Erosive Tooth Wear and Dietary Patterns: A Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: Evidence exists which suggests that a vegetarian diet is a predisposing factor to erosive tooth wear. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary pattern (vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian and omnivore) on erosive tooth wear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred seven subjects (29 vegetarians, 96 lacto-ovo vegetarians and 82 omnivores) underwent an oral assessment and were asked to answer questionnaires about diet and oral care. RESULTS: Individuals who followed vegetarian and lacto-ovo vegetarian diets had statistically significantly more erosive tooth wear than did omnivores (p = 0.004). Conversely, omnivores presented more tooth loss than did lacto-ovo vegetarians (p = 0.027). Being a vegetarian or a lacto-ovo vegetarian entailed an increased risk (4 times and 2.5 times, respectively) of presenting erosive tooth wear than being omnivorous. CONCLUSION: Vegetarian and lacto-ovo vegetarian dietary patterns seem to favour the loss of dental structure by erosion. Vegetarian patients should thus be informed about preventive measures and treated accordingly.

Swimming training attenuates remodeling, contractile dysfunction and congestive heart failure in rats with moderate and large myocardial infarctions.

1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of swimming on myocardial remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) in female rats induced by coronary occlusion, which was not performed in sham rats. 2. Rats were divided in six groups, three sedentary (sham (SSh; n = 14), moderate infarct (SMI; n = 8) and large infarct (SLI; n = 10)) and three trained (sham (TSh; n = 16), moderate infarct (TMI; n = 9) and large infarct (TLI; n = 8)) groups. Training (8 weeks, 60 min/day, 5 days/week) was initiated 4 weeks after MI or sham operation. Training did not affect mortality rate, but attenuated the increases in atrial/bodyweight (SSh: 0.07 +/- 0.02; TSh: 0.07 +/- 0.02; SMI: 0.11 +/- 0.03; TMI: 0.09 +/- 0.03; SLI: 0.17 +/- 0.09; TLI: 0.10 +/- 0.05 mg/g) and right ventricular/bodyweight (SSh: 0.15 +/- 0.02; TSh: 0.17 +/- 0.02; SMI: 0.17 +/- 0.07; TMI: 0.20 +/- 0.03; SLI: 0.29 +/- 0.13; TLI: 0.22 +/- 0.08 mg/g) ratios. Myocardial infarction increased pulmonary and myocardial water content in infarcted sedentary animals, whereas no changes were observed in trained infarcted rats. Sedentary infarcted rats showed inotropic and lusitropic depression proportional to the size of the infarct (SSh > SMI > SLI), whereas no differences were noted in trained rats (TLI = TMI = TSh). Indeed, in sedentary rats there was depression of +dT/dt (SSh: 68 +/- 25; TSh: 72 +/- 21; SMI: 53 +/- 20; TMI: 77 +/- 30; SLI: 33 +/- 15; TLI: 57 +/- 22 g/mm(2) per s) and -dT/dt (SSh: 33 +/- 13; TSh: 36 +/- 11; SMI: 24 +/- 5; TMI: 35 +/- 11; SLI: 15 +/- 4; TLI: 32 +/- 11 g/mm(2) per s) compared with trained rats. 3. In conclusion, swimming clearly favoured post-MI cardiac remodelling, attenuated myocardial hypertrophy, contractile and relaxation dysfunction and prevented pulmonary congestion.

Calidad de la dieta y factores asociados en estudiantes de la escuela primaria del sistema educativo Adventista en la región suroeste de São Paulo, Brasil

Objetivo:evaluar la asociación entre la dieta y factores socioeconómicos y demográficos entre los estudiantes de la escuela primaria.Métodos:Un estudio transseccional que involucra una muestra aleatoria de 256 niños de ambos sexos, de seis a once años, del primero a quinto grado de siete escuelas adventistas ubicados en la región suroeste de Sao Paulo. Estas escuelas inscriben estudiantes sin importar su religión. Datos demográficos y socioeconómicos se obtuvieron a partir de un cuestionario autoadministrado, llevado a casa y completado por el padre o responsable del niño. La calidad de la dieta se evaluó mediante el índice de ALES. Se calcularon las odds ratio brutas y ajustadas y se utilizó la regresión logística para el análisis de las variables.Resultados:De la muestra, 33,2% tuvo una puntuación pobre en el índice ALES y el 66,8% obtuvo una buena puntuación. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la calidad de la dieta y las siguientes variables: edad, nivel socioeconómico, educación maternal, jefe de la familia, trabajo materno fuera del hogar, lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses, y el origen de las meriendas escolares. Las variables que se mantuvieron asociadas a una dieta de buena calidad fueron: ser del sexo femenino (OR = 0.53; 95% IC, 0.30-0.92) y ser Adventista (OR = 2.52; 95% IC, 1.10-5.78).Conclusión:Los factores asociados con la buena calidad de la dieta fueron el sexo y la religión.

Objective:to evaluate the association between diet and socioeconomic and demographic factors among elementary school students.Methods:A cross-sectional study, involving a random sample of 256 children of both genders, aged between six to eleven years, from grades first through fifth of seven Adventist elementary private schools located in the southwest region of São Paulo State. These schools enroll students independent of their religion. Socioeconomic and demographic data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire sent home and completed by the parent or legal guardian. The diet quality was assessed through ALES index. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated and logistic regression was used to analyze the variables.Results:Of the sample, 33.2% showed a poor ALES index score and 66.8% had a good score. There were no statistically significant differences between diet quality and the following variables: age, socioeconomic status, maternal level of education, head of household, maternal employment outside the home, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months, and origin of school snacks. The variables that remained associated with a good diet quality were: being female (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30-0.92) and being Adventist (OR = 2.52; 95% CI, 1.10-5.78).Conclusions:The factors associated with good diet quality were gender and religion.