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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown reductions in the volume of emergency department visits early in the COVID-19 pandemic, but few have evaluated the pandemic's impact over time or stratified analyses by reason for visits. We aimed to quantify such changes in British Columbia, Canada, cumulatively and during prominent nadirs, and by reason for visit, age and acuity. METHODS: We included data from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System for 30 emergency departments across BC from January 2016 to December 2022. We fitted generalized additive models, accounting for seasonal and annual trends, to the monthly number of visits to estimate changes throughout the pandemic, compared with the expected number of visits in the absence of the pandemic. We determined absolute and relative differences at various times during the study period, and cumulatively since the start of the pandemic until the overall volume of emergency department visits returned to expected levels. RESULTS: Over the first 16 months of the pandemic, the volume of emergency department visits was reduced by about 322 300 visits, or 15% (95% confidence interval 12%-18%), compared with the expected volume. A sharp drop in pediatric visits accounted for nearly one-third of the reduction. The timing of the return to baseline volume of visits differed by subgroup. The largest and most sustained decreases were in respiratory-related emergency department visits, visits among children, visits among oldest adults and non-urgent visits. Later in the pandemic, we observed increased volumes of highest-urgency visits, visits among children and visits related to ear, nose and throat. INTERPRETATION: We have extended evidence that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation strategies on emergency department visits in Canada was substantial. Both our findings and methods are relevant in public health surveillance and capacity planning for emergency departments in pandemic and nonpandemic times.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Colúmbia Britânica , Assistência Ambulatorial , Serviço Hospitalar de EmergênciaRESUMO
Organotellurium compounds have been reported as an immune-modulator sensitizing chemotherapeutics. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of novel tellurodibenzoic acids as mimics of diphenylarsenic acid (DPAA) and potential selective KGA inhibitors. Representative compound 3B exhibited potent inhibition of KGA and glutamine-dependent HCT-116 cells. Stability experiments indicated that 3B has excellent stability under acidic (HCOOH), basic (NH3·H2O) and oxidative (H2O2) conditions, but reacts with ß-ME, DTT and lysine which suggested that compound 3B may interact with cysteine or lysine residues. Moreover, molecular docking disclosed that compound 3B binds to the allosteric site of the GAC tetramer containing Arg317-Lys320-Leu321-Phe322-Tyr394-Glu325, which helped to rationalize the SAR and further design and optimization. Taken together, compound 3B could be used as a starting point for the development of new KGA inhibitors.
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Benzoatos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Glutaminase/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Telúrio/química , Benzoatos/síntese química , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Glutaminase/química , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Rim/enzimologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Compostos Organometálicos/síntese química , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Excluding ethanol, cannabis is the most commonly used drug in the United States and worldwide. Several published case series and reports have demonstrated an association between cannabis use and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We report the first ever published case of ACS precipitated by cannabis use that was confirmed with concomitant rising quantitative plasma levels of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a secondary metabolite of cannabis. A 63-year-old non-tobacco smoking male with no prior medical history presented to the emergency department with chest pain immediately after smoking cannabis, and anterior ST-segment elevation pattern was observed on his electrocardiogram. He was taken to the cardiac catheterization lab for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of his left anterior descending artery, whereupon he developed hemodynamically significant accelerated idioventricular rhythm necessitating intra-aortic balloon pump placement. He underwent two further PCI procedures during his inpatient stay and was discharged in improved condition after eight days. Two sequential quantitative plasma cannabis metabolite assays at time of arrival then 6â¯h later were 24â¯ng/mL then 39â¯ng/mL, an increase of 63%, which implicated the patient's acute cannabis use as a precipitant of ACS. We also discuss the putative pharmacologic mechanisms behind cannabis use and ACS. Clinicians caring for patients using cannabis who have vascular disease and/or risk factors should be aware of this potentially deleterious association, as cessation of cannabis use could be important for their cardiac rehabilitation and long-term health.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Fumar Maconha/efeitos adversos , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/cirurgia , Dronabinol/análogos & derivados , Dronabinol/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Fumar Maconha/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/cirurgiaRESUMO
Atreye MajumdarSambit K. MohantyObjective This article identifies and evaluates the frequency of mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain (KD) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients who showed suboptimal response to their current tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) regime and assesses their clinical value in further treatment decisions. Materials and Methods Peripheral and/or bone marrow were collected from 791 CML patients. Ribonucleic acid was extracted, reverse transcribed, and Sanger sequencing method was utilized to detect single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in BCR-ABL1 KD. Results Thirty-eight different SNVs were identified in 29.8% ( n = 236/791) patients. T315I, E255K, and M244V were among the most frequent mutations detected. In addition, one patient harbored a novel L298P mutation. A subset of patients from the abovementioned harbored compound mutations (13.3%, n = 33/236). Follow-up data was available in 28 patients that demonstrated the efficacy of TKIs in correlation with mutation analysis and BCR-ABL1 quantitation. Molecular response was attained in 50% patients following an appropriate TKI shift. A dismal survival rate of 40% was observed in T315I-harboring patients on follow-up. Conclusion This study shows the incidence and pattern of mutations in one of the largest sets of Indian CML patients. In addition, our findings strengthen the prognostic value of KD mutation analysis among strategies to overcome TKI resistance.
