zi prostheses compared with vital teeth.