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Neurofibromas are tumors of neural connective tissue composed of Schwann cells and fibroblasts. They can occur anywhere in the body, primarily as a solitary mass or as a component of neurofibromatosis. Only 1/4 of the intradural extramedullary spinal tumors are neurofibromas. While most of the neurofibromas are asymptomatic, the authors report a patient with symptomatic multiple neurofibromas of the scalp and trunk that lacked the salient features of neurofibromatosis-1. Case presentation: A 63-year-old male from Saptari, Nepal, with multiple insidious swellings in the scalp and trunk region, presented with complaints of weakness of the bilateral lower limb for 6-7 years resulting in difficulties in walking and bleeding from the most significant swelling that was in the occipital area. Clinical findings and investigations: Masses were present all over the scalp, averaging about 4×4 cm, with active bleeding from the two swellings. The authors performed the neurological assessment and histopathological and radiological investigations. Interventions and outcomes: A confirmed diagnosis of neurofibroma was made with myelography revealing an intradural extramedullary spinal tumor. A laminectomy with total excision of the tumor was performed. Relevance and impact: Meningiomas and nerve sheath tumors (schwannomas and neurofibromas) can both develop in the intradural extramedullary spinal compartment. Contrast-enhanced MRI is the most sensitive and specific imaging modality to evaluate possible spinal column lesions. Surgical excision, partial or complete, is the hallmark treatment of neurofibroma.
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing an emergency department (ED)-based Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination protocol in a population of unhoused patients. METHODS: On June 10, 2021, a best practice alert (BPA) was implemented that fired when an ED provider opened the charts of unhoused patients and prompted the provider to order COVID-19 vaccination for eligible patients. We downloaded electronic medical record data of patients who received a COVID-19 vaccine in the ED between June 10, 2021 and August 26, 2021. The outcomes of interest were the number of unhoused, and the total number of patients vaccinated for COVID-19 during the study period. Data were described with simple descriptive statistics. RESULTS: There were 25,871 patient encounters in 19,992 unique patients (mean 1.3 visits/patient) in the emergency department during the study period. There were 1,474 (6% of total ED population) visits in 1,085 unique patients who were unhoused (mean 1.4 visits/patient). The BPA fired in 1,046 unhoused patient encounters (71% of PEH encounters) and was accepted in 79 (8%). Forty-three unhoused patients were vaccinated as a result of the BPA (4% of BPA fires) and 18 unhoused patients were vaccinated without BPA prompting. An additional 76 domiciled patients were vaccinated in the ED. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing an ED-based COVID-19 vaccination program is feasible, however, only a small number of patients underwent COVID-19 vaccination. Further studies are needed to explore the utility of using the ED as a setting for COVID-19 vaccination.
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Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Vacinação/métodos , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Serviço Hospitalar de EmergênciaRESUMO
The reactivity between bis(pyridin-2-yl)diselane o Py2 Se2 and ditellane o Py2 Te2 (L1 and L2, respectively; o Py=pyridyn-2-yl) and I2 /Br2 is discussed. Single-crystal structure analysis revealed that the reaction of L1 with I2 yielded [(HL1+ )(I- )â 5/2I2 ]∞ (1) in which monoprotonated cations HL1+ template a self-assembled infinite pseudo-cubic polyiodide 3D-network, while the reaction with Br2 yielded the dibromide Ho PySeII Br2 (2). The oxidation of L2 with I2 and Br2 yielded the compounds Ho PyTeII I2 (3) and Ho PyTeIV Br4 (6), respectively, whose structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-Raman spectroscopy measurements are consistent with a 3c-4e description of all the X-Ch-X three-body systems (Ch=Se, Te; X=Br, I) in compounds 2, 3, Ho PyTeII Br2 (5), and 6. The structural and spectroscopic observations are supported by extensive theoretical calculations carried out at the DFT level that were employed to study the electronic structure of the investigated compounds, the thermodynamic aspects of their formation, and the role of noncovalent σ-hole halogen and chalcogen bonds in the Xâ â â X, Xâ â â Ch and Châ â â Ch interactions evidenced structurally.
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Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Musculares/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Tecido Muscular/diagnóstico , Osso Temporal/patologia , Músculo Temporal/patologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Musculares/patologia , Neoplasias Musculares/cirurgia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecido Muscular/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecido Muscular/cirurgia , Osso Temporal/cirurgia , Músculo Temporal/cirurgiaRESUMO
Purpose: To quantify the effect of cataract on color vision as measured by the low-vision Cambridge Colour Test (lvCCT; Cambridge Research Systems) and to understand whether different types and severities of cataract have different effects on color vision. Design: Cohort study. Participants: Patients aged 18 to 95 undergoing routine cataract surgery at the Oxford Eye Hospital. Methods: The lvCCT was performed to measure color sensitivity in both eyes both before and after surgery. The crystalline lens was examined and graded according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III to determine the type and severity of cataract. Measures of repeatability were performed for the data to explore test-retest bias using Bland-Altman analysis. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to assess the effect of cataract on color vision by comparing control and surgical test measurements. Three multiple linear regressions were performed to relate cataract grading or severity to color vision measurements. Main Outcome Measures: Color discrimination along each of the protan, deutan, and tritan confusion lines. Results: The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a statistically significant difference in both the protan (P = 0.024) and tritan (P = 0.020) axes on comparison of control and surgical test measurements. As severity of cataract increased, color vision sensitivity was affected more greatly, and nuclear sclerotic cataract showed the most profound effect on color vision sensitivity in the lvCCT; however, the linear regression models showed that these observations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Cataract surgery has a statistically significant effect on color vision in both the protan and tritan axes. The effects of specific subtypes of cataract and different severities could not be elucidated because of the high prevalence of patients with mixed cataract. The lvCCT color sensitivity measurements are used regularly as outcome measures in clinical gene therapy trials involving vitreoretinal surgery, and vitrectomy accelerates cataract formation. Therefore, it is important to quantify the effect of cataract on color vision measurements so that it may be taken into account when used as an outcome measure in clinical trials. We were unable to derive a precise correction factor for cataract on color vision measurements.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Compare meta-analysis in a distributed network to individual-level analysis for assessment of time trends of health services utilization with health administrative data. METHODS: We used administrative data from Ontario, Canada to analyze temporal trends in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease health services use. Beta coefficients were obtained using negative binomial, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards regression models. We replicated the individual-level analyses in each Ontario Local Health Integration Network (LHIN), then meta-analyzed aggregate trends using both fixed and random effects meta-analysis. We compared the pooled estimates of effect with individual-level analysis. RESULTS: Beta coefficients, summary effect estimates, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the meta-analysis of data from distributed networks were not different than those from individual-level data, regardless of meta-analytic approach used. For example, the 5-year odds ratio of colectomy in ulcerative colitis using individual-level analysis was 0.978 (95% CI 0.950 to 1.007) compared to distributed network fixed effects meta-analysis: 0.982 (95% CI 0.950 to 1.015), and random effects meta-analysis: 0.982 (95% CI 0.950 to 1.015). CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis of multi-jurisdictional estimates were similar to estimates obtained from individual-level analysis. This method is a valid alternative for analysis of multi-jurisdictional data when individual-level data cannot be shared.
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Serviços de Saúde , Projetos de Pesquisa , Criança , Humanos , Razão de Chances , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Ontário/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Microsponges delivery systems (MDS) are highly porous, cross-linked polymeric systems that activate due to temperature, pH, or when rubbed. MDS offer a wide range of advantages, like controlled drug release, site-specific action, stability over a broad range of pH, less irritation, cost-effectiveness, and improved patient compliance. They can be transformed into various dosage forms like creams, gels, and lotions. MDS are suitable for the treatment of topical disorders like acne, psoriasis, dandruff, eczema, scleroderma, hair loss, skin cancer, and other dreadful diseases. The applications of MDS in drug delivery are not limited to topical drug delivery but are also explored for oral, parenteral, and pulmonary drug deliveries. Microsponges have been studied for colon targeting of drugs and genes. Additionally, MDS have several applications such as sunscreen, cosmetics, and over-the-counter (OTC) products. Furthermore, MDS do not actuate any irritation, genotoxicity, immunogenicity, or cytotoxicity. Therefore, this review extensively highlights microsponges, their advantages, key factors affecting their characteristics, their therapeutic applications in topical disorders and in cancer, their use as cosmetics, as well as recent advances in MDS and the associated challenges.
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Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Polímeros , Emulsões , Géis , Humanos , PorosidadeRESUMO
In this article we describe epidemiological, pharmacological and clinical aspects of abuse of metamphetamines, also known as crystal meth. These aspects are illustrated by two cases of methamphetamine abuse and the complications associated with it. Metamphetamine abuse is often associated with sexual activity, a combination known as 'chemsex'. A chronic addiction to chemsex can have devastating effects on the user's social, psychological, and physical wellbeing. We describe a patient suffering from recurrent relapses in his addiction to chemsex. Acute crystal meth intoxications can result in very serious complications. We describe a patient suffering from severe neurological complications and rhabdomyolysis.
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Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas , Metanfetamina , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/complicações , Humanos , Metanfetamina/efeitos adversos , Comportamento SexualRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine syndrome characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abrogated insulin activity. The existing treatments for DM have side effects and varying degrees of efficacy. Therefore, it is paramount that novel approaches be developed to enhance the management of DM. Therapeutic plants have been accredited as having comparatively high efficacy with fewer adverse effects. The current study aims to elucidate the phytochemical profile, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects of methanolic extract D. salicifolia (leaves) in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally (150 mg kg-1, b.w), to induced diabetes in mice. The mice were divided into three groups (n=10). Group 1 (normal control) received normal food and purified water, Group II (diabetic control) received regular feed and clean water and group III (diabetic treated) received a methanolic extract of the plant (300 mg kg-1) for 28 days with a typical diet and clean water throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected to checked serum glucose and concentration of LDL, TC, TG. The extract demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic activity (P<0.05), whereas improvements in mice's body weight and lipid profiles were observed after treatment with the extract. This study establishes that the extract has high efficacy with comparatively less toxicity that can be used for DM management.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipolipemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Aloxano , Animais , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , FitoterapiaRESUMO
The supplementation of Selenium-enriched probiotics is effective in reducing oxidative stress and maintaining meat quality stability in broiler chicken especially under heat stress. An experimental study was conducted to perform Comparative analysis of Selenium yeast with inorganic Se in broilers under heat stress. A total of 120 broilers chicks of one day were assigned to 4 groups each consisting 30 chicks fed on same basal diet but different selenium sources. The basal diet of group D1 was not supplemented with Se source (Negative control), group D2 basal diet was supplemented with inorganic selenium (Sodium selenite 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase), group D3 basal diet was supplemented with commercially available organic selenium (Seleno-methionine 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase) and group D4 basal diet was supplemented with self-developed organic selenium (Se-enriched yeast 0.22mg/Kg starter phase and 0.15mg/Kg finisher phase). The performance parameters i.e. feed intake (FI), live body weight (BW) and FCR were not significantly (p>0.05) effected by selenium supplementation in the starter phase but were significantly (p<0.05) effected in the finisher phase. Selenium supplementation significantly (p<0.05) effected serum Se level in different supplemented groups. Higher serum Se value (58.20±0.06) was recorded in D4 group. Similarly significantly lower selenium value was recorded for D4 and higher was recorded for D1 (11.36±0.08). However lower serum Paraoxonase (PON) value was recorded for D4 (13.24±0.01) and higher for D1 (13.33±0.03). Comparatively self-developed Se enriched yeast increased the Se accumulation and improved antioxidant system. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was found higher in D4 (12.333±0.03) followed by D3, D2 and D1 respectively. Whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p<0.05) in D4 (0.1437±0.003) followed by D3 (0.1457±0.002). Selenium supplementation increased the bird's survival rate. Birds fed on Se enriched yeast showed higher Se deposition and better antioxidant capacity as compared to other sources of selenium. Se-enriched yeast displayed an improved result on Se deposition in tissues, and oxidative capacity, meat tenderness and immune response level as compared to other sources of selenium.
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Selênio , Animais , Antioxidantes , Galinhas , Resposta ao Choque TérmicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Modern, specialised care for children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] may have resulted in changes in health services use. We report trends over time in health services utilisation and surgery for children with IBD and children without IBD. METHODS: Children aged <18 years, diagnosed with IBD between 1994 and 2013 [n = 5518] and followed until 2015 in Ontario, Canada, were identified from health administrative data and matched to children without IBD on age, sex, rural/urban household, and income [n = 26,677]. We report the annual percentage change [APC] with 95% confidence intervals [CI] in the rate of outpatient visits, emergency department [ED] visits, and hospitalisations, using negative binomial regression for events within 5 years from the diagnosis/index date. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to report APC in hazards of intestinal resection [Crohn's disease; CD] and colectomy [ulcerative colitis; UC]. RESULTS: IBD-specific hospitalisation rates decreased by 2.5% [95% CI 1.8-3.2%] annually, and all-cause hospitalisation rates in children without IBD decreased by 4.3% [95% CI 3.5-5.1%] annually. Intestinal resection risk in CD decreased by 6.0% [95% CI 4.6-7.3%] annually and colectomy risk in UC decreased by 3.0% [95% CI 0.7-5.2%] annually. In contrast, IBD-specific outpatient visit rates increased after 2005 by 4.0% [95% CI 3.1-4.9%] annually. Similar trends in outpatient visits were not observed in children without IBD. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalisations and surgeries decreased over time while outpatient visits increased after 2005. Decreasing hospitalisations were mirrored in children without IBD, likely resulting from a combination of changes in disease management and health system factors.
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Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/terapia , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Telemedicina , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Gerenciamento Clínico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , OntárioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The 2021 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) report recommends as-needed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol irrespective of severity, and maintenance and reliever treatment (MART) from GINA Step 3 as part of Treatment Track 1, partly based on the SYGMA studies. We investigated how current clinical practice in Australia, Canada, China and the Philippines relates to latest GINA recommendations. METHODS: Patients and physicians were recruited from online panels between July and August 2020 and invited to complete an online survey. INCLUSION CRITERIA: age ≥18 years, current/past physician diagnosis of asthma (patients); primary care (Canada also included respirologists/respiratory therapists), treating ≥4 patients with asthma per month, ≥3 years in clinical practice (physicians). RESULTS: Overall, 1216/70,183 patients and 803/8376 physicians replied and were eligible for inclusion. Only 8-15% of patients were using MART; 66-81% used regular maintenance therapy with/without an as-needed reliever. Across the four countries, physicians classified 48-63% of their patients as mild (GINA Steps 1-2) and 28-36% as moderate (GINA Steps 3-4). Generally, physicians rated symptom control over exacerbation reduction as their main treatment goal; patients also ranked symptom relief as very important. Approximately 9-29% of patients and 24-45% of physicians were unaware of MART, and among those who prescribed MART, 80-95% prescribed an additional (non-ICS) as-needed reliever. INTERPRETATION: Most physicians prioritized managing asthma symptoms over exacerbations. A lack of awareness and understanding of MART dosing exists among physicians. Practical strategies are required to implement GINA recommendations effectively in real-world clinical practice and to identify appropriate patients for MART.
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Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Fumarato de Formoterol/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia de Manutenção/métodos , Médicos de Atenção Primária , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Adolescente , Adulto , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cystic lesions of the brain may present with seizures or headache due to raised intracranial pressure. These cysts when associated with developmental brain anomalies may turn out to be pathologic surprises. In the present communication, two patients with glio-ependymal cysts were described with contrasting symptomatologies and surgical management. Non-enhancing cystic lesions of the brain, without mural nodule, may turn out to be glio-ependymal cysts, requiring total surgical excision or marsupilization.
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Encefalopatias/complicações , Cistos/complicações , Epêndima/patologia , Adulto , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Lobo Temporal/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Screening for unhealthy alcohol and drug use in the emergency department (ED) can be challenging due to crowding, lack of privacy, and overburdened staff. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility and utility of a brief tablet-based screening method in the ED and if patients would consider a face-to-face meeting with a certified alcohol and drug counselor (CADC) for more in-depth screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) helpful via this interface. METHODS: A tablet-based questionnaire was offered to 500 patients. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18, Emergency Severity Index 2-5, and English comprehension. Subjects were excluded if they had evidence of acute intoxication and/or received sedating medication. RESULTS: A total of 283 (57%) subjects were enrolled over a 4-week period, which represented an increase of 183% over the monthly average of patients referred for SBIRT by the CADC prior to the study. There were 131 (46%) who screened positive for unhealthy alcohol and drug use, with 51 (39%) and 37 (28%) who screened positive for solely unhealthy alcohol use and drug use/drug use disorders, respectively. There were 43 (33%) who screened positive for combined unhealthy alcohol and drug use. Despite willingness to participate in the tablet-based questionnaire, only 20 (15%) with a positive screen indicated via the tablet that a face-to-face meeting with the CADC for further SBIRT would be helpful. CONCLUSION: Brief tablet-based screening for unhealthy alcohol and drug use in the ED was an effective method to increase the number of adult patients identified than solely by their treating clinicians. However, only a minority of subjects screening positive using this interface believed a face-to-face meeting with the CADC for further SBIRT would be helpful.
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Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine syndrome characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abrogated insulin activity. The existing treatments for DM have side effects and varying degrees of efficacy. Therefore, it is paramount that novel approaches be developed to enhance the management of DM. Therapeutic plants have been accredited as having comparatively high efficacy with fewer adverse effects. The current study aims to elucidate the phytochemical profile, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects of methanolic extract D. salicifolia (leaves) in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally (150 mg kg-1, b.w), to induced diabetes in mice. The mice were divided into three groups (n=10). Group 1 (normal control) received normal food and purified water, Group II (diabetic control) received regular feed and clean water and group III (diabetic treated) received a methanolic extract of the plant (300 mg kg-1) for 28 days with a typical diet and clean water throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected to checked serum glucose and concentration of LDL, TC, TG. The extract demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic activity (P 0.05), whereas improvements in mice's body weight and lipid profiles were observed after treatment with the extract. This study establishes that the extract has high efficacy with comparatively less toxicity that can be used for DM management.
Resumo Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome endócrina caracterizada por níveis elevados de glicose no sangue devido à atividade anulada da insulina. Os tratamentos existentes para o DM têm efeitos colaterais e vários graus de eficácia. Portanto, é fundamental que novas abordagens sejam desenvolvidas para aprimorar o manejo do DM. As plantas terapêuticas foram acreditadas como tendo eficácia comparativamente alta com menos efeitos adversos. O presente estudo visa elucidar o perfil fitoquímico, efeitos anti-hiperlipidêmicos e antidiabéticos do extrato metanólico de D. salicifolia (folhas) em camundongos diabéticos induzidos por aloxana. Alloxan foi injetado por via intraperitoneal (150 mg kg-1, b.w), para induzir diabetes em camundongos. Os camundongos foram divididos em três grupos (n = 10). Grupo 1 (controle normal) recebeu ração normal e água purificada, Grupo II (controle diabético) recebeu ração regular e água limpa, e o grupo III (tratamento diabético) recebeu extrato metanólico da planta (300 mg kg-1) por 28 dias com uma dieta típica e água limpa durante todo o experimento. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para verificar a glicose sérica e a concentração de LDL, TC, TG. O extrato demonstrou atividade anti-hiperglicêmica significativa (P 0,05), enquanto melhorias no peso corporal e no perfil lipídico dos camundongos foram observadas após o tratamento com o extrato. Este estudo estabelece que o extrato tem alta eficácia com comparativamente menos toxicidade e pode ser usado para o controle do DM.
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OBJECTIVE: Determine differences between faculty, residents, and nurses regarding night shift preparation, performance, recovery, and perception of emotional and physical health effects. METHODS: Survey study performed at an urban university medical center emergency department with an accredited residency program in emergency medicine. RESULTS: Forty-seven faculty, 37 residents, and 90 nurses completed the survey. There was no difference in use of physical sleep aids between groups, except nurses utilized blackout curtains more (69%) than residents (60%) and faculty (45%). Bedroom temperature preference was similar. The routine use of pharmacologic sleep aids differed: nurses and residents (both 38%) compared to faculty (13%). Residents routinely used melatonin more (79%) than did faculty (33%) and nurses (38%). Faculty preferred not to eat (45%), whereas residents (24%) preferred a full meal. The majority (>72%) in all groups drank coffee before their night shift and reported feeling tired despite their routine, with 4:00 a.m. as median nadir. Faculty reported a higher rate (41%) of falling asleep while driving compared to residents (14%) and nurses (32%), but the accident rate (3% to 6%) did not differ significantly. All had similar opinions regarding night shift-associated health effects. However, faculty reported lower level of satisfaction working night shifts, whereas nurses agreed less than the other groups regarding increased risk of drug and alcohol dependence. CONCLUSION: Faculty, residents, and nurses shared many characteristics. Faculty tended to not use pharmacologic sleep aids, not eat before their shift, fall asleep at a higher rate while driving home, and enjoy night shift work less.